Depar

tment
alOfEnvi
r
onment
alEngi
neer
ing

Subj
ect
:Speci
alT
opi
csi
nEnvi
ronment
alEngi
neer
ing(
Remot
eSens
ingandGI
S)

PROJ
ECTREPORT

Ti
tle
Digi
tal
Mappi
ngofGul
shanT
ownt
obui
l
dnew col
l
egesus
ingt
heappl
i
cat
ionofr
emot
e
sens
ing

PROJ
ECTPREPAREDBY

MS.SOOF
IARAZA(
EN-
08504)

BAT
CH:2008-
09

MR.F
ARAZNAZAR(
EN-
507)

BAT
CH:2007-
08

PROJ
ECTSUBMI
TTEDT
O

SI
RSYEDJ
AMI
LKAZ
MI
 CONT
ENT
S

T
opi
cs PageNo.

1.
0 I
ntr
oduct
ion 01

1.
1 Ar
eaofI
nter
est 02

2.
0 Back
ground 04

3.
0 Obj
ect
ive 07

3.
1 Si
gni
fi
cance 07

4.
0 Dat
asour
ce 08

4.
1 I
mageDat
aSour
ce 08

4.
2 Non-I
mageDat
aSour
ce 08

0 Popul
5. ati
onoft
hecol
l
egest
udent
s(Mal
e/Femal
e) 10

6.
0 Appl
i
cat
ionofGI
S 13

6.
1 T
hemat
icL
ayer
s 13

6.
2 Met
hodol
ogyofAnal
ysi
s 13

3 St
6. epsi
nvol
vedf
orachi
evi
ngt
hei
nputdat
a 14

6.
3.1 Acqui
si
ti
onofi
magesf
rom Googl
eear
th 14

6.
3.2 Mosai
ci
ngofi
mages 14

6.
3.3 Geor
efer
enci
ngofi
magesi
nAr
cVi
ew 14

6.
3.4 Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofI
mages 14

6.
3.5 Rast
ert
ovect
orc
onv
ersi
on 14

6.
3.6 Dev
elopmentofv
ect
orl
ayer
s 15

6.
3.7 Embedi
ngdat
ainGI
Senv
ironment 15

6.
3.8 L
ocat
ingEx
ist
incol
l
ege 15

6.
3.9 Thedi
st
ancef
rom ex
ist
ingcol
l
ege 15

7.
0 Res
ult
s 16

8.
0 Concl
usi
on 21
 L
ISTOFT
ABL
ES

T
abl
eNo. T
it
le PageNo.

T
abl
e2.
1 Ar
eaofDi
f
fer
entUCsofGul
shanTown 5

T
abl
e5.
1 Popul
ati
onofPer
sons(
Age15-
19)i
nDi
f
fer
entUCS 10

T
abl
e5.
2 Ex
ist
ingCol
l
egesofGul
shanTown(
Mal
eandFemal
e) 11

L
ISTOFF
IGURES

F
igur
eNo. T
it
le PageNo.

F
igur 1 Loc
e1. at
i
onofAr
eaofSt
udyi
nKar
achi
map 03

F
igur 1 I
e2. mageofGul
shanTownwi
thdi
vi
si
onofUCboundar
ies 06

F
igur 1 Sat
e4. ell
i
tei
mageGULSHANTOWN 09

F
igur 1 Loc
e5. at
i
onOfCol
l
egesI
dent
i
fi
edI
nSat
ell
i
teI
mageOfGul
shanTown 12

F
igur 1 Geor
e7. efer
encedi
mageofAOI 16

F
igur 2 Cl
e7. assi
fi
cat
ionofAOI 17

F
igur 3 Vec
e7. t
orl
ayerofopenl
and 18

F
igur 4 Vec
e7. t
orl
ayerofRoadNet
wor
k 19

F
igur 5 Vec
e7. t
orl
ayerofUCs 20
1.
0 I
NTRODUCT
ION

St
ast
ical
l
y,Paki
stanhasmader
eas
onabl
emar
chsi
ncei
ndependencei
nmanyf
iel
ds
i
ncl
udi
ngeducat
ion.Lesst
hanonemi
l
li
onst
udent
swer
eenr
oll
edi
nschool
satt
het
i
me
ofi
ndependence,and,ast
oni
shi
ngl
y,12mi
l
li
onschool
-agechi
l
drenar
eenr
oll
ed.

