Kazys Boruta

%DOWDUDJLRPDOÌQDVDUEDNDVG¡MRVLDQXRPHWX3DXGUXY¡VNUDãWH

$QW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR VWDWDXV VNDUGåLR VWRY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR Y¡MLQLV PDOÌQDV 1XR QHDWPHQDPÐ
ODLNÐ PRVDYR MLV VDYR GLGHOLDLV VSDUQDLV WDU\WXP EÌWÐ QRU¡M
V SDVLNHOWL LU QXVNULVWL QXR SDNULÌW¡V
äHPDL SDNDOQ¡MH W\YXOLDYR VNDLGUXV 8GUXY¡V HåHUDV SODþLDL LãVLãDNRM
V WDUS DSOLQNLQLÐ NDOQÐ
DSDXJXVLÐ SXã\QDLV LU VO¡QLÐ XåWUDXNWÐ SHONLÐ PDXUDLV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV EXYR DQW DXNãþLDXVLR
NUDQWR LU MR VSDUQDL ãP¡NãþLRGDPL Lã WROR SUR P¡O\QDV SXãÐ YLUãÌQHV VXNGDYRVL QXR PDåLDXVLR
Y¡MHOLR NXULV SDGYHONGDYR Lã HåHUR
8GUXY¡V HåHUR YDQGHQ\V QXRODWRV VNDODYR PDOÌQR NDOQR DSJULXYXV³ ãODLW WDU\WXP QRU¡GDPL
M³ QXJULDXWL VX YLVX PDOÌQX %HW SUDJ\YHQR %DOWDUDJLR W¡YÐ W¡YDL HåHUDV YLV ODLN VNDODYR SDNUDQW
 R
PDOÌQDV YLV VWRY¡MR NDLS VWRY¡M
V DQW SDNULÌW¡V MR VSDUQDL VXNRVL LU MLV QXRODWRV Ìå¡ 7DV MR ÌåLPDV
VXVLOLHGDYR VX HåHUR PXUP¡MLPX ³ YLHQ VYDLJLQDQW³ JDXGHV³ NXULV XåNHU¡GDYR VDYR SDVODSWLQJXPX
$U QH MLV EXYR XåNHU¡M
V LU SDVNXWLQ³ 3DXGUXY¡V PDOÌQLQLQN %DOWUÐ %DOWDUDJ³ NXULV YLHQLãDV
J\YHQR WDPH PDOÌQH VX VDYR YLHQWXUWH GXNUD -XUJD 6HQDV QDãO\V WDLS P\O¡MR VDYR YLHQWXUW
 NDG GLHQ
QDNW³ DNLÐ QXR MRV QHQXOHLVGDYR NDUWDLV YLVDV QXãYLVGDPDV WDUVL QHSDSUDVWRV ODLP¡V DSãYLHVWDV R
NDUWDLV WDLS QXOLÌVGDPDV LU VXVLUÌSLQGDPDV NDG QHW åLOÐ SODXNÐ YDLQLNDV DSLH QXSOLNXVL MR JDOY GDU
ODELDX LãEDOGDYR . JDOYRGDYR LU N MDXVGDYR VHQDV PDOÌQLQLQNDV QLHNDV QHåLQRMR QHEHQW QXMDXW¡
NDG JUDåXRO¡ GXNUD ² YLVDV MR GåLDXJVPDV UÌSHVWLV LU J\YHQLPDV
2 GXNUDL PDåD WHUÌS¡MR NR W¡YDV QXãYLQWD DU SUDå\OD ³ M åLÌU¡GDPDV -DL YLVDV J\YHQLPDV
DWURG¡ NDLS OLQNVPD MDXQ\VW¡V LãGDLJD R MRV NLHNYLHQDPH åLQJVQ\MH MXRN¡VL DãWXRQLROLND QHUÌSHVWLQJÐ
PHWÐ 7DL EXYR YLVR 3DXGUXY¡V NDLPR SDWL VPDJLDXVLD PHUJLQD NXUL VDYR VNDPELX MXRNX OLQNVPÐ
DNLÐ JXQGDQþLDLV åYLOJVQLDLV QH YLHQ MDXQLN³ EXYR LãYHGXVL Lã SURWR LU NHWLQR GDU QH YLHQ LãYHVWL 7DL
EXYR WLNUD LãG\N¡O¡ QDãOLR W¡YR LãSDLNLQWD YLHQWXUW¡ NXUL Lã YLVNR MXRNXV NU¡W¡ LU SDWL SLUPRML MXRN¡VL
1H YLHQDV QRU¡MR SDVLYRJWL MRV W MXRN YLVDP J\YHQLPXL EHW QLHNDV QHLãHLGDYR QRUV LU NDåLQ
NDLS VXJXQG\WL VWHQJGDYRVL /LQNVPD QHUÌSHVWLQJD -XUJD LãNOLÌGDYR ODLVYD Lã YLVÐ PHLO¡V SLQNOLÐ LU
GDU VPDJLDX NYDWRGDYR 9LHQDV SR NLWR YDåLXRGDYR MDXQLNLDL VX SLUãOLDLV ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ EHW
QH³VWHQJGDYR DWYDåLXRWL 9RV WLN SULYDåLXRGDYR SULH ãDNRWR 8GUXY¡V HåHUR LU SDW\V QHVXSUDVGDYR NDLS
SDNO\VGDYR QRUV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV Lã WROR SHU P\OL EXYR PDWRPDV
ýLD EÌWD NDåNRNLRV QH³VS¡MDPRV SDVODSWLHV NXUL QHW PDQGULDXVLXV VXNODLGLQGDYR LU QLHNDV
QHJDO¡GDYR VXSUDVWL NDV JL SDJDOLDX SDVWRMD SLUãOLDPV NHOL SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ 1HW JLHGULDXVL
SDYDNDU
VWDLJD NLOGDYR Lã HåHUR UÌNDV NXULV ãYLHVLDXVL GLHQ SDYHUVGDYR WDPVLDXVLD QDNWLPL R SDW\V
DUNOLDL QHåLQLD NR LãVLJDQG
 SDVXNGDYR Lã WLHVDXV NHOLR ³ ãXQNHOLXV LU GLHYDL åLQR NXU QXYHåGDYR DU
HåHUR VVPDXNÐ WLOþLXNDL ² R MÐ EXYR QH YLHQDV EHW VHSW\QL ² VWDLJD GLQJGDYR DU GDU NDåNDV
DWVLWLNGDYR WLNWDL SLUãOLDL XåXRW QXYDåLDY
³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ DWVLGXUGDYR YLVDL NLWRMH 8GUXY¡V
HåHUR SXV¡MH DUED GDU EORJLDX ² þLD SDW SULH PDOÌQR NODPSLRVH 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH NXULRVH OLJL DXãURV
NDQNLQGDYRVL QHUDVGDPL NHOLR R LãDXãXV SDPDW\GDYR NDG SR SO\QLDV SDNDOQ¡MH PXUGRVL LU
NHLNGDPLHVL JU³åGDYR WXãþLRPLV QDPR
2 QXR WR ODLNR NDL YLHQDV YDODNLQLQNR VÌQXV SUDUDGR 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH DUNOLXV LU SDWV YRV
JDOR QHJDYR VX SLUãOLX JLQGDPLHVL QXR YLVRNLÐ ãP¡NOÐ NXULRV MXRV NLDXU QDNW³ YLVDLS GRYLMR LU
NODLGLQR YLOLRGDPRV ³ OLÌQR HNHWHV R SDVNXL NDL NLWDV LãGLGXV VHQEHUQLV VX VDYR SLUãOLX QXYDåLDYR QXR
VWDWDXV VNDUGåLR WLHVLDL ³ 8GUXY¡V HåHU VXGDXå¡ YHåLP LU QXVXNR VSUDQG SDþLDP JHULDXVLDP
DS\OLQN¡V SLUãOLXL NDG WDV QHXåLOJR QHW GLHYXL DWLGDY¡ VDYR PHODJLR GÌãL QLHNDV QHGU³VR QHW LU
GUVLDXVLHML YDåLXRWL VX SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³
.DV þLD EXYR QLHNDV WLNUDL QHåLQRMR 6NOLGR JDQGDL NDG %DOWDUDJLR JUDåXRO¡ GXNUD VXVLG¡MXVL
VX 8GUXY¡V HåHUR ODXP¡PLV LU SDWV YHOQLDV M SDVLGDERM
V .LWL QHW VS¡OLRGDYR NRNV YHOQLDV QH NXULV
QRUV NLWDV WLNWDL SDþLÐ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLDV ² 3LQþXNDV YLVLHPV JHUDL åLQRPDV LU DUWLPLDXVLDV
%DOWDUDJLR NDLP\QDV 'DU NLWL QHQRU¡GDPL WLN¡WL WRNLRPLV SDVNDORPLV WYLUWLQR NDG þLD SDWV W¡YDV
%DOWDUDJLV NDOWDV QHV EHSURWLãNDL P\O¡GDPDV YLHQWXUW
VDYR GXNWHU³ LU EÌGDPDV SDWV UDJDQLXV R NDG
MLV WXUL NDåNRNLÐ UHLNDOÐ VX YHOQLDLV LU NLWRPLV GYDVLRPLV MDX VHQLDL åPRQ¡VH VNOLGR NDOERV WDLVV
YLVRNLXV EXUWXV LU SLQNOHV NDG MDXQLNLDL QHJDO¡WÐ VX SLUãOLDLV DWYDåLXRWL LU Lã MR GXNWHUV SDYHUåWL
.DLS WHQ Lã WLNUÐMÐ EXYR QLHNDV QHåLQRMR WLNWDL -XUJD MXRNGDYRVL LãJLUGXVL WRNLDV NDOEDV R
VHQLV %DOWDUDJLV NDLS åHP¡ W\O¡GDYR -HLJX MDX NDV SULVLVS\U
V NODXVGDYR G¡O SLUãOLÐ VX MDXQLNLDLV
QHODLPLÐ WDL %DOWDUDJLV WLNWDL SHþLDLV SDWUDXNGDYR
² 7XU EÌW SHU GDXJ ³NDXã
EXYR NDG QHDWYDåLDYR ² NDUWDLV MLV DWVDN\GDYR ²0DOÌQDV DQW
NDOQR Lã WROR PDW\WL QHW Lã DQWURV HåHUR SXV¡V 7DL NXU þLD JDOL SDNO\VWL" .DVGLHQ åPRQ¡V ³ PDOÌQ
YDåLXRMD LU QLHNDV QHSDNO\VWD
7DL EXYR WLHVD 9DåLXRN ³ PDOÌQ GLHQ LU QDNW³ ² QLHNDGRV QHSDNO\VL R VX SLUãOLDLV Q¡
QHP¡JLQN ² EÌWLQDL QXVLVXNVL VSUDQG .RG¡O WDLS EXYR QLHNDV QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL 3DWV %DOWDUDJLV
QXPDQ¡ EHW QLHNR QHJDO¡MR SDGDU\WL 2 GXNW¡ NDVGLHQ YLV JUDåHVQ¡ GDU¡VL WLNWDL SLUãOLÐ VX MDXQLNLDLV
QRUV NDUWDLV LU ODXNGDYR EHW QHVXODXNGDYR 7DGD QHMXþLRPLV -XUJRV OLQNVPRVLRV DN\V NDUWDLV
DSVLQLDXNGDYR LU OÌSRVH VXVWLQJGDYR MXRNDV 7DL PDW\GDPDV W¡YDV YLV GDåQLDX XåVLGDU\GDYR PDOÌQH
NDåN JDOYRGDPDV LU QLHNR QHVXJDOYRGDPDV WLNWDL GDU ODELDX SUDåLOGDPDV -LV åLQRMR NDV þLD \UD NDG
SLUãOLDL QHJDOL DWYDåLXRWL LU MHLJX SLUPD SUR SLUãWXV ³ WDL åLÌU¡MR LU QHW SDWHQNLQWDV EXYR WDL GDEDU
NDUWDLV SDPDW
V QXOLÌGXVL GXNWHU³ JUDXå¡VL Lã WR JDLOHVþLR LU W\O¡MR NDLS åHP¡
7DGD YLVD EXUQD SUDNDOE¡MR âYHQGXEU¡V XEDJ\QR VHQPHUJ¡ GDYDWND 8UãXO¡ 3XUYLQDLW¡ NXUL
LOJXV PHWXV J\YHQR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQH LU VX MD WHQDL NHLVWL GDO\NDL DWVLWLNR NXULDLV DQNVþLDX QLHNDV
QHQRU¡MR WLN¡WL %HW GDEDU NDL G¡MRVL WRNLH QHVXSUDQWDPL UHLãNLQLDL GDXJ NDV EXYR OLQN
V SDWLN¡WL QHW
sena davatka.

II

7D GDYDWND 8UãXO¡ WRNLD VXSLQWLMXVL LU SUDUÌJXVL PRWHU¡O¡ DPåLQDL QHSDWHQNLQWD LU SLNWD NDLS
ãLUã¡ YLHQ U\W DXãWDQW VXJU³åXVL YLVD GXPEOLQD Lã 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ SDE¡JR SOÌVGDPDVL Lã %DOWDUDJLR
QDPÐ NXULXRVH QXR VHQÐ ODLNÐ WDUQDYR LU DSVLJ\YHQR âYHQGXEU¡V GDYDWN\QH NDG QHDWVLWLNWÐ GDXJLDX
WRNLÐ EDLVLÐ GDO\NÐ
$SNDOWLQR ML %DOWDUDJ³ NDG MLV VHQDV UDJDQLXV QRU¡M
V M VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV SDGDULXVL
PHUJHO
 LãOHLVWL QH Xå NR NLWR WLNWDL Xå SDWLHV YHOQLR NXULV Lã VHQR 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH J\YHQR LU
3LQþXNR YDUGX YDGLQRVL
.DLS WHQ EXYR ² QHVXSUDVL R LU SDWL 8UãXO¡ QH YLV WHLV\E
VDN¡ QHV LU SDWL QH YLVN VXSUDWR
R MHLJX VXSUDWR WDL VHQPHUJ¡V GURYXPDV SDVDN\WL QHOHLGR 7LNWDL YLHQ GLHQ NDL MDL SULWUÌNR
NDQWU\E¡V EHOVWLV SR VHQR PDOÌQLQLQNR QDPXV Lã WLNUÐMÐ QHWHNR SDVNXWLQ¡V YLOWLHV LãWHN¡WL Xå
%DOWDUDJLR LU SDVLGDU\WL WLNUD PDOÌQLQLQNH DSLH N VHQLDL YHOWXL VYDMRMR DWVLWLNR QXRG¡P¡ ² QHW\þLD
LãVSUÌGR Lã MRV OÌSÐ EDLVXV åRGLV NDG HLWÐ QRUV LU Xå SDWLHV YHOQLR NDG WLN QHUHLN¡WÐ GDXJLDX JDLãWL SDV
%DOWDUDJ³ NXULR QDPXRVH EHUJåGåLDL QXY\WXVL MRV MDXQ\VW¡
7XRV Lã DSPDXGR SDVDN\WXV åRGåLXV QXJLUG
V %DOWDUDJLV NDåNRG¡O DSVLGåLDXJ¡ LU QHW
SUDOLQNVP¡MR NDV VX MXR UHWDL EÌGDYR
² *HUDL ² VDNR ² JDOLX LãSLUãWL 0ÌVÐ NDLP\QDV 3LQþXNDV YLHQDV EH SDþLRV SHON¡VH UÌJVWD
1XVLJDQGXVL 8UãXO¡ SHUVLåHJQRMR LU %DOWDUDJ³ SHUåHJQRMR
² $WVWRN ² VDNR ² $U QHåLQDL NDG DSåDGXV HVX SDGDULXVL VNDLVW\E¡MH J\YHQWL"
7DGD QXVLMXRN¡ %DOWDUDJLV LU OLQNVPDL WDU¡
² 1LHNR ² VDNR ² $SåDGDL DSåDGDLV R NDL SDPDW\VL MDXQLN³ VX SLUãOLDLV WDL XåPLUãL YLVXV
DSåDGXV
6XS\NR 8UãXO¡ LU GDXJLDX QHNDOE¡MR VX %DOWDUDJLX EHW LU %DOWDUDJLV QHSDVLJHGR MRV NDOERV
WLNWDL VDYR GDU¡ 9DLNãþLRMR WRNV SDVODSWLQJDV VX NODVWLQJD ã\SVHQD WDU\WXP N DSJDXWL UHQJGDPDVLV LU
MDX Lã DQNVWR G¡O WR GåLDXJGDPDVLV
7RV NODVWRV QHLOJDL WHNR ODXNWL 3LUP VXEDWYDNDU³ SUDG¡MXV WHPWL SDVLJLUGR SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL
7LH VNDPEDODL YLVDGD 8UãXOHL QXHLGDYR SHU ãLUG³ LU GDEDU ML VXVWRMR YLGXU\MH NLHPR åLÌU¡GDPD ³ NXUL
VRG\E SLUãOLDL SDVXNV $SLH VDYH QHW QHSDJDOYRMR WLNWDL SULVLPLQ¡ YLVDV WXUWLQJLDXVLDV LU JUDåLDXVLDV
3DXGUXY¡V QXRWDNDV EHW åLÌUL ² SLUãOLDL SUR PDOÌQ NDLS WLN SDV MXRV VXND
² $U QHSDNO\GR" ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 8UãXO¡ QHV EXYR DPåLQDL XåVLUÌVWLQXVL DQW SLUãOLÐ NDG Q¡
NDUWR SDV M VX MDXQLNLX QHEXYR DWYDåLDY

%HW WXR PHWX NDL åLRSVRMR QXVWHEXVL 8UãXO¡ LU GåLDXJ¡VL NDG SLUãOLDL SDNO\GR MXRGE¡ULDL
åLUJDL ³O¡N¡ ³ NLHP LU SDDXNVXRWD NDULHWD VXVWRMR SULH UÌWÐ GDUåHOLR
² .DV JL þLD GDEDU" ² QHW QXWLUSR YLVD 8UãXO¡
2 Lã NDULHWRV LãOLSR WRNV ULPWDV VX åLOD EDU]GD SRQDV LU MDXQDV SRQDLWLV VX SUDãPDWQLD
VNU\E¡ODLWH 1XVLOHQN¡ DEXGX 8UãXOHL LU NODXVLD WDV VHQDVLV
² $U QH þLD EXV SRQR %DOWDUDJLR JDUVXVLV GYDUDV"
² 1H SRQR ² VDNR DSPLUGDPD 8UãXO¡ ² WLNWDL %DOWDUDJLR LU QH GYDUDV EHW PDOÌQDV
² 7DL PXPV MR NDLS WLN LU UHLNLD ² VDNR WDV åLODEDU]GLV LU GDU åHPLDX OHQNLDVL ² $U
SULLPVLWH SDNHOHLYLQJXV VYHþLXV"
² /DEDL SUDãRPH ² DWVDN¡ Lã PDOÌQR DWVLUDG
V %DOWDUDJLV ² 6HQLDL PLHOÐ VYHWHOLÐ
laukiame.
1XVLYHG¡ WDGD %DOWDUDJLV QHSDSUDVWXV VYHþLXV ³ VHNO\þL R 8UãXO¡ NDPDURMH SDVLVO¡S¡ EDLVLDL
QHULPDXGDPD $UJL þLD EÌWÐ SDJDOLDX MRV DWYDåLDY
V NDUDODLWLV"
2 WXR WDUSX åLODEDU]GLV SLUãO\V YRV ³åHQJ
V ³ VHNO\þL GDUJL QHSULV¡G
V VWDþLDV SULH GXUÐ
SUDG¡MR VDYR RUDFLM
² 9DåLDYDX SDHåHU¡PLV SUR SHONHV UDGDX DQWLQ¡O³ ² VDNR ² $QWLQ¡OLV NU\NãþLD QHULPDXMD
LHãNR UDLERV DQWHO¡V $U NDUWDLV MRV þLD QHVXUDVLPH"
² 2 NDLSJL ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV LU DWVLYHG¡ 8UãXO
Lã NDPDURV ² $U QH ãLWRV LHãNRWH"
² .DLS WLN WRV SDþLRV ² DWVDN¡ SDWHQNLQWDV SLUãO\V R MDXQLNLV Lã WR GåLDXJVPR NDLS DQWLQDV
VXNU\NãW¡ VXNGDPDV DSOLQNXL UDW
7DGD 8UãXO¡ QXNDLWR NDLS DJXRQD LU åRGåLR SUDWDUWL QHJDOL äYLOJWHO¡MR DNLÐ NDPSHOLX ²
MDXQLNLV JUDåXV QHDSVDNRPDL 6XVSXUG¡MR ãLUGLV R SDWL YRV EHSDVWRYLQWL DQW NRMÐ DN\VH NDåNRNLH
raibuliai.
3DVRGLQR MDXQXRVLXV Xå VWDOR DQW NXULR WXRMDX ERQND DWVLUDGR åDOLD UÌWD XåNLãWD 2 NDLS WHQ
WROLDX VHNO\þLRMH EXYR 8UãXO¡ QHW SDWL WLNUDL QLHNR QHDWVLPHQDQWL WDUVL NYDLWXO\V NRNV EÌWÐ Xå¡M
V DU
JDOYRV EÌWÐ YLVDL QHWHNXVL 'DEDU ML JHUDL VXSUDQWDQWL NDG WDL EXY
V VHQR UDJDQLDXV %DOWDUDJLR LU MR
ELþLXOLR 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLR 3LQþXNR SDGDU\WDV VPRNVODV MRV VNDLVW\EHL SUDåXG\WL
2 WDGD 8UãXO¡ QLHNR QHVXSUDWR O\J DSNYDLãXVL EXYR LU WLNWDL DWVLPHQD NDLS VDOGÐ PLGÐ VX
SLUãOLX LOJDEDU]GåLX Lã NXU WRNV LU DWVLUDGR" J¡U¡ LU ãLUGLV DOSR QXR PHLOLÐ MDXQLNLR åRGåLÐ 7RNLD
ODLPLQJD EXYR NDLS GDU QLHNDGD VDYR J\YHQLPH WLNUDL XåNHU¡WD EXYR LU QHW QHåLQR NDLS LOJDL
YLVNDV WUXNR 7LNWDL Y¡OLDX SULVLPLQ¡ O\J SUR VDSQ NDLS QXR ODLP¡V DSVYDLJXVL Lã¡MR Lã VHNO\þLRV
NDLS YHG¡ M Xå UDQNRV SLUãO\V åLODEDU]GLV R Xå NLWRV MDXQLNDLWLV MDX WRNV JUDåXV WRNV PHLOXV NDG QHL
VDSQH QHVXVDSQXRWXP ,ã SDVNRV O\G¡MR WDV EHVDUPDWLV %DOWDUDJLV ² WROLPDV JLPLQ¡ EHW Xå
SULHãLQLQN EORJHVQLV ² NDåNR SDWHQNLQWDV LU NODVWLQJDL ã\SVRGDPDV EHW 8UãXOHL MLV WDUVL EXY
V
QHEXY
V 7LNWDL LãHLGDPD SDPDW¡ NDLS NDåNRNLXV UDãWXV MDXQLNLV MDP DWLGDY¡ R WDV DSVLGåLDXJ
V
³VLNLãR MXRV ³ XåDQW³ 7XU EÌW WDGD LU SDUGDY¡ MRV VNDLVW\E
 R ML YDUJã¡ QLHNR QHVXSUDWR
7DLS DSVWXOEXVL 8UãXO
SDVRGLQR ³ DXNVLQ
NDULHW ãDOLD MRV Lã GHãLQ¡V SXV¡V DWVLV¡GR SLUãO\V
åLODEDU]GLV R Lã NDLUHV ² MDXQLNLV NDLS GLHPHG¡OLV 1HQXVWRYL SULH JRQNÐ MXRGE¡ULDL åLUJDL DXVLPLV
NDUSR LU DNLPLV åDLEXV VYDLGR 3LUãO\V LU VDNR
² 9DåLXRVLPH XåVDNÐ
² /DLPLQJDL ² SDOLQN¡MR %DOWDUDJLV
-XRGE¡ULDL åLUJDL NDLS VOLELQDL SDãRNR Lã YLHWRV VXGXQG¡MR åHP¡ LU NDULHWD QXO¡N¡ NDLS YLHVXOR
SDJDXWD 1XVLJDQGR LU DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 8UãXO¡ QHVS¡MR Q¡ PHUJDXWLQLÐ DãDUÐ LãYHUNWL 7DLS VWDLJD YLVNDV
³Y\NR
7LNWDL YLVD 8UãXO¡V ODLP¡ NDG Lã WRV EDLP¡V VS¡MR SHUVLåHJQRWL 7DGD VXåDLEDYR GDQJXV
NU\åLXPL LU YLVNDV VWDLJD GLQJR 1HL NDULHWRV QHL SLUãOLR VX MDXQLNLX QHOLNR O\J QLHNDGD QHEXY
 R
QXVLJDQGXVL 8UãXO¡ åLÌUL NDG ML 3LQþXNR OLHNQR YLGXU\MH Lã JHOGRV LãYLUWXVL LU OLJL SDåDVWÐ ³ PDXUXV
³VPXNXVL 2 GDU NDåNDV EDLVLDL WUDXNLD M Xå NRMÐ YLVDL QXJUDP]GLQWL QRU¡GDPDV
7DGD VXSUDWR 8UãXO¡ Xå NR QRU¡MR %DOWDUDJLV M LãOHLVWL LU SUDG¡MR ãDXNWLV YLVÐ ãYHQWÐMÐ
XåWDULPR R \SDWLQJDL VNDLVþLDXVLRV âYHQGXEU¡V PHUJHO¡V NXULDL EXYR SDGDULXVL DSåDGXV LU NXUL
JORERMR QHNDOWDV PHUJHOHV LU VDXJRMR MÐ VNDLVW\E
 %HW âYHQGXEU¡ EXYXVL SHU WROL R JDO WRG¡O NDG
EXYR WDPVL DXGULQJD QDNWLV ³ 8UãXO¡V ãDXNVP DWVLOLHS¡ WLNWDL SUDJDULãNDV NYDWRMLPDV LU ML VDYR
DNLPLV SDPDW¡ 3DXGUXY¡V OLÌQR YHOQL 3LQþXN
² âDXN QHãDXN ² VDNR MLV VWDLJD NDLS ãP¡NOD DWVLUDG
V ² QLHNR Lã WR QHEXV 7X PDQ VHQLDL
HVL SDåDG¡WD LU PDQR EÌVL
3LQþXNDV QRU¡MR VDYR VXåDG¡WLQ
PHLOLDL DSVLNDELQWL LU SDEXþLXRWL EHW 8UãXO¡ M³ SLNWDL DWVWÌP¡
² .DLS WDYR" ² QHMXRNDLV VXS\NR ² .DV WDX JDO¡MR PDQH SDåDG¡WL"
² .DV SDåDG¡MR WDV åRG³ LãWHV¡MR R WX QHVLVWXPG\N ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV LU O\J NLELQGDPDV DU
SDHU]LQGDPDV ³åÌOLDL WUÌNWHO¡MR 8UãXO
Xå ãLPWDNYROGåLR VLMRQR
7DL EXYR 3LQþXNR QHGRYDQRWLQDV ³åÌOXPDV Xå N MLV WHLVLQJDL EXYR QXEDXVWDV 3DVLSLNWLQXVL
8UãXO¡ VWDLJD DSVLVXNR WYLHVN¡ WRN³ DQWDXV³ NDG 3LQþXNDV VXNOXSR VLMRQDV Xå UDJÐ XåVLNDELQR LU
XåVLPRY¡ DQW JDOYRV 1XVLJDQG
V 3LQþXNDV QRU¡MR NXR JUHLþLDX LãWUÌNWL Lã SR ãLPWDNYROGåLR VLMRQR EHW
NDLS W\þLD VNXE¡GDPDV GDU ODELDX ³VLSDLQLRMR NORVW¡VH LU VXJULXYR SR 8UãXO¡V NRMRPLV
7DL 8UãXO¡ QLHNR QHODXNGDPD QRUV LU OLNXVL EH YLUãXWLQLR ãLPWDNYROGåLR VLMRQR ODLP¡
GHY\QLV EXYR XåVLVHJXVL WLNWDL EDLVLDL ³WÌåXVL XåNÌU¡ WRNL SLUW³ 3LQþXNXL NDG WDV XQNãW¡ LU SUXQNãW¡
EHW QHJDO¡MR Lã SR VLMRQR LãWUÌNWL *DO EÌW 8UãXO¡ EÌWÐ YLVDL XåQLXUNLXVL 3LQþXN EHW WDV QHWXU¡GDPDV
NXU G¡WLV SUDSO¡ã¡ VLMRQR NORVWHV LU VPXNR ³ OLÌQR GXJQ WUDXNGDPDV SDVNXL LU 8UãXO

3DJDOLDX 8UãXO¡ JULP]GDPD ³ OLHNQ NDLUH UDQND QXVLWY¡U¡ Xå NDGXJLR NUÌPR R GHãLQH
LãWUDXN¡ Lã PDXUÐ YLV GXPEOLQ 3LQþXN 1RU¡MR GDU NDUW M³ SULþLXSWL EHW WDV LãWUÌNR LU ODNVW¡
DSOLQNXL F\SGDPDV LU XQN]GDPDV EHW YLV GDU QHDWVWRGDPDV 7DGD 8UãXO¡ SDVNXWLQ¡PLV M¡JRPLV
LãVLNDSVW¡ Lã OLHNQR QXVL¡P¡ QXR NDNOR URåDQþLÐ VX ãNDSOLHULDLV LU SUDG¡MR MDLV ãYHLVWL 3LQþXN NXU
SDNOLÌYD SHU DNLV SHU UDJXV SHU ãRQXV LU SHU SDNLQNLXV 7DV UDLW¡VL NDLS DQW åDULMÐ ODNVW¡ SR OLHNQ
NDLS DNLV LãGHJ
V EHW ³VLVPDJLQXVL 8UãXO¡ Q¡ SHU åLQJVQ³ QHDWVWRMR 9DLN¡VL NOXSGDPD SR SHONHV
ãYHQWLQR URåDQþLXPL LU YLVDLS JDUELQR NDG YDUJãDV YHOQLXNDV SDJDOLDX QHLãWXU¡MR QXVLNHLN¡ LU WDU¡
² 7UDXN WDYH GHY\QLRV WRNL UDJDQ 1HQRULX Dã WDY
V GDXJLDX 7LNWDL DWVWRN WX QXR PDQ
V
² $ã WDX DWVWRVLX ² SDVLSLNWLQR 8UãXO¡ LU JULHE¡ 3LQþXN Xå UDJÐ
8UãXO¡ QRU¡MR GDU NDUW XåPHVWL MDP DQW JDOYRV ãLPWDNYROG³ VXGUDVN\W VLMRQ XåQHUWL DQW
NDNOR URåDQþLÐ LU QXVLYHVWL SDV %DOWDUDJ³ NDG SDPDW\WÐ WDV EHJ¡GLV NRN³ MDXQLN³ MDL QRU¡M
V LãSLUãWL
%HW þLD NDLPH JDLGåLDL SUDJ\GR 3LQþXNDV SDVLPXLVW¡ LU GLQJR NDLS QHEXY
V 8UãXO¡V GHOQH SDVLOLNR
WLNWDL NDåNRNLD åLHY¡ O\J QXR NDGXJLR ãDNQLHV R VLMRQDV XåVLNDELQ
V Xå NUÌPR WHQ LU OLNR . VX MXR
YHLNVL YHOQLR VXWHUãWX LU VXGUDVN\WX" 1XPHW¡ LU åLHY
QXVLVSLRYXVL
3DVNXL 8UãXO¡ GDU OLJL DXãURV NODPSRMR SR 3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV EDLVLDL ãLUVGDPD LU QHJDO¡GDPD
LãVLNDSVW\WL 7LNWDL SUDãYLWXV ³VLXWXVL NDLS UDJDQD LU YLVD SXUYLQD OLJL NHOLÐ SDVLNDLãLXVL OLNXVLXV
VLMRQXV VXJU³åR ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
%DOWDUDJLR ODLP¡ NDG ODLNX LãJLUGR SDUGÌNVWDQþL Lã SHONLÐ GDYDWN EÌWÐ JDO QHLãJLUG
V MHLJX
QH DQNVþLDX SDUE¡JXVLR 3LQþXNR LãJVWLV VS¡MR SDVLVO¡SWL PDOÌQH LU GXULV Lã YLGDXV XåVLUHPWL %ÌWÐ
MDP NOLXY
QH PDåLDX NDLS 3LQþXNXL R JDO LU GDXJLDX ² Xå QXY\WXVL MDXQ\VW
LU ELDXUÐ
SDVLW\þLRMLP
6XJU³åXVL 8UãXO¡ QHJDO¡GDPD ³ PDOÌQ ³VLYHUåWL LU VDYR DSPDXGR DQW QHSULHWHOLDXV JDOYRV
QXJLHåWL SDVLDXW¡MR WLNWDL SR NLHP VX YLVDLV SUDNHLNVPDLV R SDVNXL O\J DWVLSHLN¡MXVL QXE¡JR ³ WURE
VXVLULãR VDYR GUDEXåLXV ³ SXQGHO³ LU WHNLQD SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL ³ SDNDOQ
âYHQGXEU¡V OLQNXL %¡JR YLV GDU
DWVLJU³åGDPD LU NDLULRVLRV UDQNRV VXSLQWLMXVLD NXPãWLPL JUDVLQGDPD PDOÌQR SXV¡Q R WRNLD SDW
GHãLQLMD ² åHJQRMR LU SOÌGRVL YLVÐ NHLNVPÐ NHLNVPDLV
² 9LVDL SDVLXWR GDYDWND ² JDOYRMR %DOWDUDJLV åLÌU¡GDPDV SUR PDOÌQR YLUãXWLQ³ ODQJHO³ ³
WROVWDQþL 8UãXO
 ² 0DW\W Q¡ YHOQLDV QH³VWHQJLD MRV SDJULHEWL

III

3R WR QHOHPWR DWVLWLNLPR 8UãXO¡ QXE¡JXVL ³ âYHQGXEU

 SDVNOHLG¡ DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ EÌWÐ QHEÌWÐ
JDQGÐ NXULDLV WDþLDX QLHNDV QHQRU¡MR WLN¡WL 3HUGDXJ MDX NHLVWL MLH EXYR
7LNWDL YLHQDV âYHQGXEU¡V NOHERQDV %RQLIDFDV %RELQDV JDO EÌWÐ ULPWDL LãNODXV
V 8UãXO¡V
SDVDNRMLP QHV YLV ODLN UHQJ¡VL SUDG¡WL åÌWEÌWLQ
NRY VX EXUWDLV LU SULHWDUDLV WHNR MDP WRNLD
SDEDOLÐ PLãNÐ LU HåHUÐ SDUDSLMD YHOQLDYRV DSV¡VWD EHW YLV QHSULVLUHQJ¡ SDJDOLDX SDVHQR LU SDWV NDLS
ERED ³WLN¡MR MÐ QH³YHLNLDPD JDO\EH 7DLJL WLNWDL MLV YLHQDV JDO¡MR SULGHUDQþLDL LãNODXV\WL 8UãXO
LU
WLQNDPDL ³YHUWLQWL MRV QXWLNLP EHW LU MLV WLNUD QHODLP¡ SHUHLW QDNW³ EXYR SUDVLNRUWDY
V VX DS\OLQN¡V
QXVXVXVLDLV ãO¡NWRPLV WDL YLVDL QHWXU¡MRÌSR EH WR LU PLHJR ODEDL QRU¡MR
%XYR DQNVW\YDV SDYDVDULR U\WDV NDL 8UãXO¡ WLHVLDL Lã %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR DWE¡JR ³ NOHERQLM VX
WD EDLVLD åLQLD 3UR PXU]LQ ODQJHO³ VNYHUE¡VL VDXO¡V VSLQGXO\V DSOLQNXL ]LU]¡ PXV¡V R YRUDV NDPSH
WLQNO VSHQG¡ $QW VWDOR P¡W¡VL LãEODãN\WRV NRUWRV R NU¡VOH NOHERQDV NQDUN¡ NDG QHW ODQJDL WLUW¡MR
² 7HJXO EXV SDJDUELQWDV² WDU¡ 8UãXO¡ SUDY¡UXVL GXULV EHW MDL DWVLOLHS¡ WLNWDL NOHERQR
knarkimas.
.UÌSWHO¡MXVL 8UãXO¡ QRU¡MR VSUXNWL DWJDO EHW VWDLJD VXVLJULHE¡ NXU ML YDUJã¡ G¡VLV WRNLRMH
QHODLP¡MH" SDVLG¡MR U\ãXO¡O³ SULH GXUÐ LU SULVOLQNR DUþLDX .OHERQDV NQDUN¡ LãVLåLRM
V R PXV¡V ]XMR
DSOLQN EXUQ O\J QRU¡GDPRV ³VNULVWL ³ JDUJDOLXRMDQþL JHUNO
LU ELMRGDPRV WHQ SUDVPHJWL 8UãXO¡
PRVWHOHMR UDQND EDLG\GDPD PXVHV R NOHERQDV QXVWRMR NQDUN
V LU DSVLGDLU¡ PLUNV¡GDPDV
$SVLGåLDXJXVL 8UãXO¡ SDEXþLDYR NOHERQXL UDQN LU SUDG¡MR SDVDNRWL DSLH YLVR VDYR DPåLDXV
VNULDXGDV LU NHLVW QXWLNLP %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQH
² *LUG¡MDX DSLH W %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ ² QXVLåLRYDYR NOHERQDV LU SHUWUDXN¡ 8UãXO¡V
SDVDNRMLP ² 0DW\W YHOQLR YHLVO¡ VXND WHQ OL]G
² 7LNULDXVLDL ² SDWYLUWLQR 8UãXO¡
² $U QH WRG¡O MLV WDYH LU QRU¡MR LãOHLVWL" ² SDåLÌU¡MR DSVLEODXV
V NOHERQDV ³ 8UãXO
LU OLÌGQDL
SDOLQJDYR JDOYD ² 0DW\W VXVLJLPLQLXRWL QRU¡MR
² 2 NDLSJL ² QXGåLXJR 8UãXO¡ LU LãYHUW¡ DNLV NDLS NXNXOLXV ² 1H NLWDLS þLD LU EXYR
 6WDLJD 8UãXOHL YLVNDV SDDLãN¡MR O\J DQW GHOQR LU ML XåVLPRMR Y¡O Lã HLO¡V NOHERQXL DSVDN\WL EHW
åLÌUL ² WDV NQDEWHO¡MR QRVLP LU XåPLJR äLRSWHO¡MR 8UãXO¡ LU VXVWRMR R NOHERQDV Y¡O ¡P¡ NQDUNWL
*HU SXVYDODQG³ SUDVWRY¡MR 8UãXO¡ SULH NQDUNLDQþLR NOHERQR QHåLQRGDPD N GDU\WL %DLVLDL
OLHåXY³ MDL QLHå¡MR YLVN LNL JDOR LãSDVDNRWL WLN ELMRMR NOHERQ åDGLQWL 3DJDOLDX NQDUNGDPDV NOHERQDV
Lã WR PLHJR VDOGXPR YRV OLHåXYLR QHSUDULMR R 8UãXOHL SDVLURG¡ O\J NDåN GDU SDVDN\WL QRU¡WÐ -L
JUHLWDL SDVLOHQN¡ LU SDEXþLDYR MDP UDQN
² . VDNDL NOHERQ¡OL" ² SDNODXV¡
.OHERQDV Y¡O DWPHUN¡ DNLV LU SDPDW
V SDVLOHQNXVL SULH MR PRWHU¡O
 SDJDOYRMR NDG Lã
GDYDWN\QR EXV NXUL DW¡MXVL MR WUXNG\WL WDG UÌVþLDL VXVLUDXN¡ LU WDU¡
² .R þLD DW¡MDL" (LN VDX ³ GDYDWN\Q LU VPLUVN
8UãXO¡ YLVDL VXPLãR LU QHåLQRMR N VDN\WL 7DL SDVL¡P¡ VDYR U\ãXO¡O³ LU EXYR EHHLQDQWL SUR
GXULV EHW NOHERQDV O\J NDåN SULVLPLQ
V M VXVWDEG¡
² 3DOD DU QH DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ WX PDQ QRU¡MDL NDåN SDVDN\WL"
² 2 NDLSJL NOHERQ¡OL ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 8UãXO¡ LU VXVWRMR SULH GXUÐ ² $SLH W SDW³ YHOQLÐ
UDJDQLÐ
² 1D LU N JL SDSDVDNRVL" ² VXVLGRP¡MR NOHERQDV
² 2JL ãWDL N ² 8UãXO¡ SDVLG¡MR U\ãXO¡O³ SULH GXUÐ SUL¡MR SULH NOHERQR SDEXþLDYR DELGYL
UDQNDV LU SUDG¡MR Lã QDXMR VDYR LVWRULM .OHERQDV NODXV¡ NODXV¡ LU Y¡O MDP Xå¡MR PLHJDV
² *HUDL ² VDNR MLV ² äLQDX *DOL VDX HLWL 2 Dã SDJDOYRVLX N þLD UHLNV GDU\WL
² %HW NXU Dã HLVLX NOHERQ¡OL" ² QXVLPLQ¡ 8UãXO¡
— Kaip tai kur? — nesuprato klebonas. — Nagi namo.
² 1HJDOLX Dã JU³åWL SDV W UDJDQLÐ
² $N ãLWDLS ² VXSUDWR NOHERQDV² 1D WDL VDNLDX HLN ³ GDYDWN\Q
8UãXO¡ SDG¡NRMR LU Lã¡MR R NOHERQDV LU Y¡O XåPLJR YLVDL XåPLUãGDPDV QH WLN NHLVW DWVLWLNLP
MR SDUDSLMRMH EHW LU SDþL 8UãXO
 WR DWVLWLNLPR GDO\Y

2 8UãXO¡ QXR WR ODLNR DSVLJ\YHQR GDYDWN\QH WDUS SLNWÐ NDLS ãLUã¡V UXGHQ³ GDYDWNÐ LU QHWXU¡MR
QHL ODLNR QHL SURJRV DSLH VDYH NOHERQXL SULPLQWL 7HNR YLV ODLN NRYRWL YLVRPLV NHWXULRPLV 0DW
8UãXO¡ QRUV LU QH S¡VþLD EXYR EHW LU WHQ UDLWÐ DWVLUDGR WDLJL EXYR VX NXR VXVLUHPWL 7LN 8UãXO¡ EÌWÐ
EXYXVL QH 8UãXO¡ MHLJX QHEÌWÐ ODLP¡MXVL 3R NXULR ODLNR QX¡MR GDYDWNRV SDV NOHERQ VNÐVWLV YHOQLR
QXRWDND WDLS YDUJã
8UãXO
þLD QHWHLVLQJDL SUDPLQ¡ EHW WD SUDYDUG¡ WDLS MDL LU SULOLSR OLJL JUDER
OHQWRV SHU NXUL QHE¡UD J\YHQLPR GDYDWN\QH
— Kokia velnio nuotaka? — nesuprato klebonas.
² 2JL WD NXUL %DOWDUDJLV OHLGR Xå YHOQLR LU QHLãOHLGR
.OHERQDV EXYR YLVLãNDL XåPLUã
V W QHSDSUDVW ³Y\N³ MR SDUDSLMRMH DSLH NXU³ MDP WDGD
XåVLPLHJRMXVLDP 8UãXO¡ QHJDO¡MR YLVN OLJL JDOR LãDLãNLQWL 'DEDU WDL SDGDU¡ NLWRV GDYDWNRV %HW MRV
¡P¡ Lã GHãLPWÐ OXSÐ LU YLVN VXSDLQLRMR
² *HUDL ² SDVDN¡ NOHERQDV GDYDWNRPV ² ,ãWLUVLX W UHLNDO
%HW SULåDG¡MR LU XåPLUãR $U PDåD NOHERQXL UÌSHVþLÐ" 7LNWDL NDUW SDVWHE¡M
V SHUGDXJ MDX
XROLDL NHOLDNOXSVþLDXMDQþL GDYDWN LU QHJDO¡GDPDV DWVLPLQWL NXU M PDW
V VXVWDEG¡ LU SDNODXV¡
² 3DOD NR Dã þLD QRU¡MDX WDY
V SDNODXVWL"
6WDLJD XåNOXSWD 8UãXO¡ SDJDOYRMR DU QH GDYDWNRV EXV M ³VNXQGXVLRV EHW VXVLJULHE¡ LU DWVDN¡
² $U QH DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ NOHERQ¡OL"
² 7DLJL WDLJL DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ ² DWVLPLQ¡ NOHERQDV ² .DLS MLV WHQ GDEDU"
² 1HåLQDX NOHERQ¡OL ² DWVDN¡ 8UãXO¡ LU GLHYREDLPLQJDL DNLV QXOHLGR QHV EXYR MDX JHUDL
SUDPRNXVL GDYDWN\VW¡V GRU\ELÐ
² 7DL UHLNLD VXåLQRWL ² SDVDN¡ NOHERQDV LU QX¡MR QHSDWHQNLQWDV NDP MLV W GDYDWN
XåNDOELQR
7DV NOHERQR XåVLPLQLPDV SDVRGLQR 8UãXO
NDLS DQW EDOQR 'DYDWN\QR EDUQLDL LU ULHWHQRV MDX
VHQLDL EXYR MDL QXVLERGXVLRV GDEDU GDYDWNRV GUHE¡GDYR NDL ML QHW QHSUDVLåLRMXVL WLNWDL DNLPLV
VXåDLEXRGDYR R EDåQ\þLRV YLVXV NDPSXV MDX NHOLDVGHãLPW NDUWÐ EXYR NHOLDNOXSVþLDLV DS¡MXVL 5HLN¡MR
NR QRUV SUDVLPDQ\WL R þLD VHQD åDL]GD DWJLMR 3UDG¡MR ULQNWL DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ YLVRNLXV JDQGXV LU SDVNDODV
NODXVLQ¡WL åPRQLÐ EHW LOJDL QLHNR QDXMR QHJDO¡MR VXåLQRWL QHL DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ QHL DSLH MR PDOÌQ
.DUWDLV åPRQ¡V WLNWDL SDVLMXRNGDYR Lã MRV EHQH 3LQþXNR SDVLLOJXVL LU åDGDQWL VXJU³åWL" 8UãXO¡ WLN
SHUåHJQRGDYR LU LãSOÌVGDYR Xå WRN³ DWVDN\P R SDVNXL YLHQ NDUW ¡ P¡ LU LãJLUGR NDG %DOWDUDJLR
PDOÌQDV VXNDVL EH Y¡MR
² ýLD WDL MDX WLNUDL NDåNRNLH QDXML EXUWDL ² Lã NDUWR VXSUDWR 8UãXO¡ LU ¡P¡VL YHLNWL
3LUP W\OL GLHQ NDL QHEXYR MRNLR Y¡MHOLR WXRMDX SR U\WLQLÐ SDPDOGÐ 8UãXO¡ LãE¡JR
SDVLWLNULQWL DU Lã WLNUÐMÐ WDLS \UD NDLS åPRQ¡V NDOED
1HWROL WHNR E¡JWL 1XR SLUPR NDOQHOLR MDX Lã WROR SDPDW¡ NDLS %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV PRVXRMD
VSDUQDLV QRUV EXYR YLVLãNDL W\OX LU PHGåLÐ Q¡ ODSDV QHãODP¡MR 1HOLNR MRNLÐ DEHMRQLÐ 7DL SDUE¡JR
XåGXVXVL LU WLHVLDL SDV NOHERQ
² .OHERQ¡OL ² ³SXROXVL VDNR ² %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV VXNDVL
— Tai kas, kad sukasi? — nesuprato klebonas.
² %HWJL EH Y¡MR NOHERQ¡OL ² SDDLãNLQR 8UãXO¡
² .DLS WDL EH Y¡MR" ² QXVWHER NOHERQDV
² 1DJL WDLS EH Y¡MR LU VXNDVL ² QRU¡MR SDURG\WL 8UãXO¡ NDLS PDOÌQDV VXNDVL EHW WLNWDL
GXONHV VLMRQX VXN¡O¡ ² 9¡O QDXMXV EXUWXV WDV UDJDQLXV SUDVLPDQ¡
² 5HLNV LãWLUWL ² VXWLNR NOHERQDV ² -HL N QDXMR VXåLQRVL SDVDN\N PDQ
%HW 8UãXO¡ QRUV Lã NDLOLR Q¡U¡VL QLHNR QDXMR QHJDO¡MR VXåLQRWL 0DOÌQDV WLNWDL VXNDVL EH Y¡MR
LU WLHN .DV M³ WHQ VXSDLV\V 7DL LU NOHERQDV QRUV LU QRU¡MR YLVN LãWLUWL NDLS UHLNLD QHWXU¡MR N GDU\WL
%H WR þLD EDåQ\þLD LU ÌNLV þLD NRUWRV þLD VLV þLD WDV LU XåVLPLUãR NOHERQDV NDG WRNV QHSDSUDVWDV
PDOÌQLQLQNDV J\YHQD MR SDUDSLMRMH
7LNWDL SDVNXL NDL SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ SUDG¡MR YDåLXRWL SLUãOLDL LU QLHNDLS QHJDO¡GDYR
DWYDåLXRWL 8UãXO¡ QRUV LU VSDUWL EXYR PRWHU¡O¡ QHVS¡GDYR ULQNWL JDQGÐ LU VX MDLV E¡JLRWL SDV NOHERQ
.OHERQDV Lã SUDGåLÐ NODXV¡VL VWHE¡MRVL åDG¡MR LãWLUWL LU SDJDOYRWL R SDVNXL VWDLJD QHL Lã ãLR QHL Lã WR
VXS\NR WUHSWHO¡MR NRMD NDG QHW JULQG\V VXGUHE¡MR LU SUDELOR
² $WVWRN WX QXR PDQ
V VX VDYR %DOWDUDJLX 1LHNR GDXJLDX Dã DSLH M³ QHQRULX JLUG¡WL
1XVLPLQXVL 8UãXO¡ DQWU NDUW Lã¡MR Lã NOHERQLMRV LU QHEHåLQRMR N GDU\WL 2 JDQGDL DSLH
%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ YLV ODELDX LU SODþLDX VNOLGR 7LNUDV SDVDXOLR JDODV DUW¡MR EHW N þLD YLHQD 8UãXO¡
JDO¡MR SDGDU\WL"

IV

8UãXO¡ JHUDL åLQRMR NDG þLD %DOWDUDJLR LU MR ELþLXOLR 3LQþXNR NODVWLQJL GDUEDL WLNWDL QHJDO¡MR
VXSUDVWL NDP WLH QDXML EXUWDL 3DJDOLDX VXSUDWR LU SDWL VDX SHU NDNW GHOQX VXGDY¡
² .RNLD Dã NYDLOD QRUV LU VHQD GDYDWND 1H EH UHLNDOR LU NOHERQDV DQW PDQ
V VXS\NR -XN WDL
QH NDV NLWD NDLS WDV SUDNHLNWDV %DOWDUDJLV QHSULYHLN
V PDQ
V LãOHLVWL Xå 3LQþXNR MDP VDYR GXNWHU³
SULåDG¡MR R WDV VXND MDP PDOÌQ EH Y¡MR .LWDLS LU EÌWL QHJDOL 0DQH LãJHOE¡MR VNDLVþLDXVL DSåDGDL R
ML YDUJãHO¡ SDVPHUNWD DPåLQDL SUDåÌWL ,U NDLS Dã WR QHVXSUDWDX Lã NDUWR"
6WHE¡MRVL 8UãXO¡ VDYLPL LU NLWLHPV VNHOE¡ %DOWDUDJLR VX 3LQþLXNX EXUWÐ XåPDþLDV LU SLNWXV
GDUEXV 7LNWDL SDWL QHåLQRMR LU NLWLHPV EXYR QHDLãNX DU GåLDXJLDVL WXR 8UãXO¡ DU SLNWLQDVL 7RNV
GåLDXJVPDV LU SDVLSLNWLQLPDV Lã NDUWR EXYR M SDJDY
V NDL ³VS¡MR WDULDP %DOWDUDJLR LU 3LQþXNR
VPRNVO
2 -XUJRV 8UãXO¡ Lã SDW PDåHQV QHNHQW¡ 9LV VHQPHUJ¡V WXOå³ DQW MRV LãOLHGDYR NDL
nematydavo Baltaragis.
7RG¡O LU VHQDV QDãO\V QHEÌWÐ MDL OLN
V VNROLQJDV MHLJX QHW Xå SDWLHV YHOQLR EÌWÐ M LãOHLG
V
*HUDL åLQRMR 8UãXO¡ NRG¡O MRV %DOWDUDJLV QHNHQW¡ LU WDLS QHJUDåLDL Lã VDYR QDPÐ LãJ\YHQGLQR
7DL GDEDU 8UãXO¡ QHW DSVLGåLDXJ¡ NDL VXåLQRMR NDG MRV QHP¡JLDPD SRGXNUD WDLS 8UãXO¡
NDUWDLV YDGLQGDYR -XUJ WXUL SUDåÌWL
² 7DLS MDL LU UHLNLD ² QH NDUW SDWL VDX SDVDN\GDYR LU JDLO¡GDYRVL NDG WDLS SODþLDL
SDVNOHLGXVL SDVODSW³ ² 9HOQLDV PRWLQ SULSLUãR YHOQLDV LU GXNWHU³ SDJULHEV
%HW SDJDOLDX SUDG¡MR 8UãXO
VåLQ¡ JUDXåWL 1RU¡MR NOHERQXL VDYR PLUãWDP QHDS\NDQW
SULVLSDåLQWL EHW WDV LU Lã WROR MRV QHSULVLOHLVGDYR 7DLS YDUJãXL %RELQXL ³N\U¡MR 8UãXO¡V %DOWDUDJLV G¡O
NXULR MLV QRUV LU QHPDåDL VQÌGXULDYR EHW QLHNR QHVXJDOYRMR LU WDU¡ WHJX SUDVPHQJD MLV VX WD 8UãXOH
tiktai jam galvos nekvaršina.
2 SDEXGXVL 8UãXO¡V VåLQ¡ QHGDY¡ MDL UDP\E¡V 9LVDV MRV J\YHQLPDV SDVLURG¡ MDL HVV EDLVL
QXRG¡P¡ MXN QHNHQW¡ -XUJRV WLNWDL WRG¡O NDG SHU MRV PRWLQ QHJDO¡MR LãWHN¡WL Xå %DOWDUDJLR LU ML
SDVLU\åR NLOQLX GDUEX LãSLUNWL VDYR PLUãWDP QXRG¡P
 1HEORJRV ãLUGLHV PRWHU¡O¡V YLV G¡OWR EÌWD WRV
8UãXO¡V
7DLS SDVLU\åXVL SLUP VHNPDGLHQ³ DWVLVWRMR 8UãXO¡ ERELQþLXMH SULH GXUÐ LU NDL ¡MR Lã
EDåQ\þLRV -XUJD WLNUD EHJ¡G¡ GDU QHLã¡MXVL Lã EDåQ\þLRV MDX VYDLG¡ ³ EHUQXV åYLOJVQLXV LU ãDLS¡VL
WLPSWHO¡MR M Xå VLMRQR LU SDNXåG¡MR
² 'XNUHOH WXULX VX WDYLP SDVLNDOE¡WL
-XUJD VX SDãDLSD JU³åWHO¡MR SUR SHþLXV ³ 8UãXO
LU JDUVLDL WDU¡
² 2 N Dã VX WDYLP WHWXOH NDOE¡VLX" 3LQþXNDV ODXNLD WDYR PHLOLÐ åRGåLÐ LU QHVXODXNLD R Dã LU
EH MÐ DSVLHLVLX
6XS\NR 8UãXO¡ LãJLUGXVL WRNLXV DWãLDXULXV åRGåLXV EHW LU Y¡O DWVLOHLGR SULVLPLQXVL VDYR
PLUãWDP QXRG¡P
 3ULHYDUWD QXVLWHPS¡ -XUJ ³ QXRãDOL YLHW SULH YDUSLQ¡V LU LãG¡VW¡ MDL YLVDV
EDLV\EHV NRNLRV M LãWLNV MHLJX QHSDNODXV\VLDQWL -XUJD Lã SUDGåLÐ NODXV¡VL QHNDQWUDXGDPD R SDVNXL
VSULQJGDPD MXRNX ULPWDL WDU¡
² 7DL N Dã WHWXOH WXULX GDU\WL NDG QHSUDåÌþLDX"
1XãYLWR WDGD YLVRV UDXNãOHO¡V 8UãXO¡V YHLGH YLHQ WLN SDJDOYRMXV NDG MDX LãSLUNXVL VDYR
GLGåLM QXRG¡P
LU -XUJ LãJHOE¡MXVL
² 'DU\N PHUJHOH VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV ² SDVDN¡ QXGåLXJXVL 8UãXO¡ ² 6XVLåLHGXRN VX
-XR]DSX VNDLVþLDXVLX WLNWDL WDGD JDO¡VL EÌWL LãJHOE¡WD
² ,U ³VWRN
³ GDYDWN\Q ² SULG¡MR -XUJD VSURJGDPD QXR YRV VXODLNRPR MXRNR
³ GDYDWN\Q ² ULPWDL SULWDU¡ 8UãXO¡ R -XUJD QHLãODLN¡ LU QXVLNYDWRMR
² *DOL LU
² 1HJDOLX WHWXOH ² DWVDN¡ ² 0DQ EHUQDL WDLS SDWLQND NDG QHW ãLUGLV VXYLUSD NDL JUDåÐ
EHUQ SDPDWDX 1HLãWXU¡VLX Q¡ YLHQRV GLHQRV GDYDWN\QH 'DU\N N QRUL WHWXOH WLNWDL QH GDYDWN\QDV
$WVLGXVR WDGD 8UãXO¡ PDWR ² QLHNR QHLãHLV EHW YLV G¡OWR SDVNXWLQ¡V YLOWLHV GDU QHSUDUDGR LU
pagraudeno:
² *DLO¡VLHV GXNUHOH WLNWDL EXV SHU Y¡OX 7¡YDV LãOHLV WDYH Xå 3LQþXNR WDGD DPåLQDL SUDåÌVL
-XUJD WDUVL QXVLJDQGR WDUVL VXSUDWR QXVWRMR NYDWRMXVL VXULPW¡MR WLNWDL YHOQLXNDL DN\VH ODNVW¡
² $U JDOL WDLS EÌWL WHWXOH" ² SDNODXV¡
² -XN PDQH QRU¡MR Xå MR LãOHLVWL SDWL åLQDL ² 8UãXO¡ OLÌGQDL SDPDNV¡MR JDOYD NDLS QXYDU\WDV
arklys.
² $U WX PDWHL W 3LQþXN"²Y¡O ULPWDL SDNODXV¡ -XUJD
² 2 NDLSJL 9LHQRMH NDULHWRMH XåVDNÐ YDåLDYDX ² ULPWDL DWVDN¡ 8UãXO¡
² ,U QHQXYDåLDYDL"
² 1HQXYDåLDYDX ² DWVLGXVR 8UãXO¡ ² 6NDLVW\E¡V DSåDGDL LãJHOE¡MR
² 'DEDU WDL VXSUDQWX WHWXOH ² YLVLãNDL ULPWDL SULWDU¡ -XUJD ² NDV YDNDUDLV 3DXGUXY¡V
SHON¡VH GÌVDXMD NDG QHW JUDXGX GDURVL 7DL MLV YDUJãDV YLV WDY
V ODXNLD LU QHVXODXNLD 3DVLJDLO¡WXP
WHWXOH LU HLWXP NDUW Xå MR QHVLRåLDYXVL -XN WDLS DU NLWDLS R MR VXåDG¡WLQ¡ HVL
² . WX NDOEL GXNUHOH" ² QHVXSUDWR 8UãXO¡ ULPWDL VX MD NDOED DU ³ DNLV MXRNLDVL
² 7RNLXV SDW QLHNXV NDLS LU WX ² DWVDN¡ -XUJD LU QX¡MR NYDWRGDPD
$WVLGXVR 8UãXO¡ QRU¡MR GDU SDJUDXGHQWL EHW WLNWDL VX SLNWX SULHNDLãWX DN\VH SDO\G¡MR -XUJ
QLHNR GDXJLDX QHSDVDNLXVL QRUV LU EDLVLDL QLHå¡MR OLHåXY³
² 3UDåXYR DPåLQDL ² SDVNXL VX DSPDXGX WDU¡ SDWL VDX LU LãVLWUDXN¡ URåDQþLÐ NDG
QXVLUDPLQWÐ
1X¡MR ³ EDåQ\þL YDUVW\GDPD URåDQþLÐ LU JDOYRGDPD MDX QH DSLH -XUJ EHW DSLH WDL DU LãSLUNR
VDYR PLUãWDP QXRG¡P
 DU QHLãSLUNR 3DJDOLDX QXVLUDPLQR NDG VX NDXSX LãO\JLQR YLVR VDYR
J\YHQLPR QXRG¡PLQJ QHDS\NDQW NXR ML NDOWD MHL WD Y¡MDYDLN¡ QHSDNODXV¡" LU SUDG¡MR NDOE¡WL
DWJDLORV URåDQþLÐ %HW LU DWJDLO GDU\GDPD EXYR VXWUXNG\WD QHV VPDJXV -XUJRV MXRNDV DWVNULGR QXR
ãYHQWRULDXV QHW ³ EDåQ\þL 7DL -XUJD W\þLRMRVL Lã VHQRV GDYDWNRV LU HU]LQR MDXQLNLXV
² âWDL NXU WLNUD YHOQLR QXRWDND R QH Dã ² JUDXGåLDL SDJDOYRMR 8UãXO¡ NDOE¡GDPD URåDQþLÐ
LU YLVDL XåPLUãGDPD NDG GDUR QDXM QXRG¡P


