A Report on the Project

Wireless security
system

By
GAURAV KUMAR (IT/11080637)
LAVNISH GUPTA (COE/11081804)
PRINCY GUPTA (COE/11081819)

From
MAHARISHI MARKANDESHWAR UNIVERSITY
(MULLANA (AMBALA), HARYANA)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr Naveen

Kumar,CEO, Emtech foundation , for extending me the opportunity for
project and providing all necessary resources and expertise for this
purpose.

I express my heart felt thanks to ER. ZATIN GUPTA for giving me an

opportunity to do my PROJECT at Emtech Foundation.

I am grateful to my training guide, Mr RAJIV (ELECTRONIC ASSTT..)

whose encouragement and cooperation has been a source of great
inspiration. I am also indebted to Mr Ashish Kumar ( hardware asstt) for
his painstaking effort and enthusiastic cooperation to make the project
possible.

GAURAV KUMAR (IT)

LAVNISH GUPTA (COE)
PRINCY GUPTA (COE)

4 th SEMESTER
M.M. UNIVERSITY
MULLANA (AMBALA)
Haryana
 WIRELESS

SECURITY

SYSTEM

INDEX

 Objective
  Diagram

 Component List

 Description of Components

 Features

 Benefits

 Applications

 Future Scope and References

Objective:

Think of life we have full control on security system.It seems to be very

interesting. Is it possible? Of course! It is possible. With the advancement
in the electronics it has become possible. Now we can control a security
system with or without by using remote control. Well this is the main
purpose of designing the project .We can have full control in our hand. We
can use it in certain limit of range.Using this we run in everywhere and
collect images which is going to happen.With the advancement we can
recorded it easily like images ,videos.

Diagram
RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECEIVER

POWER SUPPLY
REGULATOR 7805

DARLINGTON PAIR
Components List:

RF Transmitter

RF Reciever

HT-12E (Encoder IC)

HT-12D (Decoder IC)

2804 IC

Capacitors

LEDs

Relay

4049 IC

555 IC

Resistors

keys
Resistors:
Resistors are components that have a predetermined resistance.
Resistance determines how much current will flow through a
component. Resistors are used to control voltages and currents.
A very high resistance allows very little current to flow. Air has
very high resistance. Current almost never flows through air.
(Sparks and lightning are brief displays of current flow through air.
The light is created as the current burns parts of the air.) A low
resistance allows a large amount of current to flow. Metals have
very low resistance. That is why wires are made of metal. They
allow current to flow from one point to another point without any
resistance. Wires are usually covered with rubber or plastic. This
keeps the
wires from coming in contact with other wires and creating short
circuits. High voltage power lines are covered with thick layers of
plastic to make them safe, but they become very dangerous when
the line breaks and the wire is exposed and is no longer
separated from other things by insulation. Resistance is given in
units of ohms. (Ohms are named after Mho Ohms who played
with electricity as a young boy in Germany.) Common resistor
values are from 100 ohms to 100,000 ohms. Each resistor is
marked with colored stripes to indicate it’s resistance. To learn
how to calculate the value of a resistor by looking at the stripes on
the resistor, go to Resistor Values which includes more
information about resistors.
LED:
Light Emitting Diodes are great for projects because they provide
visual entertainment. LEDs use aspecial material which emits light
when current flows through it. Unlike light bulbs, LEDs never burn
out unless their current limit is passed. A current of 0.02 Amps (20
mA) to 0.04 Amps (40 mA) is a good range for LEDs. They have a
positive leg and a negative leg just like regular diodes. To find the
positive side of an LED, look for a line in the metal inside the LED.
It may be difficult to see the line. This line is closest to the positive
side of the LED. Another way of finding the positive side is to find
a flat spot on the edge of the LED. This flat spot is on the negative
side. When current is flowing through an LED the voltage on the
positive leg is about 1.4 volts higher than the voltage on the
negative side. Remember that there is no resistance to limit the
current so a resistor must be used in series with the LED to avoid
destroying it.
The Capacitor:
The picture above on the left shows two typical capacitors. Capacitors
usually have two legs. One leg is the positive leg and the other is the
negative leg. The positive leg is the one that is longer. The picture on the
right is the symbol used for capacitors in circuit drawings (schematics).
When you put one in a circuit, you must make sure the positive leg and the
negative leg go in the right place. Capacitors do not always have a positive
leg and a negative leg. The smallest capacitors in this kit do not. It does not
matter which way you put them in a circuit. A capacitor is similar to a
rechargable battery in the way it works. The difference is that a capacitor
can only hold a small fraction of the energy that a battery can. (Except for
really big capacitors like the ones found in old TVs. These can hold a lot of
charge. Even if a TV has been disconnected from the wall for a long time,
these capacitors can still make lots of sparks and hurt people.) As with a
rechargable battery, it takes a while for the capacitor to charge. So if we
have a 12 volt supply and start charging the capacitor, it will start with 0
volts and go from 0 volts to 12 volts. Below is a graph of the voltage in the
capacitor while it is charging. The same idea is true when the capacitor is
discharging. If the capacitor has been charged to 12 volts and then we
connect both legs to ground, the capacitor will start discharging but it will
take some time for the voltage to go to 0 volts.
Power Supply:
Most of the digital circuits operate on 5 volt DC supply which is obtained by
the following circuit. The power supply circuit consists of a step down
transformer, bridge rectifier and 7805 voltage regulator IC.