Butmor
ethan12mi
l
li
onchi
l
drenar
edoi
ngj
ob,put
ti
ngt
hei
rli
vesi
ndangerandmi
ssi
ng
qual
i
tyeduc
ati
on.Asamat
teroff
act
,ful
lenr
oll
mentatpr
imar
yeducat
i
oni
sst
il
lnota
r
eal
i
ty,butadr
eam.Ther
ecentcens
ust
all
i
esi
nChi
naandI
ndi
ashow t
hatPaki
stani
s
subst
ant
ial
l
ybehi
ndt
het
wol
argeAs
iannat
ions.

Chi
na'
sli
ter
acyr
atei
snear90% andI
ndi
ahasr
eached65%.Paki
st
ani
sar
ound50%,
t
hismeansweneedt
odobet
ter
.Mor
eov
er,i
t'
samomentofs
hamet
oo,becaus
ewe
hav
elesserpopul
ati
onandar
enotashugeasChi
naandI
ndi
a.

I
fwel
ookpr
ovi
nci
all
yint
ermsofeducat
ion,Si
ndhwasv
erymuchbackwar
datt
het
ime
ofi
tsf
ormat
i
on.Bynow manyuni
ver
sit
iesar
eopened buts
adl
ywomenl
i
ter
acyr
atei
s
st
il
ll
esst
han30% .

Secondl
y,t
her
ootofsoci
alandi
deol
ogi
calpr
obl
em i
slackofeducat
ion.Peopl
ewi
th
v
est
edi
nter
est
star
gett
hei
l
li
ter
atef
ordef
ami
ngI
slam andours
oci
ety
.Thi
shappens
becausepeopl
edon'
thav
ethecapabi
l
it
ytodi
sti
ngui
shbet
weenr
ightandwr
ong.

Mor
eov
er,l
ackofeducat
ioni
sal
sot
hemai
ncausef
ort
hedi
stur
bancei
ntheeconomi
c
sect
or.Aspeopl
ear
enoteducat
i
onal
l
yqual
i
fi
ed,t
heyar
eunabl
etor
unbusi
ness
es
appr
opr
iat
ely
.

Whent
heyf
aceacr
isi
sint
hei
rbusi
nessest
heyar
efor
cedt
oshutdownbecauset
hey
l
ackt
he abi
l
it
ytoi
dent
i
fyt
he r
easonsofl
oss.I
ntoday
'sgl
obalwor
ld,educat
ion i
s
r
equi
redt
oenhanceot
her
wisewewi
l
lnotbeabl
etopr
omot
eouri
ndust
ri
es.

1
Ther
efor
etor
esol
vet
his di
l
emma a sound and concr
ete net
wor
k ofeducat
ional
i
nst
it
uti
onsi
stheneedoft
heday
.

Tocar
ryoutt
hisi
mpor
tantj
ob,t
hev
eryf
ir
standv
erycr
uci
alst
epi
stoi
dent
i
fyt
hemos
t
sui
tabl
elocat
i
onst
obepl
acesofnewcol
l
eges,andt
obegi
nwi
th,t
hebasi
csubac
ti
vi
ty
i
stomapt
hear
eaofi
nter
estdi
gi
tal
l
y.

1.
1 AREAOFI
NTEREST(
AOI
)

Thear
eaofst
udyf
ort
hei
dent
i
ficat
i
onofsui
t
abl
eloc
ati
onsofc
oll
egesi
sGul
shant
own.

Thef
oll
owi
ngt
woquest
ionsneedanswer
s.I
sther
ear
ealneedofcol
l
ege?I
fyes,what
ar
ethemosts
uit
abl
elocat
ionst
obepl
acesofnew col
l
eges.
?Theansweroft
hef
ir
st
quest
ioni
sabsol
utel
yyes.Theneedofmor
ecol
l
egesbec
omesanecessi
tyasar
esul
t
ofpopul
ati
onex
pansi
on.Thi
sleadst
othes
econdques
ti
on,wher
ethecol
l
egesshoul
d
be.

2
Fi
gur
e1.
1:Locat
ionofAr
eaofSt
udyi
nKar
achimap

3
2.
0 BACKGROUND

Gul
shan-
e-I
qbalTowni
soneoft
het
ownsi
nKar
achi
,Si
ndh,Paki
st
an.Thet
owni
sal
so
knownasGul
shan-
E-I
qbal
.Thi
stownwasnamedi
nhonorofPaki
st
an'
snat
ionalpoet
Al
l
amaMuhammadI
qbal
.Gul
shan-
e-I
qball
i
ter
all
ytr
ansl
atest
o'Gar
denofI
qbal
'
.The
t
owni
sbor
der
edbyGadapTownt
othenor
th,t
heFai
salandMal
i
rCant
onment
stot
he
east
,Jams
hedTownt
othesout
hwes
t,andGul
ber
gTownandLi
aquat
abadt
othewest
.