2 WXR PHWX Xå VHSW\QLÐ P\OLÐ QXR 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR 'DXJQRUÐ NDLPH J\YHQR -XUJLV
*LUGYDLQLV ãDXQXV LU LãGLGXV MDXQLNLV NXULV QLHNDLS QHJDO¡MR VDX PHUJRV VXVLUDVWL QRUV EXYR
DSYDåLDY
V VX SLUãOLX WR SDWLHV NDLPR VNHUGåLXPL $QXSUX 9LVJLUGD VHSW\QLDV P\OLDV DSOLQNXL
JHULDXVLDLV VDYR REXROPXãLDLV åLUJDLV
7XRV VWRQLQLXV REXROPXãLXV åLUJXV SDOLNR MDP PLUGDPDV W¡YDV LU ³VDN¡ MXRV VDXJRWL NDLS VDYR
DN³ WDUGDPDV ² NRO HUåLODL REXROLXRWL EXV WRO LU MR J\YHQLPDV EXV NDLS REXRO\V 6ÌQXV ãYHQWDL
VDXJRMR W¡YR SULVDN\P QHV WLH REXROPXãLDL åLUJDL EXYR YLVDV MR PDQGUXPDV LU SDVLGLGåLDYLPDV
7LNWDL *LUGYDLQLV MDXQDV EXYR LU MRNLR VDLNR QHWXU¡MR 3HU WXRV REXROPXãLXV YLV ÌN³ DSOHLGR NXU³
W¡YDV SDOLNR SLOQ NDLS DUXRG EHW XåWDW NDL LãYDåLXRGDYR VX REXROPXãLDLV WDL NDLS VX SDXNãþLDLV ²
O\JXV NHOLDV DU SDELXU
V ² QXO¡NGDYR
3UDG¡MR *LUGYDLQLV VX VDYR REXROPXãLDLV YDåLQ¡WL LHãNRGDPDV PHUJLQRV NXUL QHVLELMRWÐ YLV
J\YHQLP YDåLQ¡WL WRNLDLV NDLS YLHVXODL DUNOLDLV 3UDYDåLQ¡MR YLV UXGHQ³ SDV DSOLQNLQHV PHUJLQDV
QXRWDNDV LU QHW Xå VHSW\QLÐ P\OLÐ EHW WRNLRV QHVXUDGR 2 NDOWDV þLD EXYR SDWLHV *LUGYDLQLR SHUQHO\J
didelis išdidumas ir tas mandrumas neapsakomas.
 .LQN\GDYR *LUGYDLQLV VDYR REXROPXãLXV NXULH YLHWRMH QHQXVW\JGDYR QH ³ NDULHW JUDåLDL
GDå\W EHW ³ DSVNUHWXV³ P¡ãODYHåLP³ Xå SLUãO³ SDVLLPGDYR QH OLHåXYLQJ ÌNLQLQN EHW QXVNXUGXV³
NDLPR VNHUGåLÐ $QXSU 9LVJLUG NXULV YLHQD DNLPL QHSULPDW¡ LU YLHQD DXVLPL QHSULJLUG¡MR R SDWV
DSVLYLONGDYR QH LãHLJLQLDLV GUDEXåLDLV EHW LãYHUVWDLV NDLOLQLDLV NDG VYHWLPD PHUJD QHSULNLEWÐ
SHUVLMXRVGDYR SDQþLX NDG QHVXåDY¡WÐ ³VLVWRGDYR ³ NOXPSHV LU ³VLPHW
V $QXSU ³ YHåLP GLHYH SDG¡N
QXUÌNGDYR GYHMHWX VDYR REXROPXãLÐ NDLS VX SDXNãþLDLV YLHãNHOLX DU ãXQNHOLX åLÌULQW NXU PHUJD ³ DN³
NULWXVL EXYR 3DVNXL MDXQLN³ VX SLUãOLX WLN GXONLÐ VWXOSDL MHL YDVDU SDOLNGDYR DQW NHOLR R MHL UXGHQ³ WDL
net padanges aptaškydavo.
7DLS LãYDåLQ¡MR *LUGYDLQLV YLV NUDãW EHPHUJLQ¡GDPDV EHW VDYR PHUJRV QHVXUDGR QHV YLVRV
PHUJLQRV QXRWDNRV SUDG¡MR YLHQD NLW WRNLX PDQGUX MDXQLNLX JVGLQWL LU MXRNWLV 7LNWDL YLHQDV
*LUGYDLQLV QLHNR QHSDLV¡ VDYR GDU¡ LU NDOE¡MR
² 6X WRNLDLV DUNOLDLV QRUV LU SDVDXOLR NUDãWH R VDYR PHUJ DWUDVLX
%HW GHMD YLV QHVXUDVGDYR WRNLRV PHUJLQRV NXUL VXVLJXQG\WÐ WRNLDLV DUNOLDLV LU WRNLX MDXQLNLX
2 XRãYLÐ LU JXQG\WL QHUHLN¡MR QHV MLHPV DWURG¡ NDG YLVDV *LUGYDLQLR J\YHQLPDV NDLS WD VWDWLQ¡ EH
ãXOÐ NXUL QLHNDGD QHEXV SLOQD
.DLS Lã WLNUÐMÐ VX WDLV ãXODLV EXYR QHåLQLD -HLJX MDX WUÌNR WDL YLVÐ WÐ ãXOÐ NXULDLV ULPWL
ÌNLQLQNDL UDPVWR VDYR J\YHQLP R *LUGYDLQLV QH WLN QHUDPVW¡ EHW VX WDLV VDYR REXROPXãLDLV WDUVL
LãWDUã\WL QRU¡MR ³ YLVXV NHWXULV Y¡MXV 7RG¡O MDP LU WRNLRV PHUJLQRV SULUHLN¡ VX NXULD JDO¡WÐ O¡NWL NDLS
SDXNãþLDL åHP¡V QHVLHNGDPL
%HW NXU WRNL UDVL" 9LVRV EXYR JHUÐ ÌNLQLQNÐ ULPWRV GXNWHU\V 7DG QXJLUG
V NDG 3DXGUXY¡V
NUDãWH \UD %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQLQLQNR QHSDSUDVWD GXNW¡ SDV NXUL QLHNDV VX SLUãOLDLV QHJDO³V DWYDåLXRWL
SLUP VHNPDGLHQ³ DWYDåLDYR VX VDYR REXROPXãLDLV ³ âYHQGXEU
SDVLGDLU\WL LU SDVLNODXV\WL NRNLD WD
merga ir kas ten yra.
âYHQGXEU¡V PHUJLQRV QXRWDNRV LU EHUQDL MDXQLNLDL WXRMDX SDåLQR *LUGYDLQ³ Lã MR REXROPXãLÐ
åLUJÐ NXULH åYHQJGDPL VXVWRMR SULH ãYHQWRULDXV 0HUJLQRV QXRWDNRV VSUXNR SUXQNãGDPRV ³ ãDOLV NDG
QHXåNDOELQWÐ NHLVWDV MDXQLNLV LU G¡O WR NDOEÐ QHNLOWÐ %HUQDL DSVWRMR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV LU
QHJDO¡MR DWVLJ¡U¡WL
² 7DL EHQW åLUJHOLDL ² QH YLHQDV VX SDY\GX JDUVLDL SDVDN¡ R SDWV VDX SDJDOYRMR ² 6X
WRNLDLV JDOLPD LU SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ QXYDåLXRWL QRUV WHQ LU NDåLQ NRNLH XåNHU¡MLPDL EÌWÐ
7XRMDX LãJLUGR DSLH QHSDSUDVW MDXQLN³ DWYDåLDYXV³ ³ âYHQGXEU
 LU -XUJD NDL LãVLVN\U¡ VX
8UãXOH SULH YDUSLQ¡V LU QX¡MR NYDWRGDPD 9LHQD NLWD PHUJLQD VSUXNGDPRV QXR ãYHQWRULDXV
SUXQNãWHO¡MR -XUJDL
² 7DYDVLV DWYDåLDYR
— Koks? — nesuprato Jurga.
² 1DJL WDV ² VX REXROPXãLDLV åLUJDLV VX LãYHUVWDLV NDLOLQLDLV
² 2 JDO LU PDQDVLV" . WX åLQDL" ² S\NWHO¡MR -XUJD NDG PHUJLQRV GU³VWD Lã MRV MXRNWLV ²
Kur jis?
² 1DJL DQDYD DU QHPDWDL VWRYL ² SLUãWX SDURG¡ ³ VWRYLQW³ SULH ãYHQWRULDXV åXROR *LUGYDLQ³
LU EHVLGDLUDQW³ SR PLQL
-XUJD WLHVLDL LU QX¡MR SULH *LUGYDLQLR 'DXJ EXYR JLUG¡MXVL DSLH MR REXROPXãLXV åLUJXV
P¡ãODYHåLP³ LãYHUVWXV NDLOLQLXV LU NXUþL SLUãO³ VX NXULXR YDåLQ¡MR PHUJLQDV JVGLQGDPDV 'DEDU
-XUJD SDVWRMR *LUGYDLQLXL NHOL NDL WDV NDLS WLN MRV LHãNRGDPDV QRU¡MR SHUHLWL SHU ãYHQWRULÐ
² 3DV YLVDV PHUJLQDV YDåLQ¡ML² SDVDN¡ WLHVLDL ³ DNLV åLÌU¡GDPD ² R SDV PDQH QHXåVXNL
1HJL Dã WDX SHU SUDVWD PHUJLQD R JDO SDVNDOÐ ELMDLVL NDG SDV PDQH NHOLDV XåNHU¡WDV"
*LUGYDLQLV Lã NDUWR SDåLQR NDG þLD WD NXULRV LHãNR QHV WRNLRV JUDåLRV LU GUVLRV PHUJLQRV MLV
GDU QHEXYR PDW
V 2 WRNLRV MDP NDLS WLN LU UHLN¡MR
² 1HSDSUDVWD WX PHUJLQD ² DWVDN¡ WLHVLDL *LUGYDLQLV ² LU SDVNDOÐ QHVLELMDX *DOLX VX VDYR
REXROPXãLDLV LãVNODLG\WL YLVXV XåNHU¡MLPXV QXR WDYR NHOLR
² 7DL LãVNODLG\N ² DWVDN¡ -XUJD LU MRV DN\V ã\SWHO¡MR ² -HL LãVNODLG\VL JDO LU HLVLX Xå
WDY
V
² (LVL ² QHLVL ² DWJDYR *LUGYDLQLV LãGLGXP ² R SLUP ãHãWDGLHQ³ DWYDåLXRVLX VX VDYR
piršliu Anupru.
7XR PHWX SDPDW
*LUGYDLQ³ NDOEDQW VX -XUJD VXVLULQNR DSOLQNXL PHUJLQÐ LU EHUQÐ EÌU\V R
NLWL GDU E¡JR SHU ãYHQWRULÐ SDOLN
QHW *LUGYDLQLR åLUJXV
.DL *LUGYDLQLV SULåDG¡MR VX SLUãOLX DWYDåLXRWL QXVLSUXQNãW¡ PHUJLQRV ³ VDXMDV R EHUQDL YLVD
JHUNOH QXVLåYHQJ¡
² 7RNV WRN³ SDåLQR LU DQW DODXV SDYDGLQR ² NDåLQ NDV DWVLOLHS¡
 2 -XUJD YLVDL XåPLUãXVL NDG DSOLQNXL PLQLD VXVLULQNR LU M VWHEL PHLOLDL SDåLÌU¡MR *LUGYDLQLXL
³ DNLV LU YLVD QXNDLVGDPD WDU¡
² /DXNVLX 1HXåPLUãN
7DL SDVDNLXVL QX¡MR QXOHLGXVL DNLV EHW LãN¡OXVL JDOY LU JUDåL NDLS NDUDODLW¡
7LNWDL ãLUGLV NUÌSWHO¡MR O\J N QXMDXVGDPD 1RUV LU DSãDXNWDV MDXQLNLV EHW WRNV NDLS
PHUJDXWLQ¡VH VYDMRQ¡VH YDLGHQRVL $UJL MLV LU EÌWÐ åDG¡WDV"
-XUJD JU³åWHO¡MR SUR SHW³ QHQRU¡GDPD WLN¡WL LU VXVLWLNR VX *LUGYDLQLR GHJDQþLRPLV DNLPLV
7DGD ML JUHLWDL DSVLVXNR LU QX¡MR EDLVLDL VXQHULPXVL
7DV åYLOJVQLV SUR SHW³ JDOXWLQDL SULWUHQN¡ *LUGYDLQ³
² 7DL EHQW PHUJLQD ² SDWV VDX SDVDN¡ QXWLUS
V Lã GåLDXJVPR LU DNLÐ QHJDO¡GDPDV DWLWUDXNWL
QXR MRV OLHNQR OLHPHQV LU JUDNãþLÐ åLQJVQLÐ ODXNGDPDV NDG ML GDU NDUW DWVLJU
åWÐ
%HW -XUJD QHDWVLJU
å¡ LU JUHLWDL LãQ\NR Lã DNLÐ R *LUGYDLQLV YHOWXL NODMRMR SR DWODLGÐ PLQL
LHãNRGDPDV GHJDQþLRPLV DNLPLV GDU NDUW M SDPDW\WL %HW QLHNXU MRV QHVXUDGR -L VX W¡YX WXRMDX
LãYDåLDYR QDPR
7DL LU *LUGYDLQLV QLHNR GDXJLDX QHODXNGDPDV DSVXNR VDYR REXROPXãLXV LU LãYDåLDYR VX WRNLX
GåLDXJVPX ãLUG\MH NXULR URGRV QHW MR REXROPXãLDL QHSDYHåWÐ QRUV LU O¡N¡ ãXROLDLV
7LNWDL DU QH SHU JUHLWDL *LUGYDLQLV VXVLåDY¡MR"

VI

2 YLV G¡OWR QH YLVDL EH SDJULQGR VNOLGR JDQGDL DSLH %DOWUÐ %DOWDUDJ³ LU MR PDOÌQ ýLD EXYR QH
YLHQ WLNWDL GDYDWNRV 8UãXO¡V NOLHG¡MLPDL LU ³NDXãXVLÐ MDXQLNLÐ VX SLUãOLDLV SUDVLPDQ\PDL 1H EH NDOW¡V
LU SDWV %DOWDUDJLV EXYR LU NHOLDV SDV MR GXNWHU³ -XUJ EXYR QHOHQJYDV QHV MLV LU SDWV QHOHQJYDL JDYR
VDYR åPRQ 0DUFHO
-DXGHJ\W
 JUDåLDXVL 3DXGUXY¡V PHUJLQ 7XãþLDL åPRQ¡V QHNDOED
,U YLVNDV EHQH WRG¡O DWVLWLNR NDG %DOWDUDJLV Lã SDW MDXQXP¡V EXYR SHU GDXJ SULVLULã
V SULH VDYR
PDOÌQR LU SHU M³ QH WLN SDWV VDYH EHW LU YLV GLHYR SDVDXO³ EXYR XåPLUã
V
%DOWDUDJLV GDU YDLN\VW¡MH QHJDO¡GDY
V DWVLNODXV\WL PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ ÌåLPR NDL MDP SULWDUGDYR
8GUXY¡V HåHUR YDQGHQÐ ãQLRNãWLPDV 7DV ÌåLPDV WDUVL XåNHU¡MR %DOWDUDJ³ .LHN SDÌJ¡M
V GLHQDV LU
QDNWLV SUDOHLVGDYR PDOÌQH .LWR GDUER QHL åLQRWL QHL PDW\WL QHQRU¡M
V
6PDJLDXVLD MDP EÌGDYR NDL SDNLOGDYR Y¡MDV LU VXNGDYR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV 7DGD MLV OLQNVPDV
EHOVGDYRVL SR VDYR PDOÌQ QLHNDGD QHSDYDUJGDPDV WLNWDL YLHQR ELMRGDPDV NDG Y¡MDV QHQXWLOWÐ -DX
WDGD MLV SUDG¡MR VYDMRWL DU QHJDOLPD EÌWÐ VXNWL PDOÌQR EH Y¡MR" $SLH WDL \SDþ VXVLPVW\GDYR NDL
QXULPGDYR Y¡MDV LU MLV LãWLVRPLV GLHQRPLV SUDV¡G¡GDYR DQW PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ 8GUXY¡V
HåHUR YDQGHQLV DU QHSUDGHGD MÐ SDYLUãLXV ULEXOLXRWL QXR OHQJYR Y¡MHOLR 2 PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ EXUHV MLV
EXYR WDLS SULWDLN
V NDG MRV SDJDXGDYR PDåLDXVL GYHONLP QXR HåHUR SXV¡V %H PDOÌQR ÌåLPR QLHNDV
NLWDV QHåDY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR MDXQ\VW¡MH WDU\WXP QLHNR NLWR J\YHQLPH LU QHEÌWÐ EXY

7RG¡O LU QHSDPDW¡ %DOWDUDJLV NDLS PDOÌQXL EHÌåLDQW MDXQ\VW¡ SUD¡MR NDLS PLU¡ W¡YDL
LãVLVNLUVW¡ Lã QDPÐ EUROLDL VHVHU\V LU OLNR MLV YLHQDV VX VHQVWDQþLD GDYDWND 8UãXOH WROLPD %DOWDUDJLÐ
JLPLQDLWH NXUL PHUJDXGDPD SDVHQR LU DWURG¡ DPåLQDL SDVLOLNVLDQWL ³QDPH %DOWDUDJLÐ QDPXRVH %HW
Lã¡MR NLWDLS
3DNULNXV %DOWDUDJLÐ ãHLPDL 8UãXO¡ SHU¡P¡ YLVXV QDPÐ UÌSHVþLXV QHV %DOWUXV WDLV UHLNDODLV Q¡
NLHN QHVLUÌSLQR WDUVL MÐ YLVDL QHEÌWÐ -DP WLN YLHQDV PDOÌQDV QLHNDGD Lã JDOYRV QHLãHLGDYR
² 7DV PDOÌQDV VXVXNR WDX JDOY ² NDUWDLV SDVDN\GDYR 8UãXO¡ VX SULHNDLãWX åLÌU¡GDPD ³
%DOWDUDJ³ ² 1LHNR WX GDXJLDX QHPDWDL WLNWDL W VDYR PDOÌQ WDU\WXP EH MR QLHNR NLWR SDVDXO\MH
QHEÌWÐ
² .DG PDQ QLHNR GDXJLDX LU QHUHLNLD ² DWVDN\GDYR %DOWDUDJLV YLVDL QHåLÌU¡GDPDV ³ 8UãXO

8UãXO¡ SLNWDL å\EWHOGDYR DNLPLV LU QXVLJU³åXVL ³ NURVQ³ VPDUNLDX VXEDUãNLQGDYR SXRGDLV
.DUWDLV SDåLÌU¡GDYR %DOWDUDJLV NR ML þLD WUDQNRVL R NDUWDLV QHW QHåYLOJWHO¡M
V ³ MRV SXV
 LãHLGDYR ³
PDOÌQ
.LW NDUW 8UãXO¡ SUDG¡GDYR VNÐVWLV NDG HV MDL SHU GDXJ GDUER VX YLVD QDPÐ DS\YRND NDG
MLV QLHNR QHSDGHGV R ML QHJDOLQWL SHUVLSO¡ãWL
%DOWDUDJLV WDUVL QXVWHE
V LU QLHNR QHVXSUDVGDPDV SDWUDXNGDYR SHþLDLV
² 2 NRG¡O QHJDOL" 3HUVLSO¡ãN LU EÌVLWH GYL
8UãXO¡ PDQ\GDPD NDG %DOWUXV QLHNR QHVXYRNLD LU QHVXSUDQWD åPRQ¡V M³ G¡O WR PDOÌQR ODLN¡
JOXãX XåVLPLQGDYR NDG åPRQ¡V NDUWDLV QHL ã³ QHL W QXNDOED R SDWL SDUDXGRQXRGDYR QXR DXVÐ OLJL
SODXNÐ ãDNQÐ HV QHSDGRUX MDXQDP Y\UXL VX PHUJLQD YLHQRMH SDVWRJ¡MH J\YHQWL GDU NDåLQ NR åPRQ¡V
JDOL SUDVLPDQ\WL %DOWDUDJLV WDUVL YLVDL QHQXJLUVGDYR WRNLÐ NDOEÐ QRUV 8UãXO¡ QH WLN SDUDXGRQXRGDYR
EHW LU PHLOLDX EDOWDNLXRWL VWHQJGDYRVL 2 NDL MDX SHU GDXJ VDYR PHLOXPX ³JULVGDYR %DOWDUDJLV
VWRUåLHYLãNDL DWVLNLUVGDYR
² .R WX QRUL" $UJL PXGX SR YLHQD SDVWRJH J\YHQDPH" $ã ² PDOÌQH R WX ² WURERMH LU
kiauliatvartyje.
7DGD VXS\NXVL 8UãXO¡ SUDG¡GDYR SXUNãWL NDLS NDW¡ JUDVLQWL NDG M³ SDPHVLDQWL YLVDL Lã QDPÐ
LãHLVLDQWL WHJX SDWV YLHQDV SDVLNDULV VX WXR VDYR PDOÌQX DU GDU N QRUV SUDVLPDQV
%DOWDUDJLV YLVDL UDPLDL NDUWDLV QHW QXGåLXJ
V DWVDN\GDYR
— Tai ko dar lauki? Eik sau. Man vienam tik ramiau bus.
8UãXO¡ MDX QHMXRNDLV ³ãLUGXVL SUDG¡GDYR ULãWL VDYR U\ãXOLXV EHW þLD SDW EHULãGDPD LU Y¡O
atrišdavo, o paskui atsidusdavo ir nusiramindavo:
² .DLS GDEDU Dã M³ YLHQ SDOLNVLX" 3DODXNVLX JDO DWHLV ³ SURW
%HW YHOWXL 8UãXO¡ WLN¡MRVL 6XJU³å
V Lã PDOÌQR %DOWDUDJLV Q¡ NLHN QHDSVLGåLDXJGDYR DWUDG
V
8UãXO
Y¡O SR QDPXV EHVLUXRãLDQþL WLNWDL QXVWHEGDYR DU QHW VXS\NGDYR
² 7DL WX GDU QHLã¡MDL" ² SULNLãGDYR
² 7\O¡WXP LU GLHY P\O¡WXP ² DWVLGXVGDYR 8UãXO¡ LU SRU GLHQÐ W\OHVQ¡ EÌGDYR
² 7DL NDG WDX GLHYDV WLHN SURWR GXRWÐ ² SDOLQN¡GDYR %DOWDUDJLV ² WDGD WLNUDL JDO¡WXPH
ramiai gyventi.
7DV %DOWDUDJLR OLQN¡MLPDV DU PHWDL NXULH YLV ODELDX WXUVLQR LU WDLS VXVLULHWXVL VHQPHUJ

SDG¡MR LU 8UãXO¡ NDVGLHQ YLV GLHYREDLPLQJHVQ¡ GDU¡VL 3ULHã WDL ML GDU EXYR LãEDQGåLXVL YLVDV NLWDV
SULHPRQHV LU QHW EXUWXV NXULDLV WLN¡MRVL YLV G¡OWR %DOWDUDJ³ SULVLYLOLRWL EHW LU WLHPV QLHNR QHSDG¡MXV
SUDUDGXVL SDVNXWLQ
YLOW³ LU DWJDLODXGDPD Xå QXRG¡PHV SDGDU¡ âYHQGXEU¡V VNDLVþLDXVLDL 0HUJHOHL
VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV LU YLV GDåQLDX LãHLGDYR ³ EDåQ\þL NDUWDLV QHW YLV GLHQ VXJDLãGDYR WXR
QHSDSUDVWDL SUDGåLXJLQGDPD %DOWDUDJ³
² 0DWDL VXVLSUDV NDUW ² SDWV VDX VDN\GDYR QRUV 8UãXO¡ MXR GLHYREDLPLQJHVQ¡ GDU¡VL WXR
SLNWHVQ¡ EXYR %HW YLV G¡OWR %DOWDUDJLV QHSUDUDGR YLOWLHV NDG SDJDOLDX LU VHQPHUJ¡V SLNWXPXL EHL
³QLUãLXL DWHLV JDODV %HW þLD %DOWDUDJLV DSVLULNR
2 GLHQRV VOLQNR E¡JR PHWDL SR PHWÐ LU %DOWDUDJLV ÌåLDQW PDOÌQXL LU EHVLEDUDQW VX VHQD
GDYDWND QHW QHSDVWHE¡MR NDLS LU SDWV SDVHQR 1HPDåD NDNWD GDU ODELDX SDGLG¡MR R ³ SODXNÐ YDLQLN
WLHV VPLONLQLDLV WDLS ³VLPHW¡ PLOWÐ GXON¡V NDG QHW VNDLGULDPH 8GUXY¡V HåHUR YDQGHQ\MH QHJDOLPD EXYR
ištrinkti.

VII

7DLS %DOWDUDJLV EXWÐ JDO YLVDL QXVHQ

V LU YLHQLãDV SDVLOLN
V VX VDYR ÌåLDQþLX PDOÌQX EHL
QLXUQDQþLD GDYDWND 7LN YLHQ SDYDVDU³ NDL SDSÌW¡ ãYHOQXV Y¡MDV SUDG¡MR WLUSWL VQLHJDV LU OLQNVPL
XSRNãQLDL ¡P¡ SXWRGDPL ULQNWLV ³ 8GUXY¡V HåHU LãNHOGDPL OHG Lã DQWURV HåHUR SXV¡V DWYDåLDYR ³
PDOÌQ MDXQD LãG\N¡O¡ -DXGHJLÐ 0DUFHO¡
² 7LH PÌV Y\UDL LãYDåLDYR ³ PLãN VDNR NHOLDV JDO³V SDE¡JWL ² QH SDVDN¡ EHW QXVLMXRN¡
0DUFHO¡ ² 7DL Dã WLHVLDL SHU HåHU DWYDåLDYDX ³ PDOÌQ 7HJX VDX E¡JD NHOLDV $ã MR QHVLY\VLX
2 SDWL MXRNLDVL NDLS WLH SDYDVDULR XSHOLDL JXUJ¡GDPL ³ 8GUXY¡V HåHU 7DV MXRNDV JUHLWDL
QXVNDPE¡MR SR YLV PDOÌQ LU VHQVWDQW³ %DOWDUDJ³ XåNHU¡MR QRUV 0DUFHO¡ YLVDL WR QHQRU¡MR -L SLUP
NDUW EXYR PDOÌQH LU ãLV WDLS MDL SDWLNR NDG ãRNLQ¡MR NDLS SDXNãþLXN¡ SR YLVXV PDOÌQR DXNãWXV
þLDXãN¡GDPD LU NYDWRGDPD SHãLRGDPD PDOÌQLQLQN Xå åLOVWDQþLÐ SODXNÐ LU SUDã\GDPD SDVXSWL DQW
PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ
² 7DL EHQW WROL SDPDW\þLDX ² VNDPE¡MR NDLS VLGDEULQLV YDUSHOLV MRV MXRNDV R OLQNVPRV DN\V
MDX ãRNLQ¡MR PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV
1H PHUJ\W¡ EHW SDXNãþLXNDV ² SDJDOYRMR %DOWDUDJLV QHDWVLNODXV\GDPDV MRV OLQNVPÐ
þLDXãNDOÐ NXULH ¡P¡ QXVWHOEWL %DOWDUDJLXL QHW PDOÌQR ÌåLP LU EXQGDQþLR HåHUR ãQLRNãWLP
,U SDWV QHSDVLMXWR NDLS WÐ þLDXãNDOÐ EHVLNODXV\GDPDV SUDG¡MR YLNULDX VXNWLV WDU\WXP EÌWÐ
DWMDXQ¡M
V SRUD GHãLPþLÐ PHWÐ 0DUFHO¡V JUÌGXV MLV JUHLWDL VXPDO¡ VXNURY¡ ³ URJHV R NDL 0DUFHO¡
DWVLV¡GR YDåLXRWL %DOWDUDJLXL NDåNR EDLVLDL SDJDLOR
² .DGD Y¡O DWYDåLXRVL" ² SDNODXV¡ QRU¡GDPDV VXODLN\WL 0DUFHO

² .DL NHOLDV SDE¡JV ² DWVDN¡ LãYDåLXRGDPD 0DUFHO¡ LU DWVLJU
åXVL ãHOPLãNDL QXVLMXRN¡
7DV MXRNDV DU WDV DWVLJU
åLPDV YLVDL Lã SURWR LãYHG¡ VHQ EHUQ .XU ¡MR N GDU¡ YLV DN\VH
YDLGHQRVL 0DUFHO¡ YLVXU JLUG¡MR MRV VNDPEDQW³ MXRN LU PDW¡ JXQGDQþL ã\SVHQ 2 WR -XRNR EXYR
SLOQDV PDOÌQDV SLOQL SDYDVDULQLDL ODXNDL SLOQDV HåHUDV 7DV MXRNDV LU ã\SVHQD YLVXU SHUVHNLRMR
%DOWDUDJ³ LU NDUWDLV QHW DWURG¡ NDG WDV OLQNVPDV QHUÌSHVWLQJDV MDXQ\VW¡V MXRNDV W\þLRMDVL Lã MR
QXSOLNXVLRV JDOYRV åLOVWDQþLÐ SDDXVLÐ LU WXãþLRV YLHQLãRV VHQEHUQ\VW¡V ,U MXR WROLDX MXR GDXJLDX
%DOWDUDJLV MDXW¡VL YLHQLãDV QHV VXSUDWR NDG YHOWXL SUDOHLG
V VDYR MDXQ\VW
 NXULRV GDEDU QHL VX Y¡MR
sparnais nepasivysi.
7DLS SUD¡MR QHUDPXV SDYDVDULV DWPXUP¡MR 8GUXY¡V HåHUR YDQGHQ\V VXåDOLDYR NDLS GÌPDLV
XåVLGHQJ¡ HåHUR ãODLWDL LU DSOLQNLQLDL NDOQDL NDOQHOLDL NXULXRV NDLS SDGDYLPDV VDNR PLOåLQDV NOXPSHV
LãNUDW\GDPDV VXS\O
V WDUSXHåHU¡MH R %DOWDUDJLV YLV GDU QHJDO¡MR XåPLUãWL QHL WR MXRNR NXULV
WHEHVNDPE¡MR YLVXU NXU WLN MLV SDVLVXNGDYR QHL WRV ã\SVHQRV M³ XåNHU¡MXVLRV
7R MXRNR QHQXVWHOE¡ Q¡ UDPL YDVDUD NXUL NDLS VYDLJLQDQWL SDVDND P¡O\QDYR HåHUXRVH LU
åDOLDYR ãLOXRVH 1HLãVNODLG¡ WRV ã\SVHQRV EXUWÐ QHL ãLOWRV åYDLJåG¡WRV QDNW\V QXVNHQGXVLRV 8GUXY¡V
HåHUR VNDLGULXRVH YDQGHQ\VH 7R MXRNR EXYR SLOQD %DOWDUDJLR ãLUGLV LU MLV VODQNLRMR W\OXV NDLS ãHã¡OLV
MR ³VLNODXV\GDPDV LU GåLDXJGDPDVLV R NDUWDLV WDLS VLHOYDUWDXGDPDV NDG QLHNXU VDX YLHWRV QHUDVGDYR
2 UXGHQ³ NDL DQWURMH HåHUR SXV¡MH SUDG¡MR VNDPE¡WL SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL %DOWDUDJLV YLVLãNDL
QHWHNR UDP\E¡V 1DNW³ QHJDO¡GDYR XåPLJWL GLHQ SUDVLEODLY\WL XåPLUãR QHW VDYR PDOÌQ NXULV GDEDU
VWRY¡MR VXJODXG
V VSDUQXV NDLS ãP¡NOD QRUV EXYR SDWV PDOLPR PHWDV
0DOÌQLQLQNDV QRUV NDUWDLV LU EDUDPDV ÌNLQLQNÐ Xå PDOLPR JDLãLQLP WR DQNVþLDX QLHNDGD
QHEÌGDYR V¡G¡GDYR SHU GLHQDV DQW PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR LU åLÌU¡GDYR DNLV ³VPHLJ
V ³ NLW HåHUR NUDQW
2 SDYDNDUH NDL SUDG¡GDYR VNDPE¡WL SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL LU VXNWL ³ -DXGHJLÐ NLHP QHLãWXU¡GDYR
%DOWDUDJLV QHW DQW PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR SDNLOGDYR LU E¡JLRGDYR QXR PDOÌQR SULH HåHUR QXR HåHUR SULH
PDOÌQR WDUVL QRU¡GDPDV QXVLVNDQGLQWL DU GDU NDåN SDVLGDU\WL
2 NDUWDLV QHVXVLYDOG\GDPDV SDOHLVGDYR PDOÌQR JLUQDV NDG WRV ÌåGDPRV QXVWHOEWÐ SLUãOLÐ
VNDPEDOXV 0DOÌQDV QHW NDXNGDYR YLVDLV EDOVDLV VXNHOGDPDV NODLNÐ ãLXUSXOLQJXP EHW YLV WLHN
%DOWDUDJLXL QHQXVWHOEGDYR SLUãOLÐ YDUSHOLÐ 0DOÌQR ÌåLPH VXVLOLHGDYR WLH VNDPEDODL LU WDV MXRNDV NXULV
QXR DQNVW\YR SDYDVDULR M³ SHUVHNLRMR LU MLV QHåLQRGDYR N EHGDU\WL 7DGD VXVWDEG
V PDOÌQ UDXGDYR
%DOWDUDJLV åLOVWDQþLXV SODXNXV LU NHLNGDYR VDYR VHQEHUQ\VW

1XYDåLXRWL SDþLDP VX SLUãOLX ³ -DXGHJLÐ NLHP QRUV LU QH NDUW EXYR NLOXVL WRNLD SDJXQGD
%DOWDUDJLV QHGU³VR LU SDJDOYRWL .DV JL OHLV VDYR GXNWHU³ Xå NYDLãR VHQEHUQLR PDOÌQLQLQNR MDX
QHNDOEDQW DSLH WDL NDG LU SDWL GXNW¡ Lã WROR SDE¡JWÐ QXR WRNLR SDVLY¡ODYXVLR MDXQLNLR 7LNWDL MXRNDLV
SUDSOLXSV YLVD DS\OLQN¡ NDG DNLÐ QHWXU¡VL NXU G¡WL ,U %DOWDUDJLV Lã WR VLHOYDUWR QHEHåLQRMR DU MDP
SDVLNDUWL DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ DU QXVLVNDQGLQWL 8GUXY¡V HåHUH 9LHQD DLãNX EXYR NDG WROLDX MLV
QHEHJDO¡V WDLS J\YHQWL NDLS J\YHQR R JDO LU Lã YLVR QHEHJ\YHQV
7DL PDW\GDPD QHW VHQPHUJ¡ 8UãXO¡ YLVD ãLUGLPL %DOWDUDJLX VXVLUÌSLQR OLRY¡VL M³ EDUXVL LU
JVGLQXVL NDG SDPHVLDQWL R NDUWDLV QHW VNDUHO¡V NDPSX DãDU QXVLãOXRVW\GDYR LU VX XåXRMDXWD
klausdavo:
² .DV WDX \UD %DOWUXN" *DO WX VHUJL JDO WDX N VNDXGD" 3DVDN\N OHQJYLDX EXV Dã þLD
YLVRNLÐ åROHOLÐ WXULX LãYLULQVLX *DO SDG¡V
² (LN WX VDX ² DWVWXPGDYR %DOWDUDJLV VX DSPDXGX 8UãXO¡V UÌSHVþLXV LU XåVLGDU\GDYR
PDOÌQH
%HW LU XåVLGDU
V PDOÌQH QHWXU¡MR NXU G¡WLV 3HU GLHQDV W\O¡MR NDLS åHP¡ SULEORNãWDV VDYR
VLHOYDUWR LU NDVGLHQ YLV GDXJLDX SDMXRVGDPDV WDU\WXP J\YDV UHQJWÐVL O³VWL SR YHO¡QD
7DGD 8UãXO¡ YLVDL ULPWDL VXVLUÌSLQR NDG WLNUDL PDOÌQDV EXV VXVXN
V %DOWDUDJLXL JDOY LU YLVDV
VPHJHQLV LU ML SUDG¡MR E¡JLRWL SDV NDLP\QXV LHãNRGDPD YDLVWÐ LU SDJDOERV %HW NXU WX UDVL YDLVW DU
SDJDOE QXR WRNLRV OLJRV"
%DOWDUDJLR QHODLPHL MXR VXVLUÌSLQR QH WLN 8UãXO¡ EHW LU YLHQDV NDLP\QDV NXULR QLHNDV JHUX
åRGåLX QHPLQ¡MR
7DL EXYR 3LQþLXNDV

VIII

$QWURMH VNDUGåLR SXV¡MH NXU VWRY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV EXYR 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡V NXULÐ
PDXUXRVH EDLJ¡VL 8GUXY¡V HåHUDV LU SUDVLG¡MR 3DGLHY\þLR XSHOLV MXQJ
V 8GUXY¡V HåHU VX 'XQJYLHWÐ
LU NLWDLV HåHUDLV
7DL EXYR NODPSLRV QHLãEUHQGDPRV QRUV LU QHGLGHO¡V SHON¡V DSDXJXVLRV NUÌPRNãQLDLV LU
XRJLHQRMDLV NXULXRVH UXGHQ³ SULVLUSGDYR YLVRNLÐ XRJÐ LU VXHLGDYR Lã YLVRV DS\OLQN¡V XRJDXWRMÐ %HW LU
uogauti ten buvo pavojinga.
3HON¡V EXYR NODVWLQJRV QHW WRVH YLHWRVH NXU SDVLWDLN\GDYR QHGLGHO¡V SLHYRV åHP¡V SDYLUãLXV
VXSGDYRVL WDUVL SLHYD SODXNWÐ DQW YDQGHQV 2 NDUWDLV DWVLVWRM
V DQW LãNLOHVQLR NXSVWR QXJDUPL ³ OLÌQ
LU JHUDL MHLJX VS¡VL NRNLR NUÌPR QXVLWYHUWL LãVLJHOE¡VL NLWDLS ² VYHLNDV GLQJ
V 0DXUDV QXWUDXNV ³
GXJQ LU QHL åHQNOR QHSDOLNV NXU EÌVL SUDVPHJ
V
7RVH SHON¡VH NDLS SDVDNRMR J\YHQ
V WRNV QXVPXUJ
V YHOQLXNDV NXU³ 3LQþXNR YDUGX YDGLQR
-DP VXYHUVGDYR YLVDV WDV QHODLPHV NXULRV LãWLNGDYR OLHNQH åPRQHV LU J\YXOLXV %HW WDL QHWLHVD
3LQþXNDV EXYR WRNV QHWLN
V YHOQLDV LU GDU WRNV WLQJLQ\V NDG QLHNDP QHSDGDU\GDYR QHL EORJD QHL JHUD
7RNV MDX EXYR QHY\N¡OLV NDG QLHNX QHW SDþLX VDYLPL QHVLGRP¡MR WLN DPåLQDL VQÌGXULXRGDYR
NODXV\GDPDVLV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR ÌåLPR
äPRQ¡V EÌWÐ M³ YLVDL LU XåPLUã
 MHLJX PRWHU\V LU SLHPHQ\V ODLNDV QXR ODLNR MR QHXåHLWÐ
VQDXGåLDQþLR OLHNQH 0RWHU\V åLQDL QXVLJVGDYR NDG LU VQDXGåLDQþLR YHOQLR LU SDE¡JGDYR R
GUVHVQLHML SLHPHQ\V QH WLN SULNHOGDYR 3LQþXN EHW LU SDYDLN\GDYR SR SHONHV Lã YLHQR JXROLR ³ NLW
7DGD VXS\N
V 3LQþXNDV QXO³VGDYR NXU QRUV ³ QXRãDOHVQ³ OLHNQ LU VQDXVGDYR SHU GLHQDV LU QDNWLV .DL
VQDXVWL QXVLERVGDYR NDUWDLV SDVYDMRGDYR NDG JDO LU QHEORJDL EXWÐ MHLJX WXU¡WÐ SDþL 9LV GYLHVH
VPDJLDX EÌWÐ %HW NXU M JDXVL" -RNLD ODXP¡ DU UDJDQD QHLV Xå WRNLR QXVPXUJXVLR YHOQLXNR R ãLDLS
NRNL PRWHULãN QHJL VXYLOLRVL ³ SHONHV" 7DL LU WHNR 3LQþXNXL WLNWDL VDSQDLV SDVLWHQNLQWL
-HLJX QH WLH VDSQDL WDL EDLVLDL QXRERGXV EÌWÐ EXY
V 3LQþXNR J\YHQLPDV 7RNV MDX QXRERGXV
NDG åPRJXV MR YLHWRMH LPWXP LU SDVLNDUWXP EHW NDLS YHOQLXL GDU WRNLDP QHWLNXVLDP LU WRNV J\YHQLPDV
EXYR JHUDV -LV SULSUDWR SULH VDYR VDSQÐ LU SULH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR QXRODWLQLR ÌåLPR NXULR NODXV\GDYR
VQÌGXULXRGDPDV LU MDP YLVLãNDL WR SDNDNR -HLJX Q¡UD SDþLRV WDL LU QHUHLNLD ,U PDåD UÌSHVþLR EXYR
3LQþXNXL QHEHQW WLNWDL NDUWDLV EHNODXVDQW %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR ÌåLPR SDUÌSGDYR
² . MLV WHQ PDOD" ² SDJDOYRGDYR EHW þLD SDW LU Y¡O XåVQÌVGDYR ² 'LGHOLR þLD GDLNWR NDG
PDOÌQDV PDOD 7HJX VDX PDOD
7DLS LU QHSULVLUHQJ¡ 3LQþXNDV QXHLWL SDåLÌU¡WL N %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV PDOD ,U JDO EÌWÐ QLHNDGD
QHQX¡M
V LU GDEDU VDX NLXUNVRWÐ 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH %HW DU åLQDL åPRJXV VDYR QHODLP
 MHLJX MRV Q¡
SDWV YHOQLDV QHåLQR"
3LQþXNDV WDLS EXYR DSVLSUDW
V VX PDOÌQR ÌåLPX NDG NDUWDLV PDOÌQXL VXVWRMXV MDP QHUDPX
SDVLGDU\GDYR WLHVLRJ NDåNR VWLJGDYR LU MLV LPGDYR QHULPDXWL ,U NDL %DOWDUDJLV VXåDY¡WDV 0DUFHO¡V
MXRNR YLV GDåQLDX XåPLUãGDYR PDOÌQ LU QXWLOGDYR MR QXRODWLQLV ÌåLPDV 3LQþXNXL EXYR ODEDL QXRERGX
ir baisiai neramu.
² .RG¡O MLV QHPDOD" ² YLV GDXJLDX VXVLUÌSLQGDYR 3LQþXNDV QHV EH PDOÌQR ÌåLPR QHJDO¡MR
QHL VQDXVWL QHL DSLH SDþL VYDMRWL
7DGD QHEHVLN
VGDPDV SDJDOLDX DWVLN¡O¡ Lã VDYR DSVDPDQRMXVLR JXROLR SULGHUDQþLDL Xå NUÌPR
DSVLWDLV¡ NDLS åPRQ¡VH WLQND SDVLURG\WL LU QX¡MR YLHQ SDYDNDU
%DOWDUDJLR DSODQN\WL 7 UDGR DQW
PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR V¡GLQWL LU åLÌULQW³ ³ DQWU HåHUR SXV

² /DEDV YDNDUDV NDLP\QH ² SDVLVYHLNLQR 3LQþXNDV LU DWVLVWRMR SULHãDLV
%DOWDUDJLV EXYR WDLS XåVLVYDMRM
V DU VDYR VLHOYDUWH QXJULP]G
V NDG YLVDL QHSDPDW¡ NDLS
NDåNDV SDV M³ DW¡MR 7LNWDL LãJLUG
V EDOV SDN¡O¡ DNLV PDQ\GDPDV NDG Y¡O NXULV QRUV NDLP\QDV DW¡M
V
EDUWLV NDG JUÌGÐ SHU LOJDL QHVXPDOV RJL åLÌUL ² VWRYL SULHã M³ WRNV VWULXNDV EXNDV SRQDLþLXNDV NDLS
YRNLHWXNDV VX NHSHOLXãXNX DQW JDOYRV LU GDU VX XåNLãWD JDLGåLR SOXQNVQHOH
,ã NXU WRNV DWVLUDGR" ² QXVWHER %DOWDUDJLV LU SDWV VDX SDJDOYRMR ² $U WLNWDL QH PDOÌQR
SLUNWL DW¡MR"
7DL GDU NDUW SHUåYHOJ¡ QXR NRMÐ LNL JDOYRV QHPDW\W VYHþL .DLS WLN SLUNO\V²SDJDOYRMR
R SDVNXL NDG QHUHLN¡WÐ WXãþLDL EXUQRV DXãLQWL WXRMDX SDVDN¡
² 1H Dã PDOÌQR QHSDUGXRGX
² 0DQ YLVDL QHUHLNLD WDYR PDOÌQR ² DEHMLQJDL WUXNWHO¡MR SHþLDLV 3LQþXNDV ² WLNWDL MR
ÌåLPR .RG¡O WX QHPDOL"
² 0DQ YLVDL QHUÌSL PDOLPDV ² EXUEWHO¡MR %DOWDUDJLV QRU¡GDPDV JUHLþLDX DWVLNUDW\WL ³N\UDXV
SULEXY¡OLR LU Y¡O QXVLJU
å¡ ³ HåHUR SXV

² 7DL NDV JL WDX UÌSL" ² DWVLU¡P¡ DQW OD]GHO¡V 3LQþXNDV SDVLUHQJGDPDV LOJDL NDOEDL
%DOWDUDJLV QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ WLNWDL SDNLOR QXR VOHQNVþLR JLUQDSXV¡V DQW NXULRV V¡G¡MR $QRMH
HåHUR SXV¡MH QXVNDPE¡MR DU WLN MDP SDVLJLUGR SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL
3LQþXNDV WDLS SDW SDNLOR LU åLÌUL ³ W SXV

² 6XSUDQWX ² VDNR ² $U QH YHVWL WLNWDL QRU¡WXP"
² 2 Lã NXU WX åLQDL" ² QXVWHER %DOWDUDJLV LU DWVLJU
å¡ ³ VYHþL
² .R þLD QHåLQRVL" ² WUXNWHO¡MR SHþLDLV 3LQþXNDV² $ã LU SDWV JDOYRMX NDG EÌWÐ ODLNDV YHVWL
%HW Dã JDOLX GDU SDODXNWL NDG WLN PDOÌQDV ÌåWÐ
%DOWDUDJLV SDåLÌU¡MR ³ SRQDLþLXN NR þLD MDP UHLNLD LU SDPDW¡ NDG WDV QH WRNV NDLS YLVL
åPRQ¡V EHW WLNWDL VX YLHQD VN\OXWH QRV\MH
² 7DL NDV JL WRNV HVL" ² QXVWHE
V SDNODXV¡ %DOWDUDJLV VS¡GDPDV LU ELMRGDPDV ³VS¡WL
² $UJL QHSDå³VWL" ² QXVWHER LU 3LQþXNDV ² .DLP\QDV ýLD SDW SDNDOQ¡V SHON¡VH J\YHQX
3LQþXNDV
1XVL¡P¡ SRQDLþLXNDV NHSHOLXãXN LU QXVLOHQN¡ %DOWDUDJLV SDPDW¡ GX UDJLXNXV LããRNXVLXV
NDNWRMH LU MRNLÐ DEHMRQLÐ QHOLNR
² 7DL WLNUDL WRNV HVL" ² YLV GDU QHWLN¡GDPDV SDNODXV¡ %DOWDUDJLV
² .DLS PDWDL ² QXVLãLHS¡ 3LQþXNDV ² ,U JDOLX NDLS NDLP\QDV SDG¡WL
² .XR JL WX PDQ JDO¡WXP SDG¡WL" ² GDU ODELDX QXVWHER %DOWDUDJLV
² .DG LU YHVWL W NXUL QRUL ² DWVDN¡ YLVDL ULPWDL 3LQþXNDV
² 7DL SDG¡N ² QHMXþLRPLV LãVSUÌGR %DOWDUDJLXL
² %HW N WX PDQ Xå WDL GXRVL" ² PDQGULDL SDNUHLS¡ JDOY 3LQþXNDV
² .R WLNWDL QRUL ,PN QRUV PDOÌQ R SULHGR VHQPHUJ
8UãXO
² GDXJ QHJDOYRGDPDV DWVDN¡
Baltaragis.
² 0DQ WR QHUHLNLD ² SDSXUW¡ JDOY 3LQþXNDV 2 SDVNXL NLHN SDJDOYRMR LU SULG¡MR ² -HLJX WX
PDQ DWLGXRWXP W NR QHWXUL EHW N WXU¡VL NDL YHVL WDL SDG¡þLDX
— Mielai, — sutiko Baltaragis, nieko bloga negalvodamas.
² 7DL JHUDL ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV LU LãWUDXN¡ NDåNRN³ SRSLHULÐ Lã UDQNRY¡V ² 3DVLUDã\VLP
VXWDUW³
² .DP þLD WD VXWDUWLV" ² VXDEHMRMR %DOWDUDJLV ² 6XWDUVLP NDLS NDLP\QDL
² .DLP\QDL WDL NDLP\QDL ² SHUWDU¡ 3LQþXNDV ² R NDG QHXåPLUãWXPH N VXWDU¡PH
pasirašysime.
² .DP WR UHLNLD" ²YLV GDU DEHMRMD %DOWDUDJLV ² .DLP\QR åRGLV EUDQJHVQLV Xå DXNV
² äRGLV åRGåLX ² QHVXWLNR 3LQþXNDV ² R NDV SDUDã\WD ² NLUYLX QHLãNLUVL ²LãVLWUDXN¡
SOXQNVQ Lã NHSHOLXãXNR SDVLG¡MR SRSLHULÐ DQW NHOLR LU SDUDã¡ VXWDUW³ SDVNXL DWNLãR SOXQNVQ
%DOWDUDJLXL ² %DNVWHON ³ PDåM³ SLUãþLXN LU SDVLUDã\N
%DOWDUDJLV GDU SDDEHMRMR DU LPWL SOXQNVQ EHW WXR PHWX DQRMH HåHUR SXV¡MH VXVNDPE¡MR SLUãOLÐ
VNDPEDODL %DOWDUDJLV NUÌSWHO¡M
V SD¡P¡ 3LQþXNR DWNLãW SOXQNVQ EDNVWHO¡MR ³ SLUãW LU SDVLUDã¡
² 7DL SR GY\OLNRV PHWÐ DWHLVLX SDVLLPWL NDV PDQ SULNODXVR SDJDO VXWDUW³ ² WDU¡ SDWHQNLQWDV
3LQþXNDV XåVLNLãGDPDV SOXQNVQ Xå NHSHOLXãR R SRSLHULÐ ³ XåDQW³² 7DLJL ODLNR QHJDLãN NLQN\N
DUNO³ SDVLLPN SLUãO³ LU YDåLXRN SDV W NXULRV QRUL 3R WULMÐ VDYDLþLÐ EXV YHVWXY¡V
7DL SDVDN
V 3LQþXNDV þLD EXYR þLD GLQJR R DSVWXOE
V %DOWDUDJLV OLNR YLHQDV NLHPR YLGXU\MH
² $U WLNWDL QHVDSQXRMX" ² SDWV VDY
V SDNODXV¡ LU SDVLWU\Q¡ DNLV
$QRMH HåHUR SXV¡MH QXVNDPE¡MR SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL %HW DWJDO 0DW\W QLHNR QHODLP¡M


IX

6DSQDV WDL EXYR YLGXU\MH GLHQRV DU NDåNDV SDVLYDLGHQR %DOWDUDJLV SDWV JHUDL QHåLQRMR WLNWDL W
SDW SDYDNDU
 SDVLNLQN
V DUNO³ XåYDåLDYR ³ 3DXGUXY¡V NDLP SDV SLUP NDLP\Q NDOY³ -XR]DS
-XRGYDON³ åPRJÐ WLHVÐ LU SURWLQJ LU SDSUDã¡ NDG SDEÌWÐ MDP SLUãOLX LU YDåLXRWÐ VX MXR SDV -DXGHJLÐ
0DUFHO

² $U JDOYRV åPRJDX QHWHNDL" ² WDV VXEDU¡ ² 7RNLD PHUJD LU HLV Xå WDY
V VHQR NHOPR"
7LNWDL VDUPDW DSWXU¡VLPH LU GDXJLDX QLHNR
² .DLS EXV WDLS EXV ² QHDWVWRMR %DOWDUDJLV ² $ã WDX YLV J\YHQLP G\NDL PDOVLX Xå WRNL
SDVODXJ
² 0DOVL QHPDOVL WLN QLHNR Lã WR QHLãHLV ² NUDW¡VL -XRGYDONLV
%HW WDLS JUDåLDL %DOWDUDJLV SUDã¡ NDG åPRJXV SDJDOLDX QXVLOHLGR
² -HL WDLS ODEDL QRUL ² VDNR ² EDOD WDY
V QHPDW¡ QXYDåLXRVLP LU SDUYDåLXRVLP QLHNR
QHSHã
 'LGHOLR þLD GDLNWR
%HW WXR PHWX LããRNR Lã XåNURVQLR -XRGYDONLR SDUDQNLQLV SXVEHUQLV -XUJXWLV NXULV GXPSOHV SULH
åDL]GUR GXPGDYR LU PRN¡GDYR VPDJLDL QXVLãQ\SãWL SUR YLHQ ãQLUSãO
SHU VLHNVQ³ '¡O WR YDL]GDYRVL
HVV ãDXQXV NDYDOLHULXV LU QHVLNHQW¡ SLUãOLDLV YDåLQ¡WL $PåLQDL SULVWRGDYR SULH VDYR PHLVWUR NDG EHQW
NDUW VX MXR QXYDåLXRWÐ NXU QRUV SDV QXRWDN 7DL LU GDEDU WDULDQWLV -XRGYDONLXL VX %DOWDUDJLX G¡O
SLUãO\EÐ MLV VWRY¡MR SULH åDL]GUR NDLS QXGLHJWDV DWLGåLDL NODXV\GDPDV XåPLUã
V QHW QXVLãQ\SãWL 7LNWDL
NDL -XRGYDONLV QXVLOHLGR %DOWDUDJLXL LU VXWLNR YDåLXRWL SLUãOLDLV -XUJXWLV QXVLãQ\SãW¡ SHU VLHNVQ³ LU
prikibo:
² 9HåN LU PDQH ² SDVLVLÌO¡ ² -XN VHQLDL åDG¡MDL VX PDQLP SLUãOLDLV NXU QRUV QXYDåLXRWL
-HL Xå %DOWDUDJLR QHLV -DXGHJLÐ 0DUFHO¡ WDL JDO Xå PDQ
V
² .DLS þLD GDEDU VX GYLHP MDXQLNLDLV YDåLXRVL SDV YLHQ QXRWDN" ² QXVLMXRN¡ -XRGYDONLV
² *DO VX WDYLP SDVNXL QXYDåLXRVLP SDV %DOWDUDJLR 8UãXO
"
² 0DQ YLV WLHN ² VXWLNR -XUJXWLV ² SDV -DXGHJLÐ 0DUFHO
DU SDV %DOWDUDJLR 8UãXO
 WLN NDG
EHQW NDUW QXYHåWXP SLUãOLDLV
%DOWDUDJLV VWDLJD LããRNXV Lã XåNURVQLR -XUJXþLXL NLHN VXPLãR LU DWVLSHLN¡MR $U NDUWDLV LU MLV
SDWV QHNYDLOLRMD NDLS NRNV SXVEHUQLV" 7LNWDL -XRGYDONLV SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V LU JDOXWLQDL SDVLU\åR
² $U YHOQLDV þLD MXGX VWDLJD DSVWRMR" ² VXS\NR ² 6X YLHQX YDåLXRN SLUãOLDLV VX NLWX
YDåLXRN 1D JHUDL (LN SDULãN SULH %DOWDUDJLR DUNOLR VNDPEDO ² SDVLXQW¡ -XUJXW³ ² 3LUPD
QXYHãLX %DOWDUDJ³ SDV 0DUFHO
 R SDVNXL WDYH SDV 8UãXO
 *DO LU DSåHQ\VLX %DOD MÌVÐ QHPDW¡
² 2 NDLS JHUDL EXV ² QXVLãQ\SãW¡ -XUJXWLV GDU NDUW SUR YLHQ ãQLUSãO
SHU VLHNVQ³ LU LãE¡JR
SDVLãRNLQ¡GDPDV %DOWDUDJLR DUNOLXL VNDPEDOR SDULãWL
-DX VXWHPXV LãYDåLDYR -XRGYDONLV VX %DOWDUDJLX ³ -DXGHJLÐ VRG\E VNDUGHQGDPL SDHåHU¡PLV
SLUãOLÐ YDUSHOLX LU YLVNDV ODLPLQJDL SDVLEDLJ¡ 7LNWDL MDXQRVLRV W¡YDL Lã SUDGåLÐ YLVDL QHQRU¡MR SULLPWL
WRNLR SDVLY¡ODYXVLR MDXQLNLR VX SLUãOLX EHW 0DUFHO¡ NDåNRG¡O SDWL EDLVLDL XåVLJHLG¡ SDPLUãXVL YLV
PHUJ\VW¡V GURYXP
² 8å QLHNR NLWR QHLVLX ² VDNR ² WLNWDL Xå %DOWDUDJLR -LV EHQW SDVXSV PDQH DQW PDOÌQR
VSDUQÐ 3DJDOLDX LU W¡YDL QXVLOHLGR
² (LN ² VDNR W¡YDV ² MHLJX WDLS ODEDL ³VLJHLGHL PDOÌQLQLQNR EXL]RV %HW WX åHQWHOL MDX
QHS\N SDVRJRV QHJDXVL ,PN MHLJX QRUL M WRNL NDLS VWRYL
² 0DQ QLHNR GDXJLDX LU QHUHLNLD WLNWDL 0DUFHO¡V LU MRV MXRNR ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV
QHWLN¡GDPDV VDYR ODLPH
² 1D WR JHUR JDOL VX NDXSX JDXWL ² VXWLNR W¡YDV ² 1DPDPV G¡O WR PHQNDV QXRVWROLV
1HWUXNXV DEL SXV¡V JUHLWDL VXVLWDU¡ 0DUFHO¡ SUDSOLXSR Lã GåLDXJVPR MXRNWLV LU QHW SULVLSDåLQR
² 2 Dã ² VDNR ² QH YHOWXL GHY\QLV YDNDUXV SR GHY\QLDV åYDLJåGHOHV VNDLþLDX NODXVGDPD
NDV EXV PDQDVLV âWDL LU DWYDåLDYR GHãLPW YDNDU -LV LU EXV PDQR
%HW W¡YDPV EXYR PDåD UÌSHVþLR ² åYDLJåGHO¡V DU QH åYDLJåGHO¡V þLD SDG¡MR 3LOQD WURED EXYR
SULDXJDQþLÐMÐ NXU þLD MDV YLVDV LãOHLVL NDLS LãSDVRJLQVL" 1H NDUW W¡YDL 0DUFHO
VSLUWH VSLUGDYR NDG
HLWÐ Xå YLHQR DU NLWR MDXQLNLR NXULH VX SLUãOLDLV DWYDåLXRGDYR NDG SULDXJDQþLRPV XåOHLVWÐ HLO
 EHW
0DUFHO¡ SDWL WR QHåLQRGDPD NDåNRG¡O QXR YLVÐ SXUW¡VL LU QHQRU¡MR WHN¡WL 7DL GDEDU YLVXV QHPDåDL
QXVWHELQR R ODELDXVLDL SDW³ %DOWDUDJ³ NDL SDWL SDVLVLÌO¡ Xå MR HLWL
² 1D GDEDU OLHND WLNWDL %DOWDUDJLR 8UãXO
LãOHLVWL Xå PDQR SXVEHUQLR -XUJXþLR ² OLQNVPDL
WDU¡ -XRGYDONLV SDWHQNLQWDV QHODXNWDL V¡NPLQJRPLV SLUãO\ERPLV ² 7LNWDL GYLHMÐ MDXQDPDUþLÐ SHU
GDXJ YLHQXRVH QDPXRVH R PDQ ³ NDOY
PDUþLRV GDU QHUHLNLD . VHQ¡ SDVDN\WÐ" 6X ãOXRWD
MDXQDYHGåLXV LãVLY\WÐ
7LN YLHQDV WDV UÌSHVWLV GUXPVW¡ V¡NPLQJDV SLUãO\EDV %DOWDUDJLV WLHVLRJ QHåLQRMR N GDU\WL
NDLS þLD 8UãXOH DWVLNUDW\WL 1LHNR GRUR Q¡ -XRGYDONLV QHJDO¡MR VXJDOYRWL QRUV -XUJXWLV NDLS GLHJO\V ³
SDãRQ
³VLPHW
V QHDWVWRMR
² .DGD LU NDGD YDåLXRVLP SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR 8UãXO
" ² NDVGLHQ NODXVLQ¡MR
² 3DODXN ² WDU¡ Lã NDQWU\E¡V LãYHVWDV NDOYLV ² 3DåLÌU¡VLP NDLS þLD %DOWDUDJLXL LãHLV 2 WX
dar jaunas esi ir gali palaukti.
1HSDWHQNLQWDV -XUJXWLV ãQLUSãWHO¡MR SUR YLHQ ãQHUY
SHU VLHNVQ³ SUR NLW LU GÌP¡ WROLDX
GXPSOHV NDG QHW åLHåLUERV WU\ãNR Lã åDL]GUR LU VNUDLG¡ NDOY¡V SDOXE¡PLV SUR DXNãWLQ³ . GDXJLDX
darysi, kai reikia palaukti.
2 LU 8UãXO¡ VXåLQRMXVL DSLH SLUãO\EDV WULQNV¡MR Lã SLNWXPR GXULPLV LU YLVD SDåDOLDYXVL
EDOWDNLDYR ³ %DOWDUDJ³ 9LVDLS VYDUVW¡ VS¡OLRMR NDLS þLD DWVLWLNR NDG WD SLHPHQ¡ NDUW DWYDåLDYXVL
³
PDOÌQ DSVXNR %DOWUXNXL JDOY R ML YLVXV ãLUGLHV OÌNHVþLXV ³ M³ VXG¡MXVL YLV VDYR J\YHQLP
SDãYHQWXVL QHL DSNDOEÐ QHL QXRG¡P¡V QHSDELMRMXVL QH NDUW GDULXVL EXUWXV NDG WLN %DOWUXN ³ VDYR
SXV
SDOHQNWÐ EHW QLHNDV QHSDG¡MR LU YLVNDV QX¡MR SHUQLHN ,OJDPHW¡ PHLO¡ SDYLUWR QHDS\NDQWD
%DOWDUDJLXL LU SDJLHåD MR QXRWDNDL
6DYDLW¡ SR VDYDLW¡V âYHQGXEU¡V EDåQ\þLRMH ¡MR %DOWDUDJLR XåVDNDL VX 0DUFHOH LU QLHNR þLD
QHSDGDU\VL 1HEHQW NOHERQXL SDVLVNÐVL EHW N WDV SDG¡V" -XN VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV VHQLDL EXYR
SDGDULXVL NHUãWDXGDPD %DOWDUDJLXL R WDV LU G¡PHVLR QHDWNUHLS¡ ,U GDEDU YHQJ¡ VX MD VXVLWLNWL YLHQDV
EHOG¡VL XåVLGDU
V PDOÌQH LU ODXN¡ VDYR YHVWXYLÐ
2 8UãXO¡ JUHLþLDX EÌWÐ SDVDXOLR JDOR ODXNXVL QHJX WRV GLHQRV NDGD DWHLV ³ PDOÌQ QDXMD
ãHLPLQLQN¡ 1HJDO¡MR WYHUWLV YLHQD WD PLQWLPL 3ULPDQLXVL ² EÌWÐ ¡MXVL NXU DN\V PDWR EHW YLV
QHJDO¡MR DWVLSO¡ãWL QXR WRV YLHWRV NXU WLHN GDXJ ãLUGLHV LU YLOþLÐ EXYR VXG¡WD 7LNWDL %DOWDUDJLXL
LãYDåLDYXV ³ ãOLÌE YLVDL SDEOÌGR Lã WR VLHOYDUWR LU NR QHLã¡MR Lã SURWR 1XE¡JXVL DQW NDLPR NDSÐ
SULVLå¡U¡ SULMXRVW
VP¡OLR LU LãEDUVW¡ MXR NHOL NXULXR MDXQLHML LãYDåLDYR NDG MLHPV NHOLDV NU\åLXPL
VWRWÐ LU MLH QDPR QHVXJU³åWÐ 3DVNLDX LãV¡P¡ Lã åLGLQLR SHOHQXV NDG MDXQDPDUWHL åLGLQ\V QHOLHSVQRWÐ LU
MRV QHãLOG\WÐ LãEDUVW¡ MDLV VOHQNVW³ NDG MR QHSHUåHQJWÐ R MHLJX SHUåHQJV ² VX JUDEX NDG LãQHãWÐ
$WOLNXVL YLVDV EXUWÐ LU XåNHLNLPÐ DSHLJDV NDG MDXQDYHGåLDPV QHVLVHNWÐ 8UãXO¡ GDU ODLSLRMR WYRURPLV
LU åOLXPE¡ QHVDYX EDOVX
 'DXJ NDV PDW¡ 8UãXO
ODNVWDQW NDLS EH JDOYRV WYRURPLV ODLSLRMDQW LU åOLXPELDQW EHW SHU GDXJ
QHVLVWHE¡MR NDG VXNYDLOLRMR VHQD GDYDWND QHV YLVL åLQRMR MRV PHLO
%DOWDUDJLXL LU XåMDXW¡ VHQPHUJ¡V
QXVLY\OLP 7LNWDL GHMD QLHNDV QHVXSUDWR NDG þLD VX 8UãXOH NDåNDV NLWDV GDURVL LU UHLNWÐ M VX
ãHUPXNãQLQH OD]GD QXR WYRUÐ QXNHOWL LU QXPDOG\WL %HW SDJDOLDX SDWL 8UãXO¡ VXVLSUDWR LãJLUGXVL
SDUYDåLXRMDQW MDXQDYHGåLXV YRV QHQXVLYHUW¡ QXR WYRURV JUHLWDL SDVL¡P¡ U\ãXO¡O³ LU XåVLPDXNXVL
VNDUHO
DQW DNLÐ SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL ³ SDNDOQ

.HOLX SULHã NDOQ ãXROLDLV YDåLDYR YHVWXYLQLQNDL LU SLUPDPH YHåLPH V¡G¡MR %DOWDUDJLV
DSVLNDELQ
V 0DUFHO
VX EDOWX QXRPHWX UÌWRPLV DSVLNDLãLXVL %HW 8UãXO¡ SUR DãDUDV MDXQDYHGåLÐ
ODLP¡V QHSDPDW¡ R LU MRV QLHNDV QHSDVWHE¡MR 3UDYDåLXRGDPL WLN DSQHã¡ GXONLÐ GHEHVLX WR SDWLHV
VP¡OLR NXU³ ML LãEDUVW¡ *DO WRG¡O MRV EXUWDL LU XåNHLNLPDL SHUQLHN QX¡MR LU NULWR DQW MRV SDþLRV JDOYRV
%HQW WXR WDUSX QLHNR EORJR QH³Y\NR LU QLHNDV 8UãXO¡V QHSDVLJHGR WLNWDL -XUJXWLV SR %DOWDUDJLR
YHVWXYLÐ Y¡O SULH NDOYLR SULVWRMR NDGD YDåLXRVL SLUãOLDLV
² .DLS YDåLXRVLP ² DWVDN¡ NDOYLV ² NDG 8UãXO¡ SUDNHLN¡ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ LU SDWL
SDE¡JR" 7HNV SDODXNWL
² 3DODXNWL LU SDODXNWL² VXPXUP¡MR QHSDWHQNLQWDV -XUJXWLV LU QXVLãQ\SãW¡ SUR YLHQ ãQLUSãO

