Temperature: °C to K add 273.

15
°F to °C subtract 32, divide by 1.8 (or vice
versa)
Pressure: psi to bar divide by 14.504
atm to bar multiply by 1.01325
[kg/(m.s2) ] Pa to bar divide by 100,000 (1 bar = 100 kPa)
Length: inch to mm multiply by 25.4 (2.54
cm, 0.0254m)
inch to foot multiply by 12
Weight: lb to kg divide by 0.45359237*
(estimate using 0.45)
Conduction – Trans 1 molecule to another adjacent – occur in solid

Convection – trans heat within fluid mixing warmer and cooler – natural and forced

Radiation – trans energy from source to receiver by emission of energy and reabsorption – may be
reflected or transmitted

Heat trans by conduction – fouriers law

dq dT
 k
dA dx
where: q = rate of heat flow [W]

A = surface area [m2]

T = temperature [°C]

x = distance normal to surface [m]

k = thermal conductivity [W/m °C]

thermal conductivity values should be given – w/mk and btu/h.ft.degF

thermal resistance
 q T q T
k 
A B B is thickness A R R is thermal resistance

Overall heat trans used instead of thermal res often

• U=1/R

Heat flow through cylinder

Heat trans by convection

q  h A  T 1  T2   h A T
h = film heat trans coeff

QUESTION 1: Simple!

• If 3 kW is conducted through a section of insulating material 1.0 m 2 in cross section and 2.5 cm
thick with thermal conductivity k=0.2 W/m.K, compute the temperature difference across the
material.

• Info:
• q = 3 kW = 3000 W

• A = 1 m2

• k = 0.2 W/m.K

• B = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m

•
or

3000  0.025
T   375 K
0.2  1