Ther
ear
esev
eralet
hni
cgr
oupsi
nGul
shanTowni
ncl
udi
ngMuhaj
i
rs,Punj
abi
s,Si
ndhi
s,
Kashmi
ri
s,Ser
aiki
s,Pakht
uns,Bal
ochi
s,Memons
,Bohr
as,I
smai
l
is,et
c.Ov
er99% of
t
hepopul
ati
oni
sMusl
i
m.Thepopul
ati
onofGul
shanTowni
sest
i
mat
edt
obeov
erone
mi
l
li
on.

Thepr
esentpopul
ati
onofGul
shant
owni
s1.
2mi
l
li
onandar
eaofabout13260hec
tar
e
(
Kar
achiMast
erPl
anr
epor
tJan,2009)
.

Gul
shanTowni
sdi
vi
dedi
n13Uni
oncounci
l
shav
ingapar
ti
cul
arNaz
im,Nai
bNaz
im,
Mal
eGener
alCouncl
ors,andf
emal
egener
alCounci
l
ors.

4
Tabl
e2.
1: Ar
eaofDi
f
fer
entUCsofGul
shanTown

Ar
ea
UCname UCNo. (
hect
are)
Dehl
iMer
cant
il
eSoci
ety 1 1027.
3
Ci
vi
cCent
er 2 910.
4
PI
BCol
ony 3 236.
5
EssaNagr
i 4 274.
5
Gul
shanEI
qbal-I 5 443.
9
Geel
aniRal
wayst
ati
on 6 881.
7
Shant
iNagar 7 545.
5
Jamal
iCol
ony 8 363.
7
Gul
shanEI
qbal-I
I 9 552.
8
Pahel
wanGot
h 10 2559.
2
Met
rov
ilCol
ony 11 2148.
1
Gul
zar
-e-
Hij
ri 12 2287.
5
Saf
oor
aGot
h 13 1029.
1

5
Fi
gur
e2.
1ImageofGul
shanTownwi
thdi
vi
si
onofUCboundar
ies

6
3.
0 OBJECTI
VE

Themai
nobj
ect
iv
eoft
hispr
ojectt
ocar
ryoutdi
gi
talmappi
ngofGul
shant
own,Kar
achi
usi
ngr
emot
esensi
ngt
echnol
ogy
.ARCVI
EW 3.
2wi
l
lbeusedt
ocar
ryoutt
hej
ob.

3.
1 SI
GNI
FICANCE

GI
Scanhel
pdeci
si
onmaker
stoi
dent
if
ythecur
rentdi
str
ibut
ionoft
heexi
sti
ngcol
l
eges
andt
hent
oknow whati
sthebestpossi
blel
ocat
ionst
obui
l
d new col
l
egesar
e.I
nany
GI
Sappl
i
cat
iont
hev
eryf
ir
stst
epi
sthet
ocol
l
ectbas
eli
nei
nfor
mat
ionofst
udyar
eaand
t
hen per
for
ming Di
gtalMappi
ng oft
he dat
a acqui
red t
hrough r
emot
e sensi
ng .
The
scopeoft
hispr
ojecti
sli
mit
edt
oappl
yremot
esensi
ngt
echni
quest
oper
for
m di
git
al
mappi
ngoft
heconcer
nedar
eaandext
rac
ti
ngusef
uli
nfor
mat
ionf
rom i
t.Ov
eral
l
,iti
s
v
eryef
fi
ci
entwayofl
ocat
ingt
hepr
oposedl
ocat
ionofc
oll
ege.

7
4.
0 DATASOURCES

Thei
nputdat
awer
eobt
ainedf
rom di
f
fer
entsour
ces.Thei
nfor
mat
i
onaboutUCshav
e
been t
aken f
rom CDGK websi
te and al
sof
rom Gul
shan Town Websi
t
e.I
nfor
mat
ion
aboutEx
ist
ingcol
l
egeswasobt
ainedf
rom c
ent
ral
i
zedAdmi
ssi
onPol
i
cy2009.

Wedi
vi
dedTheDat
asour
cei
n:

I
magedat
asour
ce

NonI
magedat
asour
ce

Abr
iefdescr
ipt
ionofbot
hsour
cesar
eshownbel
owi
ntabul
arf
orm.