SHU VLHNVQ³ QHV QLHNR NLWR QHOLNR GDU\WL

2 %DOWDUDJLV SDUVLYHG¡ MDXQDPDUW

³ VDYR WURE NDLS VXJU³åXVL MDXQ\VW
 7ULV GLHQDV N¡O¡
YHVWXYHV NU\NãW¡ SR PDOÌQR NDOQ YLVDV 3DXGUXY¡V NDLPDV 0DOÌQDV LU WDV VWRY¡MR LãN¡O
V VSDUQXV O\J
NHWLQGDPDV Lã WR GåLDXJVPR SDNLOWL LU O¡NWL DU SDVLOHLVWL ãRNWL VX YLVDLV YHVWXYLQLQNDLV
2 %DOWDUDJLR LU SDåLQWL QHEXYR JDOLPD WDLS VWDLJD SDMDXQ¡MR LU DWJLMR 6XNRVL VX YLVDLV
YHVWXYLÐ UDWH NDLS WLNUDV MDXQLNLV QRUV LU VX SUDåLOXVLD JDOYD YLV ODLN QHLãOHLVGDPDV Lã DNLÐ 0DUFHO¡V
NDLS VDYR QHWLN¡WRV ODLP¡V NXUL DWURG¡ MDP NDLS VDSQDV JDO³V NLHNYLHQ DNLPLUN LãQ\NWL SDOLNGDPDV
EDLVÐ QXVLY\OLP
%HW 0DUFHO¡V MXRNDV NDLS VLGDEUR YDUSHOLV YLVXU VNDPE¡MR QXVWHOEGDPDV YHVWXYLÐ ÌåHV³ 2
DSLH %DOWDUDJ³ ML VXNRVL NDLS DS\Q¡OLV DWVLVNOHLVGDPD YLVDLV åLHGDLV 6NUDLG¡ VX MXR SR NLHP LU
PDOÌQ þLD VXVLNLEXVL UDQNRPLV þLD Y¡O LãWUÌNGDPD LU YLOLRGDPD NDG %DOWDUDJLR ãLUGLV Lã WR
GåLDXJVPR YRV LãWXU¡MR NUÌWLQ¡MH
'åLDXJ¡VL 0DUFHO¡ O\J SDWHNXVL ³ LãVYDMRW XåEXUW NDUDO\VW
 $U PDåDL M PDVLQR Lã SDW
PDåHQV PDOÌQDV Xå HåHUR DQW NDOQR VX EHVLVXNDQþLDLV VSDUQDLV" 2 GDEDU ML þLD MDXQDPDUW¡ LU EÌVLPD
ãHLPLQLQN¡ %DOWDUDJLV MDL QHDWURG¡ NDLS QXVHQ
V VHQEHUQLV WLNWDL NDLS SDVDNRV NDUDOLXV 'DEDU LU
SDVDND LU SDWV NDUDOLXV MDL SULNODXV¡ 7DL NDLS þLD QHVLGåLDXJVL MHL ãLUGLV SDWL YLUS¡MR NDLS VLGDEUR
varpelis.
² 7X PDQR P¡QHV¡OLV VX VLGDEUR SDNUDãW¡OLDLV ² MXRN¡VL 0DUFHO¡ JORVW\GDPD %DOWDUDJLR
SUDåLOXVL JDOY ² R Dã WDYR DXãULQ¡ åYDLJåGHO¡ 9LVDV PÌVÐ J\YHQLPDV EXV NDLS SDVDND
² $N WX PDQR SDVDNÐ NDUDODLWH ² JODPRQ¡MR %DOWDUDJLV VDYR MDXQM åPRQ YLV GDU
QHWLN¡GDPDV VDYR ODLPH LU QHJDO¡GDPDV DWJDXWL åDGR Lã WR GåLDXJVPR VNOLGLQDL SULSLOGåLXVLR MR ãLUG³ LU
YLVN DSOLQNXL ² VNDUG³ PDOÌQ HåHU LU VPLONVWDQþLDV SXã\QÐ YLUãÌQHV
7ULXNãPLQJDL Ìå¡ DQW NDOQR YHVWXY¡V LU %DOWDUDJLV ³WLN¡MR VDYR ãLUGLHV SDVDND QHNDQWULDL
ODXNGDPDV NDGD YLHQDV SDVLOLNV VX VDYR ODLPH LU QLHNDV MDP QHWUXNG\V MD GåLDXJWLV 3DJDOLDX
YHVWXYLQLQNDL LãVLVNLUVW¡ SDOLQN¡GDPL MDXQDYHGåLDPV GDXJ V¡NP¡V LU LOJR DPåLDXV 2 SLUãO\V
-XRGYDONLV QRUV EXYR NDUWDV Xå VXNWDV SLUãO\EDV EHW LãOLN
V J\YDV LU MDXQDPDUW¡V DSGRYDQRWDV
GY\OLNDQ\þLX UDQNãOXRVþLX OLQNVPDL PLUNWHO¡MR DWVLVYHLNLQGDPDV %DOWDUDJLXL
² 1D WDL åLÌU¡N DWVLPLQN VDYR SDåDGXV ² WDU¡ ² $ã QRULX NDG Xå WRNLDV SLUãO\EDV PDQ Xå
G\N PDOWXP QH WLN OLJL VDYR J\YRV JDOYRV EHW LU OLJL PDQR R Dã NHWLQX LOJDL J\YHQWL 7DL SDVLUÌSLQN
³S¡GLQLDLV
² *HUDL ² VXWLNR %DOWDUDJLV ² PDOVLX WDX Xå G\N OLJL VDYR LU WDYR J\YRV JDOYRV LU SHU
DPåLÐ DPåLXV NRO VXNVLV PDOÌQR VSDUQDL DQW VNDUGåLR LU WDYR NDOY¡ GXQG¡V SDNDOQ¡MH
$WVLVYHLNLQ
VX NDLP\QDLV LU VDYR SLUãOLX EÌVLPX NÌPX -XRGYDONLX MDXQDYHGåLDL SDVLOLNR
YLHQL GX QDPXRVH VX VDYR SDVLLOJLPDLV NXULH SODXN¡ NDLS GHEHV¡OLDL JLHGUD YDNDUR SDGDQJH
$QNVWL U\W SR YHVWXYLÐ ÌåLDQW PDOÌQXL SDEXGR 0DUFHO¡ VYHWLPRMH VHNO\þLRMH
QHVXVLYRNGDPD VDSQXRMD DU Lã WLNUR WDLS \UD ² LãVLSLOGåLXVL VYDMRQ¡ 3LUPDV VDXO¡V VSLQGXO\V
ãY\VWHO¡MR ³ WURE LU 0DUFHO¡ OLQNVPD LU ODLPLQJD SULE¡JR SULH ODQJR O\J ³VLWLNLQWL QRU¡GDPD NDG
SUDG¡MXVL QDXM J\YHQLP 7LNUDL WLHV SDNULÌWH VXNRVL PDOÌQR VSDUQDL LU PDOÌQDV Ìå¡ WROXPRMH
W\YXOLDYR 8GUXY¡V HåHUDV R Xå DONÌQ¡V åDOLDYR DSVDPDQRMXVL JLPWLQ¡V VRG\ED
 9LHQ DNLPLUN VXVSDXG¡ 0DUFHO¡V ãLUG³ JLPWÐMÐ QDPÐ SDVLLOJLPDV 1HJL Lã WLNUÐMÐ MXRV EXV
DPåLQDL SDOLNXVL" äYLOJWHO¡MXVL VX QHULPX DWVLJU³åR ³ WURE NXUL WXU¡MR SDYLUVWL MRV QDXMDLV QDPDLV 7LN
GDEDU SDVWHE¡MR NRNLDLV YRUDWLQNOLDLV MLH DSUDL]J\WL LU NLHN þLD GDXJ VYHWLPÐ GXONLÐ LU ãLXNãOLÐ
7DL JUHLWDL DWVLGDULXVL ODQJXV LU GXULV JULHE¡VL ãOXRWRV NDG YLVL NDPSDL SDUÌNR GXONLÐ
GHEHVLPLV LU LãYLUWR ³ ODXN ,ããODYXVL DVO LãEDUVþLXVL VP¡OLX LU PHOGDLV DWVLGDU¡ NUDLWLQ
VNU\QL LU
SUDG¡MR GDQJVW\WL YLVXV EDOGXV UDNDQGXV PDUJDUDãþLDLV DXGLQLDLV NDG VXUÌNXVL WURED VWDLJD DWMDXQ¡MR
LU QXãYLWR NDLS MDXQDPDUW¡
$SVLWYDUNLXVL 0DUFHO¡ SXRO¡ SULH NURVQLHV LU XåNÌU¡ SLUP NDUW åLGLQ³ 5ÌNR GÌPDL NURVQLV
EXYR XåJDUJ¡MXVL EHW LU þLD QDXMD ãOXRWD SDG¡MR LU NURVQ\MH OLQNVPDL VXå¡UDYR XJQHO¡ 0DUFHO¡
XåNDLWXVL SXVU\þLXV VX ãOXRWD LãE¡JR ³ PDOÌQ
%DOWDUDJLV SDPDW
V SUR DXNãWLQ³ ODQJHO³ M DWE¡JDQþL SDVLWLNR DQW ODLSWÐ QRU¡MR DSJO¡EWL EHW
ML SDVSUXNR LU XåE¡JR ³ YLUãÐ
² . WX þLD GDU\VL PDQR SDXNãWHOH" ² QXVWHER %DOWDUDJLV SDVNXL Y\GDPDVLV
² 3DPDW\VL ² DWVDN¡ E¡JGDPD 0DUFHO¡ SDNHOLXL DWLGDU\GDPD YLVDV PDOÌQR VNOHQGHV LU
ODQJHOLXV DSOLQNXL PRVXRGDPD ãOXRWD LU YLVDV ãLXNãOHV LU GXONHV ãOXRGDPD ³ DSDþL
%DOWDUDJLV SDVNHQGR GXONLÐ GHEHV\MH LU VSUXNR Lã VDYR PDOÌQR þLDXG¡GDPDV R SDVNXL
MXRNGDPDVL 0DUFHO¡ ãOXRGDPD ODLSWDLV åHP\Q YLVXV PDOÌQR YRUDWLQNOLXV LU VXVLJXO¡MXVLXV GXONLÐ
NORGXV ,ããODYXVL PDOÌQ 0DUFHO¡ QXPHW¡ ³ SDãDO³ ãOXRW LU SDVLOHLGR WHNLQD SDNULÌWH ³ HåHU
² 'DEDU SDJDXN MHL JDOL ² ãÌNWHO¡MR DSVWXOEXVLDP %DOWDUDJLXL
0DOÌQDV UÌNR SUR YLVXV SO\ãLXV EHW VSDUQDL VXNRVL LU VNODLG¡ GXONHV R DWVLNYRã¡M
V %DOWDUDJLV
ãRNR Y\WLV VNDUGåLX VNUHQGDQþL 0DUFHO
 7LN NRO MLV DWE¡JR 0DUFHO¡ VS¡MR QXVLUHQJWL LU SÌNãWHO¡MXVL ³
VNDLGUÐ YDQGHQ³ QXSODXN¡ WROL ³ HåHU
7DLS SUDVLG¡MR SLUPD MDXQDYHGåLÐ GLHQD %DOWDUDJLV SDVLYLMR VDYR MDXQDPDUW
SULH YDQGHQV
OHOLMÐ NXULÐ ML EXYR SULVLVN\QXVL SLOQ JO¡E³ /DLPLQJL LU OLQNVPL JU³åR Lã HåHUR VXVLNDELQ
UDQNRPLV
%DOWDUDJLV Lã WR GåLDXJVPR EÌWÐ DQW UDQNÐ QHã
V VDYR ODLP
³ NDOQ EHW 0DUFHO¡ LãWUÌNXVL SDWL YLHQD
XåE¡JR NYDWRGDPD
6XVLWLNR NLHPH SULH å\GLQþLRV REHOV NXUL SULGHQJ¡ MXRV VDYR ãDNRPLV /LQNVPDV 0DUFHO¡V
MXRNDV QXVWHOE¡ PDOÌQR ÌåLP 2 %DOWDUDJLV QX¡M
V ³ WURE QHSDåLQR VDYR WURERV ²WRNLD ML EXYR
DWMDXQ¡MXVL LU SDJUDå¡MXVL NDG QHW DN\VH ãYLHVLDX SDVLGDU¡
² 2L WX PDQR ODLPH ² WDU¡ %DOWDUDJLV Y¡O DSJO¡EGDPDV 0DUFHO
 ² -XN WX PDQ VDYR
MDXQ\VW¡V GåLDXJVP DWQHãHL ³ VXUÌNXVL WURE
0DUFHO¡ QXVLMXRNXVL LãVLVXNR Lã %DOWDUDJLR JO¡ELR LU MDX QHã¡ ³ VWDO JDUXRMDQþLXV GXEHQLV
² 6¡VNLV SXVU\þLÐ QHVSRNVRM
V 'DU VXåDY¡VL ² QXVLMXRN¡
%HW VXåDY¡WDV %DOWDUDJLV DWVLV¡GR Xå VWDOR LU ULHN¡ QDXM GXRQRV NHSDO YLV GDU QHJDO¡GDPDV
DWLWUDXNWL DNLÐ QXR 0DUFHO¡V LU ã\SVRGDPDV JLHGUD ODLPLQJD ã\SVHQD NDLS GDU QLHNDGD VDYR J\YHQLPH
² 6U¡EN ãYLHåLHQD ² OLQNVPDL 0DUFHO¡ NDXNãWHO¡MR ãDXNãWX ³ NDNW XåVLVSRNVRMXVLDP
Baltaragiui.
%DOWDUDJLV QXVLMXRN¡ LU SLUP NDUW VX VDYR åPRQD VU¡E¡ SXVU\þLÐ EDUãþLXV Lã YLHQR GXEHQLR 2
ODLP¡V EXYR SHU NUDãWXV ,U VDXO¡ YLV GDXJLDX DSãYLHW¡ WURE LãSXRãW PDUJDLV MDXQDPDUW¡V NUDLþLDLV

XI

%HW WUXPSD NDLS YDVDURV VDSQDV EXYR %DOWDUDJLR ODLP¡ 3UD¡MR PHWDL NDLS YLHQD GLHQD R MLV YLV
GDU QHDWVLSHLN¡MR Lã VDYR GåLDXJVPR 9LV ODLN åLÌU¡MR ³ 0DUFHO
 O\J QHWLN¡GDPDV VDYR ODLPH LU
QHJDO¡GDPDV DWVLåLÌU¡WL 7LHVLRJ JDOYRV QHWHNR SDNYDLã
V VHQEHUQLV JDY
V WRNL JUDåL LU OLQNVP
åPRQ %LMRMR åRG³ SUDOHLVWL QHLãJLUG
V ã\SVHQ ² QHSDPDW
V 9LVXU VHNLRMR VDYR 0DUFHO
 Q¡
åLQJVQLR QHDWVWRGDPDV
0DUFHOHL JDO EÌWÐ ³N\U¡MXVL WRNLD %DOWDUDJLR PHLO¡ EHW ML PRN¡MR YLVN MXRNDLV SDYHUVWL
6NUDLG¡ NDLS SDXNãþLXN¡ Lã WURERV ³ PDOÌQ Lã PDOÌQR ³ SDHåHU
 %DOWDUDJLV QRUV LU DWMDXQ¡M
V
QHVS¡GDYR MRV VHNWL R ML NYDWRGDPD MXRNGDYRVL NDG QHW DãDURV DN\VH LãWU\NãGDYR
-RV OLQNVPR MXRNR EXYR SLOQL QDPDL SLOQDV PDOÌQDV SLOQDV VNDUGLV LU SDHåHU¡ LU %DOWDUDJLV
WRNV ODLPLQJDV EXYR NDG QHW VDYR ODLP¡V ELMRMR O\J NDåN QXMDXVGDPDV 2 0DUFHO¡ QLHNR QHSDLV¡
YLVNDV M OLQNVPLQR LU MRV ãLUG³ GåLXJLQR -L Q¡ NLHN QHVLMDXW¡ HVDQWL LãWHN¡MXVL PRWHULV LU WXULQWL
VXULPW¡WL YLV GDU EXYR WRNLD SDW QHUÌSHVWLQJD LãG\NXVL PHUJDLW¡ LU QRU¡MR SDVLVXSWL DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ
2 YLHQ NDUW ² WDL EXYR SR PHWÐ UXGHQ³ NDL JHUY¡V VNULGR ² LãE¡JR 0DUFHO¡ DQW JRQNÐ LU
SDPDW¡ JHUYLÐ YLUWLQ
 VNUHQGDQþL SHU HåHU *UDXGXV JHUYLÐ JLUJV¡MLPDV VWDLJD SDJDYR 0DUFHO¡V
ãLUG³ LU ML LãWLHVXVL UDQNDV E¡JR SULH HåHUR SDNULÌW¡V QRU¡GDPD GDU NDUW MDV SDPDW\WL QXVLOHLGåLDQW Xå
DNLUDþLR DU SDWL VX MRPLV VNULVWL ³ GDXVDV
 %HW þLD ãP¡NãWHO¡MR SUR ãDO³ PDOÌQR VSDUQDV LU 0DUFHO¡ SDWL QHåLQR NDLS XåVLNDELQR DQW
VSDUQR WDUWXP SULVLPLQXVL VHQ VDYR VYDMRQ
SDVLVXSWL DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ LU SUDG¡MR NLOWL ³ YLUãÐ
9LVD ODLP¡ NDG %DOWDUDJLV LãJLUG
V JHUYLÐ JLUJV¡MLP åYLOJWHO¡MR SUR ODQJHO³ LU SDPDW¡
0DUFHO
 N\ODQþLD VX PDOÌQR VSDUQX 7LHVLRJ DSPLU¡ Lã EDLP¡V LU NDåNRNLR ãLXUSXOLQJR QXMDXWLPR
² 0DUFHOH N WX GDUDL" ² QHVDYX EDOVX VXãXNR LU VWY¡U¡VL VWDEG\WL PDOÌQ
0DOÌQDV JLUJåG¡GDPDV VXVWRMR R 0DUFHO¡ QXãRNR QXR VSDUQR LU MXRNLDVL
² 1HJHUDL² VDNR ² NDG VXVWDEGHL PDOÌQ $ã QRU¡MDX DXNãWDL DXNãWDL LãNLOWL LU VNULVWL VX
JHUY¡PLV 7RNLD ODLPLQJD EXYDX
Bet staiga dingo šypsena jos veide, ji visa išbalo ir pasviro.
² $N\VH NDåNRG¡O UDLEVWD ² JULHE¡VL Xå ãLUGLHV LU VXVPXNR DQW %DOWDUDJLR UDQNÐ
² .DV WDX \UD PDQR SDXNãWHOH" ² QXVLJDQGR %DOWDUDJLV LU SD¡P¡ M ³ JO¡E³
0DUFHO¡ YLVD NDLS HSXã¡V ODSDV GUHE¡MR
² 1HåLQDX ² DWVDN¡ LãEDOXVL 0DUFHO¡ ² 7DUVL ãLUG\MH GåLDXJVPR J\VOD EÌWÐ QXWUÌNXVL
² $N WX PDQR LãG\N¡OH ² VX SULHNDLãWX LU PHLOH SDåLÌU¡MR %DOWDUDJLV ³ XåPHUNWDV 0DUFHO¡V
DNLV ² .DP JL WDX UHLN¡MR NHOWLV DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ"
0DUFHO¡ QHDWVDN¡ WLNWDL YLVD SULVLJODXG¡ SULH %DOWDUDJLR 7DGD ML NDLS WLN SR ãLUGLPL QHãLRMR
1XQHã¡ %DOWDUDJLV DQW UDQNÐ 0DUFHO
³ WURE LU SDJXOG¡ 1XR WRV GLHQRV GLQJR MRV OLQNVPXPDV
7DUVL Lã WLNUÐMÐ EÌWÐ MRV ãLUG\MH GåLDXJVPR J\VOD QXWUÌNXVL LU QXWLO
V MXRNR YDUSHOLV
3UR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV VOLQNR UXGHQV GHEHV\V ãYLOS¡ Y¡MDL PDLã¡VL GDUJDQD %XYR SDWV PDOLPR
PHWDV EHW PDOÌQDV YLV GDåQLDX VWRY¡MR VXVWLQJ
V NDLS ãP¡NOD DQW SDNULÌW¡V 9DOVWLHþLDL DWYDåLDY
³
PDOÌQ LU UDG
M³ VWRYLQW³ ¡MR ³ WURE QXMDXVGDPL QHODLP
 7HQ DWUDVGDYR %DOWDUDJ³ VXVL¡PXV³ JDOY
V¡GLQW³ SULH åPRQRV ORYRV
² .R VLHORMLHVL" ² Lã NDUWR VXSUDWR %DOWDUDJLR VLHOYDUW 7DLS EXYR WDLS EXV R EH VNDXVPR
Q¡UD GåLDXJVPR 0DON S\UDJXV WDLV\N DOÐ LU ODXN NULNãW\QÐ
%DOWDUDJLV VX W\OLX SULHNDLãWX SDVLåLÌU¡M
V ³ YDOVWLHþLXV LU VX PHLOH ³ LãEDOXVL åPRQ
SDNLOGDYR LU HLGDYR ³ PDOÌQ %HW VXS\O
V JUÌGXV ³ JLUQDV Y¡O VXJU³åGDYR LU DWVLV¡VGDYR SULH ORYRV
JORVW\GDPDV 0DUFHO¡V JDOY LU åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ MRV DNLV OLÌGQDL ã\SVDQþLDV SUR VNDXVP VX JLHGUD
motinos viltimi.
%HW 0DUFHO¡ SUDG¡MR EODãN\WLV Lã QHSDNHOLDPR VNDXVPR LU %DOWDUDJ³ QHåLQDQW³ N GDU\WL
WLNWDL Lã VLHOYDUWR UDXQDQW³ SODXNXV SDNHLW¡ SULH JLPG\Y¡V ORYRV NDLP\QÐ DWVLÐVWD EREXW¡
² .DV \UD XRJHOH" ² SDOLQNR ML SULH JLPG\Y¡V ã\SVRGDPD YLVRPLV YHLGR UDXNãO¡PLV LL
VXVLUÌSLQGDPD ²$U WLN QH SHU DQNVWL" %HW SDNHQW¡N SDNHQW¡N SR NDQþLRV VXODXNVL GLGHOLR
GåLDXJVPR
%REXW¡ ¡P¡ UXRãWLV ODXNGDPD QDXMDJLPLR LU DWVLJU³åR ³ VXVLNULPWXV³ %DOWDUDJ³ NXULV YLV GDU
QHåLQRMR N GDU\WL
² 7DX þLD Q¡UD NR YHLNWL ² WDU¡ MDP DWODLGåLDL EREXW¡ ² 9HUþLDX HLN VDX ³ PDOÌQ
%DOWDUDJLV åYLOJWHO¡M
V PDOGDXGDPDV ³ EREXW
 VXNOXSR GDU NDUW SULH 0DUFHO¡V ORYRV LU
VXVLWLNR MRV YLVD SDNHOLDQW³ åYLOJVQ³ VX ãYLQWDQþLD SUR VNDXVPXV ã\SVHQD 7DGD %DOWDUDJLR ãLUG\MH
VXUXVHQR YLOWLV NDG YLVNDV ODLPLQJDL SDVLEDLJV 0DUFHO¡V NDQþLD LU MRV VLHOYDUWDV SDYLUV GYLJXED DELHMÐ
laime.
6X WD YLOWLPL %DOWDUDJLV Lã¡MR ³ PDOÌQ QRUV LU VOHJLDPDV UÌSHVþLR LU GUDVNRPDV QXMDXWLPR
DEHMRQLÐ 3DOHLGR VXNWLV PDOÌQR VSDUQXV NDG MLH JUHLþLDX VNDLþLXRWÐ O¡WDL VOHQNDQW³ ODLN R MLV SDWV
NODXV\GDPDV JLUQÐ ÌåLPR åLÌU¡MR SUR YLUãXWLQ³ ODQJHO³ ODXNGDPDV LU EDLVLDL QHULPDXGDPDV
3UR O¡WDL EHVLVXNDQþLXV PDOÌQR VSDUQXV SDPDåX NULWR SLUPRV VQDLJ¡V LU PLUJXOLDYR ãYLHVLRPLV
åYDLJåGXW¡PLV 'DQJXV EXYR DSQLXN
V LãEO¡V
V EH SURãYDLVW¡V 3UR VQLHJR ÌN VWLQJR SDNDOQ¡MH
HåHUDV LU SDNUDQþLÐ SXã\QÐ YLUãÌQ¡V GHQJ¡VL EDOWRPLV GUREXO¡PLV
%DOWDUDJLV QHUDPLDL OÌNXULDYR NODXV\GDPDV PDOÌQR ÌåLPR LU SDPDåX VOHQNDQþLÐ åLHPRV
VXWHPÐ 3DJDOLDX WURERV ODQJH VXPLUJ¡MR åLEXU¡OLV LU %DOWDUDJLV VWLQJVWDQþLD ãLUGLPL SXRO¡ ³ WURE
WLN¡GDPDVLV DWUDVWL QDXMDL XåJLPXVL ODLP

3LUNLRMH SDVLWLNR %DOWDUDJ³ VXVLUÌSLQXVL EREXW¡ VX NO\NLDQþLX QDXMDJLPLX DQW UDQNÐ R SULH
0DUFHO¡V ORYRV GHJ¡ YDãNLQ¡ åYDN¡ .UÌSWHO¡M
V %DOWDUDJLV åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ NÌGLN³ LU SXRO¡ SULH åPRQRV
QHVXSUDVGDPDV NDV þLD ³Y\NR
² 0DUFHOH GåLDXJVPH PDQR ² VXNOXSR MLV SULH ORYRV VWLQJVWDQþLD ãLUGLPL
0DUFHO¡ JXO¡MR EH åDGR LãEDOXVL NDLS GURE¡ LU XåPHUNXVL VDYR ãYLHVLDV DNLV
² 7RNLD GLHYR YDOLD ² DWVLOLHS¡ EREXW¡ PDOG\GDPD QDXMDJLP³ ² JLP¡ GXNW¡ PLU¡ PRWLQD
%DOWDUDJLV QHLãJLUGR MRV åRGåLÐ LU NÌGLNLR YHUNVPR WLNWDL SDWV QHWHNR åDGR LU VXVWLQJR
DSVLNDELQ
V åPRQRV ODYRQ LU SDMXW
V NDG YLVN SDVDXO\MH SUDUDGR
 3R ODLPLQJRV YDVDURV LU JLHGUR UXGHQV Xå ODQJÐ OHLGRVL UÌVþLRV åLHPRV VXWHPRV

XII

7 OLÌGQ åLHPRV YDNDU QXVWRMR VXNWLV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV 6X MR VSDUQDLV DSVLVXNR J\YHQLPR
ratas. O Baltaragio troboje atsirado lopšys ir karstas.
6XVLULQN
³ ãHUPHQLV NDLP\QDL SDãDUYRMR 0DUFHO
DQW VWDOR VXG¡MR NU\åLXPL UDQNDV DQW
NUÌWLQ¡V LU JDOH JDOYRV XååLHE¡ YDãNR åYDNHV 6SUDJV¡GDPRV åYDN¡V DSãYLHW¡ 0DUFHO¡V LãEDOXV³ YHLG LU
VXVWLQJXVLDV OÌSDV VX SDVNXWLQH ã\SVHQD -L LU JUDEH DWURG¡ NDLS XåPLJXVL QXRWDND
2 %DOWDUDJLV SDUEORNãWDV QHSDNHOLDPR VDYR VLHOYDUWR VXNOXS
V UDXGRMR SULH JUDER LU YLVDL
NDLS SDNYDLã
V PDOGDYR SUR DãDUDV NDG 0DUFHO¡ EHQW SDVNXWLQ³ NDUW QXVLMXRNWÐ LU SDOLNWÐ MDP
J\YHQLPR YLOW³
%HW 0DUFHO¡ VXVWLQJXVL W\O¡MR EH åDGR 7LNWDL Lã ORSãLR DWVLOLHS¡ PDåRV QDãODLW¡O¡V JUDXGXV
YHUNVPDV 7DGD NUÌSWHO¡MR %DOWDUDJLV LU WDUVL SDEXGR Lã VDYR VLHOYDUWR 3UL¡MR SULH ORSãLR LU VXVWRMR 2
NÌGLNLV YLV JDUVLDX NO\N¡ WDUVL ãDXNGDPDV PRWLQ LU QHSULVLãDXNGDPDV 6XVLULQNXVLRV ³ ãHUPHQLV
PRWHU\V ãOXRVW¡VL VNDUHOLÐ NDPSDLV DãDUDV LU SXRO¡ PDOG\WL NÌGLN³ R %DOWDUDJLV VWRY¡MR O\J
VXDNPHQ¡M
V DNLÐ QHQXOHLVGDPDV QXR ORSãLR LU NDåN EH JDOR VXQNLDL JDOYRGDPDV
3DJDOLDX NÌGLNLV DSULPR O\J SDMXW
V GLGåLM QHODLP
 R %DOWDUDJLV YLV GDU QHVLWUDXN¡ QXR
ORSãLR 6WDPELRV DãDURV ULWRVL SHU MR VNUXRVWXV LU MLV W\O¡GDPDV URY¡ VDX QXR JDOYRV åLOXV SODXNXV
7DGD MLV VXSUDWR N QHDSGDLULDL 3LQþXNXL EXYR SDåDG¡M
V Xå WUXPS VDYR J\YHQLPR ODLP¡V PLUNVQ³ LU
proto visai neteko.
7URERMH VNOLGR JHGXOR JLHVP¡V LU NDLP\QDL XåYRå
JUDEH 0DUFHO
 UHQJ¡VL LãQHãWL M ³ DPåLQR
SRLOVLR YLHW 3DNLO
V QXR ORSãLR %DOWDUDJLV SXRO¡ SULH JUDER QHOHLVGDPDV LãQHãWL MR Lã WURERV O\J
DPåLQDL QRU¡GDPDV VX MXR SDVLOLNWL
.DLP\QDL SULHYDUWD LãQHã¡ JUDE Lã WURERV LU %DOWDUDJ³ SDVNXL LãVLWHPS¡ $QW SDNULÌW¡V VWRY¡MR
VXVWLQJ
V PDOÌQDV R VDXO¡OHLGåLR åDURMH DSOLQNXL HåHU VPLONR NDLS JUDEQ\þLRV DSVQLJWRV SXã\QÐ
YLUãÌQ¡V
/LÌGQD ODLGRWXYLÐ HLVHQD QXVLOHLGR QXR PDOÌQR VNDUGåLR LU VX JUDXGåLRPLV JHGXOR JLHVP¡PLV
SDVXNR SUDPLQWX SDHåHU¡V NHOHOLX ³ NDLPR NDSXV DQW NDOQHOLR %DOWDUDJLV SDQDULQ
V JDOY O\J SUR ÌN
VHN¡ SDVNXL JUDE QLHNR QHPDW\GDPDV LU QHJLUG¡GDPDV WLNWDL MDXVGDPDV NDG SDO\GL ³ NDSXV YLV VDYR
J\YHQLPR ODLP
LU MDP SDVLOLHND WLNWDL YLHQDV EHYLOWLãNDV VLHOYDUWDV
3UR VXNU\SXVLXV NDSÐ NU\åLXV EODQNR VDXO¡OHLGLV NDL 0DUFHO¡V JUDE QXOHLGR ³ GXRE

6XGXQG¡MR SLUPL åHP¡V JUXPVWDL ³ NDUVWR DQWYRå %DOWDUDJLV QXR MÐ NXUWDXV ELOGHVLR O\J DWVLSHLN¡MR LU
SXRO¡ SULH GXRE¡V NDG LU M³ GUDXJH SDODLGRWÐ
² $U YLVDL JDOYRV QHWHNDL åPRJDX" ² VXGUDXG¡ M³ -XRGYDONLV VWYHUGDPDV Xå SHþLÐ LU
VXODLN\GDPDV ² 6XOLJ VDXOH QLHNDV QHJ\YHQD %XV ODLNDV ² ãDOLD DWVLJXOVL R GDEDU GDU WXUL XåDXJLQWL
GXNWHU³
%DOWDUDJLV NUÌSWHO¡MR LU DSULPR VWLSULÐ NDOYLR UDQNÐ ODLNRPDV WLNWDL MDXW¡ NDG VX NLHNYLHQD
åHP¡V VDXMD O\J ãLUGLV NULVWÐ ³ GXRE
LU MLV SDWV ³ M JULÌWÐ -XRGYDONLV YRV JDO¡MR QXODLN\WL
VWHE¡GDPDVLV QH WLHN MR VLHOYDUWX NLHN WD M¡JD NXUL WUDXN¡ ³ åHP
 7LNWDL WDGD NDL VXS\O¡ DQWNDS³
-XRGYDONLV SDOHLGR VDYR ELþLXO³ GXRGDPDV YDOL MDP SDþLDP SDNHOWL VDYR QHODLP
 2 ãLV VXVY\UDY
V
JULXYR DQW åHP¡V DSJO¡EGDPDV NDS LU UDXGRGDPDV NDLS PRWHULV
² *DQD MDX JDQD ² VXEDU¡ M³ -XRGYDONLV SDWV VXVLJUDXGLQGDPDV LU QXEUDXNGDPDV QHW\þLD
LãWU\ãNXVL DãDU ² %ÌN Y\UDV ODLN\NLV 5HLNLD J\YHQWL LU YLVN SDNHOWL R NDV PLU¡ ² DPåLQ DWLOV³
WHVLOVL UDP\E¡MH
3DJDOLDX DWSO¡ã
V SULHYDUWD %DOWDUDJ³ QXR NDSR -XRGYDONLV SDUYHG¡ M³ VXWHPXV QDPR 2 MLV ¡MR
O\J VDSQXRGDPDV LU QHVXYRNGDPDV NXU HLQD 9LVNDV VXVLPDLã¡ YDNDUR ãHã¡OLXRVH $QW NDOQR O\J
SDNLO
V ³ RU VWRY¡MR PDOÌQDV %HW LU MLV EXYR NDåNXU QXWRO
V $XNãWDL LãNLO
³ SDGDQJ
VSDUQDL WDUVL
NDOE¡MRVL VX PLUJDQþLRPLV åYDLJåG¡PLV LU DPåLQ\EH %DOWDUDJLV DLãNLDL JLUG¡MR W NDOE WLN QHJDO¡MR
QLHNR VXSUDVWL *DOYRMH LU ãLUG\MH YLVNDV GUXPVW¡VL NDLS ÌNDQD
³¡M
V ³ WURE %DOWDUDJLV NLHN DWVLSHLN¡MR 3DWDPV\MH SULH ORSãLR V¡G¡MR EREXW¡
7LNWDL
OÌNXULXRGDPD LU QLÌQLXRGDPD JUDXGåL ORSãLQ

² ýLÌþLDOLÌOLD QDãODLW¡OH NDLS XåDXJVL YDUJGLHQ¡OH EDOWÐ GURELÐ DXG¡M¡OH
/RSã\V SDPDåX OLQJDYR R MDPH UDPLDL PLHJRMR QDXMDJLP¡ 7LN NDUWLV SDOXE¡MH JLUJåG¡MR
SULWDUGDPD QLÌQLDYLPXL 7DV JUDXGXV JLUJåGHV\V LU QLÌQLDYLPDV SULåDGLQR %DOWDUDJ³ LU MLV Y¡O SXRO¡
SULH ORSãLR XåPLUã
V ODLGRWXYHV LU SDJDXWDV QDXMR UÌSHVþLR NXULV YLVN QXVWHOE¡ O\J QHSHUPDWRPDV
UÌNDV
² 9DUJHOL WX PDQR ² WDU¡ EREXW¡ SDNLOGDPD QXR ORSãLR ² 1HLãPDQDX N þLD LU EHGDU\WL"
/DXNLX MÌVÐ VXJU³åWDQW Lã ODLGRWXYLÐ R PDQH MDX NYLHþLD SULH NLWR QDXMDJLPLR %HW NDLS þLD MXGX YLHQXV
palikti?
² 7DL HLN NDG NYLHþLD ² DWVDN¡ MDL NDOYLV SDWDPV\MH DSVLJUDLE\GDPDV LU XååLHEGDPDV åLEXU³
² VSLQJVXO
YLUãXP VWDOR NXUL EODQNLDL DSãYLHW¡ WURE
%DOWDUDJLV SDVLOLNR EHVWRY³V SULH ORSãLR O\J VXDNPHQ¡M
V WLN SHU MR YHLG VOLQNR QHUDPÌV
ãHã¡OLDL LU QXVYLUXVL UDQND SDPDåX VXSR ORSã³
6XVLUÌSLQ
V -XRGYDONLV SULV¡GR SULH VWDOR QHLãPDQ\GDPDV N þLD GDEDU GDU\WL WDL DSVLGDLU
V
SULVLNLPãR S\SN
ODSLQLR WDEDNR LU XåVLWUDXN¡ NDUWDXV GÌPR
7URERMH W\OLDL NDLS SHO¡ NUDSãW¡VL EREXW¡ UHQJGDPDVL LãHLWL %HW MRV QHSDVWHE¡MR QHL
%DOWDUDJLV VXSGDPDV OLQJ
 NXUL JUDXGåLDL JLUJåG¡MR SULWDUGDPD MR OLÌGQRPV PLQWLPV QHL -XRGYDONLV
WUDXNGDPDV NDUWÐ GÌP LU QHVXJDOYRGDPDV NDLS þLD ELþLXOLXL SDG¡WL
3DJDOLDX EREXW¡ DSVLJDXEXVL LãHLJLQH VNDUD SUL¡MR SULH ORSãLR DSNDPã¡ SDPRN¡ NDLS HOJWLV
VX QDXMDJLPH LU SDJORVW¡ %DOWDUDJLXL QXOLQNXVL JDOY
² 7RNLD GLHYR YDOLD ² WDU¡ DWVLVYHLNLQGDPD ² 1LHNR QHSDGDU\VL 2 Dã U\WRM MHL VS¡VLX
XåE¡JVLX SDåLÌU¡WL 1D WDL LU EÌN VYHLNDV
%DOWDUDJLV SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ M O\J PDOGDXGDPDV LU EHYLOWLãNDL SDJDOERV LHãNRGDPDV %REXW¡
DWVLGXVR SDOLQJDYR JDOY O\J SULWDUGDPD LU SDW\OLXNDLV Lã¡MR %DOWDUDJLV QHJDO¡MR VXVLYRNWL NDV þLD VX
MXR GDURVL 9DLGHQRVL YLVDV J\YHQLPDV ² QHDLãNXV VXGUXPVWDV PLJORWDV âDOLPDLV Ìå¡ WDUWXP
PDOÌQDV DQW QHUDPDXV HåHUR NUDQWR %HW DU WLNUDL MLV Ìå¡" 3DN¡O¡ JDOY ³VLNODXV¡ ² W\OX Q¡ JDUVR 7LN
OLQJ¡ SDOXE¡MH JLUJåGD 6WDLJD ãP¡NãWHO¡MR SULHWHPRMH 3LQþXNDV NODVWLQJDL QXVLãLHSGDPDV %HW DU WLNUDL
EXYR WDV 3LQþXNDV R JDO WLNWDL SULVLVDSQDYR" .DåNDV QHDLãNDXV SUDVOLQNR VX PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ ãHã¡OLX $U
QH 0DUFHO¡ DQW MÐ VXSDVL" âLUG\MH VPLONWHO¡MR LU MLV DSVLGåLDXJ¡ LãJLUG
V MRV NU\NãWDYLP LU MXRN
%DOWDUDJLV NUÌSWHO¡MR LU Y¡O XåJULXYR PLUWLQD W\OD .XU 0DUFHO¡ GLQJR" %HW DU EXYR ML R JDO WLN
MR LOJHVLR VYDMRQ¡ NXUL LãVLVNODLG¡ VX PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV NDLS DS\DXãULR PLJORV" 3DVLOHQN¡ %DOWDUDJLV
SULH ORSãLR VDSQDL LU VYDMRQ¡V LãQ\NR O\J QHEXY
 R QDXMDV J\YHQLPDV PLHJRMR ORSã\MH %DOWDUDJLV
åLÌU¡MR ³ M³ NDLS XåNHU¡WDV LU DNLÐ QHJDO¡GDPDV QXR MR DWLWUDXNWL
-XRGYDONLV YLV GDU V¡G¡MR Xå VWDOR Xå NXULR QHVHQLDL OLQNVPLQRVL SHU YHVWXYHV LU QXR NXULR
ãLDQGLHQ LãQHã¡ MDXQDPDUW¡V JUDE SULVO¡JWDV VXQNLÐ PLQþLÐ LU WUDXNGDPDV GÌP NXULV NDPXROLDLV NLOR
³ SDOXE
LU VNODLG¡VL SR WURE 1\NÌV ãHã¡OLDL SULJOXGR WDPVLXRVH SDNDPSLXRVH NDLS EHYLOWLãNDV
VXVLUÌSLQLPDV 6O¡J¡ VXQNL W\OD 3DJDOLDX QHLãNHQW¡ NDOYLV LU SDVLSXUW¡ 3DVLåLÌU¡MR SUR GÌPXV ³
VXOLQNXV³ SULH ORSãLR %DOWDUDJ³ LU VXSUDWR NDG Lã WR ORSãLR NLOV QDXMDV J\YHQLPDV LU LãVNODLG\V Q\NLXV
ãHã¡OLXV VXUÌNXVLRMH WURERMH -LV SDJXRV QHODLP¡V SDUEORNãW MR ELþLXO³ LU VXWHLNV M¡JÐ Lã QDXMR J\YHQWL
7DL VXSUDW
V NDOYLV SDNLOR QXR VWDOR SUL¡MR VXQNLX åLQJVQLX SULH %DOWDUDJLR LU XåG¡MR UDQN DQW
jo palinkusio peties.
² 1HQXVLPLQN ² WDU¡ ² 3DNHOVL QHODLP
 GYLJXEDL VWLSUXV EXVL 8åVLDXJLQVL GXNUHO
 LU EXV
ML WDX YLVDV J\YHQLPR GåLDXJVPDV SDJXRGD 7DL QHSUDUDVN JDOYRV 1HODLP¡ NDLS QDNWLV SUDHLV LU Y¡O
XåWHN¡V VDXO¡
%DOWDUDJLV SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ VDYR ELþLXO³ SDGÌPDYXVLRPLV DNLPLV O\J QLHNR QHVXSUDVGDPDV LU
QHVLWLN¡GDPDV VXODXNWL XåWHNDQþLRV VDXO¡V %DLVL Q\NXPD M³ VO¡J¡ LU MLV QLHNR QHJDO¡MR VXYRNWL WLNWDL
YLVD ãLUGLPL MDXW¡ ² NRO J\YDV EXV QHDWVLWUDXNV QXR ORSãLR NXU EXYR MR J\YHQLPR YLVD YLOWLV

XIII

3LUP QDNW³ SR ODLGRWXYLÐ %DOWDUDJLV SUDOHLGR SULH ORSãLR QHQXOHLVGDPDV QXR MR DNLÐ LU
SULVO¡JWDV VLHOYDUWR .DOYLV GDU NLHN SDEXYR LU SULHã YLGXUQDNW³ Lã¡MR QDPR %DOWDUDJLV LU QHSDVWHE¡MR
kad pasiliko vienas su savo naujagime.
7\OLDL VOLQNR åLHPRV QDNWLV 6SLQJVXO¡ DQW VWDOR XåJHVR EHW MRV ãYLHVRV %DOWDUDJLV QHSDVLJHGR
%DOWDV ãHUNãQDV NULWR ODXNH DQW VXVWLQJXVLÐ PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ R SUR ODQJ LãEO\ãN
V P¡QXOLV åLÌU¡MR ³
SDOLQNXV³ SULH ORSãLR %DOWDUDJ³
3DU\þLX VXJLUJåG¡MR GXU\V LU SUDYLUNR SDåDGLQWDV NÌGLNLV %DOWDUDJLV åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ GXULV
PDQ\GDPDV NDG VXJU³åR EREXW¡ EHW SDPDW¡ ³¡MXVL 8UãXO
 -L VXVWRMR SULH GXUÐ DSVLJDXEXVL VNDUD
O\J QHGU³VGDPD WROLDX HLWL %DOWDUDJLV QXVWHE
V SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ M QHVXSUDVGDPDV NDLS ML þLD DWVLUDGR LU
QXVLJU³åR DWJDO³ ORSã³ VXSGDPDV LU PDOG\GDPDV SUDYLUNXV³ NÌGLN³
2 8UãXO¡ NDLS WLN DW¡MR LãJLUGXVL DSLH %DOWDUDJLR QHODLP
 VX SDJXRGD LU SDJDOED XåPLUãXVL
YLVDV VNULDXGDV LU QHODLPHV QRU¡GDPD MDP SDG¡WL YLVD ãLUGLPL QHV ML YLV GDU M³ WHEHP\O¡MR VHQD
QHXåJHVXVLD DLVWUD QRUV LU VXVLPDLãLXVLD VX QXVLY\OLPR NDUW¡OLX LU QDXMDL DWVLUDGXVLD YLOWLPL %HW
SHUåHQJXVL VOHQNVW³ NXU³ SDWL EXYR SUDNHLNXVL QXVLJDQGR LU VXVWLQJR YLHWRMH
6WDLJD 8UãXO
SDJDYR NDåNRNV JUDXGXO\V VXPLã
V VX LãJVþLX SULVO¡JGDPDV Lã QDXMR
EHYLOWLãNXPX LU VXNHOGDPDV VHQ DSPDXG NDG ML QRU¡MR WXRMDX VSUXNWL DWJDO LU E¡JWL QHDWVLJU³åGDPD
EHW QHJDO¡MR SDVLMXGLQWL Lã YLHWRV NRMRV VXVWLQJR NDLS NDODG¡V LU SULDXJR SULH DVORV
7LNWDL WDGD DWVLSO¡ã¡ 8UãXO¡ QXR VOHQNVþLR NDL ORSã\MH Y¡O SUDYLUNR QDXMDJLP¡ LU SDVLPHW
V
%DOWDUDJLV DSVLGDLU¡ QHåLQRGDPDV N GDU\WL 7DGD 8UãXO¡ QXVLãOXRVþLXVL VNDURV NDPSX LãWU\ãNXVL
DãDU U\åWLQJDL SUL¡MR SULH ORSãLR LU XåG¡MR UDQN DQW %DOWDUDJLR SHWLHV
² /HLVN ² WDU¡ ² Dã SDOLNVLX SULH ORSãLR R WX HLN ³ VDYR PDOÌQ
² 7X SDWL HLN VDX NXU QRUL ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV VY\UXRGDPDV SR QHPLJR QDNWLHV LU YLVÐ
VLHOYDUWÐ
%HW 8UãXO¡ NDUW SDVLU\åXVL QHDWVWRMR
² . GDU\VL NYDLãHOL VX YDLNX" ² SULNLãR² .DLS XåDXJLQVL" $þLÌ VDN\N NDG SDG¡WL DW¡MDX
$SVLVSUHQGXVL 8UãXO¡ DWVWÌP¡ %DOWDUDJ³ QXR ORSãLR SHUY\VW¡ NÌGLN³ LU QDXMDJLP¡ DSULPR
%DOWDUDJLV SDVWRY¡MR SULH ORSãLR NRO YDLNDV XåPLJR LU Lã¡MR VXVLPVW
V ³ PDOÌQ QHåLQRGDPDV N
daugiau daryti.
3DPDåX SUDG¡MR VXNWLV PDOÌQR VSDUQDL LU QDXML %DOWDUDJLR UÌSHVþLDL 2 8UãXO¡ SDVLOLNR SULH
ORSãLR XåPLUãGDPD VDYR QXVLY\OLPXV LU VXVLWDLN\GDPD VX OLNLPX
² .DG WDLS GLHYDV EÌWÐ GDY
V² WLNWDL DWVLGXVR² VXSþLDX VDYR GXNUHO
 2 GDEDU
%HW VPLONWHO¡MXV³ ãLUG\MH NDUW¡O³ QXVWHOE¡ QDXMD YLOWLV
² 2 JDO GDU GLHYDV GXRV 6XVLSUDV %DOWUXNDV . MLV GDU\V VX YDLNX EH SDþLRV"
6X WD YLOWLPL 8UãXO¡ SUDG¡MR WYDUN\WLV Lã QDXMR %DOWDUDJLR QDPXRVH YLVN VXLPGDPD ² savo
UDQNDV LU VXSGDPD VYHWLP ORSã³
2 %DOWDUDJLV WDUVL YLVN XåPLUã
V W\OXV LU VXVLPVW
V VODQNLRMR SR QDPXV QHSDVWHE¡GDPDV
8UãXO¡V WLNWDL NXU EXY
V QHEXY
V YLV VXVWRGDYR SULH ORSãLR LU LOJDL QHJDO¡GDYR QXR MR DWVLWUDXNWL 3DWV
YLHQDV NDåN PVW¡ YLV QLHNR QHVXJDOYRGDPDV LU GDU ODELDX QXOLÌVGDPDV
² .R þLD GDEDU YLV SULH ORSãLR LU SULH ORSãLR ² SULNLãGDYR ãQDLURPLV 8UãXO¡ ² $U WDX MDX
visai galva susisuko ir be lopšio nieko daugiau nematai?
%DOWDUDJLV GLGHVQLDP 8UãXO¡V DSPDXGXL QLHNR MDL QHDWVDN\GDYR LU LãHLGDYR Y¡O ³ PDOÌQ
2 ODLNDV YLHWRMH QHVWRY¡GDYR 6OLQNR åLHPD VX ãDOþLDLV LU DWRGU¡NLDLV R SUR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV YLV
GDåQLDX ãY\VWHOGDYR SDYDVDULR SURãYDLVW¡V 3Xã\QÐ YLUãÌQ¡V åYDOJ¡VL SUR åDOVY ÌN LU QXR MÐ
sklisdavo gaivus ošimas.
%DOWDUDJLV W åLHP YLVDL SUDåLOR LU VXOLQNR QXR UÌSHVþLÐ -LV QHSDMXWR EXQGDQþLR SDYDVDULR
SDWV YLHQDV XåVLGDU
V PDOÌQH VX VDYR VLHOYDUWX 7LNWDL NDL ORSã\MH SUDG¡MR MXRNWLV NÌGLNLV UDQNXW¡PLV
JDXG\GDPDV VDXO¡V VSLQGXO³ %DOWDUDJLV SLUP NDUW SR LOJR JHGXOR QXVLã\SVRMR 7DV NÌGLNLR MXRNDV
SULPLQ¡ PRWLQ WDUVL 0DUFHO¡ EÌWÐ SDOLNXVL VDYR OLQNVPXP SHU GXNWHU³ %DOWDUDJLV VX SDEXGXVLX
GåLDXJVPX NUÌWLQ¡MH SD¡P¡ NÌGLN³ DQW UDQNÐ LU ODLPLQJDV ã\SVRMRVL XåPLUã
V UÌSHVþLXV LU VLHOYDUWXV
1XVWHER LU 8UãXO¡ SDPDþLXVL ã\SVDQW³ %DOWDUDJ³ VX NÌGLNLX DQW UDQNÐ 0HW¡ VWXPGåLXVL
SXRGXV SULH åLGLQLR SDVLWDLV¡ VNDUHO
LU SDWL ã\SVFGDPD SUL¡MR SULH ODLPLQJR W¡YR
² 0DWDL %DOWUXN ² WDU¡ SULVLPHLOLQGDPD ² MXRNLDVL PDå\W¡ 8åDXJLQVLX WDX GXNWHU³ 7LN
SDWV NDG VXVLSUDVWXP 7XU¡WXP VDX åPRQ R NÌGLNLXL PRWLQ
%HW WDV 8UãXO¡V PHLOXPDV QHSUDGåLXJLQR %DOWDUDJLR -LV WLN ãQDLURPLV åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ 8UãXO
LU
Y¡O QXOLÌGR 3DJXOG
V YDLN ³ ORSã³ Lã¡MR VXVLPVW
V ³ PDOÌQ
1XVLPLQ¡ LU 8UãXO¡
² 1HVXVLSUDV ² SDWL VDX WDU¡ LU VNDUHO¡V NDPSX QXEUDXN¡ DãDU ² *DOLPD EÌWÐ LU VYHWLP
YDLN XåDXJLQWL NDG WLN VXVLSUDVWÐ %HW NXU WRNV JOXãDV VXVLSUDV"
1XVLY\OXVL 8UãXO¡ SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V LU SLNWDL NRMD SDVWÌP¡ ORSã³ NXULDPH Lã QDXMR SUDYLUNR
NÌGLNLV
² 6XSVLX Dã þLD YLV ODLN ² SLNWDL EXUEWHO¡MR LU QXVLJU
å¡ SULH SXRGÐ ² 5¡N MHL QRUL
JUHLþLDX QXVSURJVL
%HW SDVWÌP¡WDV ORSã\MH NÌGLNLV QXULPR WDUVL SDMXW
V NDG QH PRWLQD SULH MR VWRYL VX PHLOH LU QH
W¡YDV SDOLQN
V VX UÌSHVþLX
2 %DOWDUDJLV Lã¡M
V ³ PDOÌQ JDOYRMR NDLS SDJDOLDX 8UãXOH QXVLNUDW\WL QHV ML PDW\W Y¡O
QHGXRV MDP UDP\E¡V %HW NDLS YDLN EH PRWHUV XåDXJLQVL" 7DL LU NHQW¡ QHUDVGDPDV NLWRV LãHLWLHV %H
WR PDåDL MDP 8UãXO¡ UÌS¡MR QRUV LU ³JULVGDYR VX VDYR SULHNDE¡PLV
3ULHã %DOWDUDJLR DNLV NXU MLV WLN SDåYHOJGDYR YLVXU YDLGHQRVL 0DUFHO¡ NDLS VNUDLGDQWL
SDXNãþLXN¡ R SDYDVDULR XSHOLÐ þLXUOHQLPDV SULPLQGDYR MRV VNDPEDQW³ MXRN 7LH DWVLPLQLPDL DSLH
SUDUDVW ODLP
Lã SURWR YDU¡ %DOWDUDJ³ -XRV QXVWHOEGDYR WLNWDL UÌSHVWLV G¡O GXNWHUV -LV GLHQ QDNW³
PVW¡ LU QLHNR QHJDO¡MR VXJDOYRWL NDLS LãJHOE¡WL VDYR NÌGLN³ QXR SDåDGÐ NXULXRV WDLS QHDSGDLULDL GDY¡
3LQþXNXL LU LãSLUNWL WRNL WUXPS LU WRNL DSJDXOLQJ VDYR ODLP

 2 Lã WLNUÐMÐ EH UHLNDOR %DOWDUDJLV NULPWRVL 'DU EXYR JDQD GDXJ ODLNR NRO UHLNV WXRV SDåDGXV
LãWHV¡WL R NDUWDLV LU DWVLWLNWLQXPDV SDURGR åPRJXL JHU NHOL 5HLNLD WLNWDL ODLNX VXVLSUDVWL
3DJDOLDX W LãHLW³ %DOWDUDJLV VXUDGR YLVDL QHWLN¡WDL VX ³JULVXVLRV 8UãXO¡V SDJDOED LU SLUP NDUW
MDL EXYR G¡NLQJDV Lã YLVRV ãLUGLHV

XIV

'Y\OLNWL PHWDL EDLJ¡VL R %DOWDUDJLV YLV GDU QHJDO¡MR QXVLUDPLQWL QHUDVGDPDV LãHLWLHV Lã
XåEXUWR UDWR 3HU GLHQDV åLÌU¡GDYR ³ VDYR GXNWHU³ WDU\WXP DWVLåLÌU¡WL QHJDO¡GDPDV LU YLV OLÌGQHVQLV
GDU¡VL 7R OLÌGHVLR QHLãVNODLG\GDYR Q¡ MXRNDV GXNWHUV NXUL NDV PHWDL YLV JUDå¡MR LU OLQNVP¡MR WXR GDU
ODELDX JUDXGLQGDPD W¡Y
%DOWDUDJLV G¡O WR OLÌGHVLR LU JDLOHVþLR YLV ODELDX Q\NR ,U MXR EORJLDX NDG VDYR VLHOYDUWX VX
QLHNX QHJDO¡MR SDVLGDOLQWL 3DWV YLHQDV JUDXå¡VL LU NULPWRVL NRO SDYLUWR åPRJDXV ãHã¡OLX DQW NXULR
JDOYRV Y¡MDV WDUã¡ åLOXV SODXNXV WDU\WXP UXGHQ³ DQW PHGåLÐ SDVNXWLQLXV SDJHOWXVLXV ODSXV
.XU ¡MR N GDU¡ YLV Lã JDOYRV MDP QHLã¡MR WDV SDåDGDV 3LQþXNXL Xå NXU³ VX GåLDXJVPX EÌWÐ
SUL¡P
V DPåLQDV NDQþLDV NDG WLNWDL LãJHOE¡WÐ YLHQLQWHO
VDYR QDãO\VW¡V SDJXRG ² GXNWHU³ -XUJ 2
GXNW¡ LU QHåLQRMR NDG W¡YDV VLHOYDUWDXMD QHV NLWRNLR NDLS VXVLUÌSLQXVLR LU VXVLNULPWXVLR ML QLHNDGD MR
QHPDW¡ 7LN MDXW¡ MR EHJDOLQ
PHLO
 LU WR MDL YLVLãNDL SDNDNR NDG DXJWÐ OLQNVPD LU ODLPLQJD
2 %DOWDUDJLV SHU WXRV UÌSHVþLXV LU VXVLJUDXåLP YLVN SDVDXO\MH ² EH GXNWHUV ² XåPLUãR LU
DSOHLGR 1HW PDOÌQR QHSULåLÌU¡MR LU Y¡MDL EDLJ¡ M³ NHGHQWL 9LHQD 8UãXO¡ YLVNXR UÌSLQRVL -L SDVLGDU¡
WLHVLRJ SDY\GXOLQJD ãHLPLQLQN¡ SOÌGR %DOWDUDJ³ Xå MR QHUÌSHVWLQJXP R PDW\GDPD NDG %DOWDUDJLV
YLVDL QHSDLVR QHL MRV QHL SOÌGLPÐ NHLNGDYRVL SULWUXNXVL NDQWU\E¡V QHW VXVLULHVGDPD NDG SDV WRN³
JOXã NXULV SLUPD EXYR JDOY SUDUDG
V G¡O PDOÌQR SDVNXL G¡O SDþLRV R GDEDU G¡O GXNWHUV NDP GLHYDV
WRNLDP LU JDOY GDY¡" ML QHEHJDOLQWL LOJLDX J\YHQWL (LWÐ SULPDQLXVL NXU DN\V PDWR QRUV Xå SDWLHV
YHOQLR SDJDOLDX QHV VX WRNLX NHOPX J\YHQGDPD YLV WLHN SUDVLNHLNVL LU ³ SUDJDU EH MRNLRV NDOW¡V
SDWHNVL DPåLÐ DPåLDPV
7DLS 8UãXOHL EHVLSO¡ãDQW VWDLJD %DOWDUDJLV QXVLMXRN¡ LU NDåNR SUDOLQNVP¡MR 1XVWHEXVL 8UãXO¡
åLRSWHO¡MR LU åDGR QHWHNR .XR MLV þLD DSVLGåLDXJ¡" $U WLN YLVDL QHSDNYDLãR" 7DL SDWL SHUVLåHJQRMXVL LU
M³ SHUåHJQRMXVL QX¡MR ³ ãDO³ NDOE¡GDPD URåDQþLÐ LU DWJDLORGDPD Xå SDGDU\WDV QXRG¡PHV
2 %DOWDUDJLXL WDGD NDLS WLN ãRY¡ ³ JDOY NRG¡O MLV QHJDO¡WÐ DSJDXWL 3LQþXNR NXULV M³ DSJDYR LU
YLHWRMH GXNWHUV LãOHLVWL Xå YHOQLR W OLJL J\YR NDXOR ³JULVXVL VHQPHUJ
 GDYDWN 8UãXO
" -XR ODELDX NDG
ML SDWL WR QRUL 7DL LU WHJX VDX HLQD QXR MR YDUJã¡V JDOYRV .R þLD SDY\G¡WL ODLP¡V" 7LNWDL QHVLWLN¡MR Lã
NDUWR DSJDXWL YHOQL LU GDYDWN WDL OÌNXULDYR QHULPDXGDPDV R þLD LU GY\OLNWL PHWDL VX¡MR
%HW LU WDGD %DOWDUDJLV YDUJX DU N EÌWÐ SDGDU
V VY\UXRGDPDV LU DEHMRGDPDV DU LãVLYDGXRVLV
QXR VDYR NDOW¡V VXYHUVGDPDV DQW NLWR JDOYRV MHL SDWL 8UãXO¡ EÌWÐ QHSDG¡MXVL ,ãYDNDU¡VH O\J
QXMDXVGDPD ML YLVDL SDGÌNR WUDQN¡VL SR WURE GDXå¡VL NLHPH QHUDVGDPD VDX YLHWRV R LU NLWLHPV QXR
MRV QHEXYR NXU G¡WLV 'XNW¡ QHDSVLN
VGDPD SDE¡JR SDV VHQHOLXV Xå HåHUR R %DOWDUDJLV SDVLVO¡S¡
PDOÌQH SULWUÌN
V NDQWU\E¡V LU JDOXWLQDL SDVLU\å
V DWVLNUDW\WL 8UãXO¡V
7HPVWDQW DWYDåLDYR SLUãOLDL VX MXRGE¡ULDLV åLUJDLV LU DXNVR NDULHWD 8UãXO¡ DSNYDLãR Lã
QHWLN¡WRV ODLP¡V R %DOWDUDJLV LãNLãR M WDGD 3LQþXNXL LU DWVL¡P¡ SDåDGÐ UDãW
1DNWLV EXYR DXGULQJD VX åDLEDLV LU SHUNÌQLMRPLV NDG JDO¡MR QHW PDOÌQ QXWUHQNWL QXR
SDNULÌW¡V EHW %DOWDUDJLV LãOHLG
V MDXQDYHGåLXV LU VXGHJLQ
V DSJDXOLQJ UDãW EXYR WRNV ODLPLQJDV
NDLS GDU QLHNDGD VDYR J\YHQLPH 7DUVL GLGåLDXVLDV DNPXR EÌWÐ QXVLULW
V QXR MR NUÌWLQ¡V NXULV M³ VO¡J¡
LãWLVXV GY\OLND PHWÐ
.LW GLHQ -XUJD SDUE¡JXVL SULHãSLHþLDLV Lã YLHãQDJ¡V SDV VHQHOLXV QHEHUDGR SLNþLXUQRV
8UãXO¡V LU W¡YR QHEHSDåLQR ² WRNV MLV EXYR DWVLPDLQ
V LU SUDOLQNVP¡M
V
² *\YHQVLP GDEDU PXGX YLHQX GX EH YDUJR UÌSHVþLÐ LU DPåLQÐ EDUQLÐ 8UãXO¡ ³ GDYDWN\Q
Lã¡MR ² SDVDN¡ MLV SDUE¡JXVLDL GXNWHULDL R SUR MR VXYDUJXVLDV DNLV WU\ãNR GDU OLJ ãLRO QHPDW\WDV
GåLDXJVPDV
² .RG¡O" ² QXVWHER -XUJD
² 6XSDLV\VL VHQRV GDYDWNRV ² QXPRMR %DOWDUDJLV²3DWL SUDUÌJR LU YLVXV QDPXV
SUDUDXJLQR 'XRV GLHYDV JDO QHVXJU³ã 7YDUN\NLV WURERMH R Dã HLVLX ³ PDOÌQ
.DV EXYR QDNW³ -XUJD QHåLQRMR SDWLN¡MR NDG W¡YDV WDLS DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 8UãXO¡V QXVLNUDW
V 7DL LU
SDWL QH PDåLDX QXGåLXJR QHV WD QLXU]JD VHQPHUJ¡ MDL YLV MDXQ\VW
EXYR DSNDUWLQXVL LU W¡YR QDPXV
SUDJDUX SDYHUWXVL $WURG¡ NDG VX SHUHLWRV QDNWLHV åDLEDLV LU SHUNÌQLMRPLV SUD¡MR YLVRV QHODLP¡V 'LHQD
EXYR JLHGUD EH MRNLR GHEHV¡OLR
2 GDU W SDW³ U\W DXãWDQW SDPDW¡ %DOWDUDJLV DWE¡JDQW Lã SHONLÐ 3LQþXN LU ODEDL QXVLPLQ¡ NDG
QLHNR Lã MR SDVWDQJÐ QHLã¡MR %HW JUHLWDL VXVLJULHE¡ 9HOQLXNDV DWURG¡ WRNV QHODLPLQJDV LãSXUYLQWDV
VXQLXUN\WDV DSODPG\WDV LU QHW YLHQDV UDJDV QXVXNWDV NDG %DOWDUDJLV QRUV LU QXVLJDQG
V WXRMDX
suprato, kad ne jis, o velnias jo rankose.
² .DV \UD" ² SDNODXV¡ SUDOLQNVP¡M
V %DOWDUDJLV ² âDXQLRV YHVWXY¡V PDW\W EXYR NDG QHW
jaunikiui kliuvo.
² .RNLRV WHQ YHVWXY¡V" ² QXP\N¡ YLVDL QXVLPLQ
V 3LQþXNDV² 1HSUL¡MRPH GDU OLJL
YHVWXYLÐ R Dã YRV J\YDV OLNDX 1HQRULX GDXJLDX SDþLRV 3DVLLPN DWJDO W VDYR GXNWHU³
6XSUDWR %DOWDUDJLV NDG VPDUNLDL YHOQLXL QXR 8UãXO¡V NOLXYR LU SDJDOYRMR NDG UHLNWÐ GDU
VPDUNLDX M³ SULJULHEWL NDG MLV QHGU³VWÐ SULH MR NDELQ¡WLV MHLJX NDUWDLV LU VXSUDVWÐ DSJDXO

² 1H WDLS QHEXV ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNXL ² 6XYHGåLRMDL PDQR GXNWHU³ NXU GDEDU Dã M G¡VLX"
7XUL LPWL M Xå SDþL
² 1H MRNLX EÌGX ² QHW DWEXODV DWãRNR 3LQþXNDV ² .R QRUL UHLNDODXN Xå VXYHGåLRMLP EHW
Xå SDþL MRV QHLPVLX
3DJDOYRMR NLHN %DOWDUDJLV LU WDU¡
² . þLD GDEDU VX WDYLP GDU\VL" -HLJX VXWLNWXP EÌWL SDV PDQH VHSW\QHULXV PHWXV Xå EHUQ
VXNWL PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Xå Y¡M LU YLVXV NLWXV GDUEXV GLUEWL NXULXRV ³VDN\VLX WDL JDO DWOHLVþLDX WDYH QXR
SDUHLJRV YHVWL PDQR GXNWHU³
3LQþXNDV WLN DSVLGåLDXJ¡
² *HUDL ² VDNR ² %ÌVLX SDV WDYH VHSW\QHULXV PHWXV Xå EHUQ LU NXR LãWLNLPLDXVLDL
tarnausiu.
² *HUDL ² VXWLNR LU %DOWDUDJLV ² 3DVNXL JDO¡VL HLWL VDX NLWRV SDþLRV LHãNRWL
² 1H ² SDVLSXUW¡ YHOQLXNDV ² 1LHNDGD GDXJLDX QHLHãNRVLX MRNLRV SDþLRV ,U SDJDOYRWL DSLH
tai nenoriu.
² .DLS åLQDL ² SDWUDXN¡ SHþLDLV %DOWDUDJLV ² WDYR UHLNDODV 2 GDEDU PDWDL MDX LãDXãR
0HWDV SUDG¡WL GDUE
² . OLHSVL GDU\WL" ² VXNUXWR YHOQLXNDV WDUVL QDNW³ EÌWÐ EXY
V YLVDL QHQXNDPXRWDV
² 'DXJ PDOLPR WXULX ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV ² R Q¡UD Y¡MR 3DVXN PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Xå Y¡M
² *HUDL ² VXWLNR 3LQþXNDV LU þLD SDW XåO¡N¡ DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ NDLS Y¡MDV
0DOÌQDV WXRMDX SUDG¡MR VXNWLV LU MXR WROLDX MXR VPDUNLDX %DOWDUDJLXL WHNR QHW WUDPG\WL VDYR
EHUQ NDG SHUGDXJ VSDUWXV QHEÌWÐ 2 3LQþXNXL WDLS SDWLNR VXNWLV DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ NDG QHW XåPLUãR
SHUHLWRV QDNWLHV YLVDV QXRVNDXGDV LU Lã YLVR MDP GDXJ VPDJLDX EXYR QHJX OLÌQH NLXUNVRWL LU WUÌQ\WL
1HW VWHE¡MRVL 3LQþXNDV NDLS MLV DQNVþLDX WR QHVXSUDWR LU QHDW¡MR %DOWDUDJLXL ³ WDON
%HW SHU DQNVWL 3LQþXNDV DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 3UDG¡MXV GLHQRWL SDPDW¡ SDUHLQDQþL Lã SHONLÐ 8UãXO
LU
QHVDYX EDOVX NHLNLDQþL %DOWDUDJ³ LU M³ 3LQþXN NHWLQDQþL DELHP XåNXUWL EDLVL SLUW³ 7DGD 3LQþXNDV
QXVLJDQGR NDG Lã WRV EDLP¡V SDWV QHSDVLMXWR NDLS ãRNR QXR VSDUQR WLHVLDL SUR ODQJLXN ³ PDOÌQ LU
YLVDV GUHE¡GDPDV VXVPXNR SULH %DOWDUDJLR NRMÐ
— Kas atsitiko? — nustebo Baltaragis.
² *HOE¡N WDYR GXNW¡ SDUHLQD ² JDLOLDL VXF\S¡ YHOQLXNDV
² . WX VDNDL" ² NUÌSWHO¡MR %DOWDUDJLV QXVLJDQG
V LU SDVLåLÌU¡MR SUR ODQJLXN
1DJL Lã WLNUÐMÐ SDUHLQD SÌãNXRGDPD 8UãXO¡ Lã SHONLÐ YLVD GXPEOLQD LU EDLVLDL ³VLXWXVL
² 1D Y\UXWL GDEDU QH MXRNDL 0DW\W JHUDL WX M ³S\NLQDL *DOL DELHP NOLÌWL /³VN WX NRO NDV
SR JLUQRPLV LU WÌQRN R Dã HLVLX PDOÌQR GXUÐ XåUHPWL
%HPDWDQW SDOLQGR 3LQþXNDV SR JLUQRPLV LU WÌQR GUHE¡GDPDV R %DOWDUDJLV QX¡MR XåU¡P¡ Lã
YLGDXV GXULV LU åLÌUL SUR SO\ãLXN NDV þLD EXV 3DU¡MR 8UãXO¡ SDVLDXW¡MR EXYR SULE¡JXVL SULH PDOÌQR
EHW ³ YLGÐ QHJDO¡MR ³VLYHUåWL %DOWDUDJLV MDX QXVLJDQGR DU QH SHU VLOSQD GXUÐ VNOHQG¡ R SDVNXL VWDLJD
DSVLVXNXVL LãE¡JR Lã QDPÐ VX U\ãXO¡OLX YLV DWVLJU³åGDPD JUÌPRGDPD VXSLQWLMXVLD NXPãWLPL LU
keikdama.
2 NDL 8UãXO¡ MDX WDLS WROL QXE¡JR NDG EXYR QHEHPDW\WL LU QHJLUG¡WL MRV NHLNVPÐ %DOWDUDJLV
DWVLGXVR LU WDU¡ 3LQþXNXL
² /³VN Lã SR JLUQÐ â³ NDUW SDJULDXG¡MR LU SUD¡MR %HW WX EÌN DWVDUJXV 0RWHU\V NDLS LU MÌV
YHOQLDL JDOL YLVNXR DSVLPHVWL 3DPDW
V WRN³ VXWY¡ULP VX VLMRQX O³VN SR JLUQRPLV LU OLQG¡N QHPDWRPDV
QHV NDL XåNOXSV R \SDþ WD UDJDQD LU Dã QHLãJHOE¡VLX
3LQþXNDV YLV GDU GUHE¡GDPDV LãOLQGR Lã SR JLUQÐ YLVDV PLOWXRWDV LU NODXV¡ %DOWDUDJLR
SDPRN\PR NDLS WLNUR VDYR W¡YR QHSUDOHLVGDPDV Q¡ YLHQR åRGåLR 3DVNXL ãYHQWDL WR ODLN¡VL NDL WLN
SDPDW\GDYR PRWHU³ WXRMDX VSUXNGDYR SR JLUQRPLV LU WÌQRGDYR ELMRGDPDV QHW VXþLDXG¡WL
7RNLRV EDLP¡V MDP YDUJãXL ³YDU¡ 8UãXO¡ 2 %DOWDUDJLV ã³ NDUW EXYR YLVLãNDL 8UãXOH
SDWHQNLQWDV LU QHW MDL G¡NLQJDV 1XJULDXG¡MR NDLS SULWYLQNXVL DXGUD LU GLHQD ãYLHVHVQ¡ SDVLGDU¡
 XV