A 1 780
5
D1 D3
1000 F + + 5V
AC 3 4 DC
Supply - -

D4 D2

B 2

BRIDGE RECTIFIERS:
Bridge rectifier circuit consists of four diodes arranged in the form of a
bridge as shown in figure.

OPERATION:

During the positive half cycle of the input supply, the upper end A of the
transformer secondary becomes positive with respect to its lower point B.
This makes Point1 of bridge positive with respect to point2. the diode D1 &
D2 become forward biased & D3 & D4 become reverse biased. As a result
a current starts flowing from point1, through D1 the load & D2 to the
negative end.

During negative half cycle, the point2 becomes positive with respect to
point1. Diode D1 & D2 now become reverse biased. Thus a current flow
from point 2 to point1.
 A 1

D1 D3

AC Supply 3 Load 4
+ -

D4 D2

B 2

TRANSFORMER:
Transformers are a major class of coils having two or more windings
usually wrapped around a common core made from laminated iron sheets.
It has two coils named primary & secondary. If the current flowing through
primary is fluctuating, then a current will be induced into the secondary
winding. A steady current will not be transferred from one coil to other coil.
Transformers are of two types:

1. Step up transformer
2. Step down transformer

In power supply we use step down transformer. We apply 220V AC on the

primary of step down transformer. This transformer steps down this voltage
to 9V AC. We give this 9 V AC to rectifier circuit, which convert it to 5V DC.
REGULATOR:
7805 IC is used as regulator in 5V power supply.

7805 1 - IN
2 - OUT
3 - GND

1 3 2

IN 7805 pin no.1 is input pin through which non-regulated signal is applied.
Pin no.3 is grounded & the regulated output is taken from pin no.2.
Relays:
It is often desirable or essential to isolate one circuit electrically from
another, while still allowing the first circuit to control the second.
For example, if you wanted to control a high-voltage circuit from your
computer, you would probably not want to connect it directly to the a low-
voltage port on the back of your computer in case something went wrong
and the mains electricity ended up destroying the expensive parts inside
your computer.

One simple method of providing electrical isolation between two circuits is

to place a relay between them, as shown in the circuit diagram of figure 1.
A relay consists of a coil that may be energized by the low-voltage circuit
and one or more sets of switch contacts, which may be connected to the
high-voltage circuit.

How Relays Work:

In figure 2a the relay is off. The metal arm is at its rest position and so there
is contact between the Normally Closed (N.C.) switch contact and the
‘common’ switch contact.

If a current is passed through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts
the metal arm and there is now contact between the Normally Open (N.O.)
switch contact and the common switch contact, as shown in figure 2b.
Advantages of Relays:
 The complete electrical isolation improves safety by ensuring that
high voltages and currents cannot appear where they should not be.

 Relays come in all shapes and sizes for different applications and
they have various switch contact configurations. Double Pole Double
Throw (DPDT) relays are common and even 4-pole types are
available. You can therefore control several circuits with one relay or
use one relay to control the direction of a motor.

 It is easy to tell when a relay is operating - you can hear a click as the
relay switches on and off and you can sometimes see the contacts
moving.

Disadvantages of Relays:

Being mechanical though, relays do have some disadvantages over other

methods of electrical isolation:
 Their parts can wear out as the switch contacts become dirty - high
voltages and currents cause sparks between the contacts.

 They cannot be switched on and off at high speeds because they

have a slow response and the switch contacts will rapidly wear out
due to the sparking.
  Their coils need a fairly high current to energise, which means some
micro-electronic circuits can't drive them directly without additional
circuitry.

 The back-emf created when the relay coil switches off can damage
the components that are driving the coil. To avoid this, a diode can be
placed across the relay coil, as will be seen in any Electronics in
Meccano circuits that use relays with sensitive components.