4.
1 I
MAGEDATASOURCE

Fort
heappli
cati
onofr
emotes ensi
ng,r
evel
entsat
ell
i
tedat
aisacqui
redf
rom googl
e
ear
thwi
thfol
lowi
ngcharact
eri
sti
cs:

Sat
ell
i
teI
mage LandSati
mage
Qui
ckBi
rdI
magef
rom (
Googl
eEar
th)

4.
2 Noni
magedat
asour
ce

Dat
a Sour
ce

MapsofGul
shanTown CDGKwebsi
te,Gul
shanTownwebsi
te

CensusRepor
t1998 St
ati
si
ti
cdi
vi
si
on,Gov
t.ofPaki
stan

I
nfor
mat
ionr
egar
dingEx
ist
ingcol
l
eges Cent
eral
i
zedAdmi
ssi
onPol
i
cy2009

Ex
ist
ingandf
utur
epopul
ati
onofGul
shan Kar
achiMast
erMast
erPl
anReor
t
Towni
ndi
f
fer
entUCs

8
Fi
gur
e4.
1Sat
ell
i
tei
mageGULSHANTOWN

9
 5.
0 Popul
ati
onoft
hecol
legest
udent
s(Mal
e/Femal
e)

To det
ermi
ne t
he pr
opos
ed sui
t
abl
eloc
ati
ons f
orcol
l
eges,i
tisv
eryi
mpor
tantt
o
est
imat
ethepopul
ati
onoft
heper
sonwhoar
ecol
l
egegoi
ng(
Agebet
ween15t
o19
y
ear
s).Sot
hatwecananal
yzet
hati
nwhi
chUCs,t
hepopul
ati
onofcol
l
egest
udent
sis
max
imum;andwhati
sthemax
imum di
st
anc
eofcol
l
egef
rom t
hes
eUCs.

Tabl
e5.
1:Popul
ati
onofPer
sons(
Age15-
19)i
nDi
ff
erentUCS

Populat
ion (
15-
19 Populati
on ( 15-
19 years
UC Ar ea year
sage)f or2010 age)foryear2020
UCname No. (
hectar
e) Male Femal e Total Male Female Tot
al
Dehl
i Mer
cant
il
e
Soci
ety 1 1027.
3 2,
809 2,
568 5377 4,
683 4,
280 8,
963
Ci
vi
cCent
er 2 910.
4 3,
824 3,
494 7318 5,
907 5,
398 11,
305
PI
BCol
ony 3 236.
5 2,
270 2,
074 4344 3,
790 3,
464 7,
255
EssaNagr
i 4 274.
5 3,
510 3,
207 6717 6,
386 5,
836 12,
222
Gul
shanEI
qbal-I 5 443.
9 2,
509 2,
293 4802 4,
190 3,
830 8,
020
Geel
ani Ral
way
st
ati
on 6 881.
7 3,
475 3,
175 6650 5,
803 5,
303 11,
106
Shant
iNagar 7 545.
5 2,
809 2,
568 5377 4,
396 4,
018 8,
414
Jamal
iCol
ony 8 363.
7 2,
925 2,
674 5599 4,
282 3,
913 8,
196
Gul
shanEI
qbal-I
I9 552.
8 2,
565 2,
345 4910 4,
048 3,
699 7,
746
Pahel
wanGot
h 10 2559.
2 3,
389 3,
097 6486 4,
308 3,
937 8,
246
Met
rov
ilCol
ony 11 2148.
1 2,
925 2,
674 5599 6,
573 6,
007 12,
580
Gul
zar
-e-
Hij
ri 12 2287.
5 2,
537 2,
319 4856 4,
238 3,
873 8,
110
Saf
oor
aGot
h 13 1029.
1 2,
562 2,
342 4904 4,
280 3,
911 8,
191
TOTAL 13260 38111 34828 72939 62885 57469 120354
Sour
ce:Kar
achiMast
erPl
anRepor
tJan,2009