%HW NDLS þLD Lã WLNUÐMÐ EXYR YLHQDV JDODV åLQR 9LVRNLÐ JDQGÐ SDVNOLGR LU åPRQ¡V YLVDLS
VS¡OLRMR .DL NDV QHW EXYR OLQN
V SDWLN¡WL 8UãXOH QHDSVLN
VGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV WLNUDL EDQG
V LãOHLVWL M Xå
3LQþXNR LU QDNW³ LãGU¡E
V ³ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV
2 NLWL åPRQ¡V NUDLS¡ JDOYDV LU QHQRU¡MR WLN¡WL VHQPHUJ¡V SUDVLPDQ\PDLV EHL NOLHG¡MLPDLV 9LVL
JHUDL åLQRMR NDG 8UãXO¡ EXYR OLJL J\YR NDXOR ³JULVXVL %DOWDUDJLXL NXULV MRV QLHNDLS DWVLNUDW\WL
QHJDO¡M
V QHV EXYR O¡WDV åPRJXV 7DL NDLS MLV þLD JDO¡M
V VX YHOQLX VXVLG¡WL"
2 MR DUWLPLDXVLDV NDLP\QDV SLUãO\V LU NÌPDV NDOYLV -XRGYDONLV EXYR JXGUXV åPRJXV QHW
VHQDWY¡MH P¡J
V LãGDLJDV LU MXRN 7LNWDL UDV SURJRV MLV EHPDWDQW SUDVLPDQ\V LU QHJLUG¡WÐ GDO\NÐ 2
%DOWDUDJLV QHJL WLN Xå MR VPRM³ YLV ODLN EÌWÐ MDP Xå G\N PDO
V" $QNVþLDX VXSUDQWDPD Xå
V¡NPLQJDV SLUãO\EDV JDODV åLQR NDLS LU LãSLUãR VHQDP NHOPXL MDXQ PHUJLQ WXU EÌW þLD QHDSVLHLWD EH
YHOQLR R GDEDU Xå N JL PDOWÐ"
*XGUHVQL åPRQ¡V VS¡OLRMR DU WLN QH -XRGYDONLV YLVN SDGDU¡ .DL %DOWDUDJLXL YLVLãNDL ³JULVR
8UãXO¡ SHUVLUHQJ
V SLUãOLX LU SULVLOLSG
V Lã OLQÐ NXRGHOLR EDU]G OLJL NHOLÐ R Xå MDXQLN³ SDVL¡P
V VDYR
SXVEHUQ³ -XUJXW³ JHUDL M³ QXãYHLW
V LU LãPDOLDYRM
V YDNDUH SDV %DOWDUDJ³ ³ PDOÌQ QXYDåLDYR LU QDNW³
LãGU¡E
8UãXO
VX JHOGD ³ SHONHV
$WVLUDGR LU WRNLÐ NXULH EXYR JLUG¡M
%DOWDUDJLR LU -XRGYDONLR VXRNDOE³ NDL QXVLPLQ
V
%DOWDUDJLV EXYR XåVXN
V ³ NDOY

² 'DU\N NDLP\QH N QRUL ² WDU¡ QHWHN
V YLOWLHV %DOWDUDJLV ² 0DOLDX WDX LU PDOVLX Xå
G\N WLNWDL LãJHOE¡N PDQH QXR 8UãXO¡V 9LVDL J\YHQLPR SHU M QHE¡UD QHL PDQ QHL PDQR GXNWHULDL
² 'LGHOLR þLD GDLNWR ² DWVDN¡ QXVLMXRN
V -XRGYDONLV ² 1RUL Dã M QH WLN Lã WDYR PDOÌQR
LãNUDXVW\VLX EHW LU Xå 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLR 3LQþXNR LãOHLVLX
² .DLS WX SDGDU\VL" ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ LU VXDEHMRMR %DOWDUDJLV
² 7DL MDX PDQR UHLNDODV ² DWVDN¡ JXGULDL SULVLPHUN
V -XRGYDONLV ² 2 WX MHL PDQ LU WROLDX
Xå G\N PDOVL WDL LU SDGDU\VLX SLUP VXEDWYDNDQ -XUJXWL DU GDU QRUL SLUãOLDLV YDåLXRWL"
² 1RULX² LããRNR -XUJXWLV Lã NDPSR QXR GXPSOLÐ LU ãQLUSãWHO¡MR SHU VLHNVQ³
² 1D WDL QH ãQLUSãþLRN R SXVW\NLV ² VXGUDXG¡ NDOYLV -XUJXW³ ² 2 WX ² WDU¡ %DOWDUDJLXL
² JDOL UDPLDL VDX HLWL QDPR LU ODXNWL SLUãOLÐ $ã EDLJVLX NDXVW\WL *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPQLQNXL âHãHOJDL
EDMRULãN NDODPDãN LU YLVN SXLNLDXVLDL VXWYDUN\VLX
%HW JDO WDLS EXYR JDO LU QHEXYR 6XEDWYDNDU³ -XRGYDONLV WLNUDL EDLJ¡ NDXVW\WL âHãHOJDL
EDMRULãN NDODPDãN EHW âHãHOJD Lã YDNDUR MRV QHDWVL¡P¡ 2 LU -XRGYDONLV URGRV QLHNXU QHEXYR
LãYDåLDY
V QDXMRV NDULHWRV LãEDQG\WL 1DNWLV SDVLWDLN¡ NDLS WLN ODEDL WDPVL LU VX SHUNÌQLMRPLV R Lã U\WR
EXYR GLGHOLV UÌNDV
7LNWDL -XUJXWLV DXãWDQW SDUE¡J
V Lã NDLPR YLVDV GXPEOLQDV SUXQNãW¡ ³ VDXM NDLS NDWLQDV
ELMRGDPDV QXVLãQLUSãWL LU VX ãLDXGÐ JQLÌåWH SULH WYHQNLQLR ãYHLW¡ NDåNXU LãSXUYLQW QDXM NDODPDãN
%HW NXU MLV SDWV LãVLGXPEOLQR JDO NXU OLQGR ³ VYHWLP NDPDU SDV PHUJDV LU QXþLXS
EHUQDL GXPEOH
LãPXUG¡ LU NXU EXYR LãSXUYLQWD NDODPDãND EXYR QHDLãNX %DLJLDQW M ãYHLVWL DWMRMR SDJLULRWDV âHãHOJD
LU LãVLYHå¡ NDODPDãN R -XUJXWLV QXOLQGR NDOY¡MH Xå åDL]GUR LãVLPLHJRWL
%HW LU PLHJRGDPDV YLV ODLN SUXQNãW¡ LU ãQLUSãW¡ R SDEXG
V GLHYH JLQN QHEHQRU¡MR QHL
SLUãOLDLV YDåLQ¡WL QHL YHVWL
² 7DL JHUDL ² WDU¡ MDP NDOYLV ² WLN åLÌU¡N PDQ QLHNDP QHSUDVLWDUN NDV QDNW³ EXYR QHV
WDGD UHLNV WDX YHVWL 8UãXO
LU VX MD J\YHQWL
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ SDVLSXUW\GDPDV -XUJXWLV ² JHULDX YLV J\YHQLP GXPSOHV SÌVLX LU
UHWNDUþLDLV QXVLãQ\SãLX SUR YLHQ QRVLHV VN\OXW
SHU VLHNVQ³
² 1D ãLW WDL JDOL GDU\WL ² VXWLNR NDOYLV ² 2 DSLH WDL NDV EXYR QDNW³ ãLXNãWX QLHNDP
neprasitark.
%HW NXU WDX SXVEHUQLV LãN
V QHSDVLJ\U
V WRNLD LãGDLJD 'DU W SDþL SDYDNDU
DSLE¡JR SXV

NDLPR LU UDLW\GDPDVLV Lã MXRNR ãQLUSãþLRGDPDV LU SUXQNãGDPDV ³ VDXM SDVDNRMR NDLS VXWHPXV YDNDUH
QXYDåLDY
V VX NDOYLX -XRGYDONLX SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR 8UãXO
QDXMMD âHãHOJRV NDODPDãND R SDVNXL
QDNW³ JULDXGåLDQW SHUNÌQLMDL LãYHUW
M VX NLDXUD JHOGD ³ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV 7HQ LU MDP JHUDL NOLXY

QHW\þLD ³VLSDLQLRMXV ³ ãLPWDNYROG³ 8UãXO¡V VLMRQ EHW ODLPLQJDL LãWUÌN
V R 8UãXO
YHVWL SDWV YHOQLDV
3LQþXNDV SDVLãRY
V .DLS Lã WRV E¡GRV 8UãXO¡ LãVLNDSVW¡ -XUJXWLV QHåLQRMR WLN JLUG¡MR NDG ML W SDW
U\W SUDNHLN¡ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ LU SDE¡JR ³ âYHQGXEU¡V GDYDWN\Q
%HW -XUJXWLV QH WLHN SDVDNRMR NLHN SUXQNãW¡ ³ VDXM NDLS NDWLQDV LU ãQLUSãþLRMR SHU VLHNVQ³ SUR
YLHQ LU NLW ãQLUSãO
 WDL QLHNR WLNUR QHJDOLPD EXYR VXSUDVWL LU YLVN WHNR ODLN\WL SXVEHUQLR LU GDU
SULHNYDLOLR VDSDOLRMLPDLV ,U MXR SDWLN¡MR QH GDXJLDX NDLS 8UãXOH
2 XåNODXVWD 8UãXO¡ DU QH -XRGYDONLV VX -XUJXþLX EXYR SDV M DWYDåLDY
V SLUãOLDLV LU LãGU¡E
V VX
JHOGD ³ SHONHV SLNWLQRVL LU åHJQRMRVL
² $U Dã DNOD DU N" 3DWL VDYR DNLPLV PDþLDX .RNV WHQ -XUJXWLV" $U Dã WR NYDLãRV
QHSDå³VWX" 6X UDJDLV EXYR 7LNUDV 3LQþXNDV
-XUJXWLV SDPDW
V 8UãXO
 VSUXNGDYR SUXQNãGDPDV ³ ãDO³ NDG QHSDNOLÌWÐ ³ MRV UDQNDV LU
QHUHLNWÐ YHVWL .DLS W QDNW³ EXYR ² JDODV MXRV åLQR -XUJXWLV YLHQDLS 8UãXO¡ NLWDLS SDVDNRMR 9LVNDV
VXVLSDLQLRMR LU QHåLQLD EXYR NXR þLD GDEDU WLN¡WL 2 XåNODXVWL %DOWDUDJLV VX -XFGYDONLX ² YLHQDV
W\O¡MR R NLWDV ãDLS¡VL SUR ÌVXV
² 6XSDLVDL SXVEHUQLR LU VHQPHUJ¡V NOLHG¡MLPÐ" *DO MLHPV SULVLVDSQDYR"
6DSQDV VDSQX R NLW GLHQ 3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH SULH SDW GLGåLRVLRV DNLYDURV SLHPHQV DWUDGR
NLDXU JHOG LU DQW NDGXJLR VXGUDVN\W 8UãXO¡V ãLPWDNYROG³ VLMRQ *HOG SDOLNR N YHLNVL VX NLDXUX
GDLNWX R VLMRQ DWQHã¡ %DOWDUDJLXL -LV LU SDNDELQR M³ PDOÌQH 8UãXO¡V DWPLQLPXL GXON¡PV ãOXRVW\WL 2
SDVNXL QXVLSO¡ã¡ MR SXV
-XRGYDONLV LU SDUVLQHã¡ ³ VDYR NDOY
 LU VXRGåLDPV SDYDO\WL LU -XUJXþLXL
DWJUDVLQWL NDG GDXJLDX QHNYDLOLRWÐ LU QH³VLJHLVWÐ SLUãOLDLV YDåLQ¡WL
7DLS DU NLWDLS þLD EXYR WLNWDL DSLH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ ¡P¡ VNOLVWL QHSDSUDVWL JDQGDL R SDVNXL LU
JDODV åLQR NDV WHQ G¡MRVL

XVI

7DLS DU NLWDLS EXYR W QHOHPW QDNW³ WLNWDL 3LQþXNDV QXR WR U\WR SDVLGDU¡ %DOWDUDJLR EHUQDV LU
LãWLNLPDL SUDWDUQDYR SDV M³ EHYHLN VHSW\QHULXV PHWXV
-LV VX PDORQXPX VXNR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Xå Y¡M SULåLÌU¡MR JLUQDV LU DWOLNGDYR YLVXV NLWXV
GDUEXV NXULXRV MDP SDYHVGDYR %DOWDUDJLV ,U EÌWÐ SDVLGDU
V YLVDL JHUDV PDOÌQLQLQNDV NDG QH YLVRNLRV
YHOQLãNRV VLOSQ\E¡V %HW NR QRU¡WL Lã YHOQLR MHLJX LU åPRQ¡V WR JHUR DSVþLDL WXUL R MXN YHOQLDV NDLS
VDNR YLVÐ EORJ\ELÐ ³NÌQLMLPDV
7XU¡MR 3LQþXNDV LU JHUÐ \SDW\ELÐ Lã NXULÐ %DOWDUDJLXL ODELDXVLDL SDWLNR NDG EXYR VåLQLQJDV
ODLN¡VL VDYR åRGåLR LU ELMRMR PRWHULãNÐ VLMRQÐ -DX Lã WROR SDPDW
V PRWHULãN VLMRQ O³VGDYR SR
JLUQRPLV LU XQNãGDYR Lã EDLP¡V NDLS ãXQ\WLV NRO %DOWDUDJLV M³ QXUDPLQGDYR
.DUWDLV 3LQþXN DSLPGDYR VHQDVLV WLQJLQ\V LU YLVLãNDV DEHMLQJXPDV EHW XåWHNGDYR WLNWDL LãHLWL
VXNWL PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ LU WXRMDX SUDVLEODLY\GDYR 2 VXNWLV VX PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV YLVÐ ODELDXVLDL 3LQþXNXL
SDWLNGDYR 7DGD MLV GDLU\GDPDVLV SR SODþL DS\OLQN
 OLÌOLXRMDQþLXV HåHUXV LU åDOLXRMDQþLXV NDOQXV
SUDG¡GDYR VYDMRWL DSLH GLGHO³ LU JUDåÐ J\YHQLP LU DSLH QHSDSUDVWXV å\JLXV MDP SDVLHNWL %HW NRO NDV
WDL EXYR WLNWDL VYDMRQ¡V NXULRPV ³Y\NG\WL QHWXU¡MR QHL ODLNR QHL GLGHOLR QRUR 7DL LU SDVLGDU¡ 3LQþXNDV
YLVDL WXãþLDV VYDMRWRMDV
2 PHWDL E¡JR SR PHWÐ LU 3LQþXNDV YLV ODELDX SULSUDWR SULH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR 6DYR OLÌQR QHW
SULVLPLQWL QHQRU¡MR .DUWDLV QHW EDLP¡ M³ SDJDXGDYR NXU GLQJWÐ MHLJX %DOWDUDJLV LPWÐ LU LãYDU\WÐ Lã
PDOÌQR" .DLS WDGD MLV J\YHQWÐ LU N GDU\WÐ" 1HJL Y¡O NLXUNVRWÐ SHU GLHQDV LU QDNWLV VDYR OLHNQH LU
EHSUDVPLãNDL VQÌGXULXRWÐ $SLH WDL SDJDOYRMXV YHOQLXNXL QHW NÌQDV SDJDXJRP QXHLGDYR 9LVDL MLV
SUDG¡MR SDQ¡ã¡WL ³ åPRJÐ VX YLVRPLV MR VLOSQ\E¡PLV
%HW %DOWDUDJLV EXYR JHUDV ãHLPLQLQNDV 3LQþXNR GDUEX LU HOJHVLX YLVLãNDL SDWHQNLQWDV LU Q¡
QHPDQ¡ YDU\WL MR Lã PDOÌQR .DUWDLV MHLJX LU SDJVGLQGDYR PRWHULãNX VLMRQX W\þLD G¡O WR ODLN¡ PDOÌQH
VXSO\ãXV³ 8UãXO¡V VLMRQ NXU³ DQ NDUW DWQHã¡ SLHPHQV Lã SHONLÐ DU VDYR GXNWHULPL EDLVHVQH Xå
UDJDQ EHW YLVD WDL GDU\GDYR WLNWDL GLGHVQLDP SDWLHV 3LQþXNR ODEXL 3LQþXNDV WDL VXSUDWR LU EXYR QHW
G¡NLQJDV %DOWDUDJLXL
3DJDOLDX 3LQþXNDV WDLS SULSUDWR SULH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR NDG YLVLãNDL SDVLNHLW¡ LU QHW VDYR
YHOQLãN SULJLPW³ ¡P¡ SUDUDVWL 1HW LU LãYDL]GD MR DWVLPDLQ¡ Lã MXRGR SDVLGDU¡ EDOWDV NDG QHW SDWV
YHOQLÐ NXQLJDLNãWLV QHEÌWÐ MR SDåLQ
V MHLJX QH UDJLXNDL NDNWRMH NXULÐ YLHQDV WDLS LU SDVLOLNR 8UãXO¡V
SXVLDX LãVXNWDV R QXWULXãXVL XRGHJD EDLJ¡ YLVDL LãQ\NWL 2 NDV DQNVþLDX M³ OLÌQH SDåLQRMR EÌWÐ LU
QH³WDU
V NDG ãLWDV JXYXV LU GDUEãWXV YHOQLXNDV ² WDV SDWV 3DXGUXY¡V NLPV\QÐ WLQJLQ\V YHOQLDV NXULV
visiškai niekam netiko.
*DO 3LQþXNDV EÌWÐ YLVDL SDVLNHLW
V LU YLVDP ODLNXL SDVLOLN
V %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQH MHL QH WRNV
DWVLWLNLPDV -DX EDLJ¡VL VHSWLQWL PHWDL ² NDV Lã WLNUÐMÐ YHOQLXL PHWDL ² NDLS åPRJXL YLHQD GLHQD ²
NDL VWDLJD MDP SDUÌSR NDV JL WDLS OLQNVPDL MXRNLDVL DSLH PDOÌQ E¡JLRGDPDV 9LHQ NDUW QHLãNHQW
V
SDåLÌU¡MR SUR SO\ã³ LU SDPDW¡ QHSDSUDVWDL JUDåL PHUJLQ DWE¡JDQþL ³ PDOÌQ
0HUJLQD SULE¡JR SULH %DOWDUDJLR PHLOLDL DSVLNDELQR MR NDNO LU SUDG¡MR NDåN NXåG¡WL ³ DXV³
YLV NYDWRGDPD 7DV MXRNDV EXYR WRNV OLQNVPDV NDG QHW Xå ãLUGLHV JULHE¡
3LQþXNDV Lã SUDGåLÐ EDLVLDL QXVLJDQGR LU QRU¡MR VO¡SWLV SR JLUQRPLV EHW WDV OLQNVPDV MXRNDV LU
ãYLHVLRV PHUJLQRV DN\V VXODLN¡ 3LQþXN LU MLV XåVLåLRSVRMR
3DVNXL SDVLVO¡S
V Xå VVSDURV 3LQþXNDV QXJLUGR NDLS PHUJLQD SDVDNRMR %DOWDUDJLXL
 ² 1HåLQDX W¡YHOL NHWLQD LU SDV PDQH SLUãOLDL DWYDåLXRWL EHW Dã LãWDLV\VLX WRNLDV SLUãO\EDV NDG
DQWU NDUW QLHNDV LU XåVLPLQWL DSLH MDV QHQRU¡V
² $N WX PDQR LãG\N¡OH ² DWVDN¡ VXVLUÌSLQ
V %DOWDUDJLV² $UJL ãLWDLS PHUJLQRV GDUR"
$WYDåLXRV SLUãOLDLV MDXQLNLV NXULV WDX SDWLNV LU LãYDåLXRVL PDQH YLHQ SDOLNXVL
² 1LHNDGRV ² SXUW¡VL PHUJLQD ² 1RUV LU SDWV NDUDODLWLV VX DXNVLQH NDULHWD
3DVNXL PHUJLQD DSVLNDELQXV %DOWDUDJ³ QX¡MR ³ WURE R 3LQþXNDV QXVHN¡ DNLPLV LU VXVLUÌSLQR
NDV ML JDO¡WÐ EÌWL 1HQRU¡MR WLN¡WL NDG WDL EÌWÐ WD SDWL %DOWDUDJLR GXNW¡ SLNWHVQ¡ Xå UDJDQ NXUL MDP
YRV DNLÐ QHLãGUDVN¡ LU YLHQ UDJ LãVXNR 2 MHLJX QH GXNW¡ WDL NDV ML EÌWÐ"
7DLS SDUÌSR 3LQþXNXL WD P³VO¡ NDG MLV ODXå¡ JDOY YLVDL MLV JDOYRWL EXYR DWSUDW
V DQNVþLDX
VQÌGXULXRGDPDV SHON¡VH R SDVNXL VXNGDPDV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ LU QHJDO¡MR QLHNR VXSUDVWL 7XU EÌW
GDU LU WRG¡O NDG NLHNYLHQ NDUW NDL SDVLURG\GDYR PHUJLQD NLHPH DU PDOÌQH MLV YLVLãNDL VXNYDLO¡GDYR
LU YLVN XåPLUã
V U\WH U\GDYR M DNLPLV QLHNR QHJDO¡GDPDV JDOYRWL 7RNLD JUDåL MDP EXYR NDG
DWVLåLÌU¡WL QHJDO¡MR .DLS WLN DSLH WRNL VQÌGXULXRGDPDV VYDMRGDYR LU VDSQXRGDYR $UJL ML WLNUDL WRNLD
EÌWÐ"
0HLO¡ ³ YHOQLXNR ãLUG³ ³VLPHW¡ DU N MDX NDG MLV QHW VXEORJR VHNLRGDPDV PHUJLQ DNLPLV LU
VSU
VGDPDV QH³VS¡MDP P³VO
 %DOWDUDJLV WR YLVDL QHåLQRGDPDV VXVLUÌSLQR DU NDUWDLV MR EHUQDV
QHVXVLUJ
V NDG WRNV OLÌGQDV SDVLGDU
V LU VXQ\N
V *DO VDYR OLÌQR DU SUDJDUR SDVLLOJ
V
² 1HQXVLPLQN ² NDUW SDJXRG¡ ² -DX EDLJLDVL VHSWLQWL PHWDL JDO¡VL HLWL NXU QRU¡VL
² 1LHNXU Dã QHLVLX Lã WDYR PDOÌQR ² DWVDN¡ QXOLÌG
V YHOQLXNDV ² $PåLQDL þLD SDVLOLNVLX
² .DLS QRUL ² SDWUDXN¡ SHþLDLV QLHNR QH³WDUGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV ² %ÌN MHLJX SDWLQND
2 NLW NDUW SDWV 3LQþXNDV QHL Lã ãLR QHL Lã WR XåNDOELQR %DOWDUDJ³
² .DV WD PHUJLQD NXUL þLD SR NLHP E¡JLRMD"
² .RNLD PHUJLQD" ² VXSUDWR %DOWDUDJLV EHW G¡MRVL QHVXSUDQWV QHåLQRGDPDV NDV YHOQLXL
SDUÌSR
² 1DJL WD NXUL WDLS OLQNVPDL MXRNLDVL LU NDåNR ODXNLD ² SDDLãNLQR 3LQþXNDV
² $N ãLWD ² DSVLQLDXN¡ VXSUDW
V %DOWDUDJLV LU QRU¡MR SDJVGLQWL 3LQþXN NDG ML HVDQWL GDU
EDLVHVQ¡ QHJX DQRML NXUL OHLGR Xå MR EHW SDåLÌU¡MR ³ 3LQþXN LU SDJDLOR MR WRNV MLV VXQ\N
V EXYR 7DL
LU SDVDN¡ WLN WLHN
² 7DLS VDX SDNHOHLYLQJD /DXNLD VDYÐMÐ DWYDåLXRMDQW VX VNDPEDODLV .DL MLH DWYDåLXRV WDL ML
LãYDåLXRV *DOL QHELMRWL
%HW 3LQþXNDV QHDWVWRMR
— O kas tie savieji?
² $U Dã åLQDX" ² DWVDN¡ QHSDWHQNLQWDV %DOWDUDJLV² %HW WX ³N\UXV GDUDLVL 3DVXN YHUþLDX
PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Q¡UD Y¡MR PDOWL UHLNLD
3LUP NDUW 3LQþXNDV QHQRURPLV VXNR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV YLV ODLN JDOYRGDPDV N þLD QXR MR
PDOÌQLQLQNDV VOHSLD 3DVXNV SDVXNV LU VXVWRMD VXVLPVW
V 3DJDOLDX %DOWDUDJLXL SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V LU
MLV LãNLãR JDOY SUR ODQJHO³
² $U WX VXNL DU QHVXNL" ² ãXNWHO¡MR
² 6XNX VXNX ² SLNWDL DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV LU OLHåXY³ N\ãWHO¡MR
'HMD %DOWDUDJLV XåLPWDV GDUEX QHSDPDW¡ NDG MR EHUQDV SDVLGDU¡ WRNV ³åÌOXV LU QHPDQGDJXV
%HW 3LQþXNDV ã³ NDUW WXU¡MR SDJULQGR

XVII

7XR ODLNX LU -XUJXWLV LãWLNLPDL SUDWDUQDY

V SDV -XRGYDON³ Xå SDUDQNLQ³ Lã SXVEHUQLR SDVLGDU¡
VHQEHUQLV EHW YLV WRNV SDW SULHNYDLãLV R SDVNXL LU YLVDL SDEOÌGR
.DOYLR DPDWR WDLS LU QHLãPRNR QHV MDP YLVLãNDL XåWHNR SÌVWL GXPSOHV NODXV\WL NDLS MRV ÌåLD
åLÌU¡WL NDLS XJQLV å¡UXRMD åDL]GUH LU NLELUNãW\V ODNVWR SDOXEH SUR DXNãWLQ³ 2 NDL NDOYLV þLXS
V
UHSO¡PLV Lã åDL]GUR ³NDLWLQW JHOHå³ LPGDYR NDOWL SDVLG¡M
V DQW SULHNDOR WDGD LU MLV SULVLG¡GDYR PDåX
NÌMHOLX PXãGDPDV ³ WDNW LU EÌGDYR ODEDL SDWHQNLQWDV 3DVNXL NDL NDOYLV QXNDO
V GDLNW PHVGDYR ³
NXELO YDQGHQV LU WDV VXãQ\SãGDYR -XUJXWLV VPDJLDL QXVLãQLUSãGDYR SHU YLHQ ãQLUSãO
 R NDOYLV
QXVLãOXRVW\GDYR QXR NDNWRV LãUDVRMXV³ SUDNDLW
— Ar gerai? — paklausdavo kalvis.
— Gerai,— pritardavo Jurgutis.
² 1HQRUL SLUãOLDLV YDåLXRWL"
— Nenoriu.
² 1D WDL åLÌU¡N PDQ ² WDUGDYR NDOYLV LU SULVLPHUN
V åYLOJWHOGDYR ³ NDEDQþLR SDVLHQ\MH
8UãXO¡V VLMRQR VXSO\ãXVL SXV
 ² 1¡UD EREÐ EH VLMRQÐ R VX VLMRQDLV åLQDL NDLS DWVLWLQND
 7LNWDL YLHQL WLH QHPDORQÌV DWVLPLQLPDL -XUJXW³ NDQNLQR R NDOYLV GDU NDLS W\þLD OLHSGDYR VX WD
8UãXO¡V VLMRQR SXVH DSYDO\WL VXRGåLXV NDOY¡MH . GDU\V -XUJXWLV ãOXRVW\GDYR EHW SHU WLHN ODLNR Lã
8UãXO¡V VLMRQR OLNR WLN VXRGLQDV ãNXUO\V LU QHPDORQÌV DWVLPLQLPDL NXULH WDLS SDW SDPDåX EDLJ¡ EO¡VWL
*DO EÌWÐ -XUJXWLV YLVDL QXVHQ
V LU SDVLOLN
V NDOY¡MH DPåLQX SDUDQNLQLX EHW NDUW NDOYLR
SDVLÐVWDV ³ PDOÌQ SDPDW¡ %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ -XUJ MDX JUDåL SDDXJO
PHUJLQ LU JDODV åLQR NDV MDP
SDVLGDU¡ 2 NDL LãJLUGR MRV OLQNVP MXRN WDL YLVDL JDOYRV QHWHNR
6XJU³åR ³ NDOY
VXPLã
V LU VXLU]
V ãQLUSãþLRMR SUR YLHQ SUR NLW QRVLHV VN\OXW
LU SULH
GXPSOLÐ QXVWRY¡WL QHJDO¡MR äDL]GUDV þLD VXOLHSVQRGDYR þLD Y¡O XåJHVGDYR 3ULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V NDOYLV
ODXNGDPDV NRO ³NDLV JHOHåLV
² $U WX GXPL DU QHGXPL" ² SDãQDLUDYR ³ -XUJXW³
² 'XPLX GXPLX ² DWVDN¡ -XUJXWLV ãQLUSãWHO¡M
V SUR DELGYL ãQLUSãOHV O\J YHUNGDPDV
² .DV WDX \UD" ² VXVLGRP¡MR NDOYLV
-XUJXWLV GDU ODELDX VXãQLUSãW¡ SUR QRV³ LU XåJXO¡ DQW GXPSOLÐ QLHNR QHDWVDN\GDPDV
äDL]GUDV ³VLOLHSVQRMR NDG QH WLN NLELUNãW\V EHW LU OLHSVQD O¡N¡ SUR DXNãWLQ³
² $U SDVLXWDL" .DOY
GDU XåGHJVL ² VXVWDEG¡ NDOYLV ³VLNDUãþLDYXV³ -XUJXW³² .DV þLD WDX
Xå¡MR" 1XVLãQ\SãN LU SUDHLV
-XUJXWLV QXVLãQ\SãW¡ LU SDWV GLQJR Lã NDOY¡V .DOYLV WXR WDUSX MR QHSDVLJHGR R -XUJXWLV
VODQNLRMR DSLH %DOWDUDJLR NDOQ LU PDOÌQ QRU¡GDPDV GDU NDUW SDPDW\WL -XUJ LU LãJLUVWL MRV OLQNVP
MXRN
6XVLWLNR -XUJ SDHåHU¡MH VNUDLGDQþL VX åXY¡GURPLV LU XåVLVSRNVRMR
² .RNLD WX JUDåL ² WDU¡ VXVLåDY¡M
V -XUJDL ² 9LV DPåLÐ åLÌU¡þLDX ³ WDYH LU
QHDWVLåLÌU¡þLDX
² . WX þLD SUDVLPDQDL -XUJXWL" ² VWDEWHO¡MR SUDE¡JGDPD -XUJD ² 9HUþLDX QXVLãQ\SãN LU
bus gerai.
-XUJXWLV ã³ NDUW QHQXVLãQ\SãW¡ WLN DWVLGXVR LU WDLS JUDXGåLDL SDVLåLÌU¡MR NDG -XUJDL QHVPDJX
SDVLGDU¡ LU ML JUHLþLDX QXVNULGR ³ PDOÌQ
2 -XUJXWLV GDU LOJDL åLÌU¡MR NXU ML QXE¡JR LU WLN Y¡ODL YDNDUH VXJU³åR ³ NDOY
 3DWDPV\MH
ãQLUSãGDPDV QXOLQGR ³ VDYR NDPS Xå åDL]GUR LU QHJDO¡MR XåPLJWL 9LV GÌVDYR LU ãQLUSãW¡ O\J
YHUNGDPDV 2 Lã U\WR QHQRU¡MR NHOWLV LU GXPSOLÐ SÌVWL
² .DP WX YHåHL PDQH SLUãOLDLV SDV W UDJDQ 8UãXO
" ² SULNLãR NDOYLXL ² 7LNWDL DSMXRNLQDL
YLVDP DPåLXL
² 1DJL SDWV QRU¡MDL ² SDãQDLUDYR NDOYLV
² 0DåD NR QRU¡MDX ² SULNLãR -XUJXWLV ² 7DL GDEDU QXYHåN SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR -XUJ
² 0DWDL NR ³VLJHLG¡ ² QXVWHER NDOYLV ² äLO¡ JDOYRQ YHOQLDV XRGHJRQ -XN WX MDX
VHQEHUQLV R ML GDU PHUJDLW¡
² 2 NDL %DOWDUDJLV VHQEHUQLV EXYR LãSLUãDL MDP 0DUFHO
 ² SULNLãR -XUJXWLV
² 0DåD NDV EXYR DQWU NDUW WR QHEXV ² JULHåWDL DWVDN¡ NDOYLV LU ¡P¡VL GDUER ²3ÌVWHON
dumples!
² 1D NDG QHEXV WDL QHEXV ² QXVLãQ\SãW¡ QHSDWHQNLQWDV -XUJXWLV LU VWRMR SULH GXPSOLÐ %HW
QH WLHN GÌP¡ NLHN NDåN JDOYRMR 2 SDVNXL NXU EXY
V NXU QHEXY
V YLV GDåQLDX GLQJGDYR Lã NDOY¡V LU
VXNGDYRVL DSLH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
3DJDOLDX NDOYLV SULWUÌN
V NDQWU\E¡V QX¡MR ³ PDOÌQ LHãNRWL -XUJXþLR NXULV DPåLQDL WHQ
VODQNLRGDYR NDLS XåNHU¡WDV
² 1D NDLP\QH ² SULNLãR %DOWDUDJLXL ² QHEXYR WDLS GHU¡WDVL NDG PDQR JL]HO³ YLOLRWXP
Baltaragis tiktai nustebo:
² 2 NDV M³ YLOLRMD" ² DWVDN¡ SDWUDXNGDPDV SHþLDLV ² 0DQ MR YLVDL QHUHLNLD 'DU WLN PLOWXV
SULãQ\Sã DPåLQDL ãQLUSãþLRGDPDV
2 -XUJXWLV NDLS WLN EXYR YLUãXMH SULH JLUQÐ QRU¡GDPDV SDG¡WL %DOWDUDJLXL SDNHOWL PDLãXV %HW
QXJLUG
V NDOY³ VX PDOÌQLQLQNX EHVLãDLSDQW ³VLåHLG¡ LU QXPHW
V PLOWÐ PDLã ³ ãDO³ VSUXNR Lã PDOÌQR
² 3DODXN SDODXN SDVLNDOE¡VLP NXU WDYH G¡WL" ² EDQG¡ M³ VXODLN\WL NDOYLV ² 1XR NDOY¡V
DWLWUÌNDL LU PDOÌQH QHWLQNL $U WLN QHQRUL NXU SLUãOLDLV YDåLXRWL"
-XUJXWLV QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ WLN SDãQDLUDYR VX SULHNDLãWX ³ NDOY³ LU QX¡MR SDHåHUH EDLVLDL
QXVLPLQ
V (LWÐ NXU DN\V PDWR WROLDX QXR VDYR QHODLP¡V EHW QHJDO¡MR DWLWUDXNWL åYLOJVQLR QXR PDOÌQR
NXU DSOLQNXL VNUDLG¡ -XUJD NDLS åXY¡GUD SDYHUJXVL MR ãLUG³ LU YLVDV PLQWLV
%HW QHJDO¡GDPDV QLHNR VXJDOYRWL LU SDGDU\WL VXNRVL WLNWDL NDLS XåEXUWDV DSOLQNXL
åYLOJþLRGDPDV Lã WROR ³ PDOÌQR VSDUQXV LU GÌVDXGDPDV 2 VXWLN
V -XUJ VSRNVRGDYR ³ M NDLS
DSXRN¡OLV QHJDO¡GDPDV åRGåLR LãWDUWL -XUJDL VXQNX EXYR SDNHOWL EHYLOWLãN -XUJXþLR åYLOJVQ³ LU ML
vengdavo su juo susitikti.
1XVLPLQ
V -XUJXWLV JU³åGDYR ³ NDOY
 EHW LU WHQ QHJDO¡MR QXVLUDPLQWL 3ÌVGDPDV GXPSOHV
MDXVGDYR ² WDUVL QH åDL]GUDV OLHSVQRWÐ R MR ãLUGLV VYDLG\GDPD NLELUNãWLV ,U NDOYLV URGRV QH ³
SULHNDO NÌMX GDXå\WÐ EHW ³ MR JDOY -XUJXWLV QHLãWYHUGDYR LU Y¡O VSUXNGDYR Lã NDOY¡V ³ SDHåHU

² 9LVDL SDEOÌGR ² VXVLUÌSLQGDYR NDOYLV² %HW N þLD SDGDU\VL" 3DNYDLOLRV LU SUDHLV NDG
WLN QHQXVLVNDQGLQWÐ
-XUJXWLV JDO EÌWÐ VHQLDL QXVLVNDQGLQ
V EHW HåHUR JHOP¡V QHJDO¡MR MR ãLUGLHV DWY¡VLQWL -LV
NODMRMR SDHåHU¡PLV LU LHãNRMR SURJRV GDU NDUW SDPDW\WL -XUJ R SDVNXL QRUV HLWL ³ SDVDXOLR JDO %HW
QLHNXU Q¡MR WLN VXNRVL XåEXUWDPH UDWH ELMRGDPDV SUDUDVWL Lã DNLÐ -XUJ QRU¡GDPDV M EHQW Lã WROR
pamatyti.
2 VXEDWYDNDULDLV NDL SDVLJLUVGDYR SDHåHU¡V NHOHOLDLV SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDODL -XUJXWLV YLVDL
QHWXU¡GDYR NXU G¡WLV 6SUXNGDYR Lã NDOY¡V LU E¡JLRGDYR NDLS SDNYDLã
V QHåLQRGDPDV NR VWYHUWLV LU WLN
YLHQR ELMRGDPDV NDG SLUãOLDL VX MDXQLNLDLV QHDWYDåLXRWÐ ³ PDOÌQ LU QHLãYHåWÐ -XUJRV NXULRV
QHPDW\GDPDV QHJDO¡WÐ J\YHQWL NDLS EH VDXO¡V 2 ML LU Xå VDXO
MDP EXYR VNDLVWHVQ¡
7DGD -XUJXWLV Lã VLHOYDUWR SUDVLPDQ¡ WRNLÐ GDO\NÐ NRNLÐ QHW QH³WDUWXP NDG MLV VXJHE¡WÐ
DWOLNWL %HW þLD MLV YHLN¡ QH YLHQDV WXU¡MR LU DQWULQLQN NXULV WDLS SDW G¡O -XUJRV Lã SURWR NUDXVW¡VL %HW
NDLS MLH QHVXVLWLNR LU YLHQDV NLWR QHSDVWHE¡MR JDODV MXRV åLQR 7XU EÌW YLHQDV DQWUR ² NDLS VDYR
ãHã¡OLR

XVIII

5XGHQLRS MDX EXYR NDL 3LQþXNDV VXNGDPDV PDOÌQR VSDUQXV LãJLUGR WROXPRMH YDUSHO³ 7DV
YDUSHOLV Lã SUDGåLÐ YRV JLUGLPDV YLV DUW¡MR SUR NDOQXV LU SDHåHUHV LU YLV JDUV¡MR
² .DV JL þLD JDO¡WÐ EÌWL" ² VXVLUÌSLQR 3LQþXNDV LU VWHQJ¡VL YLV DXNãþLDX LãNLOWL NDG
SDPDW\WÐ NDV WHQ GLQGL
,U SDJDOLDX SDPDW¡ 1XR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV NU\åNHO¡V SDVXNR PDOÌQR OLQN YHåLPDV VX
VNDPEDOX 9HåLPH V¡G¡MR GX Y\UDL YLHQDV MDXQDV NLWDV VHQDV
² 7XU EÌW WRV PHUJLQRV VDYLHML DWYDåLXRMD LãVLYHåWL² VXSUDWR 3LQþXNDV LU EDLVLDL DSPDXGX
MDP SDVLGDU¡ ,ã WR DSPDXGR WDLS VPDUNLDL SDVXNR PDOÌQR VSDUQ NDG QHW PDOÌQDV SDãRNR Lã YLHWRV R
MLV SDWV QXO¡N¡ SDGHEHVLDLV LU YHOQLDV åLQR NXU GLQJR
² $U Lã SURWR Lã¡MDL" ² ãÌNWHO¡MR VXS\N
V %DOWDUDJLV LU LãNLãR JDOY SUR ODQJHO³
%HW 3LQþXNR Q¡ NYDSR QHEXYR DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ QRUV MLH YLV GDU NDXNGDPL VXNRVL QXR WR
VPDUNDXV VXNWHO¡MLPR
7XR ODLNX LU -XUJXWLV LãJLUG
V SLUãOLÐ VNDPEDO VWDLJD GLQJR Lã NDOY¡V
² .XU M³ JDODV LãQHã¡" ² SDVLJHGR NDOYLV EHW QHVXODXNGDPDV SDWV YLHQDV DSVL¡MR YLHQD
UDQND GXPSOHV SÌW¡ R NLWD ² JHOHå³ NDLWLQR åDL]GUH
2 -XUJXWLV NDLS WLN ODLNX LããRN
V Lã NDOY¡V ³NLãR EDVO³ ³ UDW SUDYDåLXRMDQWLHPV SLUãOLXL VX
MDXQLNLX 7LH QHSDVWHE¡MR SLNWRV LãGDLJRV LU QXGDUG¡MR OLJL *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV EDUVW\GDPL UDWR
stipinus ant kelio.
7LHV *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPD MDX EXYR DWVNULG
V 3LQþXNDV LU NDL SLUãO\V VX MDXQLNLX OHLGRVL QXR
NU\åNHO¡V ³ SDNDOQ
 MLV
³VLNLER Lã YLVÐ M¡JÐ ³ SDVNXWLQLXV UDWXV LU QHSDOHLGåLD NDG QHW YHåLPDV
VWDEWHO¡MR 3LUãO\V PRVWHO¡MR DUNOLDPV ERWDJX DUNOLDL ³VLU
å
WUÌNWHO¡MR SDVNXWLQLDL UDWDL WULRNãW LU
VXE\U¡MR 3LQþXNDV VSUXNR ³ JULRY³ Xå NUÌPÐ LU åLÌUL NDV GDEDU EXV
$UNOLDL SDVLEDLG¡ SLUãO\V VX MDXQLNLX LãVLYHUW¡ SUR YHåLPR JDO JHUDL GDU NDG YDGHOLÐ
YHUVGDPLHVL QHSDOHLGR VXVWDEG¡ DUNOLXV R SDVNXL åLÌUL LU VDYR DNLPLV QHWLNL
Tada piršlys ir sako:
² $U YHOQLDV þLD WXRV UDWXV VXODXå¡" 1HL DNPXR QHL GXRE¡ QH NLWDLS NDLS SDWV QHODEDVLV
² (LN MDX G¡GH ² DWVDN¡ MDXQLNLV SXUWLQGDPDV GXONHV QXR VNYHUQÐ ² .XU MLV þLD
SDLQLRVLV" 6DXO¡ GDU WLN OHLGåLDVL
² 7X PDQ QHVDN\N VHQDV Dã åPRJXV YLVNR HVX PDW
V LU åLQDX QH NLWDLS þLD NDLS DQR GDUEDV
² WYLUWLQR SLUãO\V ELMRGDPDV QH ODLNX SDPLQ¡WL YHOQL LU DSåLÌU¡GDPDV VXOÌåXVLXV UDWXV
² *DQD MDX JDQD ² QHVXWLNR MDXQLNLV QHVPDJLDL MDXVGDPDVLV NDG WDLS SDVLEDLJ¡ MR SLUPRV
piršlybos.
² 7X WLNWDL SDåLÌU¡N ² QHQXVLOHLGR SLUãO\V LU URG¡ MDXQLNLXL VXLUXVLXV UDWXV ² UDWDL WDUVL QH
VXOÌå
 EHW LãSO¡ãWL EÌWÐ 6DNLDX JHULDX QHYDåLXRNLPH SDV W %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ 7¡YDV UDJDQLXV WDL LU
DSLH GXNWHU³ åLQDL YHOQLDL VXNDVL 1H NDV NLWDV WLNWDL MLH PXPV UDWXV VXODXå¡
7DL LãJLUG
V 3LQþXNDV QXVLãLHS¡ SDWHQNLQWDV 0DW Y¡O DWJDYR VDYR YHOQLãN SULJLPW³ LU
DSVLGåLDXJ¡ SDGDU
V åPRJXL LãGDLJ
 ² (LN MDX G¡GH ² VS\U¡VL MDXQLNLV ² 9LGXU\MH GLHQRV QLHNXV SDLVWDL
² 3DWV PDWDL NRNLH þLD QLHNDL ² NUDLS¡ JDOY SLUãO\V ² *HUDL GDU NDG SULHNLQLDL UDWDL OLNR
6XVLWDLV\VLPH E¡G LU YDåLXRVLPH QDPR
² .DLS GDEDU þLD YDåLXRVL G¡GH" 1HJUDåX ² QXVLPLQ¡ MDXQLNLV EHW LU SDWV PDW¡ NDG QLHNR
geresnio neišgalvosi.
² '¡NRN GLHYXL YDLNH ² VDNR SLUãO\V ² DU WDP YHOQLXL NXULV UDWXV VXODXå¡ LU QHVXYHG¡
WDY
V VX WR UDJDQLDXV GXNWHULPL . GDU\WXP WRNL JDY
V" 9LV DPåLÐ NHLNWXPHLV
7DL LãJLUG
V 3LQþXNDV SULVLPLQ¡ VDYR QHODLP
VX 8UãXOH NXUL ODLPLQJDL SDVLEDLJ¡ LU Y¡O
QXVLãLHS¡ %HW þLD SDW SOLDXNãWHO¡MR SDWV VDX SHU NDNW LU DWVLJRGRMR
² .RNV Dã NYDLODV EXYDX ² SDWV VDX WDU¡ ² -XN PDQH DSJDYR %DOWDUDJLV NDLS W SDW³
NYDLOLDXVL YHOQL ,U Dã GDU MDP VHSW\QHULXV PHWXV PDOÌQ VXNDX $LãNX NDLS DQW GHOQR NDG MLV QRU¡MR
LãNLãWL PDQ NDåNRNL UDJDQ R GXNWHU³ VDX SDVLOLNWL LU Xå NLWR LãOHLVWL 1D WDLS QHEXV 1HDWYDåLXRV SDV
%DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ MRNV MDXQLNLV VX SLUãOLX 6XåLQRV MLV VHQDV NHOPDV NDG YHOQLÐ QHJDOLPD VXYHGåLRWL LU
DSJDXGLQ¡WL
3DODXN¡ 3LQþXNDV NRO SLUãO\V VX MDXQLNLX VXVLWDLV¡ Lã VXOÌåXVLÐ UDWÐ E¡G LU DWJDO QXYDåLDYR
QXVLULã
VNDPEDO
² 7DLS YLVLHPV EXV MHLJX QH EORJLDX ² SDJUDVLQR 3LQþXNDV NODXV\GDPDV WROVWDQþLRV E¡GRV
WDUãN¡MLPR ² 1HVXODXNVL %DOWDUDJL SLUãOLÐ QRUV LU JLUG¡VL MÐ VNDPEDOXV
7DLS QXWDU
V 3LQþXNDV QHJU³åR DWJDO ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ QRUV LU EXYR GDU QHSDVLEDLJ
VHSWLQWL
PHWDL -XN LU WDLS M³ DSJDXOLQJDL LãQDXGRMR
2 %DOWDUDJLV YHOWXL ODXN¡ VXJU³åWDQW VDYR EHUQR 'LHQRV EXYR NDLS W\þLD EH Y¡MR LU PDOÌQDV
VWRY¡MR VXJODXG
V VSDUQXV 3\NR %DOWDUDJLV NXUJL WDV YHOQLDV EÌWÐ GLQJ
V PDOLPR EXYR SLOQDV
PDOÌQDV R þLD WRNLD JDLãDWLV 3DJDOLDX VXSUDWR NRG¡O 3LQþXNDV QHJU³åWD 0DW\W QRUV LU NYDLODV EHW
G¡OWR SDJDOLDX VXYRN¡ NDG EXYR DSJDXWDV LU ³VLåHLG¡
'DEDU VXNR %DOWDUDJLV JDOY NDLS LãYHQJWL YHOQLR NHUãWR 7LN QLHNR QHJDO¡MR VXJDOYRWL QHV LU
QHåLQRMR NRNV EXV WDV NHUãWDV LU NDLS þLD UHLNV QXR MR DSVLJLQWL
2 3LQþXNDV VXJU³åR ³ VDYR SHONHV LU WDLS SDW GDXJ JDOYRVÌNLR WXU¡MR 9LV ODLN JDOYRMR DSLH
QDXMDV NOLÌWLV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHUV SLUãOLDPV LU ODNVW¡ MÐ WDLV\WL 2 SLUãOLDL VX MDXQLNLDLV WDUVL VXVLWDU

YLHQDV SR NLWR YDåLDYR ³ PDOÌQ NDUWDLV QHW SR NHOLV Lã YLVÐ NHWXULÐ SXVLÐ 3LQþXNXL GDXJ YDUJR EXYR
NRO MLV YLVLHPV VXNOLXG\GDYR R SDþLXV DWNDNOLDXVLXV SDNODLGLQGDYR WDUSXHåHULÐ SHON¡VH DUED QXR
VNDUGåLR NXU QXVWXPGDYR VXGDXå\GDPDV YHåLP LU QXVXNGDPDV VSUDQGXV 9LVLãNDL QXVLODNVW¡
3LQþXNDV JDXG\GDPDV SLUãOLXV QHWXU¡MR ODLNR QHL PDXUXRVH SDJXO¡WL QHL SDVYDMRWL EHW XåWDW DWJDYR
YLV YHOQLãN JDO\E
LU YLNUXP
,U -XUJXWLV W UXGHQ³ QHSDSUDVWDL DWNXWR QHQXVW\JGDPDV NDOY¡MH LU YLV NDåNXU GLQJGDPDV
² .XU WDYH JDODV QHãLRMD" ² QH NDUW EDU¡ M³ NDOYLV EHW -XUJXWLV WLNWDL ãQLUSãþLRMR LU QLHNR
QHVDN¡
-XRGYDONLV ³WDU¡ NDG YLV GDU -XUJXWLV G¡O %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHUV Lã SURWR NUDXVWRVL %HW N þLD
SDGDU\VL" -LV QHåLQRMR NDG WDV Lã YLHQR VX YHOQLX 3LQþXNX YHLNLD WDL QLHNR LU QHGDU¡ 3DNYDLOLRV
SXVJDOYLV ³ VHQDWY
 LU SUDHLV 2 WXR ODLNX JDO LU %DOWDUDJLR GXNW¡ LãWHN¡V LU QHEXV SDJXQGÐ
%HW SHU YLV UXGHQ³ Q¡ YLHQDP MDXQLNLXL VX SLUãOLX QHSDY\NR DWYDåLXRWL SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³
9LV NDV QRUV SDNHOLXL QXWLNGDYR LU SLUãOLDL VX MDXQLNLDLV NLWXU QXNO\VGDYR -XUJXþLR QLHNDV QH³WDU¡
9LV E¡G VXYHUVGDYR 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLXL 3LQþXNXL
3DJDOLDX LU %DOWDUDJLV ³VLWLNLQR NDG þLD MR EHUQR NHUãWDV WLNWDL QHåLQRMR NDLS M³ QXJDO¡WL LU Y¡O
åLOR LU OLQNR Lã GLGHOLR UÌSHVþLR QRUV NDUWDLV LU GåLDXJGDYRVL NDG SLUãOLDL VX MDXQLNLDLV QHJDO¡GDPL
DWYDåLXRWL QHJDOL LãYHåWL GXNWHUV NXUL MLV WDLS ODEDL P\O¡MR
2 DSLH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ MDXQLNLÐ VX SLUãOLDLV QHV¡NPHV YLV GDXJLDX JDQGÐ LU SDVNDOÐ VNOLGR
NDG SDJDOLDX QLHNDV QHEHGU³VR YDåLXRWL SLUãOLDLV SDV MR JUDåXRO
GXNWHU³ -XUJ

XIX

3DJDOLDX %DOWDUDJLV QHSDN

VGDPDV åPRQLÐ SDVNDOÐ QXWDU¡ NLHN SDPRN\WL VDYR YHOQL LU MHLJX
SDVLVHNWÐ Y¡O SULH GDUER SULVWDW\WL 3DNYDLOLRMR NLHN SHU UXGHQ³ LU XåWHNV 1HJL WDLS DPåLQDL LU ODNVW\V
LãNLã
V OLHåXY³ YLVDLV DSOLQNLQLDLV NHOLDLV" 1HQRUL EHUQDXWL PDOÌQH WLHN MDX WR LU EH MR EXV JDOLPD
DSVLHLWL *DOL LU Y¡O VQDXVWL PDXUXRVH NDV MDP NOLXGR" 7DL LU SDVLU\åR %DOWDUDJLV SDNDOE¡WL VX 3LQþXNX
JUDåXPX NDLS NDLP\QDV VX NDLP\QX R MHLJX WDL QHSDG¡WÐ EHQW NDLO³ JHUDL LãOXSWL LU SULEDXJLQWL NDG
OLDXWÐVL NYDLOLRM
V
7DL YLHQ SDYDNDU
 LãVLSLRY
V JHU ãHUPXNãQLQ
OD]G LU G¡O YLVD NR SDVL¡P
V Lã PDOÌQR VHQ
VXGXON¡MXVLR 8UãXO¡V VLMRQR SXV
 XåVLOLNXVL GDU QXR DQÐ ODLNÐ Lã¡MR WHPVWDQW ³ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV
3LQþXNR LHãNRWL
-XUJD SDPDþLXVL LãHLQDQW³ W¡Y QXVWHEXVL SDNODXV¡
² .XU HLQL WDLS Y¡ODL W¡YHOL"
6XPLã
V %DOWDUDJLV DWVLJU
å¡ NLãGDPDV Xå SDMXRVþLR VLMRQ LU QHåLQRGDPDV N DWVDN\WL
² $U Dã" ² SDNODXV¡ ² 7DLS þLD VDX ² NDLP 7XULX UHLNDO
-XUJD GDU ODELDX QXVWHER .RNLH þLDUHLNDODL JDO¡WÐ EÌWL" 7¡YDV QLHNDGD ³ NDLP
QHYDLNãþLRGDYR LU MRNLÐ UHLNDOÐ QHWXU¡GDYR R GDEDU NDåNXU HLQD SULHã QDNW³
² 1HVXVLY¡OXRN ² SHUVS¡MR -XUJD ² 'DEDU WDPVLRV QDNW\V
%DOWDUDJLV SDVNXERPLV OHLVGDPDVLV ³ SDNDOQ
 MDX Lã WROR DWVDN¡ GXNUDL
² 1LHNR 1HVXVLY¡OLQVLX 7X PDQ
V QHODXN HLN JXOWL *DO Dã NLHN XåWUXNVLX
,U QX¡MR -XUJD SDO\G¡MR W¡Y DNLPLV QHVXSUDVGDPD NXU MLV JDO¡WÐ HLWL 1XVLOHLG
V ³ SDNDOQ

SDVXNR QH ³ NDLP EHW ³ SULHãLQJ SXV
 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ OLQN -XUJD QLHNR QHåLQRGDPD LU QH³WDUGDPD
JÌåWHO¡MR SHþLDLV LU QX¡MR ³ WURE
%DOWDUDJLV MDX YLVDL VXWHPXV SDVLHN¡ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ NUDãW 3DODXN¡ SDVLGDLU¡ LU SUDG¡MR
SDW\ORPLV ãÌNDXWL 3LQþXN %HW DWVLOLHS¡ WLNWDL DQW\V VX JDLJDODLV LU NLWDLV EDOÐ SDXNãþLDLV NXULH WHQ
YHLV¡VL 3DVNXL LU SDXNãþLDL DSWLOR 1\NX NLHN SDVLGDU¡ %HW %DOWDUDJLV QHQRU¡MR JU³åWL DWJDO QLHNR
QHSHã
V SDVLU\åR EÌWLQDL SULVLãDXNWL 3LQþXN LU VX MXR SDVLNDOE¡WL 7LNWDL WROLDX ³ SHONHV HLWL ELMRMR NDG
SDWDPV\MH NXU ³ DNLYDU QHQXJDUP¡WÐ WDL NDQWULDL ODXN¡ SDNUDãW\MH LU ODLNDV QXR ODLNR ãÌNDYR 3DJDOLDX
YLVDL SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V
² .XU WDYH JDODV QXQHã¡" ² VXS\N
V WDU¡ ² 6DXNL ãDXNL LU QHJDOL SULVLãDXNWL
² 2 NR WDX UHLNLD" ² VWDLJD Lã SHONLÐ DWVLOLHS¡ EDOVDV
² 1LHNR PDQ QHUHLNLD ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV SDåLQ
V Lã EDOVR 3LQþXN ² 7LN WDX NDåNR
WUÌNVWD ,ãO¡NHL WDGD QHåLQLD NR QHL DOJRV DWVL¡PHL QHL DWVLVYHLNLQDL 6HSW\QHULXV PHWXV URGRV
JUDåXPX SUDJ\YHQRPH JDO¡WXPH JUDåXPX LU DWVLVNLUWL
² .DG WX PDQH DSJDYDL ² SLNWDL DWãRY¡ 3LQþXNDV
² .XR JL WDYH DSJDYDX" ² G¡MRVL QHNDOWDV %DOWDUDJLV ² .DLS VXWDU¡PH WDLS LU GDU¡PH 2
Dã URGRV WDY
V QHVNULDXGåLDX 3ULSUDWDX NDLS VDY ODLNLDX 7X LU SDWV QLHNDGD QHVLVNXQGHL
² .DV Lã WR" ² YLV GDU QHDWVLOHLGR 3LQþXNDV ² 0DQ WLNWDL DNLV GÌPHL
² .DLSJL Dã WDX DNLV GÌPLDX" ² QHVXSUDWR %DOWDUDJLV
² 2 NDLSJL NLWDLS 0DQ NDåNRNL UDJDQ ³NLãDL R GXNWHU³ SDWV VDX SDVLOLNDL 'DEDU PDQ
V
GDXJLDX QHDSJDXVL Dã MDX YLVN åLQDX -HL QRUL NDG VXVLWDLN\WXPH DWLGXRN PDQ JHUD YDOLD GXNWHU³ LU
JDO¡VLPH WROLDX JUDåXPX J\YHQWL NDLS NDLP\QDL LU JLPLQ¡V
0DWDL NR XåVLJHLG¡ ² SDJDOYRMR SDWV VDX %DOWDUDJLV R JDUVLDL WDU¡
² 1H WR QHEXV 9LHQ JDYDL ² VXYHGåLRMDL DQWURV ² QHJDXVL
%HW LU 3LQþXNDV XåVLVS\U¡
² 1HGXRVL ² VDNR ² SDWV QHVLGåLDXJVL 7RO NHUãWDXVLX NRO WDX LU WDYR GXNWHULDL J\YHQLPDV
pasidarys nebemielas.
² $WVLUDGR PDWDL NHUãWLQLQNDV ² VX SDQLHND DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV ² $U PDWDL ãLW VLMRQ"
7XRMDX XåPDXVLX DQW JDOYRV LU DWLGXRVLX WDL UDJDQDL 7DGD EXV SR YLVR NHUãWDYLPR
² 1HELMDX Dã QHL WDY
V QHL WDYR VLMRQR ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² ,U WRV WDYR UDJDQRV GDXJLDX
QHELMDX QHV ML VDYR JDQGDLV LU SDVNDORPLV Lã YLHQR HLV VX PDQLPL SULHã WDYH LU PDQ SDG¡V R WDYH
SUDåXG\V
² 7DL ãLWRNLH MÌV QHQDXG¡OLDL ² SDVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV PDW\GDPDV NDG JUDåXPX QHVXVLNDOE¡V
² .DL OHLGDX WDL SHã¡W¡V R GDEDU SULHã PDQH DEXGX VXVLG¡VLWH 1D JHUDL 1¡UD NR ODXNWL G¡NLQJXPR Lã
YHOQLR LU GDYDWNRV 3DNOLÌVLWH PDQ GDU NDUW QHDSVLGåLDXJVLWH 7DLS VXULãLX XRGHJDV NDG YLV DPåLÐ
WDPS\VLW¡V LU SLDXVLW¡V YLVD NLWD XåPLUãGDPL SDVDXO\MH
%HW 3LQþXNDV Lã WRNLR %DOWDUDJLR JUDVLQLPR WLNWDL QXVLNYDWRMR
² 7DL N QHQRUL WDLN\WLV" ² YLVLãNDL VXS\NR %DOWDUDJLV
² 1HQRULX ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV
² 1HQRUL WDL QHUHLNLD 2 Dã PDQLDX ² NDLS VX åPRJXP SDVLNDOE¡VLP VXVLWDUVLP EHW YHOQLDV
² YLV YHOQLDV 7DL SUDåÌN VDYR SHON¡VH LU PDQ GDXJLDX ³ DNLV QHVLURG\N 7IX ² QXVLVSLRY¡ %DOWDUDJLV
LU QX¡MR
3LQþXNDV PDW\GDPDV VXS\NXV³ %DOWDUDJ³ QRU¡MR GDU M³ SDVLY\WL SDVLÌO\WL MHL QH WDLN WDL EHQW
DXNVR NDOQXV Xå GXNWHU³ WLN %DOWDUDJLV NDLS QXVLVSLRY¡ WDLS LU QX¡MR QHDWVLJU
åGDPDV NDG 3LQþXNDV LU
QRU¡GDPDV QHJDO¡MR MR SDVLY\WL 7DL SDEUXN
V XRGHJ VXJU³åR DWJDO ³ VDYR SHONHV JDOYRGDPDV DSLH
NHUãW LU WXR SDVLNOLDXGDPDV
2 %DOWDUDJLV JU³åGDPDV ³ VDYR PDOÌQ WDLS SDW JDOYRMR WLNWDL QH DSLH NHUãW EHW DSLH WDL NDLS
SDJDOLDX DWVLNUDW\WL 3LQþXNX NXULV SUDG¡MR GDXJLDX ³JULVWL QHJX 8UãXO¡ 1HEHQW Lã WLNUÐMÐ VXULãWL NDLS
NDW
VX ãXQLX Xå XRGHJÐ LU SDOHLVWL DEXGX WDGD SDW\V WDUS VDY
V SLDXWÐVL LU NLWXV UDP\E¡MH SDOLNWÐ %HW
NDLS WX MXRV VXULãL MHL YLHQDV VX XRGHJD R DQWUDV EH XRGHJRV" 1HEHQW WLNWDL GDYDWNRV OLHåXY³ SULH
velnio uodegos.
%HW QHVXþLXSGDPDV QHL YLHQR QHL DQWUR %DOWDUDJLV QLHNR QHJDO¡MR SDGDU\WL R DSLH PDOÌQ
YDNDUDLV SUDG¡MR ãLNãQRVSDUQLDL VNUDLG\WL LU QDNWLPLV SHO¡GRV ÌNWL NDG MDX QHåLQLD NR EXYR LU ODXNWL