Choosing a Relay:
When choosing a relay to use in a circuit, you need to bear in mind
properties of both the coil and the switch contacts. Firstly, you will need to
find a relay that has the required number of switch poles for your
application. You then need to make sure that the switch contacts can cope
with the voltage and current you intend to use - for example, if you were
using the relay to switch a 60W mains lamp on and off, the switch contacts
would need to be rated for at least250mA at 240V AC (or whatever the
mains voltage is in your country).

Also of importance is the material that the switch contacts are made of -
gold is good for low-voltages, whereas tungsten is suitable for switching
high voltages and currents.
DIODE:
A diode is the simplest sort of semiconductor device. A semiconductor is a
material with a varying ability to conduct electrical current. Most
semiconductors are made of a poor conductor that has had impurities
(atoms of another material) added to it. The process of adding impurities is
called doping.

In the case of LEDs, the conductor material is typically aluminum-gallium-

arsenide (AlGaAs). In pure aluminum-gallium-arsenide, all of the atoms
bond perfectly to their neighbors, leaving no free electrons (negatively-
charged particles) to conduct electric current. In doped material, additional
atoms change the balance, either adding free electrons or creating holes
where electrons can go. Either of these additions makes the material more
conductive.

A semiconductor with extra electrons is called N-type material, since it has

extra negatively charged particles. In N-type material, free electrons move
from a negatively charged area to a positively charged area.

A semiconductor with extra holes is called P-type material, since it

effectively has extra positively charged particles. Electrons can jump from
hole to hole, moving from a negatively charged area to a positively charged
area. As a result, the holes themselves appear to move from a positively
charged area to a negatively charged area.
SWITCHES (KEYS)
Mechanical switches permit or interrupt the flow of current. They are also
used to direct current to various points.

Different types of switches are:

THE BASIC KNIFE SWITCH

This is also called an SPST (single-pole, single-throw switch)

Various switch symbols are:

MULTIPLE CONTACT SWITCHES

Here are symbols for the major kinds:

SPDT DPST
DPDT

(The dashed line means both sides move together)

SPDT – Single-pole, Double-throw

DPST – Double-pole, Single-throw
DPDT – Double-pole, Double-throw

OTHER SWITCHES

PUSH BUTTON: usually SPST, normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC).
Spring loader

ROTARY: wafer like with one pole and 2 or more contacts. Wafers can be
stacked to provide more poles. Many variations are possible.
433 MHz RF 433 receiver STR -
Overview

The STR-433 is ideal for short-range remote control applications where

cost is a primary concern. The receiver module requires no external RF
components except for the antenna. It generates virtually no emissions,
making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The super-regenerative design
exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost. The manufacturing-
friendly SIP style package and low-cost make the STR-433 suitable for high
volume applications

Feature

Low Cost
5V operation
3.5mA current drain
No External Parts are required
Receiver Frequency: 433.92 MHZ
Typical sensitivity: -105dBm
IF Frequency: 1MHz

Application

Car security system

Sensor reporting
Automation system
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
Remote Lighting Controls
On-Site Paging
Asset Tracking
Wireless Alarm and Security Systems
Long Range RFID
Automated Resource Management

433 MHz RF Transmitter STT-433

The STT-433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and
longer range is required. The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply,
making it ideal for battery-powered applications. The transmitter employs a
SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control for best
range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are easy to
control, making FCC and ETSI compliance easy. The manufacturing-
friendly SIP style package and low-cost make the STT-433 suitable for high
volume applications.

Feature

433.92 MHz Frequency

Low Cost
1.5-12V operation
11mA current consumption at 3V
Small size
4 dBm output power at 3V
Application

Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)

Remote Lighting Controls
On-Site Paging
Asset Tracking
Wireless Alarm and Security Systems
Long Range RFID
Automated Resource Management
Benefits:

With the continual increase in theft, burglary and vandalism, crime is

something everyone thinks about. And with that, security comes into play
like a home security system or surveillance for your office. There are
numerous types of options, from spy cameras or nanny cams that are
small, efficient and through this we use CCTV (closed-circuit television)
cameras used to capture images that can later be used in courtrooms to
catch kidnappers and thieves.
 Application:
 Robo-Spy

We can use this wireless security system as Robo-spy by which we can

get information related to our Target .
We can use this in the field of war for know the position of enemy.

 Wireless security

With the continual increase in theft, burglary and vandalism, crime is

something everyone thinks about. And with that, security comes into play
like a home security system or surveillance for your office. There are
numerous types of options, from spy cameras or nanny cams that are
small, efficient and through this we use CCTV (closed-circuit television)
cameras used to capture images that can later be used in courtrooms to
catch kidnappers and thieves.

Future Scope:
This project is so popular today because of above
advantages. We may expect that in future this project can be used for
security controlling purposes.