10
 Tabl
e5.
2:Ex
ist
ingCol
l
egesofGul
shanTown(
Mal
eandFemal
e)

Co- No.Ofavai
labl
eseat
s
No Col
S. legeName Mal
e Femal
e Educat
ion
Pre Pre
Medi
cal Engi
neeri
ng Commer
ce Comput
er Humani
ti
es
1 Gov t
. Degr ee Boy s
Coll
egeGul z areHi j
ri M - - 100 400 300 - -
2 Gov t
. Degr ee Col l
ege 100forM, 400f orM, 300f
orM, 50forM,
GulshanEI qbal - - Co 200forF 200forF 200forF 50f orF -
3 Gov t
.NationalCol l
ege M - - 100 700 500 50 200
4 Gov t
. Degr ee Col l
ege 100forF 200f
orM, 50f orF 100forF
Stadi
um Road - - Co only 200forF - only onl
y
5 Gov t
. Degr ee Boy s
Coll
egeGul istan- e-
Jauhar M - - 100 300 300 - -
6 HRH Aga Khan Gov t
.
Girl
sCol l
egePI Bcol ony - F - - - 300 - 300
7 Khat oon-e-Paki stan Gov t
.
Coll
ege - F - 400 300 300 - 300
8 Gov t
. Gi rls Col l
ege
Guli
stan-e-Jauhar - F - 200 200 - - 300
Tot
alMaleCollegesi ncludingcoand separ
ate=5
Tot
alFemaleCol l
egesi ncl
udingcoand separ
ate=5
Sour
ce:Cent ralizedAdmi ssi
onPol
icyf
orInt
ermedi
ate,Di
rect
orGener alCol
l
egeSi ndh

11
 Fi
gur
e5.
1Locat
ionOfCol
legesI
dent
if
iedI
nSat
ell
it
eImageOfGul
shanTown

LEGEND
1 Gov
t.DegreeBoysColl
ege 2 Govt
.Degr
eeCollege 3 4 Govt.DegreeColl
ege
Gul
zareHij
ri Gul
shanEIqbal Govt
.Nat
ionalColl
ege St
adium Road
5 Gov
t.DegBoy sColl
ege 6 HRHAgaKhanGov t
.Gi
rl
s 7 Khat
oon-
e-Paki
stan 8 Govt.Gir
lsColl
ege
Gul
i
stan-
e-Jauhar Col
l
egePIBcolny Govt
.Col
lege Gul
istan-
e-Jauhar

12
6.
0 APPLI
CATI
ONOFGI
S

6.
1 THEMATI
CLAYERS

TheAOSi
sdi
vi
dedi
ntof
ourt
hemat
i
clay
ers

Bui
l
tupl
and

Veget
ati
on

OpenAr
ea

Roadnet
wor
k

6.
2 METHODOLOGY

Themet
hodol
ogyf
ordet
ermi
ni
ngt
hebestci
ti
est
obet
hepl
acesofnewcol
l
eges
r
equi
resdi
gi
talmapoft
hest
udyar
ea,t
hear
easwhi
chhav
ecol
l
egesandt
heot
her
s
whi
chdonothav
eanycol
l
ege.Thei
nputdat
aisdef
inedi
npoi
nts,l
i
nes,andpol
ygons
whi
chr
epr
esentUCl
ocat
ions,r
oadsandr
egi
onsr
espect
iv
ely
.

Fol
l
owi
ngst
epswhi
chwehav
ecompl
etedt
oconductt
hej
ob.

1.Acqui
si
ti
onofi
magesf
rom Googl
e

2.Mosai
ci
ngofi
mages

3.Geor
efer
enci
ngofi
mages

4.Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofi
mage

5.Rast
ert
ovect
orc
onv
ersi
on

6.Dev
elopmentofv
ect
orl
ayer
s

7.Embeddi
ngdat
ainGI
Senv
ironment
.

8.Det
ermi
ningdi
st
anc
etoex
ist
ingcol
l
ege

13
Adet
ail
eddescr
ipt
ionofeachst
epi
sgi
veni
nfol
l
owi
ngsect
ions.

6.
3.1 Acqui
sit
ionofi
magesf
rom Googl
eear
th

Inordertogett
heSatelli
te(Qui
ckbird)imageofGul shanTowninareasonabl
ez oom
fi
el
d,Wehav etotaketheimagesofGul shantownfr
om GoogleEart
hattheeyealti
tude
of1500f t
.wehaveachievedthi
stas
kbyt aki
ngabout250imagecover
ingt
hetotalarea
ofint
erest
.

6.
3.2 Mosai
cingofi
mages

These250cl
i
pshavebeenmosai
cedusi
ngAdobephot
oshop7.
0sof
twar
etogetaf
inal
i
mageoftheAOS.

6.
3.3 Geor
efer
enci
ngofi
magesi
nAr
cVi
ew

Thef
inali
mageofGul
shantowninjpegf
ormatwast
hengeor
efer
encedwi
thl
andsat
i
magewithRMSval
ueequalt
o0.25.