XX

7DL QHOHQJYDV EXYR LU *LUGYDLQLXL NHOLDV SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ -XUJ QRUV LU VX REXROPXãLDLV
åLUJDLV 9LV VDYDLW
MLV ODXN¡ QHVXODXNGDPDV VXEDWYDNDULR R SDVNXL ² SDYDNDU¡V NDG JDO¡WÐ
YDåLXRWL VX VDYR SLUãOLX $QXSUX
3DJDOLDX DW¡MR WD ODLPLQJD YDODQGD ,ãYHG¡ Lã VWRQLRV QHQXVWRYLQþLXV YLHWRMH REXROPXãLXV LU
QRU¡MR NLQN\WL ã³ NDUW QH ³ P¡ãODYHå³ EHW ³ NDULHW JUDåLDL DSNDXVW\W LU QXGDå\W GDU W¡YÐ W¡YR
SDOLNW WLN $QXSUDV SHUWDU¡
² .DP UHLNLD" ² SDVDN¡ ² .DLS SDV YLVDV YDåLQ¡MRPH WDLS LU SDV ãLW QXYDåLXRVLPH 1H ³
NRN³ GYDU R ³ PDOÌQ YDåLXRMDPH
² %HW YLV G¡OWR G¡GH ² SDDEHMRMR *LUGYDLQLV ² JDO ã³ NDUW JHULDX EÌWÐ NDG VX NDULHWD
YDåLXRWXPH
² 1HVLUÌSLQN ² QXPRMR UDQND $QXSUDV ² 1HVYDUEX NXR YDåLXRVLPH NDG WLN
QXYDåLXRWXPH
² 2 NRG¡O QHQXYDåLXRWXPH" ² QXVWHER *LUGYDLQLV
² *LUG¡MDL N åPRQ¡V NDOED" ² DWVDN¡ VXVLUÌSLQ
V $QXSUDV
— Paskalos ir pasakos, — su panieka numojo Girdvainis.
² 3DPDW\VLPH ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV YLV ODELDX VXVLUÌSLQGDPDV WDUVL ³ WROLP LU SDYRMLQJ å\J³
išsirengdamas.
%HW SLUãOLR SHUWDUWDV *LUGYDLQLV YLV G¡OWR SDNLQN¡ REXROPXãLXV ³ W SDW³ P¡ãODYHå³ VX NXULXR
SDV NLWDV PHUJLQDV YDåLQ¡MR 7LNWDL ã³ NDUW MDXQLNLV QHWXU¡MR WRV GUVRV LU U\åWLQJXPR NDLS DQDLV
NDUWDLV R LU SLUãO\V EXYR QH WLN VXVLUÌSLQ
V EHW LU NDåNRNV SDVODSWLQJDV
3ULHã LãYDåLXRGDPDV 9LVJLUGD DS¡MR YHåLP LU DUNOLXV NDåN SR QRVLPL PXUP¡GDPDV O\J
EXUWXV GDU\GDPDV R SDVNXL SHUVLåHJQRMR LU MDXQLN³ SHUåHJQRMR
² 6¡VN ² WDU¡ SDJDOLDX ² 6X SRQR GLHYR SDJDOED JDO LU QXYDåLXRVLPH
.HLVWDV SDVLURG¡ *LUGYDLQLXL $QXSUR SQHWDULQJXPDV EHW ² VXSDLV\VL VHQ åPRJÐ" 2
*LUGYDLQLXL LU WDLS QHNDQWUX EXYR WDL ãRNR ³ YHåLP ãYLOSWHO¡MR LU LãGXQG¡MR
3DNLOR REXROPXãLDL NDLS YLHVXODL LU WDLS O¡N¡ NDLS GDU QLHNDGD ² NDOQDV DU NORQLV ² YRV
NRMRP åHP
VLHNGDPL $QXSUDV WUDPG¡ *LUGYDLQ³ NDG QHSHUYDU\WÐ DUNOLÐ QHV NHOLDV WROLPDV ²
VHSW\QLRV P\OLRV SULUHLNV GDU HLNOXPR EHW *LUGYDLQLV WLNWDL SDWUDXN¡ SHþLDLV QHJLUG¡WDV GDLNWDV NDG
MR REXROPXãLDPV SULWUÌNWÐ HLNOXPR ² LU OHLGR MXRV YLVX VPDUNXPX 1HSDVLMXWR NDLS SUDO¡N¡ WROLP
NHOL LU DWVLGÌU¡ 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH 7DUS NDOQÐ W\YXOLDYR HåHUDL HåHULXNDL NHOLDV LãVLVXNLQ¡MR SUR HåHUÐ
DONÌQHV ¡MR WLOWHOLDLV SHU VVPDXNDV XSHOLXV NLOR ³ NDOQXV OHLGRVL ³ SDNDOQ
LU SDLQLRMRVL EHJDOLQLXRVH
YLQJLXRVH 7XRVH NHOLR YLQJLXRVH DUNOLDL VWDLJD SUDG¡MR SUXQNãWL DXVLPLV NDUS\WL DNLPLV åDLEXRWL LU
WDLS O¡NWL NDG QHW *LUGYDLQLV SUDG¡MR VWDEG\WL VDYR REXROPXãLXV
² 1LHNR ² WDGD SHUWDU¡ M³ $QXSUDV ² 'DEDU WHJX OHNLD NLHN WLN JDOL
*LUGYDLQLV SDåLÌU¡MR QXVWHE
V ³ $QXSU LU QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ 7LNWDL NHLVWD MDP SDVLURG¡ NDG
$QXSUDV QHVWDEGR DUNOLÐ QRUV NLWDLV NDUWDLV LU VPDUNLRV ULVþLRV YHQJGDYR
2 DUNOLDL YLV VPDUNLDX ãXROLDLV ¡MR $WURG¡ ã³ NDUW QHYDåLXRV EHW O¡NWH QXO¡NV MHLJX WLN
YHåLPR QHVXGDXå\V LU YDGHO¡V DWODLN\V ,U *LUGYDLQLXL QRUV LU QRU¡MR NXR JUHLþLDX QXYDåLXRWL SDV
%DOWDUDJ³ SDVLURG¡ ³WDUWLQDV WDV DUNOLÐ QHSDSUDVWDV HLNOXPDV LU $QXSUR ULPWDV VXVLNDXSLPDV LU
NDåNRNLH SDVODSWLQJL åHQNODL NXULXRV MLH DSOLQNXL GDU¡
1HJL Lã WLNUR EÌWÐ NHOLDV XåNHU¡WDV" ² SDWV VDX SDJDOYRMR *LUGYDLQLV LU GDU VPDUNLDX
SDOHLGR DUNOLXV NLHN WLN MLH ³NDELQD NDG QHW NYDS Xå¡P¡ QXR VPDUNDXV YDåLDYLPR
2 þLD GDU SUDYDåLXRMDQW SUR 3DXGUXY¡V NDOY
 LããRNR Lã JULRYLR NDåNRNV SDNYDLã¡OLV LU PHW¡VL
SULH DUNOLÐ O\J QRU¡GDPDV MXRV VXODLN\WL DU SDWV JDO JDXWL EHW ³VLVPDUNDY
REXROPXãLDL M³ QXEORãN¡
NDLS ãDS ³ OLÌQ LU WROLDX QXO¡N¡
7DLS OHNLDQW DUNOLDPV VWDLJD SDVLJLUGR NDåNRNV F\SLPDV XQNãWLPDV þLD YLHQRMH UDWÐ SXV¡MH
þLD NLWRMH DUED DWVLOLNGDYR YHåLPR XåSDNDO\MH $SVLGDLU¡ *LUGYDLQLV ² QLHNR QHPDW\WL WLNWDL $QXSUDV
YLV NDåNRNLXV åHQNOXV GDUR 2 NDL SDVXNR SUR $NORMR HåHUR DONÌQ
 WDV F\SLPDV QX]YLPE¡ WLHVLDL SHU
OLÌQ HåHUR VVPDXNRV OLQN NXU EXYR WLOWHOLV
 ²VLO¡N
DUNOLDL QHVS¡MR SULHãDNLQ¡PLV NRMRPLV WLOWHOLR DWVLVSLUWL WLOWHOLV ² WULRNãW LU JULXYR EHW
³VLVPDUNDY
DUNOLDL SHUãRNR SHU JULÌYDQW³ WLOWHO³ SHUQHãGDPL RUX LU YHåLP
7DGD GDU ODELDX NDåNDV SR UDWDLV VXXQNãW¡ LU VXF\S¡ WDUVL EÌWÐ NDV VXYDåLQ¡WDV DUNOLDL GDU
ODELDX SDGÌNR LU WDLS O¡N¡ NDG *LUGYDLQLV QHVS¡MR Q¡ DWVLJU
åWL SDåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR
1HDWVLJU
å¡ Q¡ $QXSUDV WLNWDL DWJDOLD UDQND NDåNRN³ åHQNO SDGDU¡ LU *LUGYDLQLXL SDVDN¡
² 1HVLGDLU\N DWJDO 'DU WLNWDL YLHQ WLOWHO³ SUDYDåLDYRPH R MÐ VHSW\QL /¡N WLHVLDL QLHNR
QHåLÌU¡GDPDV
*LUGYDLQLV QHW LU QRU¡GDPDV EÌWÐ NLWDLS QHJDO¡M
V QHV DUNOLDL WDLS ³ã¡OR NDG EXYR
QHVXODLNRPL %HPDWDQW SULYDåLDYR DQWU WLOWHO³ ² WDV SDWV DWVLWLNR 7LNWDL ã³ NDUW DUNOLDL VS¡MR DQW WLOWR
NRMRPLV DWVLVWRWL 7UHþL WLOW OLJL SXV¡V ³YDåLDYR NDL MLV JULXYR .HWYLUWR QHW QHSDVWHE¡MR NDLS SUDO¡N¡
3HQNWDV VXE\U¡MR NDL EDLJ¡ SHU M³ YDåLXRWL âHãWDV ² QXGDUG¡MR NDL EXYR SUDYDåLDY
 R VHSWLQW LU
SDW\V QHåLQR DU M³ SUDYDåLDYR DU MLV NXU GLQJR
-DX EXYR PDW\WL DQW NDOQR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV NDL VWDLJD Lã 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ SDNLOR
QHSHUPDWRPDV UÌNDV LU YLVN XåOLHMR ² NHOLXV HåHUXV NDOQXV ² QRUV GXUN ³ DN³ QLHNR QHPDW\WL 9LVD
ODLP¡ NDG *LUGYDLQLV VS¡MR SDVWHE¡WL %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR NU\SW³ LU SDOHLGR DUNOLXV WLHVLDL ³ W SXV

$UNOLDL QHW ãQLRNãGDPL O¡N¡ QHVXSUDVL DU ³ NDOQ DU ³ SDNDOQ
 7DLS YLVLãNDL WDPVX LU DNOD
EXYR 2 SDVNXL UDWXV MDX QH F\S¡ EHW WLHVLRJ NDåNDV NULRNWH NULRN¡ Y\GDPDVLV LU QHDWJDXGDPDV
NYDSR ,U MXR VPDUNLDX O¡N¡ DUNOLDL MXR GDXJLDX DWVLOLNR WDV XåGXV
V NULRNLPDV
3DJDOLDX DUNOLDL SDW\V VXVWRMR LU WDLS VXåYHQJ¡ NDG UÌNDV VWDLJD LãVLVNODLG¡ LU *LUGYDLQLV
SDPDW¡ NDG DWYDåLDYR ³ %DOWDUDJLR NLHP WLNWDL QH NHOLX EHW QXR HåHUR SXV¡V VWDþLDXVLX VNDUGåLX NXU
QHW S¡VþLDP XåOLSWL EXYR VXQNX %HW WR QHL *LUGYDLQLV QHL $QXSUDV QHSDVWHE¡MR WLNWDL %DOWDUDJLV QXR
PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR SDPDW¡ LU WRG¡O QHVLU\åR SULHLWL SULH DWYDåLDYXVLÐMÐ QHV EXYR QHDLãNX NDV MLH WRNLH
MHL XåO¡N¡ SULHã WRN³ NDOQR VWDWXP
2 *LUGYDLQLV VX $QXSUX DWYDåLDY
³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR NLHP GDLU¡VL DSOLQNXL LU VWHE¡MRVL
YDåLDYR SUR QHSHUPDWRP UÌN R þLD JLHGULDXVLDV YDNDUDV VNDLGUXV NDLS HåHUR YDQGXR âYLHVLRMH
SULHEODQGRMH VWRYL VXJODXG
V VSDUQXV PDOÌQDV O\J XåVQÌG
V R YLUãXP MR VSLQGL YDNDULQ¡ åYDLJåG¡
7LNWDL DSDþLRMH JDUXRMD 8GUXY¡V HåHUDV LU UÌNDV VNOHLGåLDVL SLHYRVH LU SHON¡VH
7DLS EXYR W\OX WDU\WXP Q¡ J\YRV GYDVLRV DSOLQNXL QHEÌWÐ LU VXVWRM
*LUGYDLQLV VX $QXSUX
åLÌU¡MR YLHQDV ³ NLW JLUG¡GDPL WLNWDL VDYR NY¡SDYLP LU QXYDU\WÐ DUNOLÐ ãQLRNãWLP
² 0DWDL LU DWYDåLDYRPH VX GLHYR SDJDOED ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ $QXSUDV LU ¡P¡ GDLU\WLV DU
nepamatys ko pagaliau.
,ãJLUG
V GLHY PLQLQW SDNLOR QXR PDOÌQR VOHQNVþLR %DOWDUDJLV LU SUL¡MR SULH DWYDåLDYXVLÐMÐ
² /DEDV YDNDUDV ² SDVDN¡ ² $U Lã WROL NHOLDXMDWH"
² 7DLS Lã WROL NDG Lã þLD LU QXR NDOQR QHSDPDW\VL ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV ² %HW YDåLDYRPH
YDåLDYRPH LU SDNO\GRPH 7LNWDL MÌVÐ PDOÌQDV LãJHOE¡MR $U SULLPVLWH SDNHOHLYLXV NLHN SDLOV¡WL LU
DWVLNY¡SWL"
² /DEDL SUDãRPH ² QXVLOHQN¡ %DOWDUDJLV LU MR EDOWL SODXNDL SULHEODQGRMH QXãYLWR
*LUGYDLQLV SDVLVYHLNLQ
V VX %DOWDUDJLX YLV GDU åYDOJ¡VL DSOLQNXL DU QHSDPDW\V WRV G¡O NXULRV
DWYDåLDYR 1XNO\GR DN\V ³ VHNO\þLRV ODQJXV EHW WHQ PLUJXOLDYR WLNWDL SDVNXWLQ¡V VDXO¡OHLGåLR
DWãYDLVW¡V
² 6WDW\NLWH DUNOLXV LU HLVLPH ³ YLGÐ ² JLUGL O\J SHU VDSQ *LUGYDLQLV %DOWDUDJLR EDOV R DNLÐ
QHJDOL QXR VHNO\þLRV ODQJÐ DWLWUDXNWL NXU SDJDOLDX VXPLUJ¡MR NDLS YDNDULQ¡ åYDLJåG¡ åLEXU¡OLV
.UÌSWHO¡M
V *LUGYDLQLV JUHLWDL QXPHW¡ DQW YHåLPR LãYHUVWXV NDLOLQLXV SDVWDW¡ DUNOLXV SULH
PDOÌQR LU YLVL QX¡MR ³ VHNO\þL 7HQ MXRV VXWLNR -XUJD VX ãOXRWD UDQNRMH O\J LãYDU\WL NHWLQGDPD
² $U ODXNHL PHUJHOH VYHþLÐ" ² XåNDOELQR M 9LVJLUGD
² .RNLÐ" ² QXVLMXRN¡ -XUJD
² 7Ð SDþLÐ ² DWVDN¡ 9LVJLUGD SDãQDLUXRGDPDV ³ ãOXRW
² 2 Dã PDQLDX ² WDU¡ VXPLãXVL -XUJD VO¡SGDPD ãOXRW ² NDG VXNVLWH VHSW\QLDV P\OLDV
DSOLQNXL LU WROLDX QXYDåLXRVLWH $U WLN QHVXNO\GRWH"
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV åLÌU¡GDPDV -XUJDL WLHVLDL ³ DNLV ² $QNVþLDX VXNDX ãLPW P\OLÐ
DSOLQNXL R GDEDU WLHVLDL DWO¡NLDX LU YLVXV WLOWXV SDNHOLXL QXJULRYLDX
² 7DL N GDEDU GDU\VL" ² QXVLMXRN¡ -XUJD ² .DLS DWJDO VXJU³ãL"
— Naujus pastatysiu, — atsikirto Girdvainis nenusileisdamas.
² 3DPDW\VLP² DEHMRMR -XUJD² 2 NXU VDYR LãYHUVWXV NDLOLQLXV SDG¡MDL"
² .XU SDG¡MDX WHQ DWUDVLX ² VXPLãR *LUGYDLQLV
² 2 JDO SUDJ¡UHL" ² SDãLHS¡ -XUJD ² ,U REXROPXãLXV SULG¡VL"
² 1H ² DWVLNLUWR *LUGYDLQLV DWJDXGDPDV LãGLGXP ² SLUPD JDOY SUDUDVLX QHJX
REXROPXãLÐ QHWHNVLX
² 2 JDO REXROPXãLÐ QHWHNVL LU JDOY SUDUDVL" ² QHDWVWRMR -XUJD EHW DN\VH SDãDLSRV åLEXU¡OLDL
YLV ODELDX Q\NR LU ãOXRWD SDWL QHMXþLRPLV QXVLULWR ³ SDVXRO

%HVLNHUWDQW -XUJDL VX *LUGYDLQLX %DOWDUDJLV SDNYLHW¡ VYHþLXV Xå VWDOR
² $þLÌ ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV LU LãVLWUDXN¡ Lã NLãHQ¡V EXWHO³ UÌWD XåNLãW LU VNDUHO
 3DWLHV¡
VNDUHO
DQW VWDOR LU EXWHO³ SDG¡MR ² *DO WDXUHO¡ DWVLUDVWÐ" ² SDSUDã¡ ² 6XãLOWL EÌWÐ SUDYDUWX SR
NHOLRQ¡V
² *DO LU DWVLUDV ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV ² 3DLHãNRN -XUJHOH ² NUHLS¡VL ³ GXNWHU³
-XUJD XåGHQJ¡ VWDO VWDOWLHVH SDG¡MR WDXUHO
LU GXRQRV VX GUXVND
² 3UDãRP ² SDVDN¡ LU SDWL QXVLJU³åR
² 3DODXN PHUJHOH ² QHSDOHLGR $QXSUDV ² R NDV PXPV UÌWHO
DWNLã"
² 3DW\V XåVLNLãRWH SDW\V DWVLNLãNLWH ² DWVDN¡ -XUJD åYLOJWHOGDPD ³ W¡Y O\J QHVLU\åGDPD
7¡YDV SULWDUGDPDV OLÌGQDL QXVLã\SVRMR 3UR ODQJ ãP¡NãWHO¡MR O\J ãLNãQRVSDUQLV O\J -XUJXWLV
åYLOJWHO¡MR VDYR EHYLOWLãNRPLV DNLPLV -XUJD NUÌSWHO¡MR LU SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ *LUGYDLQ³ ²VXVLWLNR DNLPLV LU
SDQDULQR JDOY R UDQND SDWL DWNLãR EXWHO³ VX UÌWD $SVLGåLDXJ
V *LUGYDLQLV SD¡P¡ UÌW LU XåNLãR -XUJDL
Xå NDVÐ
² 1D WDL LU JHUDL ² WDU¡ $QXSUDV åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ MDXQXRVLXV ² 6X W¡YHOLX LãJHUVLP NDG
JUDåL GXNUHO
XåDXJLQR R SDVNXL JDO LU MXGX EXUQHO
LãPHVLW LU ãLUGLPLV VXVLSUDVLW
² .DåLQ" ² VXDEHMRMR -XUJD LU QXUDXGR NDLS DJXRQD åYLOJWHO¡MXVL ³ *LUGYDLQ³ ² .DLS
W¡YHOLV SDVDN\V WDLS LU EXV
² 2 N W¡YHOLV JDOL SDVDN\WL QHJL VDYR YDLNXL ODLP¡V SDY\G¡V *ODXGåLDV ãLUGLV SULH ãLUGLHV
NDLS åLHGDV SULH åLHGR ² ODQNVW¡ $QXSUDV OLHåXY³ NDG QHW *LUGYDLQLV VWHE¡MRVL Lã NXU MR WRNV
LãNDOELQJXPDV ² 2 PXPV UHLNLD ãHLPLQLQN¡V QDPLQLQN¡V XJQLHV NÌU¡MRV LU SORQÐ GURELÐ DXG¡MRV
9LVXU WRNLRV LHãNRMRPH LU WLN þLD VXUDGRPH 7DL ³ VYHLNDW VYRWDL
,ãJ¡U¡ 9LVJLUGD VX %DOWDUDJLX LãJ¡U¡ LU *LUGYDLQLV VX -XUJD LU YLVL VXV¡GR Xå VWDOR 'DU SLUãOLR
ERQND QHVLEDLJ¡ DWVLUDGR DODXV VRWLV LU XåNDQGåLDL 3UDVLG¡MR NDOED DODXV SXWRV SDUDJLQDPD
$QXSUDV DSVDNLQ¡MR %DOWDUDJLXL VXQNL NHOLRQ
³ MR PDOÌQ %DOWDUDJLV NODXV¡VL LU ã\SVRMRVL
O\J QHWLN¡GDPDV R MDXQLHML Lã YLVR QHJLUG¡MR N VHQLDL NDOED QHV MLH WDUS VDY
V DNLPLV NDOE¡MR 2 WD
NDOED GDXJ N MLHPV VDN¡ QHV MLH SDVLMXWR NDG VXUDGR YLHQDV DQWU LU HLV GUDXJH SHU YLV J\YHQLP
7DL LU XåWUXNR VXEDWYDNDULV OLJL WUHþLÐMÐ JDLGåLÐ QHV NDOERV EXYR DSVWX LU DODXV QHVWLJR
.DPDURMH DODXV VWDWLQ¡ YLV VDYDLW
WÌWDYXVL QHVLOLRY¡ SXWRWL

XXI

7XR PHWX *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV DWVNLURMH NDPDURMH MDX WUHþLD SDUD QXR åPRQLÐ DNLÐ
SDVLVO¡S
V V¡G¡MR XåVLGDU
V YLHQDV VX EXWHOLX GHJWLQ¡V VHQDV DUNOLDYDJLV 5DXS\V VX GLGHOH UXGD EDU]GD
LU YLHQD NRMD WUXPSHVQH Xå NLW
1H NDUWÌNLQLQNDL EXYR VXJDY
5DXS³ DUNOLXV EHYDJLDQW LU DWVLO\JLQGDPL VXWUXPSLQ
NDUWDLV
YLHQ NRM NDUWDLV NLW WLNWDL QLHNDGD DELHMÐ O\JLDL 7DL DUNOLDYDJLXL LU WHNR EÌWL þLD YLHQD þLD NLWD NRMD
UDLãDP MRJ NDUWDLV QH WLNWDL NLWL EHW LU MLV SDWV QHåLQRMR NXULD NRMD UDLãDV %HW WDL Q¡ NLHN QHNHQN¡
DUNOLDYDJLXL 3ULHãLQJDL GDU SDG¡MR QHV åPRQ¡V Lã NDUWR MR SDåLQWL QHJDO¡MR QHåLQRGDPL NXULD NRMD MLV
raišas.
%HW QH G¡O WR JUDXå¡VL 5DXS\V QRUV YDJ\VW¡V LU QHPDåD MDP VYHLNDWRV DWVL¡MR -LV J¡U¡ GHJWLQ

LU NULPWR VDYR UXG EDU]G NDG OLJ ãLRO QH³VWHQJ¡ SDYRJWL *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLÐ LU VX MDLV LãYDåLXRWL ³
3UÌVXV . GDU¡ NDLS VWHQJ¡VL QLHNR QHJDO¡MR SDGDU\WL LU WLN YHOWXL NDQNLQRVL 'LHQ QDNW³ WLH DUNOLDL
MDP Lã JDOYRV QHLã¡MR ODNVW¡ MR PLQW\VH åYHQJ¡ MR DXV\VH GLHQ LU QDNW³ SULVLVDSQXRGDYR
7LH DUNOLDL LU GDEDU MDP QHGDY¡ UDP\E¡V 7RG¡O NHLN¡ LU NULPWR VDYH NDG MLV SDVHQ
V NDLS
NHOPDV LU SDVLGDU
V QLHNDP QHWLN
V DUNOLDYDJLV 2 DU PDåD DUNOLÐ MLV SDYRJ
V LU GDU NRNLÐ %HW YHOWXL
SDVLJXRVWL QRU¡MR 5DXS\V NDG *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLDL HV WLNWDL NDWLQDL SULHã WXRV NXULXRV MLV LãMRMR ³
3UÌVXV
âLUGR 5DXS\V LU QLHNLQR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV QHV MÐ QH³VWHQJ¡ SDYRJWL 1HW SULHLWL SULH MÐ
QHJDOLPD EXYR QHV *LUGYDLQLV MXRV VDXJRMR NDLS VDYR DN³ 6X REXROPXãLDLV NHOGDYR VX REXROPXãLDLV
JXOGDYR LU QLHNDGD MÐ Lã DNLÐ QHLãOHLVGDYR 7DL NDLS Lã WRNLR DUNOLXV SDYRJVL QHEHQW WLNWDL VX YHOQLR
pagalba?
.DL WLN Xå¡MR 5DXSLXL YHOQLDV JDOYRQ SUDVLY¡U¡ NDUþHPRV SHUVLNUHLSXVLRV GXU\V VXJLUJåG¡MR
VXUÌGLM
VXNDYLHODL LU ³¡MR NXU EXY
V QHEXY
V SDWV 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV 7LNWDL ã³ NDUW
QH NDLS SRQDLWLV VX OD]GHOH UDQNRMH åDOLD VNU\E¡ODLWH DQW JDOYRV LU SRYR SOXQNVQD Xå VNU\E¡O¡V NRNV MLV
SDSUDVWDL SDVLURG\GDYR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRMH â³ NDUW 3LQþXNDV DW¡MR WHPVWDQW ³ NDUþHP QH WLNWDL EH
OD]GHO¡V LU EH VNU\E¡ODLW¡V EHW WRNV VXQLXUN\WDV LU VXPXUG\WDV VXGUDVN\WDV LU VXPLQGåLRWDV NDG EDLVX
EXYR SDåLÌU¡WL LU WRNV MDX QHODLPLQJDV NDG QHW SDåLQWL MR QHEXYR JDOLPD
6HQDV 3LQþXNR ELþLXOLV NDUþHPLQLQNDV âHãHOJD QXVXV
V EDMRUSDODLNLV NXULDP Lã YLVÐ GYDUÐ
NXULXRV MR W¡YÐ W¡YDL WXU¡MR LU SUDÌå¡ OLNR WLNWDL YLHQD SDNHO¡V NDUþHPD NXUL MLV SDWV EDLJ¡ SUDJHUWL LU
WDV EDMRULãNDV XQDUDV NXULV NDUþHPLQLQNXL WLNR NDLS ãXQLXL SHQNWD NRMD GDEDU QHW LU WDV QXVXV¡OLV Lã
NDUWR QHSDåLQR 3LQþXNR LU SDODLN¡ M³ QHY\N¡OLX EHUQX NXU³ JDVSDGRULXV JHUDL DSNÌO¡ VXJDY
V OHQGDQW
SUR ODQJ ³ NDPDU SDV PHUJDV
2 3LQþXNDV SUDY¡U
V NDUþHPRV GXULV EDLOLDL åYLOJWHO¡MR O\J ELMRGDPDV ³HLWL LU NDåNR
LHãNRGDPDV 3DVNXL NUÌSWHO¡M
V DWVLJU
å¡ YLV WLH *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLDL YDLGHQRVL DU NDV QHVLYHMD LU WLN
JHUDL ³VLNODXV
V YLV WRV *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLÐ NDQRSRV DXV\VH WHEHNDXNã¡MR NLHN DSVLUDPLQR LU ³¡MR ³
NDUþHP
² /DEDV YDNDUDV ² SDVDN¡ QHGUVLDL LU åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ âHãHOJ O\J SDVLJDLO¡MLPR LHãNRGDPDV
âHãHOJD QHW QHSDåLÌU¡MR NDLS UHLNLDQW ³ 3LQþXN WLNWDL YLHQD DNLP G¡EWHO¡MR LU QXVLVXNR 7RNV
MDX EXYR MLV DSGUDVN\WDV LU LãNRQHYHLNWDV NDG QHW NRNWX $QW YHLGR ² YLHQRV P¡O\Q¡V LU JX]DL R
NDLULDMDPH åDQGH WDLS LU VWRY¡MR ³VSDXVWD DUNOLR NDQRSD ,ã GUDEXåLÐ WLNWDL YLHQL VNXGXUDL OLN
 ãYDUNHOLV
² VXPLQWDV SXUYLQDV NHOQ¡V ² VXGUDVN\WRV YLHQD NRMD ³ NOXPS
³VLVWRM
V NLWD ² YLVDL EDVD DUNOLR
NDQRSD WDLS LU N\ãRMR QLHNX QHSULGHQJWD 0DW\W WRNLD QHODLP¡ LU QHãORY¡ SLUP NDUW 3LQþXN EXYR
LãWLNXVL NDG MLV QHW QXRYRNRV QHWHNR NDLS åPRQ¡VH WXU¡WÐ SDVLURG\WL
7DL DUJL QXRVWDEX NDG âHãHOJD WDV LãGLGXVLV ãXQEDMRULV 3LQþXNR QHSDåLQR QHDWVDN¡ ³ MR
SDVYHLNLQLP WLNWDL QXVLJU
å¡ ³ ãDO³ NDLS QHSDJHLGDXMDPR VYHþLR VXODXN
V LU EXUEWHO¡MR
nepatenkintas:
² (LWXP Lã NXU DW¡M
V WXRMDX NDUþHP XåGDU\VLX
² $ã QHLOJDP âHãHOJD ² JDLOLDL VXP\N¡ 3LQþXNDV ² VYDUEÐ UHLNDO WXULX
7DL LãJLUG
V NDUþHPLQLQNDV YLVDL SDVLSÌW¡ LU VXS\NR .DåNRNV EHUQDSDODLNLV LU WLHVLDL âHãHOJD
M³ YDGLQV 1HVXODXNWD JDOYD GDU N SUDVLPDQ\V
² .DP âHãHOJD R NDP SDQ âHãHOJHYLþ ² SDVLSLNWLQ
V DWVDN¡ NDUþHPLQLQNDV ² 6X WDYLP
SDUãH NLDXOLÐ QHJDQLDX 7XU¡WXP åLQRWL NDLS VX EDMRUX NDOE¡WL
3LQþXNDV YLVDL QXVLPLQ¡ 1HJL QHODLP¡MH YLVL SULHWHOLDL EÌWÐ QXR MR QXVLJU³å
"
² $UJL QHSDå³VWL PDQ
V SDQ âHãHOJHYLþ ² VX JDLOLX SULHNDLãWX SDVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² 7DL Dã
3LQþXNDV
² 3DQ 3LQþXN" ² QXVWHER âHãHOJD ² 1HJDOL EÌWL
1HWLN¡GDPDV NDG WDV SDWV EÌWÐ SUL¡MR DUþLDX SULH 3LQþXNR R NDL SDåLQR QHW DNLV LãSÌW¡
² ,ã NXU WRNV DWVLUDGDL" 1HJL WDYR EUROLDL SUDJDUH EÌWÐ WDLS VXPXUG
 NDG SULVWRMDL SDV PXåLN
%DOWDUDJ³ Xå EHUQ" 2 JDO %DOWDUDJLV WDYH WDLS LãQLHNLQR" 6DNLDX SDQH QHVXVLG¡N VX WXR
PXåLNSDODLNLX 1HEDMRULãNDV UHLNDODV SDV FKDP WDUQDXWL
² 1H âHãHOJD QH %DOWDUDJLV WDLS PDQH LãQLHNLQR ² DWVLGXVR 3LQþXNDV ² 7LNWDL MLV DSJDYR
mane.
² $SJDYR" ² LãYHUW¡ DNLV QXVWHE
V âHãHOJD ² 7DLS Dã LU PDQLDX .R NLWR JDOL ODXNWL Lã WÐ
FKDPÐ"
² 7DLS MDX Lã¡MR âHãHOJD ² DWVLGXVR 3LQþXNDV ² . GDEDU GDU\VL 8å WDL Dã MDP VX NDXSX
atsilyginsiu.
² $WVLO\JLQN SDQ 3LQþXN DWVLO\JLQN ² SULWDU¡ âHãHOJD ² 1XVLOHLVL FKDPDPV WDL PXPV
bajorams, visai gyvenimo nebus.
3LQþXNXL EDMRUÐ UHLNDODL PDåDL UÌS¡MR QHW SUDJDUH MXRV PHQNDL YHUWLQR Xå YLHQ JUDã³ JDOLPD
EXYR QXSLUNWL GHãLPW EDMRULãNÐ GÌãLÐ WDL DSVLGDLU¡ SR WXãþL NDUþHP LU SDNODXV¡
² $U QHåLQDL NXU GDEDU EÌWÐ 5DXS\V"
² .DLS QHåLQRVLX" ² XåULHW¡ QRV³ âHãHOJD Lã WR PDQGUXPR NDG YHOQLDV QHåLQR R MLV åLQR ²
1DJL SDV PDQH NDPDURMH WUHþLD SDUD JHULD ,ãQHãWXP WX M³ JUHLþLDX ³ SUDJDU QXR PDQR ELHGQRV JDOYRV
9LV NDUþHP SDVPDUGLQR WDV FKDPDV
² *HUDL ² VXWLNR 3LQþXNDV ² /HLVN WX PDQ VX MXR WUXSXW³ SDNDOE¡WL
² /DEDL SUDãDX SDQ 3LQþXN ² QXVLOHQN¡ âHãHOJD LU SUDY¡U¡ NDPDURV GXULV
%HW QHVS¡MR GDU OLJL JDOR DWLGDU\WL NDPDURV GXUÐ NDL Lã WHQ SDVLJLUGR QLDXUXV XU]JLPDV LU WXãþLD
ERQND NDXNGDPD LãO¡N¡ SUR GXULV YRV QHXåJDYXVL 3LQþXNXL SHU JDOY WDV VS¡MR OLQNWHO¡WL LU VXGXåR ³
VLHQ
² 6DNLDX WDX YHOQLR EDMRUSDODLNL QLHNR QHOHLVN ³ NDPDU ² SDVLJLUGR 5DXSLR DWãLDXUXV
EDOVDV ² .LHN NDUWÐ WXULX Dã WDX VDN\WL ãXQVQXNL" $ã UÌSHVþLÐ WXULX PDQ UHLNLD YLHQDP SDJDOYRWL
 ² 5DXS\ QHNYDLOLRN ² ULPWDL VXS\NR âHãHOJD NDG 3LQþXNR DNLYDL]GRMH DUNOLDYDJLV WDLS M³
QLHNLQD ² ýLD SDQ 3LQþXN SDV WDYH VX UHLNDOX
² .RNV WHQ ãXQV SDQ LU VX NRNLX UHLNDOX" 1LHNR QHQRULX åLQRWL QHL JLUG¡WL ² SDVS\U¡ 5DXS\V
NRMD Lã YLGDXV GXULV LU XåWUHQN¡ R SDVNXL ãÌNWHO¡MR ² $WQHãN PDQ GDU YLHQ ERQN
² *DXVL QHVLWUDQN\N ² QXVLOHLGR âHãHOJD LU DWVLJU
å¡ ³ 3LQþXN ² 1LHNR QHEXV âLDQGLHQ
VX MXR QHVXVLNDOE¡VL *LUWDV NDLS PDLãDV 7LNUDV FKDPDV
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² .DLS WLN ãLDQGLHQ PDQ UHLNLD VX MXR VXVLWDUWL JUDåXPX DU
SLNWXPX -HLJX SUR GXULV QH³VLOHLGåLD WDL Dã SUR UDNWR VN\OXW

.DLS SDVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV WDLS LU SDGDU¡ 1HVS¡MR âHãHOJD SDPDW\WL R YHOQLDV WLN SDVLSXUW¡ LU
³OLQGR SUR UDNWR VN\OXW
 SDOLN
V Xå GXUÐ NOXPS
LU VNDUPDOXV
² .RNV þLD WRNV VNXEXV UHLNDODV" ² SDUÌSR âHãHOJDL LU VPDOVXPDV M³ VXJXQG¡ 3ULNLãR DXV³
SULH GXUÐ LU NODXV¡VL N YHOQLDV VX DUNOLDYDJLX WDULDVL
%HW QHSDVLVHN¡ QXJLUVWL 7XR ODLNX ³ NDUþHP DW¡MR YLVDV SXUYLQDV NDOYLR SDUDQNLQLV -XUJXWLV LU
ãQLUSãWHO¡M
V DWNLãR SDVLOHQNXVLDP SULH GXUÐ âHãHOJDL GYL SRUDV QDXMÐ SDVDJÐ
² .R WDX UHLNLD" ² DWãRNR QXR GXUÐ VXS\N
V âHãHOJD
² 9LVN SDP\Q¡ SR NRMRPLV REXROPXãLDL ² GDU NDUW ãQLXUNãWHO¡M
V O\J YHUNGDPDV WDU¡
-XUJXWLV ² âH SDVDJDV 'XRN GHJWLQ¡V
² 3DYRJHL" ² XåVLSXRO¡ âHãHOJD QHSDVLWLN¡GDPDV
— Savo, o ne tavo, — atsikirto Jurgutis.
%HW JLQþ\WLV LU GHU¡WLV âHãHOJDL QHEXYR NDGD WDG SD¡P
V YRJWDV QHYRJWDV SDVDJDV GDY¡
SXVNYRUW³ GHJWLQ¡V LU LãVWÌP¡ -XUJXW³ ³ SULHPHQ
 R SDWV LU Y¡O SXRO¡ SULH NDPDURV GXUÐ VN\OXW¡V NXU
Y\NR YHOQLR LU DUNOLDYDJLR NDåNRNLRV GHU\ERV

XXII

2 NDPDURMH NDL SDVLURG¡ 3LQþXNDV YLVD VDYR YHOQLãND QXRJ\EH 5DXS\V QH WLN SUDVLEODLY¡ EHW
LU SODXNDL SDVLãLDXã¡ DQW MR JLUWRV JDOYRV ,ã WRV EDLP¡V WLNWDL åLRSW LU åRGåLR QHJDOL LãWDUWL 3DJDOLDX
DWVLSHLN¡MR LU WDU¡
² $U WLN QH PDQR GÌãLRV DW¡MDL" ² LãVSURJLQR DNLV QXVLJDQG
V
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ UDPLDL 3LQþXNDV ² 7XULX NLW UHLNDO -HL SDG¡VL JDO¡VL WXU¡WL VDYR GÌãL
man jos visai nereikia.
7DGD QXVLUDPLQR 5DXS\V SDWV DWVLV¡GR LU 3LQþXN SDSUDã¡ V¡VWL
² 1HWXULX ODLNR ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² /DEDL VNXEXV UHLNDODV
5DXSLXL GDU ODELDX SDUÌSR NRNV þLD VNXEXV UHLNDODV DWYLMR 3LQþXN WDL QRU¡MR NLHN XåGHOVWL
NDG JHULDX SUDEODLY¡WÐ LU QHDSVLULNWÐ SHU VNXEXP
² *DO LãJHUVLPH LU DSVYDUVW\VLPH W UHLNDO ² SDVLÌO¡ 5DXS\V LU ãÌNWHO¡MR SUR GXULV ²
âHãHOJD QHãN GHJWLQ¡V LU XåNDQGRV
² 1HUHLNLD ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² $ã GHJWLQ¡V NDLS åLQDL QHJHULX 2 UHLNDODV WRNV SDYRN
man Girdvainio obuolmušius.
² 7DL NDG Dã JDO¡þLDX ² DWVLGXVR 5DXS\V ² 6HQLDL JDOYRMX LU QLHNR QHJDOLX SDGDU\WL
² $ã MDX VXJDOYRMDX R WX WLN SDGDU\N ² SDVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV LU NDåN SDVLOHQN
V SUDG¡MR
NXåG¡WL 5DXSLXL ³ DXV³
âHãHOJD WDLS LU QHQXJLUGR N YHOQLDV VX DUNOLDYDJLX WDU¡VL 6XWUXNG¡ NDG M³ NXU GHY\QLRV WDV
NDOYLR SXVNYDLOLV -XUJXWLV VX VDYR SDVDJRPLV 2 SDVNXL LãYDU
V M³ ³ SULHPHQ
 Y¡O SXRO¡ SULH NDPDURV
GXUÐ VS¡MR WLN QXJLUVWL NDG HLQD NDOED DSLH NDåNRNLXV REXROPXãLXV .DV þLD SHU JDODV" ,U -XUJXWLV
NDåN EXUE¡MR DSLH REXROPXãLXV LU þLD G¡O MÐ GHUDVL %HW 5DXS\V ãÌNWHO¡MR GHJWLQ¡V âHãHOJD DWãRNR LU
Y¡O SULNLãR DXV³ SULH GXUÐ WLN QLHNR QHJDO¡MR LãJLUVWL QHV 3LQþXNDV NDåN SDNXåGRPLV NDOE¡MR
² 6XSUDQWL ² SDJDOLDX 3LQþXNDV JDUVLDL SDVDN¡ ² .DL WX QXYDåLXRVL Dã SUDG¡VLX
SULHãLQJRMH SXV¡MH åYHQJWL LU VXNODLGLQVLX
² /DEDL JHUDL ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ 5DXS\V ² 2 NDGD PHV WDL SDGDU\VLP"
² .DL YDåLXRV XåVDNÐ ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV
² 3XLNX ² SULWDU¡ 5DXS\V ² ,U WX PDQ GÌãL GDU JUåLQVL"
² *UåLQVLX ² VXWLNR 3LQþXNDV ² 7LNWDL WX QHO³VN VX MD SUR DQWU JDO ³ *LUGYDLQLR
REXROPXãLXV 7DGD SUDåÌVL SDWV VX YLVD VDYR GÌãLD
² 'XUQDV Dã EÌþLDX SUR DUNOLÐ SDVWXUJDOLXV ODQGåLRWL" ² DWVDN¡ 5DXS\V LU EXYR WRNV
SDWHQNLQWDV NDLS GDU QLHNDGD ² $ã NDL WLN QXþLXSVLX MXRV WXRMDX SHU VLHQ LU ³ 3UÌVXV
² 7DYR UHLNDODV ² DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² .XU QRU¡VL WHQ JDO¡VL MXRV G¡WL 7LNWDL NDG MÐ
*LUGYDLQLV GDXJLDX QHPDW\WÐ
 7DGD âHãHOJD LãJLUG
V Xå GXUÐ NDG MDX EDLJLD VXVLWDUWL ³¡MR VX EXWHOLX LU G¡GDPDVLV YLVN
åLQV SDNODXV¡ NDUþHPLQLQNR JRGXPX
² 2 PDQ NDV EXV" ² QXVLãLHS¡ 3LQþXNXL LU 5DXSLXL
5DXS\V VXSUDWR NDG âHãHOJD Xå GXUÐ NODXV¡VL MÐ NDOERV WDL VXS\N
V DWVDN¡
² 7DL NDV SDOLNV QXR DUNOLÐ
² &KDPDV ² SLNWDL DWVLNLUWR âHãHOJD LU QRU¡MR WULQNWHO¡WL GXULPLV EHW SHUJDOYRMR LU SDG¡MR
EXWHO³ DQW VWDOR WXU¡GDPDV VDYR LãVNDLþLDYLPв âH SDVLODN
%HW âHãHOJD LU ã³ NDUW DSVLULNR 5DXS\V ³VS¡MR LU ãLW MR PLQW³ NDG QXJLUG
V QRUL LãJDXWL MR
SDVODSW³
² 1H ² OLQNVPDL DWVDN¡ WDGD 5DXS\V QHW MR UXGD EDU]GD SUDãYLHV¡MR ² â³ NDUW Dã
QHSDVLODNVLX WLN LãVLSDJLULRVLX 7XULX VYDUEÐ GDUE
— Koks tavo darbas? — dar labiau supyko Šešelga. — Arklius vogti!
² 2 WDYR GDU SUDVWHVQLV ² QHQXVLOHLGR SUDOLQNVP¡M
V 5DXS\V ² 1XR SDYRJWÐ DUNOLÐ
uodegas karpyti.
² $U WX VXJDYDL PDQH NDG VDNDL" ² ³VLåHLG¡ âHãHOJD
— O tu ar sugavai mane, kad sakai? — atsikirto Raupys.
² &KDPDV ² QXVLNHLN¡ âHãHOJD
² âXQEDMRULV ² ULNWHO¡MR 5DXS\V
² 1HVLS\NLW NÌPDL ² SHUWDU¡ 3LQþXNDV ² %XV YLHQDP JHUDL EXV LU NLWDP QHEORJDL
3DãQLDXNLPH YHUþLDX WDERNRV
%HW VLHN¡ ³ OLHPHQ
WDERNLQ¡V ² QHE¡UD 6XSUDWR NDG NXU QRUV DQW NHOLR DU SULH WLOWHOLR
SDPHW¡ NDL VX *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLDLV ¡MR OHQNW\QLÐ
² (LVLX WDERNLQ¡V LHãNRWL ² WDU¡ 3LQþXNDV LU DWVLVYHLNLQR ² /LJL WUHþLÐ JDLGåLÐ JDO GDU
surasiu.
,U Lã¡MR 5DXS\V OLNR YLHQDV JHUWL VDYR GHJWLQ¡V NDG LãVLSDJLULRWÐ R âHãHOJD Lã WR SLNWXPR
QX¡MR JXOWL ³ SULHPHQ
 NXU SR VXROX EXYR QXJULXY
V JLUWDV -XUJXWLV LU NLHWDL XåPLJ
V %HW âHãHOJD MR
QHSDVWHE¡MR EÌWÐ ODXNDQ LãPHW
V R GDEDU DW¡M
V JULXYR ³ JXRO³ WLN QHJDO¡MR XåPLJWL %XYR ³åHLVWDV
EDMRULãNDV XQDUDV %H WR *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLDL MDP Lã JDOYRV QHLã¡MR
² 7R SDQH ² YDUW¡VL QXR ãRQR DQW ãRQR ² WRNLH DUNOLDL WDL MDX QH DUNOLDYDJLDPV YRJWL LU QH
FKDPDPV WXU¡WL 7RNLDLV DUNOLDLV WLNWDL WLNULHPV EDMRUDPV YDåLQ¡WL
%HW LU NDLS VLHORMRVL âHãHOJD G¡O *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLÐ QLHNR QHJDO¡MR VXJDOYRWL NDG MLH JDO¡WÐ MDP
WHNWL 3\NR DQW VDY
V NDG QHQXJLUGR 3LQþXNR LU 5DXSLR SDVODSWLHV NDLS MLH SDYRJV WXRV DUNOLXV NHWLQR
QXHLWL LU LãGXRWL YLVN *LUGYDLQLXL WLN ELMRMR DUNOLDYDJLR LU YHOQLR NHUãWR WRG¡O QLHNR QHSDGDU¡ LU W\O¡MR
3DJDOLDX QXVLUDPLQR NDG LU MDP NDV QRUV WHNV Lã *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLÐ

XXIII

3LUPLHML JDLGåLDL SUDJLHGRMR R %DOWDUDJLR VHNO\þLRMH YLV GDU V¡G¡MR *LUGYDLQLV VX VDYR SLUãOLX
$QXSUX LU QHVLUHQJ¡ NHOWLV QXR VWDOR
$ODXV VWDWLQ¡ QHLãVHNR NDPDURMH SLOQL VRþLDL YLV GDU SXWRMR DQW VWDOR DWULãGDPL SLUãOLR LU
XRãYLR OLHåXYLXV LU MLH QRUV G¡O $QXSUR YLHQRV DXVLHV NXUWXPR QH YLVDL VXVLNDOE¡GDPL ² GDåQDL
NDOE¡MR NLHNYLHQDV VDX ² V¡G¡MR YLHQDV DQWU DSVLNDELQ
NDLS JHULDXVL ELþLXOLDL QHJDO¡GDPL SDEDLJWL
kalbos.
%DOWDUDJLV EDU¡ $QXSU LU MXRNRPLV LU Lã ãLUGLHV NDG MLV VHQDV åPRJXV R DSJDYLNDV
DSVLPHW
V SDNHOHLYLQJX QRUL SDYRJWL Lã MR EUDQJLDXVL WXUW VHQDWY¡V YLHQLQWHO
SDJXRG GXNWHU³ R
$QXSUDV QRUV LU QH YLVN QXJLUVGDPDV N MDP XRãYLV VDNR EHW VDYR WYLUWLQR MLV GRVQLDXVLDV åPRJXV LU
DWYHå
V MDP WRN³ åHQW NRNLR NLWR YLVDP SDVDXO\ QHUDVWXP
² 2L WX SLUãO\ PHODJL ² QHDWVLOHLGR %DOWDUDJLV ² NDLS WDX QH J¡GD WDLS PHOXRWL"
² $ã QHPHOXRMX ² WYLUWLQR 9LVJLUGD ² R SULH GXNUHO¡V NDLS QHQGUHO¡V GXRVLX WDX VÌQÐ NDLS
åXRO VHQDWY¡V XåXRY¡M LU SDUDP
3DJDOLDX VXVLWDLN¡ XRãYLV VX SLUãOLX 6XPXã¡ UDQNRPLV LU LãJ¡U¡ GDU SR YLHQ DODXV VRW³ %HW
PDW\GDPL NDG YLHQX SULV¡GLPX QH³YHLNV YLVRV VWDWLQ¡V DSVLNDELQ
SUDG¡MR VQDXVWL NDG LU Y¡O NLHN
QXVQÌG
JDO¡WÐ Lã QDXMR LPWLV Xå VRþLÐ
2 *LUGYDLQLV VX -XUJD YLV GDU QHJDO¡MR DWVLåLÌU¡WL YLHQDV ³ NLW ,ã WLNUÐMÐ MLH QHGU³VR WLHVLDL
YLHQDV ³ NLW SDåLÌU¡WL WLNWDL åYLOJþLRMR SDVODSþLRPLV ELMRGDPL SDVDN\WL WXRV åRGåLXV LU LãGXRWL WXRV
MDXVPXV NXULÐ DEXGX EXYR NXSLQL LU SDVLLOJ
 7DU\WXP WLH åYLOJVQLDL NXULH GDXJLDX QHJX åRGåLDL
NDOE¡MR DW¡P¡ DELHP åDG LU MLH VWHE¡MR YLHQDV NLW W\OÌV QHJDO¡GDPL DSYHUVWL OLHåXYLR
'LQJR *LUGYDLQLR YLVDV PDQGUXPDV LU MLV SDWV VDY
V QHVXSUDWR NDV MDP DWVLWLNR XåPLUãR LU
-XUJD VDYR SULåDGXV DWYHUVWL *LUGYDLQLR LãYHUVWXV NDLOLQLXV GHMD *LUGYDLQLV HLGDPDV ³ VHNO\þL NDLS
QXPHW¡ MXRV DQW YHåLPR WDLS LU XåPLUãR LU ³ DNLV SDVLMXRNWL
$N ML MXRN¡VL ³ DNLV WLNWDL YLVDL NLWRNLX MXRNX QHJX åDG¡MR 7DV MXRNDV ¡MR Lã ãLUGLHV JLOXPRV
LU M SDþL JXQG¡ NDLS SLUP NDUW VXWLNWD ODLP¡
7LNWDL NDL VHQLDL XåVQÌGR QHSDM¡J
LãJHUWL YLVRV VWDWLQ¡V DODXV LU YLVÐ NDOEÐ LãNDOE¡WL
SUDNDOE¡MR MDXQLHML
² -XUJD ² WDU¡ *LUGYDLQLV LU SDWV VDYR EDOVR QHSDåLQR 7RNV QHGUVXV MLV EXYR LU O\J
XåNLP
V ²(LN Xå PDQ
V 6NULVNLP VX PDQR REXROPXãLDLV SHU YLV J\YHQLP
² 1HåLQDX ² DWVDN¡ -XUJD R DN\V LãGDYLN¡V MXRN¡VL ² 2 NXU PHV QXVNULVLP"
² 7HQ NXU VDYR ODLP
DWUDVLP ² LãWLHV¡ *LUGYDLQLV UDQNDV QRU¡GDPDV DSNDELQWL PHUJLQ
NDLS VDYR ODLP

² 9DUJX ² LãVLVXNR -XUJD LU NDLS SDJXQGD åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ DNLV ² 6XYLOLRVL LU SDPHVL
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV VLHNGDPDV -XUJRV ² *UHLþLDX VDYR REXROPXãLÐ LU JDOYRV
neteksiu, negu tave pamesiu.
² *DO EÌW ² QXVLMXRN¡ -XUJD ² REXROPXãLXV SUDUDVL JDOYRV QHWHNVL LU PDQH SDPHVL
² 1LHNDGRV ² SDNLOR *LUGYDLQLV ² 6X WDYLP LU VDYR REXROPXãLDLV VNULVLX NDLS Y¡MR
VSDUQDLV ³ VDYR ODLP

² 2 JDO QHODLP
" ² DEHMRMR LU JXQG¡ -XUJD LãVLVXNLQ¡GDPD Lã *LUGYDLQLR JO¡ELR
3R YLV VHNO\þL *LUGYDLQLV JDXG¡ -XUJ LU QHJDO¡MR VXJDXWL 7D LãVLVXNLQ¡MR NDLS Y¡MDV LU
MXRN¡VL
² 9LV WLHN PDQR EÌVL ² QLUWR EHUQDV ² QRUV åHP¡ VNLUVLV
² -HL SHUVLVNLUV WDL NDLS VXVLWLNVLP" ² MXRN¡VL PHUJLQD
7LNWDL NDL WUHWLHML JDLGåLDL SUDJ\GR LU *LUGYDLQLV SUDG¡MR QXVLPLQWL QHVXJDXGDPDV -XUJRV ML
SDWL SDJDYR *LUGYDLQ³
² .DV EXV WDV EXV HLVLX Xå WDY
V VNULVLX VX WDYR REXROPXãLDLV QRUV LU ³ SDVDXOLR JDO ²
YLHQX DWVLNY¡SLPX SDVDN¡ R UDQNRV NDLS SHONLÐ YLMRNOLDL DSVLVXNR DSLH EHUQR NDNO LU WDLS SDEXþLDYR
kad Girdvainiui naktis staiga prašvito.
6WY¡U¡ *LUGYDLQLV -XUJ ³ JO¡E³ WULV NDUWXV DSVLVXNR VHNO\þLRMH LU VDNR
² 9DåLXRMDP XåVDNÐ
7DGD SDEXGR SLUãO\V VQDXG
V XåXVWDO¡MH LU SDåLÌU¡MR SUDPHUN
V DNLV
² $U MDX" ² SDNODXV¡
² -DX ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV LU LãO¡N¡ SUR GXULV QHãGDPDV JO¡E\MH -XUJ
$XãR U\WDV LU REXROPXãLDL MDX VHQLDL ODXNGDPL ãHLPLQLQNR LU QHVXODXNGDPL QXVLåYHQJ¡ M³
SDPDW

² /¡NVLPH PDQR åLUJHOLDL NDLS GDU QLHNDGD QHO¡N¡PH ² WDU¡ *LUGYDLQLV ãRNGDPDV VWDþLDV
DQW GXJQLQ¡V JDUGLV DWYDåLXRGDPL NDåNXU SDPHW¡ LU -XUJ XåVLWUDXNGDPDV
² 'DEDU ODLN\WLV ² DSNDELQR -XUJ LU SDOHLGR DUNOLXV NLHN ³NDELQD 2 WLH WDUVL WLNWDL ODXN

åHQNOR SDNLOR NDLS YLHVXODL NDG QHW PDOÌQR VSDUQDL SUDG¡MR VXNWLV LU QXO¡N¡ ³ SDNDOQ
 QXQHãGDPL
*LUGYDLQ³ VX -XUJD
$QXSUDV QHVS¡M
V SUDVLEODLY\WL QXR SDJLULÐ LU VQDXGXOLR LãE¡JR Lã VHNO\þLRV ³ NLHP LãJLUG
V
YHåLPR GXQG¡MLP EHW U\WR SULHEODQGRMH WLNWDL WROL SDNDOQ¡MH SDPDW¡ NDLS OHNLD WDU\WXP VX VSDUQDLV
jaunikis ir nuotaka.
² 3DODXN ² ãÌNWHO¡MR EHW SDWV WLN VDYR EDOV LãJLUGR ² 3DODXN 1HQXYDåLXRVL YLHQDV EH
PDQ
V
6XVLUÌSLQR $QXSUDV SULVLPLQ
V NRNV VXQNXV EXYR NHOLDV EHW YLHQX UÌSHVþLX QH N JDO¡MR
SDG¡WL 2 *LUGYDLQLXL YLVDL QHUÌS¡MR QHL NHOLDV QHL MR SDYRMDL -LV LU EH NHOLR QXYDåLXRWÐ XåVDNÐ VX
VDYR QXRWDND QRUV LU SDGDQJ¡PLV
² 7HJX MXPV GLHYDV SDGHGD ² WDU¡ $QXSUDV NDL *LUGYDLQLV VX -XUJD GLQJR NHOLR YLQJLXRVH
LU VXJU³åR DWJDO ³ VHNO\þL
2 %DOWDUDJLV GDU VQDXG¡ DSVLNQLDXE
V DQW VWDOR LU QHJLUG¡MR NDLS LãYHå¡ MR GXNWHU³ 7RNV
VXQNXV PLHJDV Xå¡MR WDUVL SULHã PLUW³
² .HONLV ² SULåDGLQR M³ $QXSUDV ² 3UDPLHJRMRP PXGX VHQLDL R MDXQLHML LãYDåLDYR
² .DV LãYDåLDYR" ² QHVXSUDWR Lã NDUWR %DOWDUDJLV
² 1DJL MDXQLNLV VX QXRWDND ² PRVWHO¡MR UDQND $QXSUDV ² $QW XåVDNÐ ,U PDQH SDOLNR
3UDVLEODLY¡ %DOWDUDJLV LU VWDLJD MDP OLÌGQD SDVLGDU¡ 7RNV YLHQLãDV SDVLMXWR NDLS GDU QLHNDGD
1XEUDXN¡ GHOQX DãDU QXR EODNVWLHQRV LU DSVLNQLDXE¡ DQW VWDOR
$QXSUDV VXSUDWR W¡YR OLÌGHV³ LU WDU¡ NDG SDWV QHVXVLJUDXGLQWÐ
 ² ,ãJHUVLPH VYRWDL DU N"
— Išgersime, — sutiko Baltaragis.
*¡U¡ VHQLDL LU W\O¡MR .LHNYLHQDV VDYR JDOYRMR
7DG LU J¡U¡ W\O¡GDPL

XXIV

.DLS LãYDåLDYR *LUGYDLQLV VX -XUJD XåVDNÐ WDLS LU QXO¡N¡ WLHVLDL ³ âYHQGXEU

 QHVXVWRGDPL QHL
SULHã NDOQ QHL SULHã WLOW 3LUPXRVLXV WLOWHOLXV SUDO¡N¡ LU QHSDVWHE¡MR DU VYHLNL MLH EXYR DU VXJULXY
 R
SDPDW
V SDVWDUXRVLXV *LUGYDLQLV QHW QXVWHER YLVLãNDL EXYR VYHLNL WDUVL YDNDU EÌWÐ QHVXJULRY
V
.DLS þLD DWVLWLNR QHWXU¡MR ODLNR SDJDOYRWL âXROLDLV O¡N¡ REXROPXãLDL ãLUGLV Lã GåLDXJVPR
VPDUNLDL SODN¡ R MLV DNLÐ QXR -XUJRV QHQXOHLGR VWLSULDL M ODLN¡ DSNDELQ
V GHãLQLMD UDQND SHU OLHPHQ³
1HSDPDW¡ NDLS QXO¡N¡ ³ âYHQGXEU
LU VXVWRMR WLHV ãYHQWRULXPL SULH NOHERQLMRV YDUWÐ
1XVLåYHQJ¡ åLUJDL LU SULåDGLQR âYHQGXEU¡V NOHERQ NXULV GDU ãLOWRMH ORYRMH VDOGåLDL PLHJRMR
.DV JL þLD GDEDU WDLS DQNVWL DWYDåLDYR" ² SDJDOYRMR SUR PLHJXV %RQLIDFDV %RELQDV ² $U
ne koks šunbajoris baigti vinto?"
%HW VDOGXV PLHJDV WDLS LU OLSG¡ DNLV LU NOHERQDV DSVLYHUW¡ DQW NLWR ãRQR
7HJX VDX YDåLXRMD QRUV LU ³ SUDJDU VX YHOQLDLV EDLJWL ² SDJDOYRMR LU Y¡O XåPLJR
2 *LUGYDLQLV SDVWDW¡ DUNOLXV SULH ãYHQWRULDXV WYRURV SD¡P¡ -XUJ Xå UDQNRV LU QX¡MR
VXVLNDELQ
³ WXãþL EDåQ\þL 6XVWRMR SULH DOWRULDXV LU ODXNLD NDGD NOHERQDV SDVLURG\V
%HW SDVLURG¡ WLNWDL ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV LOJDV NDLS åDUGLV *LUGYDLQLV WUXNWHO¡MR M³ Xå
VNYHUQR NDL WDV ¡MR SUR ãDO³ NOÌSþLRGDPDV SULHã GLG³M³ DOWRULÐ LU VDNR
² 3ULNHON NOHERQ 7XULX ODEDL VNXEÐ UHLNDO
=DNULVWLMRQDV SDåLÌU¡MR ³ MDXQLN³ VX QXRWDND LU VXSUDWR NRNV þLD JDOL EÌWL UHLNDODV WDG DEHMLQJDL
DWVDN¡
² 6S¡VL 1HGHJD
² . WX åLQDL JDO PDQ GHJD" ² S\NWHO¡MR WDGD *LUGYDLQLV LU ³VSDXG¡ UXEOLQ
]DNULVWLMRQXL ³
GHOQ 7DGD EDåQ\þLRV WDUQDV Lã NDUWR DWO\åR LU VDNR
— Tuojau. Tik dulkes nuo altoriaus nušluostysiu ir nueisiu.
1X¡MR ]DNULVWLMRQDV LU VXJU³åR EHW NOHERQDV GDU QHJUHLWDL SDVLURG¡ -DXQDYHGåLDL ODXN¡
YDODQG NLW NRO DW¡MR XåVLPLHJRM
V NOHERQDV LU SDãDXN¡ MXRV ³ ]DNULVWLM
² .R UHLNLD" ² SLNWDL SDNODXV¡
*LUGYDLQLV QHL SDJDUELQ
V QHL UDQNRV NOHERQXL SDEXþLDY
V WLHVLDL LU SDVDN¡
² 'XRN NOHERQH WXRMDX ãOLÌE DUED SR WULMÐ VDYDLþLÐ
3DåLÌU¡MR WDGD QHSDWHQNLQWDV NOHERQDV SDVNXWLQLV PLHJDV QXR EODNVWLHQÐ QXODNVW¡ SHUåHJQRMR
WRN³ VPDUNÐ MDXQLN³ LU DWJDO åHQJ¡
² 8åNHU¡WDV HVL ² VDNR ² DU N MDX" 7HJX NHUDL SLUPD SUDHLV R MDX SDVNXL DSLH ãOLÌE
NDOE¡N
² 1HSUDHLV ² QXVLã\SVRMR *LUGYDLQLV ² 9LVDP J\YHQLPXL HVX XåNHU¡WDV
² 1HGXRVLX WDX ãOLÌER LU QHSULLPVLX XåVDNÐ ² DWVDN¡ NOHERQDV ² 6X SLNWRP GYDVLRP
WXULWH UHLNDO WHJX MRV LU VXWXRNLD MXGX
0DWR *LUGYDLQLV NDG QLHNR QHLãHLV QHVXVLNDOE¡V VX NOHERQX WRG¡O QHJDLãGDPDV ODLNR
LãVLWUDXN¡ GHãLPWUXEOLQ
Lã NLãHQ¡V LU SDG¡MR DQW VWDOR
.OHERQDV SDåLÌU¡MR ³ GHãLPWUXEOLQ
 QXVLåLRYDYR LU VDNR
² 1D N þLD GDEDU VX MXPLV GDU\VL" .DOE¡NLWH SRWHULXV DU N MDX"
$WNDOE¡MR WDGD SRWHULXV NOHERQDV ORW\QLãNDL SDPDåX åLRYDXGDPDV *LUGYDLQLV VX -XUJD ²
OLHWXYLãNDL VNXELQGDPL SUDOHLVGDPL YLHQDV ³ NLW åYLOJþLRGDPL
3R SRWHULÐ VXEDU¡ NOHERQDV MDXQXRVLXV LU Y¡O VDNR
² 6WRQDQ PRWHU\VW¡V VWRMDWH R SRWHULÐ QHPRNDWH 1HJDOLX SULLPWL XåVDNÐ
3HU PDåD ² SDJDOYRMR *LUGYDLQLV LU GDU YLHQ GHãLPWUXEO
DQW VWDOR SDG¡MR
.OHERQDV SDãQDLUDYR ³ QDXM GHãLPWUXEO
LU VDNR
— Kuo tu pavarde ir vardu ir iš kur tu?
² *LUGYDLQLV -XUJLV Lã 'DXJQRULÐ NDLPR ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV SDWHQNLQWDV NDG SDJDOLDX
QXJDO¡MR NOHERQR XåVLVS\ULP
² *LUG¡MDX ² DWVDN¡ XåUDã\GDPDV NOHERQDV ² 7¡YDV EXYR JHUDV ÌNLQLQNDV R WX JLUG¡MDX
GLGHOLV SDODLGÌQDV 7XUL SDVLWDLV\WL VWRM
V ³ PRWHU\VW¡V VWRQ
² 3DVLWDLV\VLX ² SULåDG¡MR *LUGYDLQLV
² 2 QXRWDND Lã NXU" ² SDNODXV¡ NOHERQDV
 ² ,ã 3DXGUXY¡V NDLPR ² DWVDN¡ Xå QXRWDN *LUGYDLQLV² 0DOÌQLQLQNR %DOWDUDJLR GXNW¡
Jurga.
² 3DOD" ² QXVWRMR UDã
V NOHERQDV ² .RNLR %DOWDUDJLR" $U QH WR UDJDQLDXV NXULV þLD YLHQ
GDYDWN QRU¡MR Xå YHOQLR LãOHLVWL"
² 7R SDWLHV ² OLQNVPDL DWVDN¡ -XUJD
² 1D WDLS Dã LU PDQLDX ² QXOHLGR UDQNDV NOHERQDV ² $SUDJDQLDYR WDYH QHLãPDQ¡OL R WX LU
galvos netekai.
² 1RUV LU GYL WXU¡þLDX QHVLJDLO¡þLDX ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV
² 0DWDX PDWDX ² VXWLNR NOHERQDV ² 3ULLPVLX XåVDNXV EHW WX GDU SDJDOYRN NRO GDU ODLNR
yra.
² 1HWXULX NR JDOYRWL ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV LU åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ -XUJ ² $U QH WDLS"
-XUJD DWVDN¡ ã\SVHQD
7XR PHWX SDVLJLUGR VNDUGXV DUNOLÐ åYHQJLPDV NDG QHW EDåQ\þLRV VWLNODL VXWLUW¡MR .UÌSWHO¡MR
*LUGYDLQLV LU ³VLNODXV¡
3UR ]DNULVWLMRV GXULV VWDLJD ³SXRO¡ WRNLD VXSLQWLMXVL PRWHU¡O¡ LU YRV DWJDXGDPD NYDS VXãXNR
² $UNOLXV SDYRJ¡ $UNOLXV SDYRJ¡
7DL EXYR 8UãXO¡
— Kokius arklius? — nesuprato klebonas.
*LUGYDLQLV O\J ³JHOWDV ãRNR Lã YLHWRV LU LãE¡JR SUR GXULV
/DXNH DUNOLDL GDU JDUVLDX åYHQJ¡ 7LNWDL *LUGYDLQLV QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL NXULRMH SXV¡MH åYHQJLD
² NXUL SXV
WLNWDL DWVLVXNV WHQ LU åYHQJLPDV SDVLJLUVWD
%¡JR ³ YLHQ SXV
 ³ NLW LU YLV SULHãLQJRMH SXV¡MH åYHQJ¡ REXROPXãLDL $SVLVXNR *LUGYDLQLXL
JDOYD EHVLVXNLQ¡MDQW LU MLV QXE¡JR WLHVLDL SHU ODXNXV SDOLN
V VDYR QXRWDN LU YLVN XåPLUã
V SDVDXO\MH
2 DUNOLDL YLV GDU åYHQJ¡

