Chapter 1

Chemical Equations

 Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the study of various substances around us.
 Valency: The number of electrons gained, lost or shared by an atom to complete its octet is
called the combining capacity or valency of that atom.
 Radical: A single atom or a group of atoms which is positively or negatively charged is called
radical.
 A molecular formula tells us about:
 A particular compound or element
 The number of atoms present in various elements
 The relative weight of each element
 The molecular weight of a compound
 Atomic mass can be defined as the number of times an atom of an element is heavier than an
atom of hydrogen.
 Molecular mass can be defined as the number of times a molecule of an element or
compound is heavier than one-twelfth of a molecule of carbon.
 A representation of reactants on the left hand side and products on the right hand side of an
arrow is called a chemical equation.
 A balanced chemical equation tells us about:
 The reactants and products
 The composition of the reactants and products
 The relative masses of the reactants and products
 The states of the reactants and products
 The ratios of the molecular masses and volumes of the reactants and products

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