6.
3.4Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofi
mage

Imagehasbeencl assi
fi
edint
o4class
esnamedveget
ati
on,openlandandbuil
tupl
and
usingcategori
zati
ontoolwhil
e Roadnet
wor
klay
erhasbeendev elopedusi
ngli
netool
viegroundtrut
hing.

6.
3.5Rast
ert
ovect
orconver
sion

Imagehasbeenconv
ertedintov
ectort
oembedotheri
nfor
mat
ion.Tabl
einex
celf
ormat
hasbeendevel
opedcontai
ningi
nfor
mati
onaboutUCs.

14
6.
3.6Devel
opmentofvect
orl
ayer
s

Toext
ractus
efuli
nfor
mat
ionf
rom i
magef
oll
owi
ngl
ayer
shav
ebeendev
elopedi
nshape
f
il
efor
mat.

UC.
shp Cont
ains pol
ygons t
orepr
esentdi
f
fer
ent
UCs

Road.
shp Cont
ainsLi
nest
orepr
esentr
oadnet
wor
k

Openl
and.
shp Pol
yganst
orepr
esentopenar
eas

Bcg.
shp Contai
ns poi
nts t
o r
epr
esent ex
ist
ing
col
l
egesformal
es

Gcg.
shp Contai
ns poi
nts to r
epr
esent ex
ist
ing
col
l
egesforf
emale

6.
3.7Embedi
ngdat
ainGI
Senvi
ronment

At
tri
but
et abl
e has been j
oined wi
tht
abl
e av
ail
abl
ein ex
celf
ormatcont
aini
ng
i
nfor
mati
onaboutdi
ff
erentUCs.

6.
3.8 Locat
ingexi
sti
ngcol
lege

Ex
ist
ingcol
l
egesar
elocat
edi
nanewl
ayerasPoi
ntsusi
nggr
oundt
rut
hing.

6.
3.9 Thedi
stancef
rom exi
sti
ngcol
lege

Inthi
sstep t
he Fi
nd Di
stance t
oolwasus
ed t
o det
ermi
ne t
he di
stanc
efr
om ev
ery
exi
sti
ngcol
l
ege.

15
7.
0 RESULTS

Fol
lowi
ngl
ayer
shavebeenobt
ainedasar
esul
tofdi
git
almappi
ngofAOI
.

Fi
g7.
1 Geo-
ref
erencedi
mageofAOI

16
Fi
g 7.
2 Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofAOI

17
Fi
g7.
3 v
ect
orl
ayerofopenl
and

18
Fi
g7.
4:Vec
torl
ayerofRoadNet
wor
k

19
Fi
g7.
5: Vect
orl
ayerofUCs

20
8.
0 Concl
usi
on

Aboveresul
tsrev ealt
hatdigi
ti
zati
onoftheourareaofi
nter
esti
.egul
shantown
hasbeencar r
iedoutsuccess ful
lywhi
chr esul
tedinanumberofvect
orlayer
s
i
ncl
udingopenl and,bui
lt
-upland,andr
oadnet work.
Boundar
iesofUCshavebeen del
ineatedandexi
sti
ngcol
l
egesf
ormal
eand
f
emalehave beenal
somar
kedonseparatel
ayer
s.
These l
ayer
sshow t he geographi
caldemar
cat
ion oft
he area and t
hei
rclose
st
udywi l
lbe helpf
ulinf ur
theranaly
sisoft
he taskto sel
ectsuit
abl
e si
tefor
bui
ldi
ngnewcolleges.

Vectorl
ayersofexisti
ngcollegesi denti
fytheareaswhich havecoll
egesand
whichdonothave.Hence,thest udyoft hes
eslayerswil
lhel
pinext
ract
ingareas
neednew coll
egesf orexampleJamal icol
ony,Safoor
agoth,Dehlimer cant
il
e
andShantinagerar
et heareaswhi chdonothav eanycoll
eges.

Layersshowing di
stance t
o exi
sti
ng coll
eges(male and f
emal
e)wil
lal
so be
hel
pfulindeter
mini
ngt hebes tcol
legelocati
onasthear easwhi
charef
art
her
awayfrom ex
ist
ingcoll
egesdeservemor etobeconsi
dered.
Thisinf
ormat
ionmustbei
ntegr
atedwi
thpopul
ati
ondensi
tyandl
i
ter
acyr
atet
o
getopti
mum r
esul
t.

21