XXV

7 VHNPDGLHQ³ VXVLULQN
³ âYHQGXEU
 åPRQ¡V QHåLQRMR NXR GDXJLDX VWHE¡WLV DU *LUGYDLQLR VX
%DOWDUDJLR -XUJD QHODXNWDLV XåVDNDLV NXULXRV NOHERQDV YLV G¡OWR SDVNHOE¡ SR SDPRNVOR R SDPRNVO
SDVDN¡ NDLS WLN ODEDL VPDUNÐ DSLH YLVRNLXV EXUWXV LU UDJDQDYLPXV NXULH QHLãYHQJLDPDL QXJUDP]GLQD
VLHO ³ SUDJDUR JHOPHV DU WXR NDG WDLS SDVODSWLQJDL LU QHWLN¡WDL SDYRJ¡ *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLXV
-HLJX QH DUNOLÐ SDYRJLPDV JDO QLHNDV QHEÌWÐ VWHE¡M
VLV *LUGYDLQLR VX %DOWDUDJLR -XUJD
XåVDNDLV QHV EODLYLDX SDJDOYRMXV WDLS LU WXU¡MR EÌWL $WLWLNR MLHGX YLHQDV NLW NDLS NLUYLV NRW R JDO
GDU JHULDX 'DEDU åPRQ¡PV SDDLãN¡MR NRG¡O WDLS LOJDL *LUGYDLQLV SDV PHUJDV YDåLQ¡MR VDYR
QHVXUDVGDPDV LU NRG¡O SDV %DOWDUDJLR -XUJ QHJDO¡MR MRNV MDXQLNLV VX SLUãOLX QXYDåLXRWL $LãNX NDG
MLHGX EXYR YLHQDV NLWDP VNLUWL LU NLWDLS þLD QHJDO¡MR EÌWL
%HW NRG¡O SDYRJ¡ *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLXV NDLS WLN WDGD NDL MLHGX DWYDåLDYR XåVDNÐ" ýLD EXYR
NDåNDV QHDLãNX *DO¡MR *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLXV LU DQNVþLDX SDYRJWL MXN VXNRVL DSLH MXRV QH YLHQDV
DUNOLDYDJLV W\NRGDPDV SURJRV MXRV QXþLXSWL 1D WHJX NRNV DUNOLDYDJLV QXW\NRMR W SURJ NDLS WLN
WDGD NDL *LUGYDLQLV EXYR QX¡M
V XåVDNÐ EHW Lã NXU WDV QHåPRQLãNDV åYHQJLPDV NXU³ GDXJ NDV JLUG¡MR
LU QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL NXULRMH SXV¡MH åYHQJLD 7RNV MLV EXYR NODLGLQDQWLV LU DSJDXOLQJDV 7DL LU *LUGYDLQ³
WDLS VXNODLGLQR NDG MLV XåXRW YLM
VLV DUNOLXV NHOLDLV LãE¡JR WLHVLDL ³ ODXNXV LU OLJL ãLRO QHVXJU³åR
6XåDG¡WLQ
² %DOWDUDJLR -XUJ ² GDXJ NDV EXYR VXWLN
V NHOLX HLQDQþL Lã âYHQGXEU¡V ³
3DXGUXY
 .HLVWD DWURG¡ NRG¡O ML WDLS DQNVWL HLQD QH ³ EDåQ\þL EHW ³ SULHãLQJ SXV
 1LHNDP WDGD ³
JDOY QHDW¡MR NDG ML EÌWÐ *LUGYDLQLR QXRWDND LU JU³åWÐ SR XåVDNÐ 3DNODXVWL QHLãGU³VR ² WRNLD ML LãGLGL
DWURG¡ R MHLJX NDV LU P¡JLQR SDMXRNDXWL ML QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ WDUVL EÌWÐ QHJLUG¡MXVL
7LNWDL WDGD NDL DWY\NR ³ âYHQGXEU
LU LãJLUGR DSLH QHSDSUDVWXV ³Y\NLXV NXULH DQNVWL U\W
DWVLWLNR VXSUDWR QRUV LU QH YLVN åLQRMR NRG¡O -XUJD YLHQD JU³åR QDPR 6XåYHQJXV DUNOLDPV LU LãE¡JXV
MDXQLNLXL Lã ]DNULVWLMRV ML LãEDOR NDLS GURE¡ LU YRV QHQXJULXYR DQW 8UãXO¡V UDQNÐ %HW VXVLYDOG¡ LãN¡O¡
JDOY LU Lã¡MR Lã ]DNULVWLMRV NDåNDLS YLVD VXVWLQJXVL
7RNLD LU QX¡MR SHU EDåQ\WNDLP³ 9HOWXL 8UãXO¡ M JHUDV YDUVQDV YLMRVL LU YLV ³NDOELQ¡MR NDG
GDU\WÐ VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV QHV NLWDLS SUDåÌVLDQWL EHW ML LU QHDWVLJU
å¡ %HWJL 8UãXO¡ EXYR DWNDNOL
1HDWVWRMR NRO SUDG¡MR VNDPELQWL DQNVW\YRVLRPV PLãLRPV LU WLN WDGD JHUDL LãSOÌGXVL -XUJ QXE¡JR
DWJDO ³ EDåQ\þL %HW LU WHQ ML QHJDO¡MR QXVLUDPLQWL
1HW EDåQ\þLRMH QHLãN
VGDPL åPRQ¡V NXåG¡MRVL DSLH WXRV QHSDSUDVWXV ³Y\NLXV GDOLMRVL
åLQLRPLV EHL JDQGDLV LU QLHNR QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL 9LVN åLQRMR LU VXSUDWR WLNWDL YLHQD 8UãXO¡ %HW ML WDUVL
Lã -XUJRV LãGLGXPX XåVLNU¡WXVL W\O¡MR WLNWDL NDUWDV QXR NDUWR SLNWDL åYLOJþLRGDPD ³ WXRV NXULH NXåGDVL
LU GUXPVþLD ãYHQWRMH YLHWRMH PDOGLQJXPR ULPW³
 3DJDOLDX LU 8UãXO¡ QHLãNHQW¡ 3R SDPRNVOR NDL Lã¡MR Lã EDåQ\þLRV VXMDXGLQWL åPRQ¡V LU SUDG¡MR
VS¡OLRWL NDLS LU NDV þLD DWVLWLNR QHDWVLODLN¡ LU 8UãXO¡ SULHã SDJXQG LãVOLQNR ³ ãYHQWRULÐ NR DQNVþLDX
QLHNDGD QHGDU\GDYR âYHQWRPLV GLHQRPLV SUDNLXUNVRGDYR EDåQ\þLRMH QXR SDW DQNVW\YR U\WR NDL
]DNULVWLMRQDV SLUPVLDV åYDNHV XååLHEGDYR OLJL SDYDNDU¡V NDL YLVDV åYDNHV XåJHVLQGDYR LU SUDG¡GDYR
ãOXRWL EDåQ\þL 7LNWDL WDGD 8UãXO¡ SDNLOGDYR QXR NURWHOLÐ LU LãHLGDYR %HW ã³ NDUW SHUGDXJ GLGHO¡ EXYR
pagunda.
,ã¡MXVL Lã EDåQ\þLRV SULVWRMR SULH YLHQR EÌUHOLR SULH NLWR SDNODXV¡ SDNODXV¡ JDOY SDNUDLS¡
LU SDJDOLDX WDU¡
² 1LHNR QHPDW¡WH QLHNR QHåLQRWH YLVDL QH WDLS EXYR
2 NDLS EXYR QH WDLS MDX OHQJYD EXYR Lã 8UãXO¡V LãJDXWL ,OJDL ML GDU PDLY¡VL LU EDQG¡ åPRQLÐ
VPDOVXP NRO SUDELOR
² 2 EXYR WDLS ² SDJDOLDX SDVDN¡ NDL åPRQ¡PV NDQWU\E¡V SULWUÌNR LU MLH YRV QHSULPXã¡
SDPDLYRV ² (LQX DQNVWL U\W ³ EDåQ\þL åLÌULX ² NDåNLHQR DUNOLDL SULH ãYHQWRULDXV SDVWRYÐ SULULãWL
.DV þLD EÌWÐ WDLS DQNVWL DWYDåLDY
V QHJDOL VXSUDVWL $UNOLDL WRNLH NDLS VPDNDL YLHWRMH QHQXVWRYL R
SDNLQN\WL WLNWDL ³ YLHQXV UDWXV QHL V¡G\Q¡V QHL JDUGåLÐ WLNWDL YLHQD GXJQLQ¡ WDUS UDWÐ LãOLNXVL .DV þLD
EÌWÐ WRNV DWYDåLDY
V JDOYRQ QHVXLPVL ,ã DUNOLÐ ² SRQDV GLGHOLV R Lã UDWÐ ² SDVNXWLQLV QHYDOHLYD
6XWLQNX ãSLWROQLQN %HUQDUG HLQD MLV DQNVW\YRPV PLãLRPV VNDPELQWL WDL LU NODXVLX MR .DV þLD EÌWÐ
WRNV DWYDåLDY
V" -LV PDQ LU DWVDN¡ 2JL QHåLQDL *LUGYDLQLV VX %DOWDUDJLR -XUJD XåVDNÐ 2
MHUJXW¡OLDX JDOYRMX YLV G¡OWR DWVLUDGR YLHQDV NXULV LãSO¡ã¡ M Lã W¡YR UDJDQLDXV XåPDþLÐ LU YHOQLR
QDJÐ $WVLGXVDX LU ³ GDQJÐ SDåLÌU¡MDX 2JL åLÌULX ² DXNãWDL SDGDQJ¡MH WDUVL GLGHOLV YDQDJDV GLGHO

YLãW QHãWÐ 7LHVLRJ VDYR DNLPLV QHQRULX WLN¡WL %HW þLD NDG VXVWDXJV YLVL EDåQ\WNDLPLR ãXQHV NDG
VXULNV JDLGåLDL QD VDNDX SDVWDURML GLHQD DW¡MR 1HVS¡MDX SHUVLåHJQRWL RJL åLÌULX OHLGåLDVL SDWV
QHODEDVLV VX PDLãX DQW SHþLÐ NDLS WLN SULH EDåQ\þLRV .DL QXVLOHLGR RJL åLÌULX ² YHOQLDV LãNU¡W¡ Lã
GYLNDUW¡V DUNOLDYDJ³ 3DNLOR GXONLÐ GHEHV\V EHW Dã YLV WLHN SDåLQDX DEXGX 7DL EXYR 3LQþXNDV LU
5DXS\V . MLH þLD GDU\V" ² JDOYRMX 2 QXVLOHLGR WLHVLDL SULH *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLÐ 1HVS¡MDX VXVLYRNWL
QHL ãSLWROQLQNXL ULNWHOWL 5DXS\V DSVLGDLU¡ VWY¡U¡ Xå YDGHOLÐ LU QXO¡N¡ WLHVLDL SHU ODXNXV NDG QHW åHP¡
VXGXQG¡MR 2 YHOQLDV WDGD SDNLOR SDYLUWR ãLNãQRVSDUQLX LU SUDG¡MR åYHQJWL NDLS ãLPWDV DUNOLÐ $ã
QXE¡JDX ³ ]DNULVWLM SDVDN\WL *LUGYDLQLXL NDG MR DUNOLXV SDYRJ¡ R MLV NDLS JDOYRV QHWHN
V LãE¡JR QHW
PDQ
V QHSDNODXV
V NDLS LU NDV SDYRJ¡ WDL LU DSVXNR MDP YHOQLDV JDOY LU MR DUNOLDL SUDåXYR .XU
GDEDU MXRV UDVL" 8å ãLPWR P\OLÐ 5DXS\V MDX EXV VX WRNLDLV DUNOLDLV QXYDåLDY
V 2 EÌWÐ PDQH
SDNODXV
V EÌþLDX Dã MDP SDVDNLXV äLÌU¡N NDLS VDYR GÌãL LãJHOE¡WL R QH DUNOLÐ QHV þLD QLHNR
QHSDGDU\VL NDL YHOQLDV VX DUNOLDYDJLX VXVLG¡MR R Xå MÐ SHþLÐ GDU VWRYL W¡YDV UDJDQLXV 7DGD DUED
QXRWDNRV LãVLåDG¡N NXUL W¡YDV YHOQLXL SDåDG¡MR DUED DUNOLÐ QHWHNVL 2 QRU¡VL WXU¡WL LU DUNOLXV LU
QXRWDN WDL QLHNR QHODLP¡VL WLNWDL SDWV JDO JDXVL
² %RED QLHNXV SDLVWR R ULPWL Y\UDL NODXVR ² NDåNDV Lã EÌULR DWVLOLHS¡
² .DL WDYH YHOQLDV SDJULHEV WDL SDPDW\VL NRNLH þLD QLHNDL ² SLNWDL G¡EWHO¡MR 8UãXO¡ LU
QXVLVXNR VXNHOGDPD VLMRQX GXONHV ² 1HQRULWH åLQRWL NDLS EXYR WDL LU QHUHLNLD
6XS\NXVL 8UãXO¡ QX¡MR ³ EDåQ\þL QHV SUDG¡MR VNDPELQWL PLãSDUDPV .DL NDV P¡JLQR
SDNODXVWL YDUSLQLQN %HUQDUG DU WLHV 8UãXO¡ SDSDVDNRMR EHW WDV WLNWDL SDOLXGLMR NDG WLNUDL EXYR
VXWLN
V 8UãXO
 HLGDPDV DQNVW\YRPV PLãLRPV VNDPELQWL ML NODXVXVL NLHQR WLH DUNOLDL LU MLV DWVDN
V R
SDVNXL QX¡M
V ³ YDUSLQ
LU QLHNR GDXJLDX QHPDW
V WLNWDL LãJLUG
V YHåLPR GDUG¡MLP LU DUNOLÐ åYHQJLP
.DL Lã¡M
V Lã YDUSLQ¡V DUNOLDYDJLV O¡N
V VX DUNOLDLV NHOLX ³ YDNDUXV åYHQJLPDV JL EXYR þLD SDW DSOLQNXL
JLUG¡WL SDVNXL QXWRO
V ³ U\WXV 2 *LUGYDLQLV ³ SLHWÐ SXV
SHU ODXNXV QXE¡J
V 7DLS MDP JDOYD YDUJãXL
susisuko.
äPRQ¡V QHåLQRMR N PDQ\WL LU NXR WLN¡WL 9LVDLS VS¡OLRGDPL LãVLVNLUVW¡ 7DLS DU NLWDLS þLD
EXYR YLV WLHN QLHNR WLNUR QHVXåLQRVL R DSLH %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ VHQLDL YLVRNLH JDQGDL VNOLGR 7DL
nenuostabu, kad ir su piršlybomis taip atsitiko.

XXVI

2 YLV G¡OWR 8UãXO¡ ã³ NDUW QH YLVDL QLHNXV SDLVW¡ QRUV NDLS Lã WLNUÐMÐ EXYR LU SDWL QHåLQRMR -DL
SULWDUWL LU MRV åLQLDV EHL LãPLQW³ SDSLOG\WL EÌWÐ JDO¡M
V -XUJXWLV EHW QHåLQLD NXU MLV GLQJR QLHNDP QLHNR
QHSDVDN
V N PDW
V LU SHUJ\YHQ
V
2 VX *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDLV OHQNW\QLDYR QH YLHQDV 3LQþXNDV EHW LU -XUJXWLV ² WDUWXP MR
ãHã¡OLV 7DGD MLV SUR GXPSOLÐ ÌåLP LãJLUG
V QHSDSUDVWXV ãXROLXV LU YHåLPR GDUG¡MLP ãRNR Lã NDOY¡V
LU SDPDW¡ WLHVLDL DWOHNLDQW NDLS SDWUDNXVLXV REXROPXãLXV 3XRO¡ ³ JULRY³ LãVLJDQG
V NDG QHVXPLQGåLRWÐ
R SDVNXL VXSUDW
V NDG þLD EHQH WLNUDVLV MDXQLNLV YDåLXRMD SLUãOLDLV SDV -XUJ LããRNR SULHãDLV
QRU¡GDPDV MXRV SDEDLG\WL %HW REXROPXãLDL SUDO¡NGDPL SUR ãDO³ NDLS YLHVXODL M³ SDW³ QXEORãN¡ ³ OLÌQ
Lã NXU MLV YRVQHYRV LãVLNDSVW¡
2 SDVNXL Lã SHONLÐ VWDLJD SDNLOR QHSHUPDWRPDV UÌNDV 7LNWDL YHåLPDV NDåNXU GDUG¡MR LU
REXROPXãLDL åYHQJ¡ QHWROL %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR 7DGD LU -XUJXWLV NDLS SDNYDLã
V QXE¡JR SHU UÌN WLHVLDL
³ PDOÌQ NXU QHEXYR QXR WR ODLNR NDL LãMXRN¡ M³ %DOWDUDJLV Xå W MR ãQLUSãþLRMLP
$QW PDOÌQR NDOQR EXYR JLHGUDV YDNDUDV WLNWDL SDNDOQ¡MH NDLS MÌUD OLÌOLDYR UÌNDV YHUVGDPDVLV
JXUXODLV 3ULH PDOÌQR VWRY¡MR YHåLPDV VX REXROPXãLDLV åLUJDLV R SUR VHNO\þLRV ODQJHO³ PLUJXOLDYR
åLEXU¡OLV 1XVLPLQ
V -XUJXWLV SUL¡MR SULH ODQJHOLR LU QXVLJDQG
V DWãRNR ² Lã -XUJRV UDQNÐ MDXQLNLV
SD¡P¡ UÌW LU XåNLãR MDL Xå NDVÐ
² 3UDåXYR -XUJD ² WDU¡ -XUJXWLV ² 9LVN SDP\Q¡ SR NRMRPLV QHOHPWL REXROPXãLDL
,U WRNV VLHOYDUWDV M³ WDGD SDJDYR NDG MLV QHåLQRMR NXU G¡WLV WLHVLRJ QRUV LPN LU SUDVPHN
NLDXUDL ³ åHP
 7DL QRU¡MR EHQW REXROPXãLXV DWULãWL QXR PDOÌQR SDVWRYÐ LU SDEDLG\WL NDG QXO¡NWÐ ³
SDNDOQ
DN WLH REXROPXãLDL VXPLQGåLRMR MR ãLUG³ EHW YRV WLN SUL¡MR SULH MÐ NDL ãLH WDLS VXSUXQNãW¡ LU
QXVLåYHQJ¡ MRJ QXVLJDQG
V -XUJXWLV SDWV QHåLQR NDLS QXVLULWR ³ SDNDOQ

7DGD MLV SDU¡MR ³ NDOY
 EHW LU WHQ QHVXUDGR VDX YLHWRV 9LV ODLN SULHã DNLV VWRY¡MR -XUJD
QXOHLGXVL JDOY R Lã MRV UDQNÐ MDXQLNLV ¡P¡ UÌW .RG¡O MLV WDGD QHãRNR SUR ODQJ LU QHDW¡P¡ UÌWRV"
-XUJD EÌWÐ NDLS åXY¡GUD LãWUÌNXVL LU QXVNULGXVL SDHåHU¡PLV 'DEDU YLVNDV EDLJWD YLVNDV SUDåXYR
,ãVLYHã M QHåLQRPDV MDXQLNLV ³ SDVDXOLR NUDãW LU QLHNDGD MLV QHSDPDW\V LU QHLãJLUV MRV VNDPEDQþLR
VLGDEULQLR MXRNR 1XVLPLQ
V -XUJXWLV JULHE¡VL YLUY¡V LU QRU¡MR SDVLNDUWL SR DXNãWLQLX EHW YLUY¡ QXWUÌNR
LU MLV QXNULWR DQW DVORV WLHV SDVDJÐ NUÌYD
3ULWUHQNWDV LU YLVDL DSNYDLã
V -XUJXWLV SDWDPV\MH G¡OLRMR SDVDJDV Lã NUÌYRV ³ NUÌY
VYDUVW\GDPDV N JL GDU\WL NXU GLQJWL QHV MDP WDLS Q\NX LU ãLXUSX EXYR WDUWXP YLVRV SDNDPS¡V
DWJLMXVLRV þHå¡WÐ LU SODXNDL ãLDXã¡VL DQW JDOYRV 2 DSOLQNXL GXQG¡MR åHP¡ QXR DUNOLÐ NDQRSÐ LU åYHQJ¡
REXROPXãLDL WDLS VNDUGåLDL NDG QHW WDPVD VN\U¡VL O\J QXR JULDXVWLQLR %HW SUR NDOY¡V DXNãWLQ³ UDPLDL
ãYLHW¡ P¡QXOLV 7D DXGUD ã¡OR WLNWDL -XUJXþLR ãLUG\MH
3DJDOLDX QHVLN
VGDPDV MLV SDVL¡P¡ NDåNRG¡O Lã NUÌYRV GYL SRUDV SDVDJÐ LU Lã¡MR ³ ODXN
QHåLQRGDPDV N WROLDX GDU\WL 1XRVWDEL QDNWLV PLUJXOLDYR EHJDO\EH åYDLJåGåLÐ EHW MRV YLVRV URGRV
NULWR DQW -XUJXþLR JDOYRV LU VDYR VSLQGXOLDLV YDUVW¡ ãLUG³ NDLS NDODYLMDLV ,ã WR QHULPR SDWV QHåLQR NDLS
þLD DWVLWLNR NDG VYLUGXOLXRGDPDV QX¡MR ³ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP LU LãPDLQ¡ SDVDJDV VX âHãHOJD ³
SXVNYRUW
GHJWLQ¡V
.DV G¡MRVL NDUþHPRMH -XUJXWLV QLHNR QHåLQRMR LãYDU\WDV ³ SULHPHQ
 -LV JRGåLDL J¡U¡ GHJWLQ

VX VDYR DãDURPLV NXULRV NDLS XJQLV GHJLQR LU QLHNR NLWR QHQRU¡MR WLNWDL SUDVPHJWL NLDXUDL åHP
LU
YLVN XåPLUãWL %HW QLHNR QHXåPLUãR LU NLDXUDL åHP
QHSUDVPHJR WLN EXUEXOLXRGDPDV GHJWLQ
 SDMXWR
NDLS YLVNDV DSOLQNXL VXNDVL ² NDUþHPD PDOÌQDV NDOY¡ -XUJD VX MDXQLNLX R WLH REXROPXãLDL NLUVGDPL
NDQRSRPLV OHNLD WLHVLDL DQW MR O\J VXPLQGåLRWL QRU¡GDPL 7DGD -XUJXWLV WLNWDL VXVL¡P¡ Xå JDOYRV LU
JULXYR QXVLULVGDPDV þLD SDW ³ SDVXRO

.DV WROLDX EXYR -XUJXWLV QLHNR QHåLQRMR NULW
V NDLS QHJ\YDV $WVLSHLN¡MR WLNWDL SDU\þLX NDL
VX WULXNãPX ³JULXYR SUR GXULV 3LQþXNDV 7DGD -XUJXWLV M³ SLUP NDUW SDPDW¡ YLVD YHOQLãND EDLV\EH VX
UDJDLV LU NDQRSRPLV 7RNV EDLVXV LU SDNODLN
V Lã SLUPR åYLOJVQLR SDVLURG¡
%HW WDGD -XUJXWLV QHVS¡MR JHUDL ³ M³ ³VLåLÌU¡WL QHV SDWV EXYR EDLVLDL LãVLJDQG
V R LU 3LQþXNDV
QHSDSUDVWDL VNXELQRVL -LV ³O¡N
V ³ NDUþHP QXYHUW¡ QXR VXROR PLHJDQW³ âHãHOJ SDJULHE¡ Lã MR
SDãRQ¡V GYLNDUW
 SULNLPãW ãLDXGÐ þLD SDW MXRV LãNUDW¡ DSYHUVGDPDV MDLV -XUJXW³ OHQGDQW³ Lã SDVXRO¡V
R SDVNXL SDVLJULHE¡ Lã NDPDURV JLUW 5DXS³ ³VLNLãR M³ ³ PDLã LU LãO¡N¡ NDLS DNLV LãGHJ
V
9LVD YHOQLR ODLP¡ NDG MLV OHQNW\QLXRGDPDV VX *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDLV SDPHW¡ WDERNLQ
LU
ODLNX MRV SDVLJHG
V Lã¡MR LHãNRWL 3ULH $NORMR HåHUR DONÌQ¡V DWUDGR VDYR WDERNLQ
LU SDPDW¡ SUR DXãU
DWOHNLDQW³ *LUGYDLQ³ VX -XUJD 9RV VS¡MR Lã NHOLR SDVLWUDXNWL EÌWÐ M³ *LUGYDLQLV VXYDåLQ¡M
V LU SHUQLHN
EÌWÐ QX¡M
V YLVDV VXVLWDULPDV VX DUNOLDYDJLX 7DGD MLV EH NYDSR DWO¡N¡ ³ NDUþHP LU LãVLQHã¡ GYLNDUW¡MH
5DXS³ ³ âYHQGXEU
 NDG SDYRJWÐ *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV
9RV QHSDWUÌNR 3LQþXNDV NRO DWQHã¡ JLUW NDLS PDLã DUNOLDYDJ³ ³ âYHQGXEU
LU QXVLOHLGR VX MXR
SULH EDåQ\þLRV *HUDL GDU NDG 5DXS\V QHãDPDV SDGHEHVLDLV SUDVLEODLY¡ LãNUDW\WDV Lã PDLãR WXRMDX
VXVLYRN¡ LU ãRNR SULH REXROPXãLÐ %HW LU WDGD YDUJX DU EÌWÐ SDY\N
V MÐ VXPDQ\PDV MHL XåVLPLHJRM
V
NOHERQDV %RQLIDFDV %RELQDV VX VDYR SRWHULDLV QHEÌWÐ XåWUXN
V SULLPWL XåVDNÐ 1LHNDLV EÌWÐ QX¡M

YLVRV YHOQLR LU DUNOLDYDJLR SDVWDQJRV QHV *LUGYDLQLV VX QXRWDND EÌWÐ VS¡M

V SR XåVDNÐ LãO¡NWL Lã
âYHQGXEU¡V VX VDYR REXROPXãLDLV NDLS Y¡MR VSDUQDLV .XU M³ WDGD EHSDJDXVL LU NDLS SDYRJVL
obuolmušius?
2 -XUJXWLV WDGD QLHNR QHåLQRMR WLNWDL EDLVLDL LãVLJDQG
V NDSVW¡VL Lã ãLDXGÐ O³VGDPDV Lã
SDVXRO¡V QHVXSUDVGDPDV NDV þLD GDURVL VDSQXRMD DU YDLGHQDVL" âHãHOJD SDPDW
V M³ EHVLNDSVWDQW GDU
ODELDX QXVLJDQGR 2 3LQþXNDV VX PDLãX DQW SHþLÐ VSUXNR ODXNDQ NDG QHW GXULV LãYHUW¡
 ² 7IX WIX WIX ² QXVLVSLRY¡ âHãHOJD NDG GLHJO\V ãRQDQ Lã WRV LãJVWLHV QH³VLPHVWÐ -LV QH
WLHN QXVLJDQGR NDG 3LQþXNDV LãVLQHã¡ PDLãH DUNOLDYDJ³ EHW NDG DQWUDV YHOQLDV NDSVWRVL Lã ãLDXGÐ
QXVLQHãWL M³ SDW³
³ SUDJDU
%HW SDPDW
V -XUJXW³ DWVLSHLN¡MR LU QXVLNHLN¡
² $N WDL WX þLD JLUWXRNOL SR VXRODLV YROLRMLHVL ² VXULNR DQW -XUJXþLR LU VXWUHSV¡MR O\J ³
XRGHJ ³JHOWDV ² /DXN JUHLþLDX Lã NDUþHPRV
-XUJXWLV LU SDWV VSUXNR SUR LãYHUVWDV GXULV QLHNR QHODXNGDPDV EHW DWVLSHLN¡M
V âHãHOJD VXODLN¡
M³ WDUSGXU\MH Xå VNYHUQÐ
² 3DODXN ² WDU¡ SULJUDVLQGDPDV ² -HL EHQW YLHQ åRG³ NDP SUDVLWDUVL N PDWHL LU JLUG¡MDL
WDL LU WDYH YHOQLDV SDJULHEV LU QXVLQHã ³ SUDJDU
3HUVLJDQG
V -XUJXWLV WLNWDL SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ âHãHOJ SDNODLNXVLRPLV DNLPLV LU åLRSWHO¡MR YLVDL
QHWHNGDPDV åDGR 3DVNXL LãWUÌN
V Lã NDUþHPLQLQNR UDQNÐ SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL SHU ODXNXV NXU DN\V PDWR
$N QHåLQRMR WDGD -XUJXWLV NDG 3LQþXNDV QXVLQHã¡ 5DXS³ QH ³ SUDJDU R ³ âYHQGXEU
 NDG
SDYRJWÐ *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV LU -XUJ SUDåXG\WÐ -HL EÌWÐ åLQRM
V WDL QLHNR QHSDLV\GDPDV ² QHL
LãJVWLHV QHL VLDXER ² EÌWÐ SLUPD YHOQLR LU DUNOLDYDJLR QXO¡N
V ³ âYHQGXEU
LU LãJHOE¡M
V -XUJ NXUL
Xå YLVN MDP EXYR EUDQJHVQ¡
%HW WDGD -XUJXWLV LãWUÌN
V Lã NDUþHPRV QHVXVLYRN¡ QHL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR QHL NXU MDP SDþLDP
GLQJWL QXR YLVR WR NODLNXPR 7DL LU QX¡MR SHU ODXNXV SDWV QHåLQRGDPDV NXU HLQD 1H WLHN EXYR EDLVX
NDG YHOQLDV M³ SDJULHEWÐ LU QXVLQHãWÐ ³ SUDJDU WHJX MDX QHãD NDG QRUL YLV WLN MLV QHWXUL NXU G¡WLV NLHN
JUDXGX LU EDLVLDL J¡GD NDG Lã YDNDUR DSVLYRJ¡ LU SUDJ¡U¡ GYL SRUDV SDVDJÐ .DLS WDL JDO¡MR DWVLWLNWL
-XUJXWLV QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL 1HEHQW LU þLD YHOQLDV SDVLPDLã¡ LU M³ VXJXQG¡" .DLS GDEDU JU³ãL QDPR LU
SDåLÌU¡VL NDOYLXL ³ DNLV"
Bet ir visa tai buvo tik vienas niekas, prisiminus, kad daugiau nebepamatys Jurgos,
VNUDLGDQþLRV SDHåHU¡PLV QHLãJLUV MRV VNDPEDQþLR MXRNR .DLS WDGD J\YHQVL" 3DHåHU¡V DPåLQDL VXWHPV
NDLS QDNW³ R PDOÌQDV DQW NDOQR SHUVHNLRV NDLS ãP¡NOD VDYR DWVLPLQLPDLV .XU WDGD GLQJVL"
7DLS EDLVX Q\NX LU JUDXGX -XUJXþLXL SDVLGDU¡ NDG MLV LãWUÌN
V Lã NDUþHPRV DSVLVXNR ³
SULHãLQJ SXV
LU QX¡MR NXU DN\V PDWR 2 NXU MLV ¡MR ² SDWV QHåLQRMR WLNWDL WROLDX QXR WR NUDãWR NXU M³
NDQNLQR EDLVXV QXVLY\OLPDV LU VåLQ¡V JUDXåLPDV
7DLS LU QX¡MR -XUJXWLV SHU ODXNXV YHQJGDPDV NHOLR LU WDNR QLHNDP QLHNR QHSDVDN
V N PDW¡
LU åLQRMR QHV Lã WR VLDXER VLHOYDUWR LU VXVLJUDXåLPR YLVLãNDL QHWHNR åDGR LU QHJDO¡MR åRGåLR LãWDUWL
WLNWDL ãQLUSãþLRMR LU P\N¡ NDåN SR QRVLPL O\J NÌNþLRGDPDV QHVXODLNRPRPLV DãDURPLV
2 NDOYLV QH WLHN SDVDJÐ LU QHSDVWHE¡MR NDG GYL SRURV EÌWÐ Lã NUÌYRV GLQJXVLRV NLHN MR SDWLHV
SDVLJHGR .ODXVLQ¡MR åPRQLÐ DU NDV MR QHPDW¡ LU QHVXWLNR EHW QLHNDV QLHNR DSLH M³ QHåLQRMR WDUVL MLV
EÌWÐ YDQGHQ\MH GLQJ
V .DOYLV LU VS¡OLRMR DU WLN -XUJXWLV QHQXVLVNDQGLQR Lã WRV SDNYDLãXVLRV PHLO¡V
EHW HåHUR YDQGXR MR SDVODSWLHV QHLãGDY¡
7DLS LU GLQJR -XUJXWLV QHåLQLD NXU Lã 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR 3HUJ\YHQWDV VLDXEDV M³ YLV WROLDX LU
WROLDX YDU¡ NRO MLV SDJDOLDX QXNO\GR VX VDYR VLHOYDUWX ³ QHåLQRPXV SDVYLHþLXV NXU åPRQ¡V M³ SUL¡P¡
NDLS QHE\O³ NYDLOLXN LU SDVLJDLO¡MR 7LN MLV SDWV QLHNXU QHJDO¡MR UDVWL UDP\E¡V

XXVII

2 %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQH LU QDPXRVH SR WÐ QHODLPLQJÐ XåVDNÐ ãLXUSX LU Q\NX SDVLGDU¡ WDUVL MLH
EÌWÐ XåVDN
QHLãYHQJLDP QHODLP
 NXULRV GLHQD Lã GLHQRV UHLNLD ODXNWL
%DOWDUDJLV MRV LU ODXN¡ YLVDL SUDåLOGDPDV LU VXOLQNGDPDV WDU\WXP QHSDNHOLDP QDãW
QHãGDPDV 'XNW¡ NDLS SDU¡MR W GLHQ Lã âYHQGXEU¡V QHW W¡YXL QLHNR QHSDVDN¡ XåVLGDU¡ VHNO\þLRMH LU
SUDYLUNR WDLS JUDXGåLDL NDLS GDU QLHNDGD QHYHUN¡ 7ULV VDYDLWHV YHUN¡ VDYR PHUJDXWLQHV DãDUDV
åLÌU¡GDPD SUR ODQJ LU YLV ODXNGDPD
7¡YDV ODEDL JDLO¡MRVL GXNWHUV MRV DãDURV NDLS DNPHQV NULWR DQW MR åLORV JDOYRV EHW MLV QHåLQRMR
QHL N SDþLDP GDU\WL QHL NDLS M QXUDPLQWL 1HSDNHOGDPDV MRV JUDXGåLÐ DãDUÐ QH NDUW QRU¡MR
SULVLSDåLQWL LU SDVDN\WL VDYR SDVODSW³ EHW åRGåLDL SDW\V XåVSULQJGDYR LU MLV YLVDV VXJQLXåGDYR QXR VDYR
SDVODSWLHV VXQNXPR . þLD EHGDU\WL ² QHLãPDQ¡ åLOD JDOYD
3UD¡MR DQWUL LU WUHWL XåVDNDL GXNW¡ YLV YHUN¡ LU ODXN¡ R MDXQLNLV YLV QHJU³åR -LV NODLGåLRMR SR
YLV DS\OLQN
 WDUWXP MR JDOYD EÌWÐ VXVLVXNXVL LU MLV QHåLQRWÐ QHL NXU HLWL QHL NXU GLQJWL 9LHQL M³ EXYR
PDW
DQW YLHQR NHOLR NLWL VXWLN
DQW NLWR NHOLR YLVÐ MLV NODXVLQ¡MR DU QHPDW¡ REXROPXãLÐ åLUJÐ R DSLH
QXRWDN Q¡ NDUWR QHXåVLPLQ¡ WDUVL EÌWÐ M YLVDL XåPLUã
V
² 1HYHUN GXNUHOH ² P¡JLQR %DOWDUDJLV JXRVWL VDYR GXNU QRUV SDWV QHWHNR YLOWLHV ² VXUDV
MDXQLNLV VDYR DUNOLXV LU VXJU³ã SDV WDYH
7DGD SLUP NDUW -XUJRV DN\V LãGåLÌYR VXåDLEDYR WRNLX LãGLGXPX NXULV WLNWDL WDGD åPRJÐ
pagauna, kada pats save nugali.
² 1HUHLNLD ² DWVDN¡ ML W¡YXL ² PDQ GDXJLDX WRNLR MDXQLNLR NXULV G¡O VDYR DUNOLÐ PDQH
SDPHW¡
1HåLQRMR W¡YDV DU DSVLGåLDXJWL DU QXOLÌVWL G¡O WRNLRV GXNWHUV SHUPDLQRV DWVLGXVR WLNWDL LU
JUDXGXPDV ãLUG³ VXVSDXG¡
² 'XNUHOH PDQR QDãODLW¡OH PDQR ² SDJORVW¡ MRV JDOY ² 7DL Dã YLV NDOWDV
7DGD %DOWDUDJLV EÌWÐ LãGDY
V GXNUDL VDYR SDVODSW³ EHW GHJLQDQþLRV DãDURV NXULDV MLV VWHQJ¡VL
SDVO¡SWL QXR GXNWHUV DW¡P¡ MDP åDG
² 1LHNDV QHNDOWDV ² DWVDN¡ GXNW¡ JXRVGDPD W¡Y ² 1HOHPWD PDQ ODLPLQJDL EÌWL WDL LU
nereikia.
² 1H GXNUHOH QH ² QHVXWLNR W¡YDV ² 7XUL EÌWL WX ODLPLQJD QHV NLWDLS Dã VDYR VLHOYDUWR
nepakelsiu.
-XUJDL SDJDLOR VDYR QHODLPLQJR W¡YR MRV DN\V QXãYLWR EHJDOLQH PHLOH LU ML DSVLNDELQR MR åLO
JDOY
² 1XVLUDPLQN W¡YHOL ² SDVDN¡ ² 6X WDYLP Dã YLVDGD ODLPLQJD EÌVLX
7RNV GXNWHUV MDXWUXPDV GDU ODELDX SULVO¡J¡ W¡Y EHW MLV QLHNR GDXJLDX MDL QHSDVDN¡ QHV MDX
WXR SDVLJXRG¡ NDG ML EHQW NLHN QXVLUDPLQR
1XR WR ODLNR YHQJ¡ DEXGX SULVLPLQWL *LUGYDLQ³ LU MR REXROPXãLXV åLUJXV 7DU\WXP MLV EÌWÐ
WLNWDL SUDYDåLDY
V SUR ãDO³ LU QHW DWPLQLPR QHSDOLN
V
7DLS SUD¡MR UXGXR GDUJDQRWDV Y¡MXRWDV DW¡MR åLHPD VXNGDPD Y¡SÌWLQLXV DSLH PDOÌQ LU
JLUJåGLQGDPD VSDUQXV NXULH MDX VHQLDL QHVLVXNR ,ã SUDGåLÐ åPRQ¡V YHQJGDPL QHODLPLQJRV YLHWRV
SDW\V QHYDåLDYR ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ R SDVNXL SDWV %DOWDUDJLV SULVO¡JWDV VDYR UÌSHVþLÐ åPRQ¡PV
SDVDN¡ NDG PDOÌQDV VXJHG
V R MLV SDVHQ
V LU QHåLQV NDGD JDO¡V M³ SDWDLV\WL
äPRQ¡V SDWLN¡MR LU YDåLDYR ³ DSOLQNLQLXV PDOÌQXV QH NDUW DSJDLO¡GDPL %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
NXULV VWRY¡MR NDLS ãP¡NOD DQW VXVWLQJXVLR HåHUR SDNULÌW¡V LU URG¡V ODXN¡ SDYDVDULR NDGD JDO¡V SDNLOWL
ir nuskristi.
3DYDVDULV GDU EXYR Xå NDOQÐ LU OLÌGQD EXYR NODXV\WL åYDUELÐ Y¡MÐ NXULH NDXN¡ SUR DSOHLVWR
PDOÌQR VSDUQXV 7LNWDL YLHQDV %DOWDUDJLV SHU GLHQDV XåVLGDU
V EÌGDYR PDOÌQH . MLV WHQ YHLN¡ QHW
GXNW¡ QHåLQRMR 2 Lã WLNUÐMÐ QLHNR QHYHLN¡ WLNWDL JDOYRMR YLHQ LU W SDW³ NDLS LãSLUNWL VDYR NDOW
LU
SDPDW\WL GXNU ODLPLQJ
6XSUDWR %DOWDUDJLV NDG VDYR NDOW
² W GåLDXJVPR PLUNVQ³ ² EXYR VX NDXSX LãSLUN
V YLVR
VDYR J\YHQLPR åPRJXL QHSDNHOLDPD NDQþLD EHW QHåLQRMR NDLS SDãDOLQWL MRV ãHã¡O³ QXR GXNWHUV JDOYRV
NXUL P\O¡MR YLVD VDYR VLHOYDUWR JDO\EH .DUWDLV MDP SDVLYDLGHQGDYR ãLDXUDXV Y¡MR NDXNLPH
*LUGYDLQLR DUNOLÐ åYHQJLPDV LU MLV VXG¡GDYR YLVDV YLOWLV ³ åHQW NXULV SDJDOLDX DWYDåLXRV LU LãJHOE¡V
GXNWHU³ 7LN WD YLOWLPL LU J\YHQR %DOWDUDJLV
/DXN¡ DWYDåLXRMDQW *LUGYDLQLR LU -XUJD QRUV LU EXYR MR LãVLåDG¡MXVL 'DåQDL QDNWLPLV LU MDL
SULVLVDSQXRGDYR REXROPXãLÐ DUNOLÐ åYHQJLPDV NXULV DUW¡GDYR LU VWDLJD GLQJGDYR 7DGD ML SDPDW\GDYR
*LUGYDLQ³ NU\åNHO¡VH YLHQSODXN³ åYDUELÐ Y¡MÐ EODãNRP LU MDL SULVLVDSQXRGDYR SDYDVDULR DXGUD NXUL
M åDLEDLV SULNHOGDYR %HW WLH åDLEDL WUDQN¡VL WLNWDL -XUJRV ãLUG\MH
2 ODXNXRVH YLV GDU VLDXW¡MR åLHPRV SÌJD LU åYDUEÌV Y¡MDL NDXN¡ DSOLQN VHNO\þLRV ODQJXV %HW
MÐ NDXNLPH -XUJRV ãLUGLV JLUG¡MR DUW¡MDQW³ SDYDVDU³ LU ML QHW SDWL VDX QHGU³VGDPD SULVLSDåLQWL YLVD
ãLUGLPL ³WLN¡MR NDG QHWUXNXV VXJULDXG¡V SDYDVDULR DXGUD WRMH DXGURMH VXåYHQJV REXROPXãLDL åLUJDL LU
DWO¡NV NDLS Y¡MR VSDUQDLV MRV MDXQLNLV NXULR ML QHW LU QRU¡GDPD QHJDO¡MR XåPLUãWL
7DLS ODXN¡ ML YLVD ãLUGLPL *LUGYDLQLR LU MLV JDO EÌW WDL QXMDXW¡ EHW QHJDO¡MR JU³åWL SDV VDYR
QXRWDN EH REXROPXãLÐ åLUJÐ YLVR VDYR EHUQ\VW¡V SDVLGLGåLDYLPR 7DL LU NODLGåLRMR UXGHQV GDUJDQRVH
LU åLHPRV SÌJRVH YLVDLV NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV LHãNRGDPDV VDYR REXROPXãLÐ LU QLHNXU MÐ QHVXUDVGDPDV
WLNWDL YLV ODLN JLUG¡GDPDV MÐ åYHQJLP NXULV LU NODLGLQR *LUGYDLQ³
7DL N þLD JDO¡MR SDGDU\WL SDPHVWD QXRWDND"

XXVIII

3DJDOLDX $QXSUXL SDJDLOR *LUGYDLQLR LU MLV Lã¡MR LHãNRWL MR NU\åNHO¡VH 2EXROPXãLÐ YLV WLHN
QHVXUDVL UHLNLD JHOE¡WL EHQW WDL N GDU JDOLPD LãJHOE¡WL EÌWHQW SDW³ *LUGYDLQ³ NXULV YLVDL JDOYRV
neteko per tuos savo arklius.
1XR WR U\WR NDL LãE¡JR MLV Lã EDåQ\þLRV WDUVL åHP¡ EÌWÐ XåVLGHJXVL SR MR NRMRPLV ODNVW¡
SXOGLQ¡MR ³ YLVDV SXVHV YLVXU JLUG¡GDPDV VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP LU QLHNXU MÐ QHVXUDVGDPDV ,U NXU
WX MXRV VXUDVL MHLJX 5DXS\V NDL SDþLXSR MXRV WDLS LU QXGÌP¡ WLHVLDL
³ 3UÌVXV QLHNXU QHVXVWRGDPDV QHL
DWVLNY¡SGDPDV
 *LUGYDLQLV WDLS SDW QH NDUW EXYR QX¡M
V OLJL 3UÌVÐ LU DWJDO VXJU³å
V YLVXU NODXVLQ¡GDPDV DU
NDV QHPDW¡ MR DUNOLÐ EHW åPRQ¡V WLNWDL SHþLDLV WUDXN¡ ² QHL PDW¡ QHL JLUG¡MR 2 NDL *LUGYDLQLV
SUDG¡GDYR VPXONLDL SDVDNRWL NDLS DWURG
MR DUNOLDL ² YLHVXODL EXY
 R QH DUNOLDL ² WDGD åPRQ¡V
³WDULDPDL åYLOJWHOGDYR ³ *LUGYDLQ³ LU QXVLJU³å
SLUãWX VDX ³ NDNW SDEDUEHQGDYR 0DW\W QH YLVL QDPLH
WDP åPRJXL ² SDJDOYRGDYR LU DWVWRGDYR
%HW *LUGYDLQLV LOJLDX YLHQRMH YLHWRMH QHXåWUXNGDYR QHW LU NODXVLQ¡GDPDV DSLH VDYR DUNOLXV
QHV þLD SDW EHNDOEDQW VXåYHQJGDYR NXULRMH QRUV SXV¡MH R MLV NUÌSWHO¡M
V ³VLNODXV\GDYR LU QXGURåGDYR
QLHNR QHVDN
V WLHVLDL SHU ODXNXV WHQ NXU WDV åYHQJLPDV SDVLJLUVGDYR 7DL NXU þLD QHSDDEHMRVL NDG WDP
åPRJXL JDOYRMH QHJHUDL R QH SDYRJWÐ DUNOLÐ UHLNDODV"
1LHNDV NLWDV QHJLUG¡MR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLDQW WLNWDL MLV YLHQDV QHV LU åYHQJ¡ Lã
WLNUÐMÐ WLNWDL MR DXV\VH LU PLQW\VH 7RG¡O LU VXNRVL O\J XåNHU¡WDV XåEXUWDPH UDWH QHUDVGDPDV LãHLWLHV
$QXSUDV WLN¡MRVL NDG MDP JDO SDVLVHNV SHUNDOE¡WL *LUGYDLQ³ DWVXNWL MR VXVXNW JDOY LU
VXJUåLQWL SDJDOLDX ³ QDPXV R JDO LU SDV QXRWDN NXUL ODXNLD MR LU QHVXODXNLD
%DåQ\þLRMH MDX VHQLDL SUD¡MR XåVDNDL VPDLOLQGDPL SLNWXV åPRQLÐ OLHåXYLXV LU VNOHLVGDPL
YLVRNLDV SDVNDODV *LUGYDLQLR QHODLP¡ QHVXåDGLQR åPRQLÐ ãLUG\VH XåXRMDXWRV R WLNWDL SLNW SDãDLS
7ÌODV QHW SDNHO¡MH VXWLN
V QHODLPLQJ MDXQLN³ QHLãN
VGDY
V LU WLHVLDL ³ DNLV SDVLW\þLRGDY
V
² 7DL YLV GDU LHãNDL VDYR DUNOLÐ" ² QHYD SDNODXVGDY
V ² 2 WDYR MDXQRML JLUG¡MDX WDY
V
nesulaukdama, jau su kitu rengiasi vestuves kelti.
² 7HJX VDX NHOLD ² Lã SUDGåLÐ DWVDN\GDYR *LUGYDLQLV R SDVNXL NDL VXSUDWR NDG Lã MR
W\þLRMDVL SLNWDL G¡EWHOGDYR DNLPLV LU QXHLGDYR VDYR NHOLDLV QLHNR QHDWVDN
V
,U *LUGYDLQLV MXR WROLDX MXR GDXJLDX DWãLDXUHVQLV LU QLDXUHVQLV GDU¡VL 3DUEORNãWDV VDYR
QHODLP¡V QHDWUDGR åPRQ¡VH QHL ãLUGLHV QHL VXSUDWLPR QHL XåXRMDXWRV R WLNWDL SLNW SDãDLS LU
SDVLW\þLRMLP WRG¡O QXR YLVÐ QXVLJU³åR LU ³ NLHNYLHQ åLÌU¡MR VX QHSDVLWLN¡MLPX WDU\WXP YLVL åPRQ¡V
EÌWÐ VXWDUWLQDL SDYRJ
MR DUNOLXV LU M³ LãYDU
NODLGåLRWL NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV
7DGD MLV SUDG¡MR QHDSN
VWL YLVÐ åPRQLÐ LU åLÌU¡WL ³ MXRV NDLS ³ YDJLÐ EHQGULQLQNXV 'DEDU MDX
QHNODXVLQ¡GDY
V DU NDV QHPDW¡ MR DUNOLÐ R MHLJX NDV M³ SDNODXVGDY
V QHW VX XåXRMDXWD MLV SLNWDL
DWãDXGDY
V
² 2 NDV WDX GDUER" ² LU QXHLGDY
V NDLS EDLG\NO¡
-LV GDEDU JHUDL åLQRMR NDG åPRQ¡V QLHNR MDP QHSDG¡V WLNWDL JDLãLQV LU ãDLS\VLV WRG¡O Lã WROR MÐ
YHQJ¡ LU ³ MRNLDV NDOEDV QHVLOHLGR -HLJX LãDON
V LU XåNO\VGDYR NXU ³ QDPXV ² VDYR QDPXV YLVLãNDL
XåPLUãR WDUVL MÐ EÌWÐ LU QHWXU¡M
V ² WDL YDOJ
V QHYDOJ
V WXRMDX LãHLGDYR QHL DþLÌ QHSDVDN
V .XU MLV
QDNYRGDYR QXR VSHLJR GDUJDQRV SDVLVO¡SGDYR åPRQ¡V LU QHåLQRMR -³ JDOLPD EXYR VXWLNWL YLVDGD ²
GLHQ DU QDNW³ ² NXU QRUV SDNHO¡MH HLQDQW³ VX VDYLP NDåLQ N NDOEDQW³ LU QLHNR QHPDWDQW³
1HJDO¡GDPDV VX åPRQ¡PLV DSLH VDYR QHODLP
NDOE¡WL SDWV VX VDYLP NDOE¡MRVL SDWV NODXVGDPDV LU SDWV
DWVDN\GDPDV WDU\WXP QH YLHQDV åPRJXV EÌWÐ EHW GX Lã NDUWR
7DL LU $QXSUXL VX MXR VXVLWLNXV QHOHQJYD EXYR VXVLNDOE¡WL 3DPDW¡ M³ $QXSUDV NHOLX QXR
*LUQLQNÐ DWHLQDQW³ 6XVWRMR åLÌUL LU SDåLQWL QHJDOL ² N åPRJXV SDYLUW
V 1H åPRJXV MDX EHW WLN
åPRJDXV ãHã¡OLV %ÌWÐ SUD¡M
V SUR ãDO³ QHL $QXSUR QHSDVWHE¡M
V .XU WRNV DUNOLXV VXUDV 7RNLDP WLNWDL
VX YDUQRP ³ GDXVDV O¡NWL
² 6YLHWHOL WX PDQR PDUJDV ² QXVWHER $QXSUDV² (LQD SUR ãDO³ LU QHW QHSDVLåLÌUL
² 2 NR Dã ³ WDYH åLÌU¡VLX" ² DWVDN¡ QHDWVLJU
åGDPDV *LUGYDLQLV
² $UJL MDX PDQ
V QHSDå³VWL" ² SDNODXV¡ $QXSUDV
² 2 NDV WX WRNV" ² JU³åWHO¡MR *LUGYDLQLV SLNWDL åYLOJWHOGDPDV ³ $QXSU
² 7DL GDEDU LU JDQD ² QH WLHN VWHE¡MRVL NLHN *LUGYDLQLR JDLO¡MRVL $QXSUDV ² 7DYH Y\UXWL
WDL WLNUDL VXQNX EHSDåLQWL 2 Dã ² NRNV EXYDX WRNV LU HVX $UJL MDX $QXSUR QHDWVLPHQL"
² $WVLPHQX ² OLÌGQDL DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV NDåN JDOYRGDPDV 3DVNXL NLHN SDW\O¡M
V O\J
DSJDLOHVWDXGDPDV SULG¡MR ² .DP PHV WDGD YDåLDYRPH $QXSUDL SDV W SUDNHLNW PHUJ"
— Kaip tai kam? — nesuprato iš karto Anupras. — Ogi pats sakei, kad su tokiais arkliais nors
LU SDVDXOLR JDOH R WXULPH VXUDVWL VDYM PHUJ .R JL QRUL ² VXUDGRPH
² .DV Lã WR NDG VXUDGRPH R DUNOLXV SUDUDGRPH ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV NDåNXU ³ WROXP
åLÌU¡GDPDV
— 0DW\W WDLS MDX OHPWD EXYR ²åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ *LUGYDLQ³ SHUWDU¡ $QXSUDV ² . GDEDU
SDGDU\VL" $UED DUNOLDL DUED PHUJD 2 G¡O WRNLRV ãDXQLRV PHUJLQRV QHW LU WDYR REXROPXãLÐ QHJDLOD
Antros tokios visame pasaulyje nesurasi.
² %HW WRNLÐ LU DQWUÐ DUNOLÐ ² SHUWDU¡ *LUGYDLQLV
² .DV WLHVD WDL WLHVD ² SULWDU¡ $QXSUDV ² %HW YLV G¡OWR åPRJXV WDL QH DUNO\V 1HJL GDEDU
G¡O DUNOLÐ Lã SDVDXOLR NUDXVW\VLHVL"
 ² .DG PDQ QLHNDV GDXJLDX SDVDXO\MH QHEHPLHOD ² DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV
² 1XNDOE¡MDL GDEDU LU JDQD ² VXEDU¡ M³ $QXSUDV ² $ã VHQDV R LU WDL NDL SDVLåLÌULX ²
YLVNDV PDQR DN³ WUDXNLD YLVNDV ãLUG³ GåLXJLQD QHW WDV SDNHO¡V DNPHQ¡OLV 3ULV¡VNLPH DQW MR
SDNDOE¡VLPH JDO LU VXVLWDUVLPH
$QXSUDV SULV¡GR DQW DNPHQV R *LUGYDLQLV åLÌU¡MR O\J DEHMRGDPDV O\J QHSDVLWLN¡GDPDV
² 6¡VN ² GDU NDUW SDVDN¡ $QXSUDV ² .R þLD GDEDU GDLUDLVL"
*LUGYDLQLV O\J QHQRURPLV SULV¡GR DQW DNPHQV NUDãWHOLR 7DLS NXU³ ODLN DEXGX LU V¡G¡MR
W\O¡GDPL $QXSUDV åLÌU¡MR ³ *LUGYDLQ³ LU MDP WDLS JUDXGX SDVLGDU¡ NDG MLV QHW åRGåLÐ SULWUÌNR SDJXRVWL
DU QXUDPLQWL R *LUGYDLQLV VXNDQG
V GDQWLV W\O¡MR LU åLÌU¡MR ³ åHP
SR VDYR NRMRPLV
² 7DL YD ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ $QXSUDV R N SDVDN\WL QRU¡MR LU SDWV QHåLQRMR 7LN SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³
*LUGYDLQLR VXQ\NXV³ YHLG LU VXVLWLNR VX MR GHJDQþLRPLV DNLPLV *LUGYDLQLV LUJL SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ $QXSU
O\J NDåN LãJLUVWL QRU¡GDPDV %HW $QXSUDV SDVLåLÌU¡M
V WLN WLHN SDVDN¡ ² 8åWHNV WDX NODLGåLRWL
(LVLPH QDPR R SDVNXL LU SDV M QXYDåLXRVLPH -L YLV GDU WDY
V ODXNLD
² .DV Lã WR NDG ML PDQ
V ODXNLD ² OLÌGQDL DWVDN¡ *LUGYDLQLV ² .RO QHVXUDVLX VDYR
REXROPXãLÐ WRO QHJDO¡VLX SDV M QXYDåLXRWL .DLS Dã EH MÐ QXYDåLXRVLX" ² QHåPRQLãNDV VLHOYDUWDV
VXVLPDLã
V VX EHJDOLQLX LOJHVLX SUDVNDPE¡MR MR EDOVH ² .DLS MDL ³ DNLV SDåLÌU¡VLX" ,U N SDVDN\VLX"
1HVS¡MR $QXSUDV åRGåLR SHUWDUWL NDL *LUGYDLQLV VWDLJD SDãRNR ³VLNODXV¡ LU EHYHLN WHNLQDV
SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL NHOLX WDUVL NDåN Y\GDPDVLV
$N WDL MLV Y¡O QXVLYLMR WDULDP VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP
1XVWHE
V $QXSUDV QHVS¡MR QHL MR VXODLN\WL QHL SDãDXNWL âDXN QHãDXN
V YLV WLHN QHSULãDXNVL
%HW $QXSUDV Q¡ QHP¡JLQR MR SULVLãDXNWL LU VXODLN\WL 3DWV VDYR DNLPLV SDPDW¡ NDG *LUGYDLQ³ LãWLNR
GDXJ GLGHVQ¡ QHODLP¡ QHJX REXROPXãLÐ SUDåXYLPDV 3DNLO
V QXR DNPHQV QX¡MR SDPDå¡OH
JDOYRGDPDV DUJL MDX QHE¡UD WRNLRMH QHODLP¡MH SDJDOERV" ,U $QXSUDV VX YLVX VDYR VHQÐ PHWÐ
XåVLVS\ULPX SDVLU\åR VXUDVWL W SDJDOE
2 *LUGYDLQLV WROLDX QXNO\GR QHåLQRPDLV NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV YLVÐ Y¡MÐ EODãNRPDV QHV WÐ Y¡MÐ
VXRNLPH MLV LãJLUVGDYR VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP LU YLVN SDVDXO\MH XåPLUãGDYR 1HW LU W NXULRV SHU
VHSW\QLDV P\OLDV DSOLQNXL LHãNRMR R VXUDG
V G¡O VDYR DUNOLÐ SDPHW¡ SDOLNR ODXNLDQþL QHVXODXNLDQþL
YHUNLDQþL LU NHLNLDQþL EHW YLV QHJDOLQþL LãVLåDG¡WL VDYR MDXQLNLR NXULV VDYR REXROPXãLDLV SDWUDXN¡
MRV ãLUG³ LU LãVNODLG¡ EXUWXV QXR MRV NHOLR %HW QHJDO¡MR LU *LUGYDLQLV EH WÐ VDYR REXROPXãLÐ QXYDåLXRWL
SDV VDYR QXRWDN QRUV YLVD ãLUGLPL EXYR MRV SDVLLOJ
V
.DGD JL WX *LUGYDLQL VXJDXVL VDYR REXROLXRWXRVLXV NDGD QXO¡NVL VX MDLV NDLS VX Y¡MR VSDUQDLV
SDV VDYR QXRWDN"

XXIX

3R QHSDY\NXVLR VXVLWLNLPR VX *LUGYDLQLX $QXSUDV QX¡MR QH DWJDO ³ VDYR NDLP EHW SDVXNR
NHOLX 3DXGUXY¡V OLQN
,ã *LUGYDLQLR SDVLLOJLPR NXULV SDVLJLUGR MR EDOVH NDL MLHGX SDNHO¡MH DQW DNPHQV V¡G¡MR
$QXSUDV VXSUDWR NXU EÌWÐ JDOLPD UDVWL SDJDOERV SULHã *LUGYDLQ³ LãWLNXVL QHODLP
LU NDV JDO¡WÐ QXLPWL
XåNHU¡MLP QXR MR JDOYRV QXVWHOEWL REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP LU M³ VXJUåLQWL ³ QDPXV Lã EHUJåGåLÐ
NODLGåLRMLPÐ NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV
7DL VXSUDW
V $QXSUDV OHQJYLDX DWVLGXVR LU QRUV SDYDUJ
V EXYR NRO VXUDGR *LUGYDLQ³ EHW
SDVLU\åR QHDWLG¡GDPDV LU QDPR QHXåVXNGDPDV WXRMDX SDW QXY\NWL ³ 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW LU SDVLNDOE¡WL VX
Baltaragiu ir jo dukterimi.
%XYR WROLPDV LU VXQNXV NHOLDV SULHã SDW SDYDVDULR SDELXULP LãPDOWDV LU GXRE¡WDV NDG
$QXSUDV WLNWDL GLGHOLR LU VNXEDXV UHLNDOR VSLULDPDV JDO¡MR SDVLU\åWL M³ QXJDO¡WL *DLOD MDP EXYR
*LUGYDLQLR WR PDQGUR MDXQLNLR NXULV YDLN\GDPDVLV Y¡M ODXNXRVH JDOL YLVDL SUDåÌWL 7DL
VOLGLQ¡GDPDV NOXSGDPDV LU Y¡O DWVLVWRGDPDV SDJDOLDX WHPVWDQW $QXSUDV SDVLHN¡ 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW LU
%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
0DOÌQDV VWRY¡MR YDNDUR SULHEODQGRMH VXJODXG
V VSDUQXV LU Q\NXV NDLS EDLG\NO¡ $SOLQNXL Q¡
J\YRV GYDVLRV QHVLPDW¡ 3DVLåLÌU¡MR $QXSUDV ³ WURERV ODQJXV 7DLS SDW WDPVX EXYR -RNLR åLEXU¡OLR
QHVLPDW¡ 1HW åYDLJåG¡V ODQJXRVH QHPLUJ¡MR
² 2 JDO MÐ LU J\YÐ QHE¡UD" ² DSVLGDLU¡ LU DWVLGXVR $QXSUDV
%HW þLD LãJLUGR WDU\WXP NDV OHLGåLDVL PDOÌQR ODLSWDLV 6XQNLDL SDPDåX VXVWRGDPDV LU
grabaliodamas patamsyje.
3UDVLY¡U¡ PDOÌQR GXU\V LU $QXSUDV SDPDW¡ %DOWDUDJLR ãHã¡O³ 3ÌVWHO¡MR Y¡MDV LU VXMXG¡MR
ãHã¡OLV $QXSUDV QHW NUÌSWHO¡MR DU WLN QHVLYDLGHQD NDUWDLV %DOWDUDJLR GYDVLD
² $U GDU J\YDV DU WLN WDYR ãHã¡OLV Lã DQR SDVDXOLR SDVLURGR" ² SDNODXV¡ $QXSUDV
åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ %DOWDUDJ³ DQW NXULR YLHQSODXN¡V JDOYRV Y¡MDV WDUã¡ YLVDL SUDåLOXVLXV SODXNXV
² 'DU J\YDV ² DWVDN¡ YRV JLUGLPDL %DOWDUDJLV ² . þLD GLHYDV VLXQþLD PXPV ³ VYHþLXV"
² 7DL Dã ² QXGåLXJR $QXSUDV NDG VX J\YX åPRJXP R QH GYDVLD VXVLWLQND ² $UJL
QHSDå³VWL" 7DL Dã WDYR SLUãO\V $QXSUDV
7DGD VXMXG¡MR %DOWDUDJLR ãHã¡OLV LU SUL¡M
V SULH $QXSUR GUHEDQþLRPLV UDQNRPLV M³ DSNDELQR
² 6X NRNLD åLQLD DWHLQL" ² SDNODXV¡ VYHLNLQGDPDV
² 3DJDOERV LHãNRGDPDV ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV
² 1HåLQDX ² DWVLOLHS¡ %DOWDUDJLV DWVLGXVGDPDV ² DU JDOLPD SDV PXV NRNLRV SDJDOERV UDVWL
² 7LNWDL SDV WDYH LU WDYR GXNWHU³ ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV ² -HLJX QHVXUDVLX QXHLV *LUGYDLQLV VX
Y¡MDLV
² 7DL HLVLPH ³ WURE SDVLWDUVLPH N þLD PHV JDO¡WXPH SDG¡WL ² SDNYLHW¡ %DOWDUDJLV
,U DEXGX VHQLDL QX¡MR ³ WURE VXVLUÌSLQ
 NRNLD þLD SDJDOED JDOL EÌWL LU NDLS M VXUDVWL
7URERMH Xå VWDNOLÐ SULH ODQJR V¡G¡MR -XUJD LU åLÌU¡MR ³ YDNDUR SULHEODQGRMH SDVNHQGXV³
8GUXY¡V HåHU O\J NDåNR ODXNGDPD %HW NR ML ODXN¡ SDWL QHåLQRMR QHV YLVNR EXYR LãVLåDG¡MXVL LU
QRU¡MR WLNWDL YLHQR ² YLVN XåPLUãWL 7LN ãLUGLV QHNODXV¡ -L YLV ODLN QHULPDYR GDXå¡V VSXUG¡MR WDUVL
SDXNãW¡ UDQNRMH 6X EDLPH ML NDåNR ODXN¡ LU S\NR DQW VDY
V NDG ODXNLD
'DEDU LãJLUGXVL SULHPHQ¡MH W¡Y VX NDåNXR DWHLQDQW³ ML SDNLOR QXR ODQJR LU ³WHPSWDL åLÌU¡MR ³
GXULV QHJDO¡GDPD ³VS¡WL NDV SUR MDV ³HLV 1XR WÐ QHODLPLQJÐ XåVDNÐ NDLP\QDL YHQJ¡ SDV MXRV XåHLWL LU
QXR WR ODLNR EHYHLN QLHNDV QHEXYR XåNO\G
V 7DL NDV JL þLD GDEDU DW¡MR" 1HJL *LUGYDLQLV" %HW SUR
GXULV ³¡MR WLNWDL W¡YDV LU NDåNRNV VHQLV NXULR -XUJD Lã NDUWR QHSDåLQR LU ãLUGLV EDLVLDL QXVLY\OXVL
tartum nukrito.
² /DEDV YDNDUDV PHUJHOH ² SDVDN¡ $QXSUDV ³¡M
V ³ WURE ² 3DV WDYH WROLP NHOL ¡MDX VX
dideliu reikalu.
,ã EDOVR -XUJD SDåLQR $QXSU ãLUGLV Y¡O VXVWLQJR ODXNGDPD PDW\W DW¡MR VX NRNLD QRUV åLQLD
DSLH *LUGYDLQ³ %HW NRNLD" 9LVD VXQHULPR 6WDLJD SDPHVWRV QXRWDNRV LãJ\YHQWDV QXVLY\OLPDV NDLS
OHGDV VXNDXVW¡ NUÌWLQ
 LU ML DWãDOR
² 1HåLQDX ² DWVDN¡ SDWL VX VDYLP NRYRGDPD ² DU YHUWD HLWL WROLP NHOL VX NRNLDLV QRUV
reikalais.
²9HUWD ² WDU¡ QHDEHMRGDPDV $QXSUDV ² 7LN WX YLHQD JDOL þLD SDG¡WL LU QLHNDV NLWDV 6HQDV
Dã åPRJXV åLQDX N GDUDX LU NDOEX 7LNWDL DU SDM¡JVL WX PHUJHOH SDWL VDYH SHUJDO¡WL" -HL SDM¡JVL
YLVNDV JHUDL EXV MHLJX QHSDM¡JVL ² YLVNDV SUDåXYR
² $UJL GDU Q¡UD YLVNDV SUDåXY
" ² VXDEHMRMR -XUJD 9LOWLV LU QHYLOWLV Lã DELHMÐ SXVLÐ M SO¡ã¡
² 1H PHUJHOH ² SDVDN¡ $QXSUDV ² 1H YLVNDV SUDåXYR 9LVN GDU JDOLPD LãJHOE¡WL 5HLNLD
WLN JHUÐ QRUÐ LU YDOLRV
² 1HåLQDX N þLD G¡GH NDOEL ² WDU¡ SDWL QXR VDY
V E¡JGDPD -XUJD QHSDM¡JGDPD GDXJLDX
su savimi grumtis.
² 3DODXN PHUJHOH DWVLV¡VLP SDNDOE¡VLP Dã WDP MXN LU DW¡MDX ² QHVNXE¡GDPDV $QXSUDV
GDLU¡VL NXU þLD NHSXU
SDVLG¡WL LU NXU SDþLDP DWVLV¡VWL
7DL SDPDW
V %DOWDUDJLV SDNYLHW¡ VYHþL Xå VWDOR
² $þLÌ ² SDG¡NRMR $QXSUDV ² 1RUV LU VNXEXV UHLNDODV EHW QHJL VWRY¡GDPL M³ DSWDUVLPH"
3ULV¡VLPH SDJDOYRVLPH
1RUV LU VNXE¡MR $QXSUDV DWHLWL EHW DW¡M
V GHOV¡ WDUVL DSJDOYRGDPDV VDYR å\J³ LU Lã QDXMR M³
SHUVYDUVW\GDPDV 7DG DWVLV¡G
V NHUþLRMH NDOE¡MR DSLH ã³ DSLH W O\J YLVDL XåPLUã
V NR DW¡MR
7LNWDL SDVNXL SR YDNDULHQ¡V NDL SULVLNLPãR S\SN
ODSLQLR WDEDNR LU XåVLWUDXN¡ GÌP DWLGåLDL
SDåLÌU¡MR ³ -XUJ WDUVL MD QHSDVLWLN¡GDPDV DU G¡O VDYR VXPDQ\PR DEHMRGDPDV EHW VXNDXS
V YLV
SDVLU\åLP ² NDLS EXV WDLS EXV ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡
² 7DL YD PHUJHOH NRNV PDQR UHLNDODV 7LNWDL YLHQDV *LUGYDLQLV JDO¡MR SDV WDYH DWYDåLXRWL VX
VDYR REXROPXãLDLV LU LãVNODLG\WL EXUWXV QXR WDYR NHOLR %HW XåWDW SDWV SDNOLXYR ³ YHOQLR åDEDQJDV
SUDUDGR VDYR REXROPXãLXV LU PRQÐ YHGåLRMDPDV NODLGåLRMD NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV 7DL GDEDU WDYR HLO¡
PHUJHOH 7LNWDL WX YLHQD JDOL LãVNODLG\WL WXRV PRQXV QXR MR NHOLR QXVWHOEWL DXV\VH XåNHU¡W åYHQJLP
JUåLQWL M³ Lã NODLGåLRMLPR ³ åPRQLÐ SDVWRJ
 $U SDGDU\VL WDL" ² SDNODXV¡ $QXSUDV GDU DWLGåLDX
åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ -XUJ
— Kaip aš galiu tai padaryti? — nuleido akis Jurga,
² /DEDL SDSUDVWDL PHUJHOH ² DWVDN¡ $QXSUDV ² 7DX ãLUGLV SDVDN\V N WXUL GDU\WL 7XUL M³
EHNODLGåLRMDQW³ VXUDVWL WXUL VDYR MXRNX QXVWHOEWL SUDåXYXVLÐ REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP WXUL VDYR ã\SVHQD
LãVNODLG\WL PRQXV QXR MR NHOLR LU VDYR PHLOH DWVWRWL MDP YLV SDVDXO³ QHV NLWDLS ² MLV SUDåXY
V R LU WX
QHLãVLJHOE¡VL
 ² 1LHNDGRV ² SDãRNR -XUJD Lã YLHWRV LU MRV DN\V VXåDLEDYR ²7HJX MLV SUDåXV EHW Dã
QLHNDGRV MR QHLHãNRVLX PDQH SDOLNXVLR LU LãE¡JXVLR ³ YLVXV Y¡MXV SDVNXL VDYR HUåLOXV 1LHNDGRV Dã MDP
QHQXVLã\SVRVLX LU QHQXVLMXRNVLX QHV PDQR ã\SVHQ LU MXRN MLV LãPDLQ¡ ³ VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP
1LHNDGRV Dã MDP VDYR PHLOH QHDWVWRVLX SDVDXOLR QHV W PHLO
MLV VXP\Q¡ VDYR HUåLODLV SR NRMRPLV
7HJX GDEDU MLV NODLGåLRMD VDYR ãXQNHOLDLV PDQ MR GDXJLDX QHUHLNLD
9LHQX DWVLNY¡SLPX YLVD WDL SDVDN¡ -XUJD SDVNXL O\J NYDSR SULWUÌNXVL VWDLJD VXVWRMR LU DãDURV
SUDG¡MR ULHG¡WL SHU MRV LãEO\ãNXVLXV VNUXRVWXV 7DGD ML SDE¡JR ³ VHNO\þL LU WHQ OLJL YDOLDL SDOHLGR VDYR
ãLUGJ¡O LU YLVDV PHUJDXWLQHV DãDUDV %HW N MRV þLD JDO¡MR SDG¡WL NDL ãLUGLV QHVXWDU¡ PHLO¡ LU
QXVLY\OLPDV JUÌP¡VL NUÌWLQ¡MH"
2 SDVLOLN
SLUNLRMH YLHQX GX %DOWDUDJLV VX $QXSUX SDVLåLÌU¡MR YLHQDV ³ NLW QHåLQRGDPL N
þLD GDU\WL LU NRNL LãHLW³ UDVWL
3DVNXL LãE¡JXVL -XUJ EHYLOWLãNDL QXVSHQJ¡ XåWUHQNWRV VHNO\þLRV GXU\V LU ODQJDL VXWLUW¡MR
QXNU¡VGDPL ãLXUSXOLX VHQ WURE
$N WD MDXQ\VW¡
.RNLD ML LãGLGL LU QHVXNDOEDPD 1LHNDGD ML QHNODXV¡ LU QHNODXV\V VHQLÐ LãPLQWLHV R QXHLV VDYR
NHOLDLV NXU ãLUGLV M YHGD
$WVLGXVR %DOWDUDJLV SDQDULQ
V JDOY LU åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ åHP
 R $QXSUDV SDVLNUDSãW¡ S\SN
LU
SUL¡MR SULH åLEXULR XJQHO¡V ³VLåLHEWL
² 7DLJL ² WDU¡ XåWUDXNGDPDV GÌP ² 1LHNR QHSDGDU\VL NDL YLHQDV SDNO\G
V R NLWR ãLUGLV
³åHLVWD .DLS MXRV VXYHVL" 1XHLV NLHNYLHQDV VDX
² 3DODXN ² SHUWDU¡ SDNLOGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV ² 1HSUDUDVN YLOWLHV SLUPD ODLNR $† JHULDX VDYR
GXNWHU³ SDå³VWX %DQG\VLX SHUNDOE¡WL 1H DNPHQLQ¡ MRV ãLUGLV
² ,U Dã WDLS PDQDX ² SULWDU¡ $QXSUDV SDOHLVGDPDV GÌP ² 5HLNLD MXRV VXYHVWL QHV NLWDLS
nei vienas, nei antras nesuras išeities.
1X¡MR %DOWDUDJLV SDV GXNWHU³ ³ VHNO\þL EHW QHVXVLNDOE¡MR 7DLS LU NLWDLS EDQG¡ SUDNDOELQWL LU
QXUDPLQWL EHW -XUJD W\O¡MR XåVLNQLDXEXVL DQW SDODQJ¡V WLN MRV SHþLDL NUÌSþLRMR R SHU YHLGXV ULHG¡MR
ašaros.
3DJORVW¡ %DOWDUDJLV GXNWHUV SHþLXV SDEXþLDYR ³ NDNW SDOLQN¡M
V ODERV QDNWLHV LU VXJU³åR
DWJDO ³ SLUNL SDV $QXSU NXULV V¡G¡MR VXVLPVW
V LU SDQDULQ
V JDOY SULVO¡JWDV VXQNDXV UÌSHVþLR
3ULV¡GR ãDOLD MR %DOWDUDJLV DWVLGXVGDPDV LU Q¡ åRGåLR QHSUDWDUGDPDV $QXSUDV SDN¡O¡ JDOY
SDVLåLÌU¡MR LU VXSUDWR YLVN EH åRGåLÐ
3DV¡G¡MR VHQLDL SDGÌVDYR R SDVNXL SULJXO¡ ² %DOWDUDJLV DQW SULHNURVQLR 9LVJLUGD DQW VXROR
EHW DEXGX QHXåPLJR NLHNYLHQDV VDYR JDOYRMR .DUWDLV VXQNLDL DWVLGXVGDYR EHW QHSUDWDUGDYR Q¡
åRGåLR QHV DEXGX JHUDL åLQRMR NDG MRNLX åRGåLX QHVXUDPLQVL VXGUXPVWRV PHLO¡V NXUL ³åHLVWD SDYLUVWD
EDLVLD DXGUD -L QLHNR QHSDLV\V QXHLV VDYR NHOLDLV YLVN VXODXå\V VXYHUV LãEODãN\V LU SUDåXG\V QLHNR
QHSDVLJDLO¡V NRO Lã DSYLOWR LOJHVLR SDVLOLNV YLHQL JULXY¡VLDL
$N MXN WDL DEXGX VHQLDL JHUDL åLQRMR 7DL N þLD NDOE¡VL LU NDLS SDG¡VL" ,U QRUV YLHQDP EXYR
JDLOD VDYR GXNWHUV R NLWDP VDYR MDXQLNLR EHW N MLH þLD JDO¡MR SDGDU\WL NDGD YLHQD åOLXPE¡ VHNO\þLRMH
DSVLNQLDXEXVL DQW SDODQJ¡V YLVNR LãVLåDG¡MXVL R NLWDV YLVN XåPLUã
V NODLGåLRMR ãXQNHOLDLV SDVNXL
VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP"
3ULHã DXãU SDNLOR VHQLDL Lã NLHWR QHPLJRV JXROLR LU LãVLUHQJ¡ VDYR NHOLDLV NLHNYLHQDV VX VDYR
PLQWLPLV .DV EXV WDV EXV ² QLHNR þLD QHSDGDU\VL 2 MHL DUWLQDVL QHLãYHQJLDPD QHODLP¡ DEXGX JHUDL
åLQRMR MRV QHDSOHQNVL OLHND WLNWDL M SDNHOWL 7DL LU SDOLQNR VHQDWY¡V SHþLDL QXMDXVGDPL YLV MRV
VXQNXP
/DXNH GDU EXYR WDPVX VLDXW¡ SÌJD NODEHQGDPD ODQJLQHV LU VWÌJDXGDPD NDPLQH
%DOWDUDJLV DSVLJUDLE¡ LU XååLHE¡ åLEXU³ 8å ODQJR NDåNDV ãP¡NãWHO¡MR LU VXVSLJR O\J
ãLNãQRVSDUQLV DU SHO¡GD %DOWDUDJLV NUÌSWHO¡MR LU VXVWLQJR $QXSUDV SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ ODQJ LU DWVLJU
å¡ ³
%DOWDUDJ³
² .DV JL þLD GDEDU" ² SDNODXV¡
² 1LHNR ² DWVDN¡ LãEDOGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV ² 7XU EÌW SHO¡GD DU ãLNãQRVSDUQLV XåVNULGR DQW
åLEXULR LU VXVSLJR
9LVJLUGD GDU NDUW SDVLåLÌU¡MR SUR ODQJ VS¡OLRGDPDV LU DEHMRGDPDV SDNUDLS¡ JDOY LU ³U¡P¡ ³
%DOWDUDJ³ DNLV O\J NODXVGDPDV 2 WDV VWRY¡MR LãEDO
V O\J QXVLJDQG
V LU DNLV SDQDULQ
V WDUVL XåNOXSWDV
nusikaltimo vietoje.
² 7DLJL² SDJDOLDX SUDWDU¡ 9LVJLUGD SDWV YLHQDV YLVN VXSUDVGDPDV ²7LN WRV SHO¡GRV DU
šikšnosparnio kitaip neatsikratysi, nebent sidabro kulka pašausi.
² . WX þLD VYRWDL QLHNXV SDLVWDL ² SHUWUDXN¡ %DOWDUDJLV LU EXYR EHHLQV ³ ODXN SDåLÌU¡WL
kas atsitiko.
%HW WXR ODLNX Y¡O NDåNDV VXÌN¡ O\J Y¡MR ãXRUDV EÌWÐ SUDE¡J
V DU SDYDVDULR SÌJD SDVLN¡OXVL WLN
YLVD WURED NUÌSWHO¡MR LU VXGUHE¡MR
3UR VHNO\þLRV GXULV ³ WURE VWDLJD ³E¡JR -XUJD EDLVLDL QXVLJDQGXVL LU LãEDOXVL NDLS GURE¡
² 7¡YHOL YDLGHQDVL²VXãXNR ML LU SXRO¡ ³ %DOWDUDJLR JO¡E³ GUHE¡GDPD NDLS HSXã¡V ODSDV
² . WX þLD GXNUHOH SUDVLPDQDL" ² VXGUDXG¡ M W¡YDV JORVW\GDPDV NUÌSþLRMDQþLXV SHþLXV
² 3DYDVDULR SÌJD NOHEHQD ODQJLQHV R WX LãVLJDQGDL
'XNW¡ SDWLN¡MR QHSDWLN¡MR W¡YR åRGåLDLV EHW DSVLUDPLQR VXVLJ¡GXVL VDYR EDLP¡V NXUL QH
Y¡MR ãXRUDV VXN¡O¡ LU QH SUDVNULVGDPDV ãLNãQRVSDUQLV WLNWDL MRV SDþLRV ãLUGLHV QHULPDYLPDV
² 7DL JDO GDEDU PHUJHOH HLVLP SDNO\GXVLR MDXQLNLR LHãNRWL" ² SDNODXV¡ 9LVJLUGD
² 1H ² JULHåWDL DWVDN¡ -XUJD DWJDYXVL LãGLGXP ² JUHLþLDX Xå -XUJXþLR LãWHN¡VLX R QHLVLX
LHãNRWL MDXQLNLR NXULV PDQH SDPHW¡
² .RNLR -XUJXþLR" ² QXVWHER 9LVJLUGD
² 6XSDLV\VL ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV QXPRGDPDV ² %XYR þLD WRNV NDLP\QR NDOYLR SXVNYDLãLV
SDUDQNLQLV %HW LU MLV NDåNXU SUDåXYR
%DOWDUDJLV Lã¡MR ³ ODXN SDVLåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD GDURVL %HW YRV SUDY¡UXV GXULV NDåNDV VSUXNR Lã
SDODQJ¡V LU QXUÌNR VX Y¡MR ãXRUDLV ³ SDNDOQ

3ULHã U\W VLDXW¡ SDYDVDULQ¡ SÌJD LU SUR M QLHNR QHVLPDW¡ %DOWDUDJLV SDPDQ¡ NDG þLD QH NDV
NLWDV WLNWDL 3LQþXNDV NHUãWDXGDPDV YDLGHQDVL R Lã WLNUÐMÐ EÌWD -XUJXþLR
3ULHã SDYDVDU³ MLV SULVLNODMRM
V NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV VXJU³åR Lã VYHWLPÐ SDVYLHþLÐ LU
QHWXU¡GDPDV NXU G¡WLV ²YLV GDU EXYR J¡GD JU³åWL ³ NDOY
DSVLYRJXV ² XåNO\GR ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
3HU QDNW³ SUDWÌQRMR SULH VHNO\þLRV ODQJR Xå NXULR W\OLDL YHUN¡ DSVLNQLDXEXVL -XUJD %HW -XUJXWLV LãJLUGR
LU SDMXWR WDV DãDUDV NXULRV NDLS DNPHQ\V NULWR DQW MR VåLQ¡V LU MLV VXVWLQJR EH åDGR
7LN SULHã U\W NDL SLUNLRMH VXåLER åLEXU\V -XUJXWLV QXVLJDQG
V SDãRNR LU VXVL¡P
V Xå JDOYRV
VXULNR WDUVL Lã QHSDNHOLDPR VNDXVPR 1RU¡MR E¡JWL ³ WURE LU SULVLSDåLQWL NRNV MLV EDLVXV QXVLNDOW¡OLV
SDEDLG
V *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV LU -XUJ DãDURVH SDVNDQGLQ
V EHW þLD SDW WLHV SULHDQJLX VXJULXYR
SDODQJ¡MH $WVLSHLN¡MR WLNWDL WDGD NDL VXJLUJåG¡MR GXU\V LU MLV GDU ODELDX LãVLJDQG
V QXVLULWR VX Y¡MR LU
VQLHJR JÌVLDLV SUR PDOÌQ ³ SDNDOQ
 9LVD ODLP¡ NDG WLHV SDNULÌWH EXYR VXQHãWDV GLGHOLV SXVQ\QDV WDL
QXJULXYR NDLS ³ PLQNãW SDWDO 2 9LVJLUGD DWVLVYHLNLQ
V VX %DOWDUDJLDLV VDYDLS VXSUDWR NDV þLD
GDURVL LU Lã¡MR WLNUR NDOWLQLQNR LHãNRWL LU MR VXGUDXVWL %HW NXU M³ VXUDVL SDYDVDULR SÌJRMH"

XXX

$N WDV *LUGYDLQLV .RNL E¡G MLV SDWV VDX SUDVLPDQ¡ VX WDLV VDYR REXROPXãLDLV LU NLWXV ³
NRNL EDLVL QHODLP
³NODPSLQR *HULDX MLV EÌWÐ MÐ YLVDL QHWXU¡M
V QHJX SDWV VDYH SUDåXG
V LU VDYR
QXRWDN DãDURVH SDVNDQGLQ
V NXULRV LHãNRMR VHSW\QLDV P\OLDV DSOLQNXL
%HW WDLS MDX YLVNDV QHODLPLQJDL VXVLG¡MR NDG QLHNR þLD QHSDGDU\VL MHLJX QHW $QXSUDV QLHNR
QHJDO¡MR SDJHOE¡WL LU DãDURVH EHL VLHOYDUWH SDVNDQGLQWD QXRWDND MR DWVLåDG¡MR 2 JDO¡MR EÌWL J\YHQLPDV
NDLS REXRO\V LU VNUDLG\WL *LUGYDLQLV VXUDG
V VDYR QXRWDN VX REXROPXãLDLV NDLS Y¡MR VSDUQDLV åHP¡V
QHVLHNGDPDV %HW QH WRNLD ODLP¡ EXYR OHPWD DU QH VDYR QXRWDN *LUGYDLQLV VXUDGR NDG YLVNDV NLWDLS
Lã¡MR 7LNWDL SUDåXG¡ JUDåLDXVL 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR PHUJLQ LU SDWV ³ EDLVÐ YDUJ ³SXRO¡
0DW\W QHEXV MRNLRV LãHLWLHV Lã WR XåEXUWR UDWR LU WHNV *LUGYDLQLXL OLJL VDYR DPåLDXV JDOR
SUDNODLGåLRWL NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV EHVLYDLNDQW VDYR REXROPXãLXV LU SUDVODQNLRWL NDLS YDLGXRNOLXL
NU\åNHO¡VH EHODXNLDQW LU EHW\NRMDQW SUDYDåLXRMDQþLÐ VDYR DUNOLÐ 1LHNDV PDW\W MR Lã WRV QHODLP¡V
QHLãJHOE¡V LU SDYLUV EHUQDV SDþLRMH PHWÐ JUDåXPRMH YDLGXRNOLX SDNHO¡VH LU NU\åNHO¡VH JVGLQDQþLX
SDVLY¡ODYXVLXV SDNHOHLYLXV
,U GDEDU QHGXRN MDX GLHYH VX *LUGYDLQLX NU\åNHO¡MH VXVLWLNWL R \SDþ QDNW³ VX MR
SDNODLNXVLRPLV LU å¡ULQþLRPLV SDWDPV\MH DNLPLV NDL MLV VWDEGR NLHNYLHQ LU åLÌUL DU QH VX MR
REXROPXãLDLV YDåLXRMD -DX LU GDEDU *LUGYDLQLV ³ åPRJÐ QHEHSDQDãXV EHW JUHLþLDX ³ YDLGXRNO³ DW¡MXV³
Lã NLWR SDVDXOLR LHãNRWL VDYR DUNOLÐ 3ULHLQD WDPVRMH VXVWDEGR DUNOLXV SDVLåLÌUL VDYR SDNODLNXVLRPLV
DNLPLV LU QXHLQD Q¡ åRGåLR QHSUDWDU
V O\J ãP¡NOD 7DL QHEHQW YHOQLDV JDOL VX WRNLX VXVLWLNWL R åPRJXV
VXWLN
V ² VLUJVL LU MHL J\YDV LãOLNVL YLV DPåLÐ SULHSXRO³ WXU¡VL
3UDG¡MR YHQJWL åPRQ¡V QDNWLPLV YDåLQ¡WL NDG VX *LUGYDLQLX QHVXVLGXUWÐ QHV MLV NXU EXY
V
NXU QHEXY
V åLÌU¡N LU VWDEGR NU\åNHO¡MH DUNOLXV
3HU GLHQ QXVLODNVW
V EHVLYDLN\GDPDV VDYR REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP QDNþLD DSVLQDNYRGDYR
NU\åNHO¡VH W\NRGDPDV DU QHVXWLNV SUDYDåLXRMDPÐ VDYR DUNOLÐ EHW VXVLWLNR WLNWDL VDYR SULHãLQLQN
NXULR *LUGYDLQLV Lã NDUWR QHSDåLQR LU WLN Y¡OLDX VXSUDWR VX NXR EXYR VXVLWLN
V
7DL EXYR SR WR NDL VXVLWLNR $QXSU QRU¡MXV³ M³ LãJHOE¡WL 3DPHW
V $QXSU DQW SDNHO¡V DNPHQÐ
V¡GLQW³ LU QXVLYLM
V WDULDP REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLP SHU GLHQ SUDNODLGåLRMR QLHNR QHVXUDVGDPDV
WHPVWDQW DSVLVWRMR SLUPRMH NU\åNHO¡MH LU DSVLQDNYRMR 9LVDL MDX SULHã SXVLDXQDNW³ YRV VS¡MR *LUGYDLQLV
VXPHUNWL DNLV NDL VWDLJD WLHV SDW DXVLPLV WDLS VXåYHQJ¡ NDG QHW GHEHV\V SUDVLVN\U¡ LU åYDLJåG¡V
VXPLUJ¡MR 3DãRNR DSVWXOE
V *LUGYDLQLV åLÌUL ² QLHNR QHPDW\WL WLNWDL YLGXU\MH NU\åNHO¡V NDåNDV
juoduoja.
² .DV WHQ" ² SDNODXV¡ *LUGYDLQLV
² $ã ² DWVDN¡ MXRGDVLV
² .DV WX" ² Y¡O SDNODXV¡ *LUGYDLQLV
² 7DYR NODLGLQWRMDV ² WDV UDPLDL DWVDN¡ QHW QHVXMXG¡GDPDV
² .DV þLD SHU PRQDV" ² QXVWHER *LUGYDLQLV² $U QHVDSQXRMX"
3DVLWU\Q¡ DNLV DLãNLDL PDWR ² NU\åNHO¡V YLGXU\MH NDåNDV VWRYL åPRJXV QH åPRJXV ãP¡NOD QH
ãP¡NOD QHVXSUDVL SDWDPV\MH
² .R WX QRUL Lã PDQ
V" ² SDNODXV¡ QXVWHE
V *LUGYDLQLV
²1LHNR ² WDV DWVDN¡ LU VXMXG¡MR ² 7UXSXW³ WDYH SDPRN\WL NDG åLQRWXP NDLS SDV VYHWLPDV
PHUJDV SLUãOLDLV YDåLQ¡WL
— Pas kokias svetimas? — nesuprato iš karto Girdvainis.
² 2JL DU QH WX VX %DOWDUDJLR -XUJD YRV ãYLQWDQW O¡NHL XåVDNÐ" ² DWVLOLHS¡ WDV VX SDãDLSD
²2 NDV WDX UÌSL ² S\NWHO¡MR *LUGYDLQLV ² VX NXR Dã O¡NLDX DU QHO¡NLDX"
² 0DQ GDXJLDX UÌSL QHJX WX PDQDL ² WDV DWVDN¡ ² 0DQ ML VHQLDL SDåDG¡WD
— Tai gal tu ir mano arklius pavogei? — pašoko iš vietos Girdvainis.
âP¡NOD NLHN DWLWROR
² *DO SDYRJLDX R JDO WLN SDG¡MDX SDYRJWL ² Lã WROR DWVDN¡ ² 2 WX VDYR REXROPXãLÐ
QHVXUDVL MHLJX QHLãVLåDG¡VL -XUJRV
² 7DL WDX ãXQVQXNL QHJDQD NDG PDQR DUNOLXV SDYRJHL QRUL GDU NDG LU VDYR PHUJRV G¡O
WDY
V LãVLåDG¡þLDX" 3DODXN WX PDQ WXRMDX JDXVL NR QRU¡MDL ² SXRO¡ *LUGYDLQLV QRU¡GDPDV Xå
SDNDUSRV QXþLXSWL DNLSO¡ã EHW þLXSR LU URGRV VXþLXSR WLN SDVLåLÌUL ² WXãþLD VDXMD WDUVL ãHã¡O³ EÌWÐ
JULHE
V
²&KDFKDLFKDFKD ²QXVLNYDWRMR LU QXVLåYHQJ¡ NDåNDV *LUGYDLQLXL WLHVLDL ³ DNLV LU
QXWROGDPDV VDNR ² 1HQRUL VXVLWDUWL WDL SUDUDVL VDYR REXROPXãLXV LU VDYR QXRWDN R SDVNXL YLVNR
QHWHN
V LU SDWV JDO JDXVL
² 3UDNHLNLPDV .DV JL þLD GDEDU" ² NUÌSWHO¡MR *LUGYDLQLV LU SLUP NDUW NU\åNHO¡MH SDWV
QXVLJDQGR 1HJL WDLS LU EXV NDLS MLV SDVDN¡"
1XVWHE
V *LUGYDLQLV GDLU¡VL NU\åNHO¡MH QHVXSUDVGDPDV DU þLD MDP SULVLVDSQDYR DU WLNUDL EXYR
N VXWLN
V LU NDOE¡M
V %HW QLHNR QHVLPDW¡ SDNLOR SDYDVDULR SÌJD LU YLVNDV VXVLPDLã¡
*LUGYDLQLV QX¡MR WROLDX SHU ãODSGULE SDELXUXVLX NHOLX YLV GDU QHJDO¡GDPDV DWVLNYRã¡WL
3DU\þLX VXVLWLNR NDåNRN³ QXVNXUG¡O³ HOJHW QH HOJHW NXULV ¡MR ãQLUSãþLRGDPDV O\J YHUNGDPDV
² $U QH WX PDQ SDVLYDLGHQDL" ² VXODLN¡ M³ *LUGYDLQLV
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ -XUJXWLV MLV þLD LU EXYR EDLVLDL LãVLJDQG
V YRV DWJDXGDPDV åDG
-LV NDLS WLN LHãNRMR *LUGYDLQLR SHU QDNW³ NODXV
V -XUJRV DãDUÐ LU VXSUDW
V NDG WLN *LUGYDLQLV
JDOL M LãJHOE¡WL 3DNLO
V Lã SXVQ\QR MLV Lã¡MR SURWDPVLDLV MR LHãNRWL R GDEDU M³ VXVLWLN
V QXVLJDQGR LU
QRU¡MR VSUXNWL ³ ãDO³ EHW SHUJDO¡MR VDYR LãJVW³ LU SULVLSDåLQR
² 1H ² SDVDN¡ ² Dã WDX QHVLYDLGHQDX WLNWDL SDEDLGåLDX WDYR REXROPXãLXV NDL WX YDåLDYDL
SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR -XUJ 2 WDYR REXROPXãLXV SDYRJ¡ YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV VXVLG¡M
V VX DUNOLDYDJLX
5DXSLX $ã SDWV PDþLDX NDLS LãQHã¡ M³ Lã *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV YHOQLDV GYLNDUW¡MH LãNUDW
V DQW PDQ
V
šiaudus.
² . WX VDNDL" ² QHSDWLN¡MR *LUGYDLQLV ³VLåLÌU¡GDPDV ³ NHLVW QXVNXUG¡O³
² 7LNU WHLV\E
 ² DWVDN¡ WDV QXVLãQ\SãGDPDV ² .DV EXV WDV EXV QRUV LU YHOQLDV QXQHã
PDQH ³ SUDJDU NDLS VDN¡ âHãHOJD EHW WDX YLVN SDVDN\VLX 7LN YLV WDY
V QHJDO¡MDX VXUDVWL 2 WX -XUJ
SHU VDYR REXROPXãLXV DãDURVH SDVNDQGLQDL 0HVN MÐ LHãNRM
V LU HLN MRV JHOE¡WL NLWDLS SDWV SUDåÌVL LU
JUDåLDXVL SDVDXO\MH PHUJLQ SUDåXG\VL
.DV þLD SHU JDODV" $U WLN Y¡O QHVLYDLGHQD" ² GDU ODELDX QXVWHER *LUGYDLQLV QHWLN¡GDPDV
NDG VX J\YX åPRJXPL NDOE¡WÐ 2 LU WDV þLD EXYR þLD GLQJR NDLS YDLGXRNOLV
.RO DWVLNYRã¡MR *LUGYDLQLV -XUJXWLV QX¡MR VDYR NHOLDLV -LV QRU¡MR JUHLþLDX YLVDV VDYR NDOWHV
LãSDåLQWL LU VXJU³åWL QDPR ³ NDOY
 .RNLD EÌWÐ WDGD ODLP¡ *DO LU -XUJ SDPDW\WÐ LU LãJLUVWÐ MRV MXRN"
%HW QHJDO¡MR MLV VXJU³åWL QHLãSLUN
V YLVÐ VDYR NDOþLÐ LU QHJUåLQ
V NDOYLXL SDYRJWÐ SDVDJÐ 7DL QX¡MR
GDEDU WLHVLDL ³ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP DWVLLPWL SUDJHUWÐ SDVDJÐ
2 *LUGYDLQLV QHJDO¡MR SDV -XUJ QXY\NWL EH VDYR REXROPXãLÐ 7LNWDL GDEDU MLV VXSUDWR NRNLD
þLD YHOQLDYD VXVLG¡MR NDG SUDUDGR REXROPXãLXV LU QHWHNR QXRWDNRV R SDWV NODLGåLRMD NDLS XåEXUWDPH
UDWH QHUDVGDPDV LãHLWLHV 1HEHQW WDV SDWV YHOQLDV NXULV SDYRJ¡ REXROPXãLXV LU NU\åNHO¡MH SDVLYDLGHQR
M³ YHGåLRMD LU NODLGLQD"
6WDLJD *LUGYDLQLR JDOYRMH SUDãYLWR LU MDP SDDLãN¡MR NRG¡O MLV YLVXU JLUGL VDYR REXROPXãLÐ
åYHQJLP LU QLHNXU MÐ QHVXUDQGD 7DL GDEDU NDL Y¡O WROXPRMH SDVLJLUGR åYHQJLPDV YLV GDU M³ HU]LQR
3LQþXNDV NODLGLQGDPDV *LUGYDLQLV XåVLNLPãR DXVLV NDG QLHNR QHJLUG¡WÐ LU QX¡MR WLHVLDL SHU ODXNXV
QHåLÌU¡GDPDV NXU HLQD
$U QH YLV WLHN MDP EXYR NXU HLWL MHL QHJDOL VXUDVWL VDYR REXROPXãLÐ LU QXY\NWL VX MDLV SDV VDYR
QXRWDN NXUL DãDURVH SDVNDQGLQR" 7DL LU QX¡MR WROLDX SHU ODXNXV SULVO¡JWDV EDLVDXV VLHOYDUWR VXSUDW
V
VDYR NODLGDV SDVLPHW
V LU QXVLPLQ
V O\J YLVN SDVDXO\MH SUDUDG
V

XXXI

2 *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL NDL SDYRJ¡ MXRV VXVLG¡M

V VX YHOQLX DUNOLDYDJLV 5DXS\V W
QHODLPLQJ XåVDNÐ U\W SDWHNR ³ VXQNL QHYDOL 3DUGDY¡ MXRV QHWUXNXV 5DXS\V MDYÐ SLUNOLDPV NXULH
YHåGDYR MDYXV Lã /LHWXYRV ³ 3UÌVXV
1XR WR SDW UXGHQV NDL SDYRJ¡ MXRV SHU YLV åLHP *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL YHåLRMR ELDXULDLV
LãPDOWDLV NHOLDLV VXQNLDL SULNUDXWXV MDYÐ YHåLPXV LU SUDUDGR YLV VDYR HLNOXP SDYLUWR QXYDU\WDLV
tikrais darbo kuinais.
äLDXUÌV YHåLNDL QHJDLOHVWLQJDL YDU¡ DUNOLXV GLHQ LU QDNW³ EH SDVLJDLO¡MLPR JRGÌV SLUNOLDL
VNXELQR LãYHåWL MDYXV SULHã SDYDVDULR DWRODLG³ LU WDLS QXYDU¡ REXROPXãLXV NDG MÐ QHW SDWV *LUGYDLQLV
MHL LU EÌWÐ VXWLN
V MRNLX EÌGX QHEÌWÐ SDåLQ
V
-XRV SDåLQR WLNWDL *LUGYDLQLR SLUãO\V 'DXJQRUÐ NDLPR VNHUGåLXV $QXSUDV 9LVJLUGD NXULV QRUV
YLHQD DNLP QHSULPDW¡ LU YLHQD DXVLP QHSULJLUG¡MR EHW SXLNLDL VXSUDWR J\YXOLÐ NDOE 7LNWDL Lã NDOERV LU
SDåLQR MLV *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV
3HU SDW SDYDVDULR DWRODLG³ JU³åGDPDV Lã %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR ¡MR $QXSUDV VXVLPVW
V NHOLX
NXULR NU\åNHO¡MH EXYR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPD LU SDPDW¡ DWYDåLXRMDQW VXQNLDL SULNUDXW YHåLP NXU³
WHPS¡ Lã SDVNXWLQLÐ M¡JÐ GYLHMÐ DUNOLÐ JUREDL SODNGDPL ãRQDLV
'DXJ EXYR PDW
V $QXSUDV DQW WR NHOLR NHOLDV ¡MR SHU NDOQXV LU O\JXPDV Lã /LHWXYRV ³ 3UÌVXV
QXYDU\WÐ DUNOLÐ EHW WRNLXV SDUEDLJWXV NXLQXV SLUP NDUW VXWLNR .DL YHåLPDV DUþLDX SULYDåLDYR
$QXSUXL SDVLURG¡ O\J MLV WXRV DUNOLXV EXYR NDåNDGD PDW
V WLNWDL QHJDO¡MR SULVLPLQWL NXU LU NDGD
7DGD QHWLN¡WDL LãJLUGR $QXSUDV VDYR SULHNXUþLD DXVLPL NDLS YLHQDV DUNO\V DQWUDP WDU¡
² 1H ² VDNR YLVLãNDL SDUEDLJWDV DUNO\V ² 1LHNR QHEXV 1HLãYDGXRV PÌV *LUGYDLQLV Lã
YHUJRY¡V .ULVLX SULYDåLDY
V *DLGåJDO

² 3DODXN ² VDNR DQWUDVLV YRV DWJDXGDPDV NYDS ² *DO QHWROL PÌVÐ LãYDGDYLPDV 3LUP
NDUW NDL SDWHNRPH ³ YHUJRY
 YDåLXRMDPH JLPWXRMX YLHãNHOLX *DO VXWLNVLPH *LUGYDLQ³ LU MLV PXV
išvaduos.
² .DV Lã WR ² VDNR SLUPDVLV ² MHL LU VXWLNVLPH DU SDåLQV MLV PXV" 0XGX QHW åYHQJWL
XåPLUãRPH
² 7LHV VDNDL ² DWVLGXVR DQWUDVLV
1XVLPLQ
DUNOLDL W\O¡GDPL WROLDX WHPS¡ VXQNÐ YHåLP SDQDULQ
JDOYDV LU PXãGDPLHVL Lã
SDVNXWLQLÐ M¡JÐ
² 2 Dã VYDMRMDX ² VXVWRMR SLUPDVLV DUNO\V ² .DLS Y¡MDV DQW VSDUQÐ QHãLX VDYR MDXQM³ VX
nuotaka.
² 2 NDV GDEDU M³ QXQHã" ² DWVLGXVR DQWUDVLV LU WDLS SDW VXVWRMR
6XVWRMXV YHåLPXL SDEXGR VQDXG
V YHåLNDV LU ãP¡NãWHO¡MR ERWDJX
² 1R OXS\QRV $U MDX VWLSWL WDULDW¡V"
%RWDJDV VXãYLOS¡ VXNUXYLQGDPDV QXþDLå\WXV DUNOLÐ ãRQXV $UNOLDL EHM¡JLãNDL SDVLPXLVW¡
YLHWRMH EHW YHåLPDV QHVXMXG¡MR
%RWDJDV Y¡O VXãYLOS¡ DSLH DUNOLÐ JDOYDV LU NULWR VX NHLNVPDLV
² 1R VNÌURV $U MDX UDNDO³ VDSQXRMDWH" 1HUHLNV QHL UDNDOLR J\YLHPV NDLO³ QXOXSVLX
7DLS QLHNLQDPL LU ERWDJX þDLåRPL DUNOLDL ãRNR SDVNXWLQ¡PLV M¡JRPLV EHW þLD SDW LU VXNOXSR
3LUPDVLV DUNO\V NRO SULE¡JR $QXSUDV JULXYR YLGXU\MH NHOLR LU NRMDV XåYHUW¡ R DQWUDV VXVWRMR
SDQDULQ
V JDOY VXQNLDL ãQLRNãGDPDV
3ULE¡JR 9LVJLUGD DWSDåLQ
V *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV SDVLåLXU¡MR ³ NULWXV³ DUNO³ SDJORVW¡ DQWUR
SDQDULQW JDOY LU WDLS JUDXGX SDVLGDU¡ $QXSUXL NDG MLV QHW DãDU QHW\þLD LãWU\ãNXVL DWEXOD UDQND
QXEUDXN¡
² .RNLXV DUNOLXV SUDåXGHL ² DWVLJU
å¡ MLV VX SULHNDLãWX ³ YHåLN
 2 WDV VXQLXU
V QXOLSR QXR SDVRVW¡V LU SLNWDL EXUEWHO¡MR
² .RNLH þLD DUNOLDL" 'Y¡VHOLHQRV R QH DUNOLDL 7RNLDLV DUNOLDLV QHEHQW WLNWDL SUDJDUH YHOQLDP
MRGLQ¡WL R QH MDYXV YHåLRWL ³ 3UÌVXV
² %HW NRNLH EXYR ãLWLH DUNOLDL NDG WX åLQRWXP ² DWVLGXVR $QXSUDV² äDLEDV R QH DUNOLDL
7DV NXULV MXRV WXU¡MR GDU LU ãLDQGLHQ MÐ LHãNR O\J JDOYRV QHWHN
V
² 'DEDU QHEHQW SUDJDUH MXRV VXUDV ² DEHMLQJDL DWVDN¡ YHåLNDV ²$ã SDWV SUDVLNHLNLDX VX
MDLV YDåLQ¡GDPDV LU MXRV SUDNHLNLDX *HUDL GDU NDG SULH *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV VXVLSUDWR QXGY¡VWL 7DV
YHOQLR EDMRUSDODLNLV âHãHOJD JDO WXU¡V QDXMDL YRJWÐ DUNOLÐ SDPDLQ
.HLNGDPDVLV YHåLNDV QX¡MR ³ VPXNO
 R $QXSUDV SDVLOLNR YLHQDV SULH NULWXVLR DUNOLR LU ãDOLD MR
VWRYLQþLR SDQDULQWD JDOYD QHODLP¡V GUDXJR DQWURMR REXROPXãLR
'DU NDUW SDJORVW¡ $QXSUDV QXOHLVW DUNOLR JDOY SDåLÌU¡MR ³ NULWXVLR VXVWLQJXVLDV DNLV
DWVLGXVR LU WDU¡
² 7RNV MDX J\YHQLPDV 6X Y¡MDLV OHQNW\QLDYRWH LU NULWRWH YLGXU\MH NHOLR SDWHN
³ VYHWLPDV
UDQNDV . GDEDU *LUGYDLQLXL SDVDN\VLX" ,U N MLV GDU\V EH MÌVÐ"
6XVLUÌSLQ
V 9LVJLUGD SDVWRY¡MR YDODQG¡O
O\J ãHUPHQ\VH JDOYRGDPDV DSLH J\YHQLPR ãXROLXV
NU\åNHOHV LU JDO VXQNLDL SDGÌVDYR LU VXVLPVW
V QX¡MR SDPDå¡OH YLV DWJDO DWVLJU
åGDPDV LU
VYDUVW\GDPDV N þLD GDEDU GDU\WL
2 YHåLNDV QHWUXNXV VXJU³åR Lã NDUþHPRV LU DWVLYHG¡ SRU WLN N 5DXSLR SDYRJWÐ DUNOLÐ 3DVNXL
VHN¡ O\J NUDQNO\V âHãHOJD WULQGDPDV UDQNDV
9LVJLUGD VWDEWHO¡MR LU SDVLåLÌU¡MR
² 1HJL QHEXV JDOR WDP SUDNHLNWDP DUNOLDYDJLÐ OL]GXL" ² SDWV VDX WDU¡ ² .DG M³ NXU
SHUNÌQDV JLHGU GLHQ WUHQNWÐ
5\WDV EXYR ÌNDQRWDV .U\åNHO¡MH NDLS SDEDLVD VWRY¡MR SDãLXUSXVL NDUþHPD 3UR VWDGDO
SUDE¡JR O\J ãOXEþLRGDPDV 5DXS\V R SUR NDPS SUDVNULGR WDUVL ãLNãQRVSDUQLV DU SHO¡GRV ãHã¡OLV
² .DV þLD SHU JDODV" ² VXVLGRP¡MR 9LVJLUGD VS¡OLRGDPDV ² 3ULHã DXãU DSLH PDOÌQ R Lã
U\WR DSLH NDUþHP WLH SDW\V SDXNãþLDL VXNDVL" $U WLN QH þLD YLVD QHODLP¡ VOHSLDVL"
$QXSUXL SDGLG¡MR ³WDULPDV -LV VWHQJ¡VL JHULDX ³VLåLÌU¡WL LU YLVN LãVLDLãNLQWL EHW GUXPVW¡VL
SDYDVDULR ÌNDQD YLUVGDPD UÌNR JXUXODLV LU SDVO¡SGDPD NDUþHP 9LVJLUGD SUR WLUãW UÌN YLVN SDPDW¡
LU VXSUDWR 1HOLNR MRNLÐ DEHMRQLÐ NDG þLD QHODERMR åDEDQJRV NXULDV UHLNLD QXJDO¡WL NDG QXVOLQNWÐ
YLVRV QHODLP¡V NDLS GHEHV\V SUR ãDO³
6XVLUÌSLQ
V 9LVJLUGD SDPDå¡OH QX¡MR NHOLX VYDUVW\GDPDV NDLS QXJDO¡WL YHOQLR NODVW LU
LãJHOE¡WL MDXQLN³ VX QXRWDND 2EXROPXãLDL YLV WLHN MDX åXY
 5HLNLD VXUDVWL *LUGYDLQ³ LU MDP YLVN
LãDLãNLQWL *DO WDGD JDOLPD EXV LãJHOE¡WL LU %DOWDUDJ³ VX MR GXNUD QXR JUHVLDQþLR SDYRMDXV
9LVJLUGD SDVSDUWLQR åLQJVQ³ LU QX¡MR SHU ODXNXV WUXPSLQGDPDV NHOL
2 YHåLNDV DWVLYHG
V QDXM SRU YRJWÐ DUNOLÐ ³NLQN¡ MXRV ³ EULN LU QXYDåLDYR WROLDX ³ 3UÌVXV
pabiurusiu keliu, negailestingai varydamas arklius.
3ULH NDUþHPRV DQW NHOLR âHãHOJDL OLNR YLHQDV QXGY¡V
V REXROPXã\V R DQWUDV YRV EHSDYHONV
NRMDV 7DL NDUþHPLQLQNDV QHGDXJ JDOYRM
V SDVLãDXN¡ UDNDO³ SDVPDXJ¡ OLNXV³ REXROPXã³ LU DELHP
nulupo kailius.
3DYDNDUH DW¡MR ³ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP -XUJXWLV LU JULHåWDL SDUHLNDODYR VDYR SUDJHUWÐ SDVDJÐ
NHWLQGDPDV Xå MDV DWLGLUEWL âHãHOJD MDP SDVLÌO¡ XåNDVWL GY¡VHOLHQDV LU QXVLOXSWL QXR MÐ NDQRSÐ
SDVDJDV -XUJXWLV WDLS LU SDGDU¡ QHåLQRGDPDV NDG XåNDVD *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV
2 âHãHOJDL SDVLOLNR NDLS 3LQþXNDV VDN¡ 5DXSLR SDYRJWÐ REXROPXãLÐ RGRV NXULDV MLV
SDGåLRY¡ VWDGDORMH
%HW LU WXR MLV QHLOJDL GåLDXJ¡VL

XXXII

%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQH LU QDPXRVH SR $QXSUR DWVLODQN\PR GDU W\OLDX LU Q\NLDX SDVLGDU¡ 'XNW¡ LU
W¡YDV YHQJ¡ YLHQDV VX NLWX VXVLWLNWL WDUVL ELMRGDPL SUDNDOE¡WL LU SDOLHVWL QHXåJLMXVL åDL]GD .LHNYLHQDV
VWHQJ¡VL GLUEWL VDYR GDUE LU QHVLSDLQLRWL DN\VH
2 SDYDVDULQLDL Y¡MDL MDX SUDG¡MR ãYLOSWL DSLH SDNUDLJHV LU SUR DSOHLVWR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV
1HVLN
VGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV P¡JLQR WDLV\WL PDOÌQ EHW NDåNDLS QHVLVHN¡ YLVNDV N WLN SDLPV VSUÌGR Lã
UDQNÐ 1HEH WLH MDX PHWDL EXYR VSDUWRV WUÌNR EH WR VO¡J¡ NDåNRNV EHYLOWLãNXPDV WDUVL SDVDXOLR JDODV
DUW¡WÐ 7DL LU WXãþLRV EXYR YLVRV SDVWDQJRV SULNHOWL PDOÌQ Lã QXPLUXVLÐ -LV NDLS VWÌNVRMR WDLS LU
SDVLOLNR O\J ãP¡NOD VDYR Q\NXPX NHOGDPDV NDåNRN³ ãLXUSXOLQJ QXMDXWLP
-XUJD SULVLPLQXVL NLWXV SDYDVDULXV EXYR DSVLPHWXVL GUREHV DXVWL EHW LUJL NDåNDLS YLVNDV
QHVLVHN¡ QXRODWRV WUÌNR JLMRV VSUÌGR ãDXG\NO¡ WDUVL Lã DWJUXEXVLÐ UDQNÐ LU VWDNO¡V QHEH WDLS OLQNVPDL
VNDPE¡MR NDLS NLWDLV SDYDVDULDLV 6XGXQG¡V YLHQ NLW NDUW LU QXW\OD O\J XåVSULQJXVLRV QHV DXG¡MD
SDWL VX VDYLPL JLQþLMRVL LU QHJDO¡MR VXVLWDUWL VX VDYR ãLUGLPL 7DL GDåQLDXVLDL DSVLNQLDXEXVL DQW VWDNOLÐ
DUED SUDYLUNGDYR QHVXODLNRPRPLV DãDURPLV DUED DWVLU¡PXVL DQW UDQNÐ VXVWLQJGDYR XåVLVYDMRGDPD LU
SDWL QHåLQRGDYR N EHJDOYRMR
-XUJD ã³ SDYDVDU³ QH WLHN DXG¡ NLHN SDWL VX VDYLPL JUÌP¡VL YLVX ³VLVLÌEDYXVLRV MDXQ\VW¡V
³QLUWLPX NRO SDJDOLDX SULWUÌNR M¡JÐ LU WDLS SDYDUJR WDUVL EÌWÐ DWOLNXVL GLGåLDXVLXV GDUEXV 2 Lã WLNUÐMÐ
QLHNR QHYHLN¡ WLNWDL VODQNLRMR Lã NDPSR ³ NDPS SDWL QHWXU¡GDPD NXU GLQJWL .DUWDLV SULPDQLXVL EÌWÐ
¡MXVL QRUV ³ SDVDXOLR JDO *LUGYDLQLR LHãNRWL 9LVN XåPLUãWÐ YLVNR LãVLåDG¡WÐ NDG WLN M³ VXWLNWÐ LU
SDPDW\WÐ EHW þLD SDW NLOGDYR WRNV NDUWXV DSPDXGDV SDEXVGDYR OHGLQLV LãGLGXPDV QXVWHOEGDPDV
EHVLYHUåLDQW³ PHLO¡V MDXVP LU -XUJD QHVLWYHUGDPD QH WLN VWDNO¡VH EHW LU YLVRMH WURERMH XåVLPHWXVL
VNDU DQW SHþLÐ LãE¡JGDYR ³ SDHåHU
LU NODMRGDYR SDWL YLHQD SDNUDQW¡PLV
8GUXY¡V HåHUH NDVGLHQ YLV GDXJLDX ULQNRVL YDQGHQV NXULV QDUGLQR ODXå¡ OHG LU N¡O¡ ³
SDYLUãLÐ R -XUJRV NUÌWLQ¡MH SULWYLQR YLV GDXJLDX SULHãWDUDXMDQþLÐ MDXVPÐ NXULH QHEHJDO¡MR VXWLOSWL
YLHQRMH ãLUG\MH LU M VSURJGLQR NDLS OHG SDYDVDULR SRWY\QLV 7DL -XUJD LU QHEHJDO¡MR QLHNXU UDVWL VDX
vietos ir nusiraminti.
1HW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR ãODLWDL SDNUDQW¡V LU SDNULÌW¡V QXR SDW YDLN\VW¡V LãE¡JLQ¡WL QHSDJXRG¡
-XUJRV LU QHQXUDPLQR QRUV MDLV NDVGLHQ GDEDU NODMRMR 7DU\WXP YLVNDV SUDåXYR NDV EXYR PLHOD LU
EUDQJX -L QLHNR QHPDW¡ LU QHSDVWHE¡MR O\J NODLGåLRWÐ VDSQXRGDPD DWYLURPLV DNLPLV LU QLHNR
QHPDW\WÐ -L EXYR SULEORNãWD VDYR SHUJ\YHQLPÐ VX NXULDLV NRYRMR JUÌP¡VL LU QHJDO¡MR ³YHLNWL 7RG¡O
ML QLHNR QHPDW¡ LU QLHNDV MRV QHJDO¡MR SUDEODLY\WL QHV WD EODLYXPD JDO¡MR NLOWL WLNWDL Lã ãLUGLHV JHOPLÐ R
ãLUGLV EXYR OLJL SDW SDGXJQLÐ VXGUXPVWD 7DL LU WXãþLD EXYR LHãNRWL EHQW NRNLR SUDEODLY¡MLPR NRO ãLUGLV
nenurimo.
-XUJD NODMRGDPD SDHåHUH QHJDO¡MR SDWL VX VDYLP VXVLWDUWL WDL VDYR QHODLP
LãYHUNGDYR
SDHåHU¡V Y¡MDPV LU MLH EODãN\GDYR SR SDNUDQWHV DSOHLVWRV QXRWDNRV PHLO¡V åRGåLXV NHLNVPXV DãDUDV LU
EHSURWLãN MXRN %HW QHL DãDURV QHL SLNWL åRGåLDL QHL MXRNDV QLHNR QHJDO¡MR SDG¡WL QHV -XUJD
QHSDM¡J¡ VXVLWDLN\WL VX VDYR ãLUGLPL NXULRMH JUÌP¡VL O\JLDL VWLSUÌV SULHãLQJL MDXVPDL LU DLVWURV 0HLO¡ LU
QHDS\NDQWD DWODLGXPDV LU XåVLVS\ULPDV QXRODQNXPDV LU LãGLGXPDV SDVLLOJLPDV LU DWVLVDN\PDV YLHQ
PLUNVQ³ ² YLHQDV NLW PLUNVQ³ ² NLWDV MDXVPDV SDLPGDYR YLUãÐ LU -XUJD WD OLQNVPRML WD LãGLGåLRML
-XUJD NOXSGDYR QHSDNHOGDPD WRNLR ³DXGULQWR VDYR ãLUGLHV EDQJDYLPR
,U WDGD NDL EXYR DW¡M
V $QXSUDV YLHQ PLUNVQ³ EÌWÐ E¡JXVL LãWLHVWRPLV UDQNRPLV SDVLWLNWL
*LUGYDLQLR NDG WLN EÌWÐ åLQRMXVL NXU M³ VXUDVWL %HW þLD SDW VXNLOR ãDOWDV EHMDXVPLV LãGLGXPDV NDG EÌWÐ
M³ LãYLMXVL MHLJX MLV EÌWÐ GXULV SUDY¡U
V 7DL LU DWVDN\PDV $QXSUXL EXYR WLNWDL YLHQD Lã N\ODQþLÐ LU
QXVLOHLGåLDQþLÐ EDQJÐ NXULRV YLV ODLN VLDXW¡ -XUJRV ãLUG\MH
7DLS LOJLDX QHJDO¡MR J\YHQWL -XUJD LU ODXN¡ YLVD ãLUGLPL ODXN¡ NDG NDåNDV DWVLWLNWÐ YLV WLHN ²
NDV NDG WLNWDL QXULPWÐ WDV SDGÌN
V EDQJDYLPDV LU QHUHLNWÐ WDLS åLDXULDL LU EHYLOWLãNDL JUXPWLV SDþLDL VX
savimi.
.DG EHQW -XUJXWLV SDVLURG\WÐ
7DLS JHUD EÌWÐ SDåLÌU¡WL ³ MR EHYLOWLãNDV DNLV LãJLUVWL QXVLãQ\SãWLP LU SDþLDL QXVLUDPLQWL
*DO EÌW MHL -XUJXWLV EÌWÐ SDVLURG
V -XUJD EÌWÐ WHV¡MXVL $QXSUXL GXRW åRG³ LU LãWHN¡MXVL Xå MR
NDG GYLJXEDV EHYLOWLãNXPDV SDYLUVWÐ QDXMR J\YHQLPR YLOWLPL
%HW LU -XUJXWLV QHVLURG¡
7DL ODXN¡ GDEDU -XUJD SDWL QHåLQRGDPD NR ,U MDX QH *LUGYDLQLR QXMDXW¡ ãLUGLV NDG MR QLHNDGD
GDXJLDX QHEHSDPDW\V QH VDYR YHVWXYLÐ NXULRV VX SUDHLWRV åLHPRV SÌJRV VÌNXULDLV SUDåXYR EHW
NDåNR QLDXUDXV QHLãYHQJLDPR NDV WXUL ³Y\NWL LU M LãYDGXRWL Lã QHSDNHOLDPRV NDQþLRV
,U WDV QHåLQRPDV ODXNLDPDVLV URGRV VX SDYDVDULR Y¡MDLV O¡N¡ VX SLUPDLV XSHOLDLV VNXE¡MR ,U
NLW YDNDU Lã¡MXV $QXSUXL NDL W¡YDV VX GXNUD YLHQX GX DWVLV¡GR Xå VWDOR YDNDULHQ¡V DSOHLVWDPH
PDOÌQH Y¡O VXÌN¡ SHO¡GD 7¡YDV VX GXNUD O\J NDåN QXMDXVGDPL SDVLåLÌU¡MR YLHQDV ³ NLW LU ãDXNãWXV
SDG¡MR DQW VWDOR
² -DX ² SDVDN¡ GXNW¡ YLVD LãEDOGDPD NDLS GURE¡
² .DV" ² QXWLUSR W¡YDV åLÌU¡GDPDV ³ GXNU LU ³VLNODXV\GDPDV
3HO¡GD Y¡O VXÌN¡ WDUVL UDXGRGDPD WDUVL NYDWRGDPD NDG QHåLQLD EXYR NR ODXNWL ² YHVWXYLÐ
DU ãHUPHQÐ %HQW WDLS VHQL åPRQ¡V NDOED SHO¡GD NYDWRMD ² ODXN YHVWXYLÐ SHO¡GD UDXGD ² ODXN
ãHUPHQÐ %HW QHL W¡YDV QHL GXNW¡ QHODXN¡ QHL YLHQÐ QHL NLWÐ -LH DEXGX ODXN¡ NDåNR NLWR R NR ²
SDW\V QHåLQRMR
7DL åLÌU¡MR YLHQDV ³ NLW WDU\WXP QRU¡GDPL NDåN LãVNDLW\WL YLHQDV NLWR LãEO\ãNXVLDPH YHLGH LU
VXVWLQJXVLRVH DN\VH .ODLNXV QXMDXWLPDV NDLS VLDXEDV VXNDXVW¡ NUÌWLQ
 LU NDåNR QHLãYHQJLDPR
ODXNLPDV VXVWLQJG¡ YLVXV VQDULXV
 1HVLN
VGDPDV W¡YDV SDNLOR HLWL ³ NLHP SDåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR LU NXU WD SHO¡GD ÌNLD EHW
GXNW¡ DSLPWD NODLNLRV LãJVWLHV ³VLNLER W¡YXL³ UDQNRY
LU QHLãOHLGR
² 1HLN W¡YHOL QHLN ² PDOGDYR ² .DV EXV ² WHEÌQLH
7¡YDV VX JDLOHVþLX SDJORVW¡ GXNWHUV JDOY LU ML SULVLJODXG¡ SULH MR NUÌWLQ¡V YLVD YLUS¡GDPD
%HW QHVS¡MR QXULPWL NDL MDX QH PDOÌQH EHW þLD SDW SR ODQJDLV ² SHO¡GD QH SHO¡GD R NDåNDV NLWDV ²
baisiai nusikvatojo ir nuskrido.
7DGD NUÌSWHO¡MXVL -XUJD DWãRNR QXR W¡YR LU VXVSLJR QHVDYX EDOVX -L SDMXWR WDUVL EÌWÐ
SULVLOLHWXVLRV M NDåNLHQR ãDOWRV UDQNRV LU SO¡ãXVLRV QXR W¡YR ýLD SDW ML VXVPXNR EH åDGR DQW
LãVLJDQGXVLR W¡YR UDQNÐ
3DVNXL SHU YLV QDNW³ NOLHG¡MR -XUJD 7¡YDV QHL åLQJVQLR QHDWVLWUDXN¡ QXR MRV ORYRV
QHVXG¡GDPDV DNLÐ -L YLV ODLN EODãN¡VL EH VPRQ¡V VX NDåNXR VXQNLDL NRYRGDPD
7LNWDL SDU\þLX DWJDYR VPRQ
 SDãRNR Lã ORYRV LU åLÌU¡GDPD VLDXER DSLPWRPLV DNLPLV LU YLVD
GUHE¡GDPD SDJULHE¡ W¡Y Xå UDQNRV
² %¡NLP W¡YHOL Lã þLD ² SDNXåGRPLV SDVODSWLQJDL SDVDN¡ WDUVL ELMRGDPD NDG NDV
QHLãJLUVWÐ
² .XU GXNUHOH" ² QXVLJDQGR LU QXVWHER W¡YDV
² 9LV WLHN NXU 7LNWDL WROLDX QXR þLD ² PDOGDYR ML YLVD GUHE¡GDPD
² 1XULPN GXNUHOH ² UDPLQR W¡YDV QRUV SDW³ ãLXUSXO\V NU¡W¡ ² 1XR VDYR QHODLP¡V QLHNXU
QHSDE¡JVL -L LãWLNV O\JLDL þLD NDLS LU NLWXU
² %HW Dã QHQRULX åÌWL ² -XUJD YLVD YLUS¡MR
² 1HåÌVL GXNUHOH N WX" ² JXRG¡ W¡YDV LU SDWV GUHE¡MR ²7D SHO¡GD WDYH WLNWDL LãJVGLQR
1HELMRN SUDHLV SDVYHLNVL %XV YLVNDV JHUDL J\YHQVLPH NDLS J\YHQ

%HW W¡YDV åLQRMR NDG YHOWXL SHO¡GD QHÌNLD 2 DU WLNUDL þLD SHO¡GD ÌN¡ DU NDV NLWDV ² DEHMRMR
7DL QXWDU¡ SDJDOLDX ² NDV EXV WDV EXV ² SDVLQDXGRWL $QXSUR SDWDULPX LU XåWDLV\WL ãDXWXY VLGDEUR
NXOND NDG SUDåÌWÐ QHOHPWD SHO¡GD R QH MR GXNW¡

XXXIII

9¡ODL YDNDU DW¡MR VXVLUÌSLQ

V %DOWDUDJLV SDV VDYR NDLP\Q LU ELþLXO³ NDOY³ -XRGYDON³ SDV NXU³
VHQLDL MDX QHEXYR ODQN
VLV 2 LU WDV WDUVL MR ODXNGDPDV V¡G¡MR DQW NDOY¡V VOHQNVþLR LU åLÌU¡MR NDLS
VNOHLGåLDVL VXWHPRV DQW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR LU OHLGåLDVL QDNWLV
² ,ã NXUJL WX GDEDU" ² QXVWHER NDOYLV VWDLJD SDPDW
V SULHã VDYH DWVLUDGXV³ %DOWDUDJ³ ²
0DQLDX NDG MDX YLVDL XåPLUãDL WDN ³ PDQR NDOY
 5HQJLDXVL HLWL SDåLÌU¡WL DU GDU J\YDV" %HW PDQ ³
NDOQ R WDX ³ SDNDOQ
 9LV WDULDX QHLãN
VL LU SDWV DWHLVL
² 7DL LU DW¡MDX ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV DSVLGåLDXJ
V NDG VXWLNR ELþLXO³ ² $U QHWXUL NDUWDLV
šautuvo?
— O kam jis tau? — nustebo kalvis.
² *DODV åLQR ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV VXDEHMRM
V VDN\WL DU QHVDN\WL ELþLXOLXL YLV WHLV\E
 WDL LU
SDVDN¡ GYLSUDVPLãNDL ² 9HOQLDV DU DSXRNDV ³ PDOÌQ ³VLPHW¡ 3HU QDNWLV ÌNLD 1LHNDLS QHJDOLX
išbaidyti...
² 2 JDO Lã WLNUÐMÐ YHOQLDV" ² SDVLMXRN¡ NDOYLV
² .DV M³ WHQ åLQR" ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV LãVLWUDXNGDPDV Lã NLãHQ¡V VLGDEULQ³ UXEO³ ² 5HLNWÐ
JDO LU VLGDEUR NXON DWOLHWL 7LNULDX NDG EÌWÐ
² 7DL WX YLVDL ULPWDL" ² QXVWHER NDOYLV ³VLåLÌU¡GDPDV SDWDPV\MH ³ %DOWDUDJ³ . MLV þLD
SUDVLPDQ¡" *DO Lã WLNUR NDåNDV QHGRUR VXNDVL DSLH MR PDOÌQ QXR WÐ QHODLPLQJÐ *LUGYDLQLR SLUãO\EÐ"
2 LU -XUJXWLV ² JDODV M³ åLQR NXU GLQJR QXR WR ODLNR *DO YLVDL SDNYDLãR LU VXVLG¡MR Lã SDY\GR VX
DUNOLDYDJLDLV 7DLS DU NLWDLS R þLD NDåNDV EHQGUR WXU¡MR EÌWL WLNWDL NDOYLV Lã NDUWR QHJDO¡MR VXSUDVWL ²
$U WLN QH -XUJXWLV NDUWDLV ² SDJDOLDX ³WDU¡ MLV ² NYDLODV LãGDLJDV NUHþLD DSLH WDYR PDOÌQ"
² .XU þLD WDX -XUJXWLV" ² DWVDN¡ %DOWDUDJLV QXVWHE
V NDOYLR ³WDULPX ² $ã MR VHQLDL
QHPDþLDX SULH PDOÌQR $UJL MR Q¡UD NDOY¡MH"
² 7DLJL NDG LU MLV GLQJR NDLS XJQ\MH QXR WR ODLNR NDL SDYRJ¡ *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV ²
VXVLUÌSLQR NDOYLV² $U WLN VDNDX VX DUNOLDYDJLDLV QHVXVLG¡MR Lã WR SDVLXWLPR" 2 JDO ³ XåNXULXV NXU
Lã¡MR QLHNR QHVDN
V" $U NR QHJLUG¡MDL Lã DWYDåLXRMDQþLÐ ³ PDOÌQ"
² 1H QHJLUG¡MDX ² GDU ODELDX QXVWHER %DOWDUDJLV ² $UJL þLD -XUJXWLV JDO¡WÐ EÌWL NXR
G¡WDV"
1H %DOWDUDJLV JHUDL åLQRMR NDV þLD NDOWDV WLNWDL QHJDO¡MR SULVLSDåLQWL NDG LU DUWLPLDXVLDP
ELþLXOLXL 2 NDOYLV QHJDO¡GDPDV VXSUDVWL NDV þLD GDURVL EXYR OLQN
V ³WDUWL QHW VDYR SUDåXYXV³
SDUDQNLQ³ 7LNWDL YLVDL EH UHLNDOR
 2 -XUJXWLV WXR PHWX NDLS WLN VWRY¡MR Xå NDOY¡V NDPSR VX SDVDJRPLV ² WLHVD QH SDYRJWRPLV LU
SUDJHUWRPLV EHW QXOXSWRPLV QXR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLÐ GY¡VHOLHQÐ ² QHVLU\åGDPDV ³HLWL LU
SULVLSDåLQWL LãJLUG
V NDOY³ VX %DOWDUDJLX NDOEDQW LU M³ ³WDULDQW NDG MLV VXVLG¡M
V VX DUNOLDYDJLDLV
² *DODV åLQR ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ NDOYLV² JDO þLD LU UHLNLD ãDXWXYR XåWDLV\WR VLGDEULQH NXOND
Kitaip visa ta velniava neatsikratysi... Eisiu paieškoti.
9LVNR QHQXJLUG
V -XUJXWLV SDJDOYRMR NDG SULHã M³ UHQJLDVL XåWDLV\WL ãDXWXY VLGDEULQH NXOND LU
QXVLJDQG
V SDE¡JR QXR NDOY¡V QHåLQRGDPDV N WROLDX GDU\WL LU NXU GLQJWL VX VYHWLPRPLV SDVDJRPLV
1HEHQW GDU NDUW JU³åWL ³ NDUþHP LU SDUHLNDODXWL VDYR SDVDJÐ" 7DGD LU NDOYLV QHWXU¡V NR S\NWL
2 NDOYLV YLVDL QHåLQRGDPDV NDG þLD MR SDUDQNLQLV VODQNLRMD QX¡MR ³ SDãLÌU
LHãNRWL ãDXWXYR
XåVLOLNXVLR GDU Lã VXNLOLPR PHWÐ NDGD MLV GDOJLÐ EUROLDPV SHUNDOGDYR GDOJLXV ³ NDUGXV LU WDLV\GDYR
NLWXV JLQNOXV .DåNXU SDVWRJ¡MH EXYR XåNLãWDV Lã WÐ ODLNÐ GYLYDP]GLV ãDXWXYDV
%DOWDUDJLV WXR WDUSX XåVLNÌU¡ åDL]GU LU ¡P¡ NDLWLQWL NDXãH VLGDEULQ³ UXEO³ 1HWUXNXV VXJU³åR
NDOYLV VX DSUÌGLMXVLX ãDXWXYX þLD SDW M³ QXãYHLW¡ VXRGåLDLV R SDVNXL SHU SDW³ YLGXUQDNW³ P¡QXOLXL
ãYLHþLDQW SDG¡MR DWO\GLQWL GYL VLGDEUR NXONDV
² 1D WDL åLÌU¡N ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ NDOYLV XåWDLV
V DEX YDP]GåLXV NXONRPLV ² JHUDL WDLN\N
WLN QHSDWDLN\N PDQR -XUJXþLXL .DOYLV GDU WHEHJDOYRMR NDG -XUJXWLV J\YDV DU åXY
V WXUL VXNWLV DSLH
%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ 2 SHO¡GD DU DSXRNDV QRUV LU SDWV YHOQLDV EÌWÐ DSVLPHW
V QHGLGHO¡ E¡GD
'ULRNVWHOVL NDUW DQWU LU LãEDLG\VL 7LN YD SDYDVDU³ SHUNÌQDV JDOL WDYR PDOÌQ QXVSLUWL $QW WRNLRV
SDNULÌW¡V VWRYL 1HMXRNDXN LU ³VLWDLV\N SHUNÌQVDUJ³
² (W NDP MR UHLNLD" ² QXPRMR %DOWDUDJLV SDWHQNLQWDV NDG MDX WXUL ãDXWXY XåWDLV\W GYLHP
VLGDEUR NXONRP VX NXULRP QXR YLVRNLÐ SULHãLQLQNÐ DSVLJLQV R SHUNÌQDV MDP QH SULHãDV EHW VDYDV
NDLS LU YLVDV SDVDXOLV ² 3UDJ\YHQR W¡YÐ W¡YDL ² QHQXWUHQN¡ LU GDEDU QHQXWUHQNV .XR Dã MDP
QXVLNDOWDX" 7LNWDL LãEDLG\VLX SUDNHLNW SHO¡G DU DSXRN LU YLVNDV EXV JHUDL
² 1D WDL LU SDG¡N WDX GLHYH ² WDU¡ NDOYLV LãOHLVGDPDV NDLP\Q LU SDWV QX¡MR JXOWL
äYDLJåG¡V MDX PLUJ¡MR SULHã U\W LU HåHUDV W\OLDL Rã¡ O\J SDEXVGDPDV
%DOWDUDJLV QX¡MR SDHåHUH QDPR
9LUãXP MR NDOQR LU PDOÌQR EXYR VXVLWHONXVLRV SDU\þLR åYDLJåG¡V *DO MRV OHPLD JLHGU GLHQ LU
ãYLHVÐ SDYDVDU³" %HW LU MRPLV QHSDVLWLN¡GDPDV %DOWDUDJLV SDVLNLãR ãDXWXY SR VNYHUQX YRJþLRPLV
³V¡OLQR ³ PDOÌQ NDG QLHNDV QHSDPDW\WÐ LU SDVO¡S¡ XåWDLV\W VLGDEUR NXONRP GYLYDP]G³ NDPSH SR
DSGXON¡MXVLDLV 8UãXO¡V VLMRQR OLNXþLDLV
² 1D GDEDU WX PDQ SDÌNDXVL ² WDU¡ DSVLGDLU\GDPDV ² *DXVL NR QRU¡MDL LU DWVWRVL QXR
mano galvos.
5\WXRVH MDX YLVDL EU¡ãNR %DOWDUDJLV SDVWRY¡MR SDVLåLÌU¡MR ³ SDEXQGDQW³ HåHU LU
VQÌGXULXRMDQW³ OLHNQ NXU SUR PLJO N\ãRMR VNXUGåLÐ SXãHOLÐ LU EHUåHOLÐ YLUãÌQ¡V QXVLUDPLQR LU QX¡MR ³
WURE 3ULHPHQ¡MH SDVLNODXV¡ ² VHNO\þLRMH UDPLDL PLHJRMR GXNW¡ -RV QHåDGLQGDPDV SDWV QX¡MR ³
VXUÌNXVL SLUNL NXUL SDJDOLDX WXU¡MR QXãYLVWL QDXMD YLOWLP DWVLUDGXVLD %DOWDUDJLR ãLUG\MH

XXXIV

3UDNHLNWDV DUNOLDYDJLV 5DXS\V åXYXV *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDPV SDJDOLDX WDLS SDW QHLãYHQJ¡
VDYR JDOR -³ SDW³ SLUPM³ LãWLNR QXVLSHOQ\WDV OLNLPDV
%XYR JUDåXV DQNVW\YR SDYDVDULR U\WDV 7 U\W *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRMH ¡ P¡ LU SUDJ\GR YLãWD
6XS\N
V âHãHOJD SDOHLGR NLUYLX ³ YLãW SUDQDãDXMDQþL QHODLP
 EHW QHSDWDLN¡ 1RU¡MR SDVLYLM
V GDU
NDUW VPRJWL EHW LãJLUGR ODXNXRVH QHSDSUDVW WULXNãP LU XåPLUã
V YLãW Lã¡MR Xå YDUWÐ SDåLÌU¡WL NDV
ten darosi.
3HU ODXNXV WLHVLDL SHU DULPXV Q¡ NLHN QHãOXEXRGDPDV EHYHLN NRMRP åHP¡V QHVLHNGDPDV
E¡JR QHDWJDXGDPDV NYDSR 5DXS\V R SDVNXL M³ YLMRVL 3DXGUXY¡V LU NLWÐ NDLPÐ Y\UDL VX NXRODLV LU
mietais.
² /DLN\NLW YDJ³ ² SO\ãR QXR ULNVPR ODXNDL LU Lã DSOLQNLQLÐ NLHPÐ E¡JR YLV GDXJLDX Y\UÐ VX
kuolais.
9DUJãDV DUNOLDYDJLV MDX QHJDOYRMR NDG Y\UDL ã³ NDUW SDVLWHQNLQV YLHQ DU NLW NRM LãVXN

VXVLUÌSLQR VDYR NDLOLR LãJHOE¡MLPX WDL Q¡U¡ NDLS ]XLNLV NXUWÐ YHMDPDV .DG WLN JUHLþLDX OLJL
NDUþHPRV ² YLV ODLN E¡JGDPDV JDOYRMR ² âHãHOJD YLV NDLS QRUV LãJHOE¡V
%HW âHãHOJD NDLS WLN SULHãLQJDL JDOYRMR .DG WLN QHDWE¡JWÐ DUNOLDYDJLV ³ NDUþHP LU
QHSUDPDQ\WÐ MDP E¡GRV VX NDLPR Y\UDLV *HULDX MDX ² âHãHOJD OLQN¡MR ² QXGREWÐ M³ NXU QRUV DQW
DULPÐ NDG WLN QHUHLN¡WÐ MR GDXJLDX PDW\WL
%HW WRNLD MDX EXYR 5DXSLR ODLP¡ NDG WDGD NDL M³ DSVXSR Lã YLVÐ SXVLÐ Y\UDL VX NXRODLV MLV
SDVSUXNR NDLS NLãNLV Lã DSVXSLPR LU ³E¡JR EH NYDSR ³ NDUþHPRV NLHP 3DPDW
V âHãHOJ SXRO¡ SULHã M³
DQW NHOLÐ QRUV DQNVþLDX VX SDQLHND ³ M³ åLÌU¡MR QHV J\YHQR MLV QH WLHN Lã NDUþHPRV NLHN Lã 5DXSLR
amato.
² *HOE¡N âHãHOJD ² VXãXNR ² 3DVO¡SN NXU QRUV NDG WLN Y\UDL QHDWUDVWÐ 'HãLPW DUNOLÐ
DWYHVLX Xå LãJHOE¡MLP
² .XU Dã WDYH SDVO¡SVLX" ² QXVLJDQGR âHãHOJD ² 3DWV PDWDL Y\UDL Lã YLVÐ SXVLÐ VXSD
NLHP
² .XU QRUL EUROHOL EHW SDVO¡SN ² PDOGDYR DUNOLDYDJLV ² 1RUV ³ DODXV VWDWLQ

² .DLS W\þLD YLVRV DODXV VWDWLQ¡V SLOQRV ² VXPLãR âHãHOJD QHåLQRGDPDV N GDU\WL 3DVNXL
SULVLPLQ
V QXGåLXJR LU WDU¡ ² /¡N ³ VWDGDO LU O³VN ³ DUNOLR RG NXUL WHQ SDGåLDXWD
$QWU NDUW 5DXSLXL QHUHLN¡MR SDVDN\WL .DLS YLMXUNDV ãPXUNãWHO¡MR ³ VWDGDO LU WHQ ³OLQGR ³
SLUPR DUNOLR RG NDLS WLN SUR W YLHW SUR NXUL MDP 3LQþXNDV XåGUDXG¡ ODQGåLRWL
2 LU RGD EXYR WD SDWL NXUL Lã YDNDUR UDNDOLV QXOXSR QXR SDVPDXJWR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLR
Antro arklio oda ten pat kabojo.
5DXS\V SHU W VNXEXP LU Lã WRV EDLP¡V YLVDL XåPLUãR NDG YHOQLDV GDU\GDPDV VX MXR VXWDUW³
SDYRJWL *LUGYDLQLR DUNOLXV NDLS WLN M³ SHUVS¡MR QHO³VWL ³ WXRV DUNOLXV SUR SDVWXUJDO³ %HW 5DXS\V W
YHOQLR ³VS¡MLP SDODLN¡ NYDLOX SRNãWX LU VDYR QHODLPHL YLVDL SDPLUãR 1HEXYR NDGD LU SULVLPLQWL QHV
DSOLQN VWDGDO MDX ULQNRVL Y\UDL VX NXRODLV LU ULNVPX
² 8åPXãWL DUNOLDYDJ³
5DXSLR LU EOXVRV DSPLU¡ JLUGLQW W ULNVP %LMRMR QHW VXþLDXG¡WL NDG QHLãVLGXRWÐ NXU
SDVLVO¡S
V 2 þLDXGXO\V NDLS W\þLD QHåPRQLãNDL NXWHQR 5DNDOLV EXYR WDEDNR GXON¡PLV LãEDUVW
V
QXOXSW RG NDG PXV¡V LU NLUP¡O¡V QH¡VWÐ
2 Y\UDL VX NXRODLV MDX DSVWRMR NDUþHPRV NLHPH âHãHOJ
² .XU G¡MDL DUNOLDYDJ³" ² QHMXRNDLV JUDVLQR
² 1HPDþLDX Y\UXþLDL Dã MRNLR DUNOLDYDJLR ² P¡JLQR LãVLVXNWL âHãHOJD ² 3DV PDQH
NDUþHPD WXULX DODXV LU GHJWLQ¡V LU YLVRNLR NLWRNLR J¡ULPR SUDãDX JHUNLW NLHN WLN QRULW âLDQGLHQ Xå
G\N ãLQNXRMX
² 0DWDL NRNV JHUDV ² VXSUDWR Y\UDL NDUþHPLQLQNR NODVW ² $WLGXRN DUNOLDYDJ³ R MHL QH
WDL SDW³ SDNDUVLPH NDUþHPRMH Xå 5DXS³ LU SDGHJVLPH DUNOLDYDJLÐ OL]G WDYR SUDNHLNW NDUþHP
² 'DU\NLW JHUL åPRQ¡V N QRULW ² NU\åLDYRVL âHãHOJD ² EHW Dã QHNDOWDV 1HPDþLDX QHL
arklio, nei arkliavagio.
² ,OJDL WX þLD ]DXQ\VL ² ãÌNWHO¡MR YLHQDV Y\UDV PHVGDPDV NXRO LU LPGDPDV YLUY
 ²
.DOE¡N SRWHULXV WXRMDX J\Y ³ GDQJÐ SDNHOVLPH
3XRO¡ âHãHOJD DQW NHOLÐ LU SUDã¡ SDVLJDLO¡WL EHW DQDV VPDUNXVLV Y\UDV XåPHW¡ NLOS DQW NDNOR LU
WDLS ³YHUå¡ NDG âHãHOJDL QHW RUR SULWUÌNR
² 3DODXNLW Y\UDL QHVPDXNLW ² SUDãYRNãW¡ âHãHOJD ² $WOHLVNLW YLUY
 SDVDN\VLX
%HW WDV NXULV ODLN¡ Xå YLUY¡V GDU ODELDX WUXNWHO¡MR NDG âHãHOJDL QHW DN\V LãVSURJR
² ²OLQGR ³OLQGR ² SUDVWHQ¡MR SXWRMDQþLRP OÌSRP âHãHOJD LU NYDSR YLVDL SULWUÌNR
² .XU ³OLQGR" ² DWOHLGR YLUY

² ² *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLR NDLO³ ² SDVDN¡ DWVLNY¡SGDPDV âHãHOJD
² . WX þLD QLHNXV SDLVWDL" ² VXS\NR Y\UDL ² 7HPSNLW M³ DUNOLDYDJLÐ SDWULMDUN SR EDONLX
%HW âHãHOJD PDW\GDPDV NDG þLD QH MXRNDL QHODXN¡ NRO YLUY¡ Y¡O VXYHUã JHUNO
 LU VS¡MR
Y\UDPV SDDLãNLQWL NDG MR VWDGDORMH GåLÌVWD RGRV NXULDV Lã YDNDUR QXOXSR QXR *LUGYDLQLR HUåLOÐ LU
NXULRVH GDEDU NDLS WLN \UD SDVLVO¡S
V DUNOLDYDJLV 5DXS\V
² (LNLW Y\UDL SDåLÌU¡WL N MLV þLD PHOXRMD" ² SDVLÌO¡ ODLNV Xå YLUY¡V ² 2 Dã WXR WDUSX
palaikysiu, jeigu bus sumeluota, tai ir keliu po balkiu.
'DEDU âHãHOJD QXVLJDQGR NDG DUNOLDYDJLV QHSDE¡JWÐ Lã DUNOLR RGRV WDL QHW DWVLNODXS
V SUDG¡MR
prašyti:
² 3DVNXELQNLW Y\UXþLDL WLNWDL SDVNXELQNLW
² 6S¡VL NDERWL ² DWVDN¡ MDP ODLNV Xå YLUY¡V R NLWL Y\UDL VX NXRODLV QX¡MR ³ VWDGDO
SDåLÌU¡WL
3R EDONLX WLNUDL NDERMR GYL DUNOLR RGRV YLHQD VXEOLXãNXVL NLWD LãVLSÌWXVL 5DXS\V LãJLUG
V
NDG ³ VWDGDO VXJXå¡MR Y\UDL YLVDV DSPLU¡ Lã EDLP¡V EHW SUDNHLNWDV þLDXGXO\V WDLS ¡P¡ NXWHQWL QRV³
NDG QHLãNHQW¡ LU VXþLDXG¡MR
² 0DWDL QHVXPHODYR âHãHOJD ² LãJLUGR 5DXS\V NDåN VDNDQW LU VXSUDWR NDG M³ LãGDY¡ MR
VHQDV GUDXJDV NDUþHPLQLQNDV
² ,U MLV QH JHUHVQLV ² VXãXNR WDGD 5DXS\V LU QRU¡MR O³VWL Lã RGRV EHW þLD MDP NDåNDV
WDXNãWHO¡MR VX NXROX ³ NDNW NDG MLV WLN YLDXNWHO¡MR LU DWJDO ³VPXNR ³ RG
 .RO 5DXS\V DWVLSHLN¡MR Y\UDL DSWDU¡ N VX DUNOLDYDJLX GDU\WL 1LHNDV QHQRU¡MR LPWL DQW VDYR
VåLQ¡V NDG LU DUNOLDYDJLR QXJDODELMLPR WRG¡O QXWDU¡ XåVLÌWL DUNOLDYDJ³ VX MR GÌãLD DUNOLR RGRMH NDG MLV
GDXJLDX GLHQRV ãYLHVRV QHEHPDW\WÐ LU DUNOLÐ QHEHYRJWÐ
.DLS WDU¡ WDLS SDGDU¡ 7XRMDX DWVLUDGR DGDWD VX \OD LU Y\UDL ¡P¡VL GDUER -DX EDLJ¡ VLÌWL RG
OLNR WLNWDL PDåD VN\OXW¡ SR XRGHJD NDL 5DXS\V DWVLSHLN¡MR LU ¡P¡ SUDã\WL SDVLJDLO¡WL
² 1HQXVLPLQN ² UDPLQR Y\UDL ² 0HV WDX QLHNR EORJR QHSDGDU\VLPH 7LNWDL DSVLÌVLPH
DUNOLR RGD LU WDLS SDOLNVLPH DQW DPåLQÐMÐ NDG QHL WX QHL WDYR GÌãLD GDXJLDX QHEHLãO³VWÐ LU
QHVXVLJXQG\WÐ DUNOLÐ YRJWL
Raupiui nieko kita neliko, tiktai susitaikyti su savo likimu. Tiesa, tas likimas buvo visiškai
WDPVXV QRUV Y\UDL LU SDOLNR QHXåVLÌW SDVNXWLQ
VN\OXW

² 7HJX ² WDU¡ ² SDOLNVLPH LU MDP NDLS WDP NXSUDQXJDULXL ãLW VN\OXW
 NDG LU MR GÌãLD
JDO¡WÐ LãO³VWL MHLJX EXV YHUWD
³ GDQJDXV NDUDO\VW

3DVNXL Y\UDL OLHS¡ âHãHOJDL DWULWLQWL
³ VWDGDO GHãLPW EDþNÐ DODXV J¡U¡ SHU YLV GLHQ LU JLHGRMR
Xå DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãL PXãGDPL NDLS ³ EÌJQ ³ DUNOLR RG NXULRMH EXYR XåVLÌWDV QHODLPLQJDV DUNOLDYDJLV
Raupys.
3DYDNDUH ³ VWDGDO N\ãWHO¡MR JDOY -XUJXWLV LHãNRGDPDV âHãHOJRV LU QRU¡GDPDV DWJDXWL VDYR
SDVDJDV EHW SDPDW
V NDV þLD GDURVL SDE¡JR QXVLJDQG
V NDG LU MR QHQXSOXPSLQWÐ Xå YDJ\VW

%HW MR QLHNDV LU QHSDVWHE¡MR 7LNWDL WHPVWDQW SDNUDLJ¡MH ãP¡VWHO¡MR ãLNãQRVSDUQLV VXVSLJR LU
išskrido.
² $U WLN QH DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãLD" ² VXVLGRP¡MR Y\UDL LU DSþLXSLQ¡MR RG
3R YLVÐ SOXPSLQLPÐ RGD NDERMR VXGULEXVL LU MRMH JXO¡MR 5DXS\V EH NYDSR 7DLS ³VLPDJLQ

Y\UDL LU QHSDVWHE¡MR NDGD XåSDPSLQR YDUJã DUNOLDYDJ³ R NDV VX MR GÌãLD DWVLWLNR ² LãVNULGR
neišskrido su šikšnosparniu — taip ir pasiliko lig laiko neaišku.

XXXV

7XRMDX SR DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR åXYLPR NDUþHPQLQNDV âHãHOJD SDPDW¡ NDG QHEHEXV MDP
GDXJLDX J\YHQLPR QHV QHEXV YRJWÐ DUNOLÐ QHEHEXV LU MÐ XRGHJÐ 2 Lã WÐ XRGHJÐ âHãHOJD VYDUELDXVLD
LU J\YHQR 0HQNDV SHOQDV EXYR PXåLNDP DULHON ãLQNXRWL 1H WLHN SUDJHUV NLHN WULXNãPR SULGDU\V
.RNV JL þLD NDG LU ãXQEDMRULXL J\YHQLPDV"
2 EH WR SR WRNLR QHJDUELQJR 5DXSLR QXJDODELMLPR PXåLNDL YLVDL ³VLGUVLQR LU WRNLH DNLSO¡ãRV
SDVLGDU¡ NDG WX EDMRUH âHãHOJD E¡N QRUV ³ VYLHWR JDO YLVN SDOLN
V 7LHVLRJ ãS\JRP EDG¡ LU VWDþLDL ³
DNLV MXRN¡VL
² 1D NDLS GDEDU WDX SDQ âHãHOJHYLþ VHNDVL EH DUNOLDYDJLR" 7XU EÌW QHNDLS NDG QRV³
nuleidai?
âHãHOJD EDQG¡ LU NDQWUXPX LU W\O¡MLPX QXVLNUDW\WL DNLSO¡ãÐ EHW WDL QLHNR QHJHOE¡MR SULHãLQJDL
âHãHOJRV QXRODLGXPDV GDU ODELDX NXUVW¡ QHGRU¡OLXV Lã MR W\þLRWLV
7DL âHãHOJD JDOYRMR ãLDLS JDOYRMR WDLS SDJDOLDX QXVSUHQG¡ HLWL SDVLWDUWL VX VDYR ELþLXOLX
3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ YHOQLX 3LQþXNX
.HOLDV EXYR QHWROLPDV ,ã¡MR SULHã YLGXQDNW³ QHV WLNWDL SDþLDP YLGXQDNW³ JDOLPD EXYR 3LQþXN
SULVLVDXNWL %HW MXR DUþLDX SHONLÐ MXR GLGHVQ¡ EDLP¡ ¡P¡ âHãHOJ 'DU LãJVWLV EXYR QHSUD¡M
V SR
5DXSLR QXJDODELMLPR 2 3LQþXNDV WHJX LU SULHWHOLXV EHW YLV G¡OWR YHOQLDV N åLQDL åPRJXV NR MLV JDOL
SUDVLPDQ\WL" -HLJX MDX åPRQ¡V YLVLãNDL SDELXUR NR JDOL ODXNWL Lã YHOQLÐ"
7RNV ãLXUSXO\V ¡P¡ NU¡VWL âHãHOJ R SDVNXL SUDG¡MR LU NLQNRV GUHE¡WL NDG YRV QHVXJU³åR DWJDO
NDL MDX EXYR SUL¡M
V SULH SDW SHONLÐ %HW SDWV VDYH þLD VXJ¡GLQR NDG EDMRUDV LU ELMRVL YHOQLR VXNDXS¡
YLV GUV WULV NDUWXV VXãYLOS¡ LU GUHEDQþLX EDOVX SDãDXN¡
² 3LQþXN QHXåWUXN DSLH NHOP DSVLVXN LU WXRMDX þLD SDW SULEÌN
âDXN¡ YLHQ NDUW ² QLHNR ãDXN¡ DQWU NDUW ² W\OX WLN NUÌPDL SDWDPV\MH þHåD SDãDXN¡
WUHþL NDUW ² QHW SODXNDL DQW JDOYRV SR NHSXUH SDVLãLDXã¡ 7LN NODLNLDL QXVLåYHQJ¡ NDåNDV YLGXU\MH
SHONLÐ R þLD SDW QHPDWRPDV EDOVDV DWVLOLHS¡
— Ko tau reikia, kad vidurnaktyje iš miego keli?
² *\YHQLPR PDQ QHE¡UD ² SUDãYHEOHQR YLV GDU GUHE¡GDPDV âHãHOJD QRUV LU SDåLQR VDYR
SULHWHOLÐ Lã EDOVR ² 1XJDODELMR WLH FKDPDL 5DXS³ WLNUL DNLSO¡ãRV SDVLGDU¡ N Dã GDEDU GDU\VLX"
² 2 NDV PDQ GDUER" ² DWVDN¡ YLV GDU QHSDWHQNLQWDV 3LQþXNDV ² 6DNLDX WDP JLUWXRNOLXL NDG
QHO³VWÐ *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDP SUR SDVWXUJDO³ NR OLQGR"
² .DG QHEXYR NLWRV LãHLWLHV ² P¡JLQR âHãHOJD SDWHLVLQWL VDYR GUDXJ
² 1HEXYR WDL LU SUDåXYR ² DEHMLQJDL DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² 2 WDX NR UHLNLD"
² 3DWDUN SULHWHOL NDLS PDQ GDEDU J\YHQWL" ² PDOGDYR âHãHOJD ² âS\JRP PDQH PXåLNDL
XåEDG\V 3DG¡N PDQ QXR MÐ DSVLJLQWL
² (W ² VXS\NR YLVDL 3LQþXNDV ² .DLS Dã WDX SDG¡VLX" 6XNLV SDWV NDLS LãPDQDL $ã VDYR
E¡GÐ WXULX %H WR QXVLODNVþLDX SHU åLHP *LUGYDLQ³ EHNODLGLQGDPDV QRU¡þLDX NLHN SDLOV¡WL LU
išsimiegoti.
² 7DL WX ãLWRNV ² ³VLåHLG¡ âHãHOJD 1HVXODXNWD JDOYD NDG ãLWDLS EDMRUDV åHPLQWÐVL SULHã
QXVXVXV³ YHOQL LU GDU QLHNR QHODLP¡WÐ ²9DGLQDV DSOHLGL QHODLP¡MH GUDXJ" 1D JHUDL SDPLQ¡VL
7DL SDVDN
V âHãHOJD QHW SDWV QXVLJDQGR Lã NXU WLHN GUVRV DWVLUDGR NDOE¡WL VX YHOQLX LU GDU
YLGXUQDNW\MH DQW SHONLÐ NUDãWR $U WUXNW þLD LU QXJUDP]GLQV ³ OLHNQR GXJQ %HW MHLJX MDX ³åHLVWDV
EDMRULãNDV XQDUDV ² NDV EXV WDV EXV EHW QHJDOL EDMRUDV QXVLOHLVWL 7DL LU å¡U¡ âHãHOJD YLV VDYR
DSPDXG YHOQLXL WLHVLDL ³ DNLV
² 1HS\N ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ 3LQþXNDV² -HLJX MDX WDLS ODEDL QRUL JDOL DWVLNHUã\WL Xå 5DXSLR
QXJDODELMLP 1X¡M
V ³ PLHVW DSVNÐVN YDOGåLDL NDG PXåLNDL PDLãW NHOLD LU QHNDOW åPRJÐ QXåXG¡
3UDG¡V MXRV WDPS\WL SR NDO¡MLPXV NDG QHW 5DXSLR LPV JDLO¡WLV 2 MHLJX GDU EXV WDX PDåD WDL ULQN
DUNOLÐ S¡GDV VSLDXN WULV NDUWXV LU WDUN .DG LU MÌV WDLS QXVLYDU\WXWH NDLS *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL ,U
NULV WLH DUNOLDL NXULÐ S¡GDV SDVSLDXG\VL 3UDåXG\VL GDXJLDX DUNOLÐ QHJX 5DXS\V QXMRMR LU DWNHUã\VL
VDYR SULHãLQLQNDPV 7LNWDL QHVSLDXN SULHã Y¡M NDG VDX EDU]GRV QHDSVSLDXWXP 7DGD LãWLNV WDYH
QHODLP¡ 2 GDEDU OLN VYHLNDV LU QHWUXNG\N PDQ
V 7\NR %DOWDUDJLV VX VLGDEUR NXOND EHW QHSDY\NV MDP
PDQ
V QXãDXWL 'DU MLV QHåLQR N Dã MDP LãWDLV\VLX² SDVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV QXVLåYHQJ¡ Lã VHQR SDSUDWLPR
ir dingo.
2 âHãHOJD DSVLGåLDXJ¡ NDG JDO¡V PXåLNDP DWVLNHUã\WL LU SDWV VDX WDU¡
² 1D GDEDU SDURG\VLX WLHPV ãXQVQXNLDPV N Dã JDOLX
3DWHQNLQWDV VXJU³åR DWJDO ³ NDUþHP LU Q¡ U\WR QHVXODXN
V QXWDU¡ WXRMDX SUDG¡WL YHLNWL 7DL
PLJ
V QHPLJ
V VX JDLGJ\VWH DWVLN¡O¡ SDVLNLQN¡ ³ NDODPDãN SXVLDX QXGY¡VXVL NXPHO
LU LãYDåLDYR ³
PLHVW
'DU EXYR DQNVW\YDV U\WDV YRV SUDG¡MR DXãWL R NHOLDV WROLPDV 1RU¡MR DQNVþLDX QXYDåLXRWL NDG
VS¡WÐ DSHLWL YLVRNL YDOGåL LU DSVNÐVWL QHNODXåDGDV PXåLNXV 6X SDY\GX SULVLPLQ¡ EDXGåLDYRV ODLNXV
QHUHLN¡WÐ GDEDU EHOVWLV SUR WDPV ³ PLHVW SDWV EL]ÌQX LãOXSWÐ SXV
YDOVþLDXV NDG PHWXV NLWXV NDV\WÐVL
LU PLQ¡WÐ SRQR PDORQ
 2 GDEDU ² QLHNR QHSDGDU\VL ² SULHãDXãU\MH QLXNV¡MR LU EDG¡ ERWNRþLX
NXPHOSDODLN
 NDG WD EHQW NLHN YLNULDX MXG¡WÐ EHW NXPHO¡ O\J W\þLD EDNVWHO¡MXV M VX ERWNRþLX
VXVWRGDYR WDUVL QRU¡GDPD SDNODXVWL NR WX þLD GXUQLDX EDGDLVL"
² .DG WDYH NXU JLOWLQ¡ ² QHLãNHQW
V NHLN¡VL âHãHOJD ² 6X WRNLD JLWQDUD QHEHQW WLNWDL ³
SHNO VPDORV YDåLXRWL R QH ³ PLHVW VNXELDLV UHLNDODLV
%HVLEDUDQW VX NXPHOH SUDG¡MR ãYLVWL LU âHãHOJD SDPDW¡ DQW NHOLR GDXJ\E
DUNOLÐ S¡GÐ
$WVLPLQ¡ NDG YDNDU EXYR WXUJXV PDW\W GDXJ NDV Lã 3DXGUXY¡V EXYR YDåLDY
V ³ PLHVW âHãHOJD
DSVLGåLDXJ¡ NDG ODLNX LãYDåLDYR ² GX ]XLNLX Lã NDUWR QXãDXVLV LU YDOGåLDL PXåLNXV DSVNÐVLV LU MÐ
DUNOLXV LãJDLãLQVLV
7DL âHãHOJD LãOLS
V Lã NDODPDãNRV SUDG¡MR ULQNWL DUNOLÐ S¡GDV VSLDXG\WL QXVLJU³å
V SDY¡MXL LU
NDOE¡WL EXUWÐ åRGåLXV 1HYDURPD NXPHO¡ VX NDODPDãND YLV DWVLJU³åGDYR WDU\WXP VWHE¡GDPDVL NRG¡O
MRV QHEDNVL ERWNRþLX R NDåN UHQND QXR NHOLR %HW âHãHOJD EXYR WDLS XåVL¡P
V NDG LU QHSDVWHE¡MR NR
þLD WD MR NXPHO¡ GDLURVL 7LNWDL WDGD M SULVLPLQ¡ NDL DWVLPXã¡ NDNWD ³ VXVWRMXVL NDODPDãN PDW EXYR
SDVLOHQN
V QDXMRV S¡GRV XåEXUWL LU SDN¡O
V JDOY SLNWDL ãÌNWHO¡MR
— Nu, sterva, ar jau nepasivelki?
%HW NXPHO¡ QHW QHDWVLJU³åR SDVLåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD DQW MRV ãÌNDXMD WLNWDL SDVLÌEDYR ³ ãRQXV LU
griuvo viduryje kelio.
² 1DJL þLD GDEDU NDV" ² QXVWHER âHãHOJD ² $U JDLãWL XåVLPDQHL"
.XPHO¡ MDX EÌU¡ VX NRMRPLV LU GDQWLV LããLHS¡
² 1HJL EÌþLDX VDYR NXPHO¡V S¡GDV XåEÌU
V" ² DWVLNYRã¡MR âHãHOJD  JL åLÌUL SDVNXWLQ¡
S¡GD NXUL VSLDXG¡ NDLS WLN LU \UD MR E¡URVLRV ² .DG WDX NXU JDODV ãLWDLS QHDSVLåLÌU¡WL
%HW G¡O NXPHO¡V QHQXVLPLQ¡ âHãHOJD SULHãLQJDL GDUJL DSVLGåLDXJ¡ QHV SDPDW¡ NDG WLNUDL
3LQþXNR SDWDUWL EXUWDL SDGHGD 7DL SDOLN
V EDMRULãN NDODPDãN VX QXGY¡VXVLD NXPHOH NHOLR YLGXU\MH
QX¡MR WROLDX S¡VþLDV ³ PLHVW VSLDXG\GDPDV ³ NLHNYLHQ DUNOLR S¡G NDG SDJDOLDX QHW VHLOLÐ SULWUÌNR LU
EXUQD YLVLãNDL LãGåLÌYR
3DVLHN
V PLHVW âHãHOJD WDLS SDW QHJDLãR /DNVW¡ QHW OLHåXY³ LãNLã
V QXR YLHQR ãXQDGYRNDþLR
SDV NLW YLV UDã\GDPDV VNXQGXV LU QHãLRGDPDV YDOGåLDL NDG 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR PXåLNDL SUDG¡MR PDLãW
NHOWL LU åXG\WL QHNDOWXV åPRQHV
9DOGåLD SDVLåDG¡MR DWVLÐVWL YLV EDXGåLDPM³ EÌU³ PXåLNDPV QXPDOãLQWL LU âHãHOJD QRUV LU EH
NXPHO¡V LU EH NDODPDãNRV ODEDL SDWHQNLQWDV JU³åR DWJDO ³ VDYR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP YLV GDU SDNHOLXL
VSLDXG\GDPDV ³ DUNOLÐ S¡GDV LU GåLDXJGDPDVLV NDG WRNLD EDLVL EDXVP¡ LãWLNV 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW
6XJU³å
V ³ VDYR NDUþHP QLHNR GDXJLDX QHYHLN¡ WLNWDL åYDOJ¡VL SUR ODQJXV LU WU\Q¡ Lã
GåLDXJVPR UDQNDV ODXNGDPDV NDV þLD GDEDU EXV

XXXVI

1D LU SUDG¡MR 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH G¡WLV QHSDSUDVWL GDO\NDL 3LUPLDXVLD ¡P¡ NULVWL DUNOLDL
7LHVLRJ NDåNRNV PDUDV Xå¡MR 9LVDL QHJDOLPD EXYR VXSUDVWL QLHNDP ³ JDOY QHDW¡MR NDG þLD EÌWÐ WRNV
EDLVXV âHãHOJRV NHUãWDV VYHLNLDXVL DUNOLDL NULVGDYR DQW NHOLR EHYDåLXRMDQW þLD SDW DN\VH DUED U\W
DWUDVGDYR WYDUWXRVH WDUVL SDVPDXJWXV ,U WDL YLV SDW\V JHULDXVLHML DUNOLDL VWRQLQLDL LãYDåLXRMDPLHML
WDUVL SUDåXY
*LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL EÌWÐ SDVNXL VDYH SDWUDXN
YLVXV NLWXV DUNOLXV
7RNLR DUNOLÐ PDUR QHW VHQL åPRQ¡V QHSULVLPLQ¡ .DG EHQW NRNLD OLJD ² QHVLVWHE¡WXP R þLD ²
VYHLNLDXVL DUNOLDL SUDG¡GDYR NULRNWL LU XåYHUVGDYR NRMDV 1HQRURPLV SUDG¡MR VS¡OLRWL åPRQ¡V NDV þLD
EÌWÐ LU Lã NXU WRNV PDUDV VWDLJD Xå¡M
V
1LHNDV QHSDJDOYRMR NDG þLD âHãHOJD EÌWÐ NDOWDV -XN MR DUNO\V SDWV SLUPDVLV DQW NHOLR
SDGY¡V¡ R EDMRULãND NDODPDãND OLJL ãLRV GLHQRV ULRJVRMR QXVWXPWD ³ SDJULRY³ %HW åPRQLÐ DN\V YLV WLHN
QXNU\SR ³ âHãHOJRV NDUþHP -XN WLHV WD NDUþHPD NULWR *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL QXR WHQ LU SUDVLG¡MR
PDUDV $U WLN QH MLH LU XåQHã¡"
2 þLD GDU SULVLPLQ¡ åPRQ¡V DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR QXJDODELMLP *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRMH .DL NDV
QHW DSJDLOHVWDYR LU WDUGDYR NDG YLV G¡OWR JDO LU EH UHLNDOR Y\UDL WDLS QHJDLOHVWLQJDL QRUV LU OLQNVPDL
XåSDPSLQR DUNOLDYDJ³ 7HJX MLV LU QXMRGDYR YLHQ NLW DUNO³ R GDEDU ² GLQJVWD DUNO\V ³ M³ EHåLÌULQW LU
nieko negali padaryti.
$N\OHVQL åPRQ¡V QHW QHSDSUDVWÐ GDO\NÐ EXYR PDW
 .DL NULVGDYR VWDLJD DUNO\V WDL
SDVLYDLGLQGDY
V NDLS LU DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR ãHã¡OLV WDUVL MLV QXMRGDY
V DQW DUNOLR R åPRJXL SDOLNGDYXVL
WLNWDL GY¡VHOLHQD ,U MXR WROLDX MXR GDXJLDX DWVLUDGR åPRQLÐ NXULH PDW
LU DLãNLDL SDåLQ
DUNOLDYDJLR
5DXSLR GÌãL EHVLãDLSDQW NDL JDLãGDY
V DUNO\V 7DU\WXP Lã DQR SDVDXOLR EÌWÐ DWNHOLDY
V DUNOLDYDJLV
SDVLW\þLRWL Lã åPRQLÐ SUDUDQGDQþLÐ VDYR DUNOLXV 2 þLD SDYDVDULV DUW¡MR N GDU\VL SDYDVDU³ EH DUNOLR"
7DL GDXJ NDV NDG LU QHQRU¡GDPL VPHUN¡ 5DXSLR QXJDODELQWRMXV NDP WRNL QHODLP
XåWUDXN

%HW WLH NXULH GDO\YDYR MR QXJDODELMLPH LU NXULÐ DUNOLDL GDU QHEXYR QXJDLã
 EDQG¡ MXRNDLV
SDYHUVWL YLV SULHWDU YLVD E¡GD NDG WRV SDVNXWLQ¡V VN\OXW¡V QHXåVLXY
 PDW SUDNHLNWD DUNOLDYDJLR
GÌãLD QH NLWDLS NDLS SUR W VN\OXW
LãOLQGXVL LU GDEDU NHUã\GDPD VPDXJLDQWL DUNOLXV QHJDO¡GDPD MÐ
SDYRJWL %HW LU WLH MHLJX WLN QXJDLãGDY
V MÐ DUNO\V QXVWRGDYR MXRNDY
 QHV SDJDOLDX Lã NXU JDOL åLQRWL
NDV þLD GDURVL" 7DGD QRURPLV QHQRURPLV LU WLH QXVLOHLVGDYR JDO LU EH UHLNDOR QXSDPSLQ
DUNOLDYDJ³
%HW WDGD WDLS MDX QHOHPWDL YLVNDV VXVLNORVW¡ LU ELDXULDL Lã¡MR .LWX DWYHMX JDO EÌWÐ NLHN LU LãOXS
NDLO³
VXWUXPSLQ
YLHQ DU NLW NRM LU SDOHLG
 R GDEDU NDL MLV SDWV EXYR ³OLQG
V ³ DUNOLR RG WDL NLHNYLHQDV
OXSR EH JDLOHVþLR LU QHSDJDOYRMR NDG GÌãL Lã NÌQR YDUR
%HW N GDEDU GDU\VL" 3DGDU\WD ² QHDWLWDLV\VL 1HEHQW QXHLWL SDV NOHERQ %RQLIDF %RELQ NDL
NDV QHW ULPWDL VLÌO¡ XåSLUNWL PLãLÐ Xå DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãL JDO ML DWVLOHLVLDQWL LU GDXJLDX QHEHNHUã\VLDQWL
EHW UHQJ¡VL åPRQ¡V LU QHSULVLUHQJ¡ .DV þLD GDEDU HLV LU NDLS HLV XåSLUNWL PLãLÐ Xå DUNOLDYDJ³ WDUVL Xå
NRN³ JLPLQ
" .DåNDLS QHSDWRJX LU QHW J¡GD EXYR WDL NHQW¡ åPRQ¡V QHåLQRGDPL N GDU\WL LU WLHN
7LNWDL YLHQDV NDUþHPQLQNDV âHãHOJD EXYR ODEDL SDWHQNLQWDV LU QHW GåLDXJ¡VL .LHNYLHQD SURJD
primindavo:
² 6DNLDX QHåXG\NLWH QHNDOWR åPRJDXV *HUDV QHNDOWDVLV 'DEDU PDWRWH NDV Lã WR Lã¡MR 2
EXV GDU EORJLDX 1H WLN DUNOLDL LãJDLã EHW QH YLHQDV GDU LU NDO¡MLPH VXSXV
1HWLN¡MR åPRQ¡V NDG WDLS JDO¡WÐ EÌWL MRJ Xå DUNOLDYDJ³ SUDG¡WÐ WDPS\WL åPRQHV SR NDO¡MLPXV
%HW SR NHOLÐ GLHQÐ ¡P¡ LU DWY\NR EDXGåLDPDVLV EÌU\V ³ 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW âHãHOJRV VNXQGÐ LãNYLHVWDV
PDLãWR VORSLQWL 'HMD MRNLR PDLãWR QHVXUDGR R DWUDGR WLNWDL NHLVW DUNOLÐ PDU 7DL NDG LU MÐ DUNOLDL
QHXåVLNU¡VWÐ LU QHSUDG¡WÐ NULVWL SDVNXERPLV LãJ¡U¡ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRMH SRU ERVHOLÐ GHJWLQ¡V LU
LãMRMR YLVR ODER VXUDã
SURWRNRO G¡O DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR QXåXG\PR Lã âHãHOJRV åRGåLÐ LU M³ SDW³
DSVWXPG
LU LãSOÌG
 NDP SULPHODYR LU VXYHGåLRMR
,ãMRMXV EÌULXL VXVLULQNR ³ NDUþHP NDLPR Y\UDL VXåLQRWL NR þLD EXYR DWMRM
LU N UHQJLDVL
GDU\WL 1HJL Lã WLNUÐMÐ Xå DUNOLDYDJ³ EDXVWL" âHãHOJD P¡JLQR WYLUWLQWL NDG þLD EXYR WLNWDL åYDOJDL R
DWMRV YLVD NDULXRPHQ¡ LU QXãOXRV 3DXGUXY¡V NDLPXV QXR åHP¡V SDYLUãLDXV %HW Y\UDL PDW\GDPL SDW³
âHãHOJ DSVWXPG\W LU QHODEDL VNODQGåLDL PHOXRMDQW³ QHSDWLN¡MR 3ULHãLQJDL XåXRW QXVLJDQG
 DSVWRMR
VX OD]GRPLV âHãHOJ LU SULJUDVLQR
² 1D WX åLÌU¡N UXSÌåH -HL SUDG¡VL VNÐVWL WDL EXV WDX EORJLDX QHJX 5DXSLXL .RO DWY\NV WD
NDULXRPHQ¡ PHV WDYH LU S¡VþL QXVLÐVLPH SDV 5DXS³
² . MÌV Y\UDL" ² WHLVLQRVL QXVLJDQG
V âHãHOJD ² .XU Dã þLD VNÐVLX" 0DQ LU ³ JDOY
QHDW¡MR
2 YLV G¡OWR SULVNXQG¡ SULPHODYR åDOW\V LU DSLH WXRV NXULXRV PDW¡ VWDGDORMH 5DXS³ SDPSLQDQW
LU DSLH WXRV NXULÐ QHPDW¡ WLN ãLDLS SLNW DN³ WXU¡MR %HW WR Y\UDL QHåLQRMR LU LãVLVNLUVW¡ QLHNR EORJR
âHãHOJDL QHSDGDU

%HW âHãHOJD Y\UDPV Lã¡MXV YLVDL QHNDLS SDVLMXWR .RNV þLD JDOL EÌWL J\YHQLPDV ,U EÌU\V
DWY\N
V PXåLNÐ PDOãLQWL M³ SDW³ EDMRU âHãHOJ DSVWXPG¡ LU GDU PXåLNDL VX OD]GRPLV SULJUDVLQR 1H
MHLJX ãLWDLS NORMDVL WDL MDX YLVDL QHE¡UD J\YHQLPR
$SVLJDOYRM
V âHãHOJD WDU¡ GDU NDUW QXHLWL SDV 3LQþXN LU SDVLWDUWL *DO LU DWVLUDV NRNLD LãHLWLV
%HW QX¡M
V ³ SHONHV ãDXN¡ ãDXN¡ LU QLHNR SULVLãDXNWL QHJDO¡MR
3DJDOYRMR NDG LU 3LQþXNDV SDVNXWLQLV SULHWHOLXV EXV M³ DSOHLG
V LU EXYR EHJU³åWV DWJDO EHW
þLD LãOLQGR Lã PDXUÐ 3LQþXNDV LU SLNWDL SDNODXV¡
— Ko gi tau dar reikia?
² $N SDQ 3LQþXN ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ âHãHOJD QRUV LU EXYR QXVLPLQ
V ² 9LV WLHN PDQ QHE¡UD
MRNLR J\YHQLPR ,U YDOGåLDL VNXQGåLDX LU DUNOLDL NULQWD EHW NRNLD PDQ Lã WR QDXGD" $WMRMR
EDXGåLDPDVLV EÌU\V PDQH SLUPM³ DSVWXPG¡ R SDVNXL VXVLULQN
PXåLNDL OD]GRPLV SUDG¡MR JUDVLQWL
² (W VX WDYLP J\YD E¡GD ² DWVDN¡ QHSDWHQNLQWDV 3LQþXNDV ² ,U WDLS WDX QHJHUDL LU WDLS
QHJHUDL ²JULVDL WX PDQ OLJL J\YR NDXOR
² %HW N JL PDQ GDU\WL SDQ 3LQþXN ² EHYLOWLãNDL VXGHMDYR âHãHOJD
² 1DJL O³VN þLD SDV PDQH ³ PDXUXV MHLJX QHWXUL NXU G¡WLV ² SLNWDL DWãRY¡ 3LQþXNDV
² . WX SDQ 3LQþXN" ² QXVLJDQGR âHãHOJD ² .DV JL NDUþHP ODLN\V PXåLNXV JLUG\V LU MÐ
GÌãLDV ³ SUDJDU YDU\V"
² 1D MDX JHUDL ² QHQRURPLV VXWLNR 3LQþXNDV ² 'DU NDUW WDX SDWDUVLX EHW SDVNXWLQ³ *DOL
SUDG¡WL J\G\WL DUNOLXV NXULXRV XåNHU¡MDL 3DSÌVN ³ W DUNOLR NDQRS NXULRV S¡G XåNHU¡MDL LU WDUN
.\ãW O\åW ³VDNDX WDX LãJ\W 7LNWDL QHVXSDLQLRN NDQRSRV QHV NLWDLS VSLUV WDX DUNO\V LU GDQWLV LãEDUVW\V
%H WR VDXJRNLV *LUGYDLQLR .ULWXV MR REXROPXãLDP Dã QHJDOLX MR GDXJLDX YHGåLRWL LU MLV JU³åWD -HLJX
VX MXR VXVLWLNVL VX GÌPDLV LãUÌNVL %HW PDQ
V GDXJLDX QHWUXNG\N 7XULX Dã LU EH WDY
V UÌSHVþLÐ .R þLD
dabar mane nuolat trukdai?
² *HUDL² SULåDG¡MR âHãHOJD ² 'DXJLDX WDY
V QHWUXNG\VLX .DLS QRUV SDWV YLHQDV
išsiversiu.
6XJU³åR âHãHOJD ³ NDUþHP JDOYRGDPDV NDG GDEDU MLV JDO¡V SXLNLDXVLDL YHUVWLV LU EH 3LQþXNR
LU EH DUNOLDYDJLR åLQRGDPDV WRNLDV SDVODSWLV NDLS DSVDUJGLQWL DUNOLXV LU MXRV SDJ\G\WL 7DL SDUHLGDPDV
QXWDU¡ YHUVWLV DUNOLÐ J\G\PR DPDWX
7LNWDL QH WDLS YLVNDV Lã¡MR 5\WRMDXV GLHQ SUDG¡MR JLUWLV âHãHOJD NDG MLV JDO³V SDJ\G\WL
VHUJDQþLXV DUNOLXV MHLJX MDP JHUDL XåPRN¡WÐ
,ã SUDGåLÐ åPRQ¡V WLNWDL MXRN¡VL Lã WRNLR âHãHOJRV SDVLJ\ULPR R SDVNXL YLHQDV NLWDV SUDG¡MR
DEHMRWL R N JDO WDV YHOQLR LãSHUD LU åLQR NDLS DUNOLXV LãJHOE¡WL"
1XVLYHG¡ YLHQDV SDV VDYR DUNO³ âHãHOJD SDSÌW¡ ³ NDQRS NDåN SDPXUP¡MR LU SDJLMR DUNO\V
1XVLYHG¡ NLWDV LU WDV SDJLMR %XYR SDWHQNLQWDV âHãHOJD LU ÌNLQLQNDL QRUV LU LãPHW¡ âHãHOJDL Xå DUNOLR
SDJ\G\P SR GHãLPWUXEO
 %HW JHUDV DUNO\V YHUWHVQLV Xå SLQLJXV 2 âHãHOJD MDX SUDG¡MR VNDLþLXRWL
NLHN JDO¡V XåGLUEWL LU NDGD JDO¡V LãSLUNWL VDYR SURVHQLÐ SUDJHUWXV GYDUXV %HW QX¡MR SDV WUHþL DUNO³
QHVS¡MR QHL SDSÌVWL QHL EXUWÐ åRGåLÐ SDVDN\WL DUNO\V NDG VSLUV âHãHOJDL LU VXYDU¡ YLVXV GDQWLV ³
JHUNO

6XJU³åR ³ NDUþHP âHãHOJD QLHNR QHODLP¡M
V WLNWDL NUHQNãGDPDV LU VSLDXG\GDPDV GDQWLV
1HOHQJYDV YLV G¡OWR GDLNWDV EÌWL DUNOLÐ GDNWDUX 7DL SDU¡M
V JDOYRMR NDLS þLD DSVLGUDXGXV QXR WRNLÐ
QHODLPLQJÐ DWVLWLNLPÐ -XN GDåQDL JDOL SDVLWDLN\WL NDG SDLPV QH W NDQRS NXULRV S¡G XåEÌU¡ 7DGD
QH WLN YLVÐ GDQWÐ QHWHNVL EHW LU JDOY SDO\G¡VL
%HW QHVS¡MR âHãHOJD YLVN JHUDL DSJDOYRWL NDL LãWLNR QDXMRV LU GDXJ GLGHVQ¡V QHODLP¡V R
3LQþXNR QHJDO¡MR SULVLãDXNWL QHV MLV SDWV ³NOLXYR ³ VDYR E¡GDV

XXXVII

%DOWDUDJLV YLV GDU QDNWLPLV W\NRMR 3LQþXNR SDVLVO¡S

V PDOÌQH Xå 8UãXO¡V VLMRQR VX ãDXWXYX
XåWDLV\WX VLGDEUR NXONRP
%HW 3LQþXNDV QHVLURG¡ XåLPWDV VDYR SLNWDLV GDUEDLV -LV VX âHãHOJD ³YDU¡ VLDXER DUNOLÐ PDUX
YLVDP 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWXL
%DOWDUDJLV QXPDQ¡ NDV þLD GDURVL LU VWLSULDL VSDXG¡ ãDXWXY UDQNRVH ODXNGDPDV NDGD
SDVLURG\V WDV QHQDXG¡OLV
%HW ODXN¡ ODXN¡ ² GDXJ QHPLJRV QDNWÐ SUDOHLGR QHULPDXGDPDV LU EDLVLDL SDYDUJR ²
SDJDOLDX ¡P¡ LU XåPLJR
2 3LQþXNDV NDLS WLN QXW\NRMR W DNLPLUNVQ³ LU WDU¡ NDG EXV SDWV ODLNDV %DOWDUDJ³ LãJVGLQWL
VXYHVWL VHQDV VVNDLWDV LU SULYHUVWL M³ Y\NG\WL VXWDUW³
%XYR W\OL P¡QHVLHQD
3DGDQJH SODXN¡ OHQJYL GHEHV¡OLDL LU DWVLVSLQG¡MR 8GUXY¡V HåHUH $QW NUDQWR VWRY¡MR XåVQÌG
V
PDOÌQDV
3LQþXNDV XåO¡N¡ DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ NDLS VWDLJD NLO
V Y¡MDV LU ¡P¡ MXRV VXNWL NYDWRGDPDV LU
åYHQJGDPDV
6XWUDãN¡MR VXEUDãN¡MR YLVDV PDOÌQDV R VSDUQDL NDLS SHU YLHVXO ¡P¡ NDXNWL 3DEXGR
QXVLJDQG
V %DOWDUDJLV LU QHVXYRN¡ Lã NDUWR NDV þLD GDURVL 3DJDOYRMR NDG LãWLN
V YLHVXODV LU SXRO¡
VWDEG\WL PDOÌQ R QXR VSDUQR DWVLOLHS¡ 3LQþXNDV
² *DO GDEDU VXVLWDUVLPH" ² QXVLãLHS¡ ² 0DWDL NDV GDURVL" 2 EXV GDU EORJLDX MHL
QHLãSLOG\VL VXWDUWLHV LU QHLãOHLVL Xå PDQ
V VDYR GXNWHUV
² *HUDL ² WDU¡ %DOWDUDJLV DWVLNYRã¡GDPDV ² 3DODXN *DXVL
$SVLGåLDXJ
V 3LQþXNDV QXãRNR QXR VSDUQR LU åYLOJWHU¡MR SUR ODQJHO³
² 6HQLDL WDLS UHLN¡MR ² WDU¡ YLNULDL ³ãRNGDPDV ³ PDOÌQ
² 7DLS WDLS ² SULWDU¡ MDP SDWDPV\MH %DOWDUDJLV VWYHUGDPDV Lã SR VLMRQR XåWDLV\W ãDXWXY
3LQþXNDV ãRNR SUR ODQJHO³ DWJDO EHW QHVXVS¡MR ² NDQRSD XåVLNDELQR
6WDLJD GULRNVWHO¡MR ãÌYLV NDLS JULDXVPDV LU VLGDEUR NXOND SDWDLN¡ 3LQþXNXL ³ NXOQ³ EHW MLV WR
QHSDVWHE¡MR WLNWDL QXVLULWR PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV LU QXE¡JR SDNQRSVWRPLV ³ SDNDOQ

%DOWDUDJLV WUHQN¡ SDY\PXL GDU DQWU ãÌY³ G¡O WLNUXPR EHW VLGDEUR NXOND ³ NDåN DWVLPXã¡ LU
VXåDLEDYR %DOWDUDJLV SDJDOYRMR NDG QXR DQWURV NXONRV 3LQþXNDV NLDXUDL åHP
SUDVPHJR %HW
apsiriko.
$QWUD NXOND SDWDLN¡ -XUJXþLXL LU DWVLPXã¡ ³ SDVDJDV NXULDV MLV YLV GDU QHãLRMRVL QHåLQRGDPDV
NXU G¡WLV LU ELMRGDPDV VXJU³åWL ³ NDOY
 9DNDUH MLV EXYR NDLS WLN DW¡M
V DWVLSUDã\WL %DOWDUDJ³ Xå
ãQLUSãþLRMLP LU SDSUDã\WL NDG M³ VXWDLN\WÐ VX NDOYLX %HW QHLãGU³VR XåHLWL ³ WURE ODXNGDPDV QDNW³
XåVQÌGR SR PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV R þLD ² NDLS SHUNÌQDV JLHGU GLHQ ² ãÌYLV YLHQDV SR NLWR *HUDL GDU
NDG ³ SDVDJDV DWVLPXã¡ R NLWDLS EÌWÐ QHåLQLD Xå N SUDåXY
V 1HVXSUDWR -XUJXWLV NDV þLD DWVLWLNR WLN
EDLVLDL LãVLJDQG
V QXE¡JR VX SDVDJRPLV YLV QHåLQRGDPDV NXU VX MRPLV GLQJWL
2 LU %DOWDUDJLV QLHNR QHåLQRGDPDV NXU LU NDP SDWDLN¡ ² EXYR WLNUDV NDG QXWUHQN¡ 3LQþXN
² SDVLåLÌU¡MR SUR ODQJHO³ NDL ãÌYLÐ GÌPDL LãQ\NR LU SDPDW¡ ³ JRQNHOHV LãE¡JXVL YLHQPDUãNLQ
-XUJ
PDW\W ODEDL LãVLJDQGXVL
%DOWDUDJLV JUHLWDL XåNLãR ãDXWXY Xå 8UãXO¡V VLMRQR LU QXVLOHLGR ODLSWDLV VNXE¡GDPDV QXUDPLQWL
GXNWHU³
² 7¡YHOL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR" ² SDNODXV¡ -XUJD SDPDþLXVL W¡Y LãHLQDQW³ Lã PDOÌQR
² 1LHNR GXNUHOH ² DWVDN¡ VXPLã
V %DOWDUDJLV ² $ã WLN SHO¡G SDãRYLDX 1HÌNDXV
daugiau... Ir bus ramu...
² $UJL W¡YHOL" ² VXDEHMRMR GXNW¡ ³WDULDPDL åLÌU¡GDPD ³ W¡Y
² 7DLS WDLS ² DWVDN¡ UDPLQGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV ² (LQDP ³ WURE 9¡VL QDNWLV 'DU SHUãDOVL
-XUJD YLVD GUHE¡MR WLN QH ãDOWLV M NU¡W¡ -L VS¡OLRMR LU QHWLN¡MR NDV þLD DWVLWLNR LU NRG¡O WRNLH
NHLVWL GDO\NDL Y\NVWD 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH LU VXNDVL DSLH MRV W¡YR PDOÌQ $UJL ML þLD EÌWÐ NDOWD"
3ULPDQLXVL E¡JWÐ QXR YLVNR NXR WROLDX WLNWDL JDLOD EXYR SDOLNWL W¡Y NXU³ URGRV WRV QHODLP¡V YLVDL
SULVO¡J¡ LU MLV SDYLUWR Q\NLX ãHã¡OLX
2 %DOWDUDJLV WLNWDL GDEDU SDVLMXWR O\J DWVLNYRã¡M
V Lã NODLNDXV VDSQR NXULV VO¡J¡ M³ YLV
J\YHQLP LU SDVLSXUW¡ WDUVL MXR DWVLNUDW\GDPDV .DV JL Lã WLNUÐMÐ þLD EXYR" 2JL QLHNR YLVNDV
LãVLVNODLG¡ VX SDUDNR GÌPDLV ãYLHW¡ åYDUEL SDYDVDULR P¡QHVLHQD VX SUDSODXNLDQþLDLV GHEHV¡OLDLV
%DOWDUDJLV QXVLYHG¡ QHULPDXMDQþL GXNWHU³ ³ WURE LU SDJXOG¡ %HW -XUJD LU SDJXOG\WD YLV GDU
GUHE¡MR 6WYDUVW¡ W¡Y Xå UDQNÐ LU NODXV¡ YLUS¡GDPD NDLS HSXã¡V ODSDV
² 7¡YHOL NRG¡O WX PDQ QHVDNDL YLVRV WHLV\E¡V"
² .RNLRV WHLV\E¡V" ² QHVXSUDWR DU QHQRU¡MR VXSUDVWL W¡YDV
² .DV þLD \UD" ² QHDWOHLGR GXNW¡
² 1LHNR Q¡UD GXNUHOH ² WDU¡ VXVLYDOG\GDPDV %DOWDUDJLV ² 8åPLUãN LU LãVLPLHJRN 5\WRM
pamatysi, viskas bus gerai.
3DJORVW
V LU SDEXþLDY
V GXNWHU³ ³ NDNW DSNORVW
V LU DSNDPã
V %DOWDUDJLV SDWV DWVLJXO¡
SDODQJ¡MH DQW VXROR XåVLPHW
V NDLOLQLDLV LU QRU¡GDPDV WLN YLHQR ² JUHLþLDX XåPLJWL LU YLVN XåPLUãWL
NDLS VDSQ
%HW PLHJDV QH¡P¡ 3UR ODQJ ãYLHW¡ P¡QHVLHQD R SUR DNLV VOLQNR YLVDV J\YHQLPDV 6XNRVL VX
PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV PDLã¡VL GUDLN¡VL SDLQLRMRVL NDLS UÌNDV Lã 8GUXY¡V HåHUR 6X MR JXUXODLV LãNLOGDYR
8UãXO¡ VXUÌJXVL LU VXSLQWLMXVL ãP¡NãWHOGDYR 3LQþXNDV NDLS YDLGXRNOLV LU ãLUG³ XåJXOGDYR WDPVXV
EHYLOWLãNDV UÌNDV 2 GLHQRV E¡JD PHWDL VOHQND 7LN PDOÌQDV YLV ODLN ÌåLD LU MR ÌåLPH O\J SDWV VDYH
LãJLUVWD LU DWJ\MD 3UR GHEHVLV ãY\VWHOL VDXO¡ LU SUR MRV VSLQGXOLXV SDVLJLUVWD OLQNVPDV MXRNDV
$N WDL 0DUFHO¡ YDåLXRMD SHU WUDãNDQW³ OHG 'YHONWHOLD JDLYXV SDYDVDULR Y¡MDV LU LãVLVNODLGR
UÌNDV 3R PDOÌQ LU QDPXV VNUDLGR NDLS NUHJåG¡ OLQNVPD LU J\YD 0DUFHO¡ SUDVNDLGULQXVL MR J\YHQLP
LU JUåLQXVL MDXQ\VW
 âLUGLV VNOLGLQD GåLDXJVPR NDLS VDXO¡WD YDVDUD %HW SODXNLD UXGHQV GHEHV\V LU
JLUJVL JHUY¡V 9LV OLÌGQLDX LU OLÌGQLDX JLUJVL GUXPVþLDVL HåHUDV LU SDGDQJ
DSWUDXNLD WDPVÌV GHEHV\V
0DOÌQDV VXVWLQJVWD NDLS ãP¡NOD DQW SDNULÌW¡V .ULQWD DQW MR VSDUQÐ VQDLJ¡V NDLS EDOWRV
GUREXO¡V R SUR DSVQLJWXV ãODLWXV LU ODXNXV YLQJLXRMD WDNHOLV YLV WRO\Q LU WRO\Q NXU DQW NDOQR VWRYL
SDNU\S
NU\åLDL 7HQ QHãD NDUVW R MDPH YLV MR J\YHQLPR GåLDXJVP LU YLOW³ 'XVOLDL GXQGD åHP¡
SDVO¡SGDPD NDUVW R DQW PDåR NDXEXU¡OLR LãN\OD QDXMDV NU\åLXV /HLGåLDVL VXWHPRV WDPVLRV
EHYLOWLãNRV O\J DPåLQD QDNWLV 2 DSOHLVWRMH WURERMH EDLVLDL WXãþLRMH LU Q\NLRMH YHUNLD NÌGLNLV
Y\VW\NOXRVH 6WRYL QXVLPLQ
V SULH ORSãLR R ãLUG\MH JUXPLDVL WDPVXV EHYLOWLãNXPDV LU QDXMR J\YHQLPR
SDUHLJD NXUL SULåDGLQD Lã EDLVDXV VLHOYDUWR
'ÌNVWD DSLH PDOÌQ LU WURE SÌJD VWÌJDXMD DSLH NDPSXV ã¡OVWD SDNULÌWH LU EODãNRVL SR
XåãDOXV³ HåHU $N WDL QH SÌJD WLN MR ãLUGLV QHULPVWD %HW VX SLUPDLV SDYDVDULR SUDJLHGUXOLDLV ãYLHV¡MD
SDGDQJ¡ VXNDVL PDOÌQR VSDUQDL YLV JUHLW¡GDPL R WURERMH VX ³VLVNYHUEXVLDLV VSLQGXOLDLV SDVLJLUVWD Lã
ORSãLR MXRNDV LU LãVNODLGR Q\NLXV ãHã¡OLXV $N WLH ãHã¡OLDL VNODLGRVL MR ãLUG\MH LU SDJDXQD M³ QDXMDV
J\YHQLPR GåLDXJVPDV NDLS SDYDVDULV
7LNWDL SR WURE VODQNLRMD SDQLXUXVL 8UãXO¡ ãQDLUXRGDPD NDLS DSYLOWD SUDHLWLV R SUR PDOÌQR
VSDUQXV ãP¡NãþLRMD 3LQþXNDV NDLS YDLGXRNOLV VNDLþLXRGDPDV ODLN LU ODXNGDPDV DWSLOGR 6XQNXV
UÌSHVWLV VOHJLD SHþLXV LU OHQNLD JDOY EHW Lã ORSãLR SDNLO
V QDXMDV J\YHQLPDV SULSLOGR ãLUG³ GåLDXJVPR
LU QXVWHOELD SUDHLWLHV YDLGXRNOLXV 'LQJVWD Lã QDPÐ 8UãXO¡ SUDVPHQJD LU 3LQþXNDV -LV OLQNVWD SR
J\YHQLPR QDãWD EHW ML QHVXQNL QHV YLVD MR SDJXRGD ² JUDåXRO¡ GXNW¡ NXUL SULPHQD PRWLQ äYHQJLD
REXROPXãLDL MR ãLUG³ VXVSDXGåLD DWHLQDQþLRV YLHQDWY¡V OLÌGHV\V EHW NDUWX LU GåLDXJVPDV NDG
J\YHQLPDV VXNDVL NDLS PDOÌQR VSDUQDL SUDVLGHGD QDXMDV J\YHQLPR UDWDV
%HW þLD Y¡O LãN\OD SUDHLWLHV YDLGXRNOLDL²QXVLY\OXVL 8UãXO¡ VX VDYR SDVNDORPLV LU DSJDXWDV
3LQþXNDV VX VDYR NODVWRPLV äYHQJLD LU QXåYHQJLD REXROPXãLDL R MR Q\NL SUDHLWLV XåVWRMD GXNWHULDL
NHOL ³ DWHLW³ LU SDVNDQGLQD DãDURVH -LV WXUL QXJDO¡WL VDYR NODLNL SUDHLW³ G¡O ãYLHVLRV GXNWHUV DWHLWLHV -LV
LU QXJDO¡MR M 8UãXO¡ VXSLQWLMR VDYR GDYDWN\QH VX DSPDXGXVLD EXUWDLV LU SULHWDUDLV ãLUGLPL EHW
QHDSNDUWLQR MR GXNWHUV MDXQ\VW¡V GåLDXJVPR R NODVWLQJDV 3LQþXNDV SDJDOLDX QXVLULWR PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV
SDãDXWDV VLGDEUR NXOND LU SUDVPHJR NLDXUDL åHP
 %HW DU WDL EXYR 3LQþXNDV" *DO MLV WLNWDL
prisisapnavo kaip praeities vaiduoklis?
1H YLVR WR QHEXYR 7DL WLN VDSQDV NODLNXV VDSQDV NXULV VX GLHQD LãVLVNODLG\V <UD PDOÌQDV LU
MR ÌåLPDV \UD SDNULÌW¡ DQW HåHUR NUDQWR \UD LU HåHUDV QHUDPXV NDLS åPRJDXV ãLUGLV LU MR SDGÌPDY

NUDQWDL VX åDOLXRMDQþLDLV SXã\QDLV ýLD MR W¡YÐ W¡YDL J\YHQR þLD MLV J\YHQD LU GXNWHU³ DXJLQD NXUL YLVDV
MR J\YHQLPR GåLDXJVPDV LU YLOWLV 'XNW¡ QXULPXVL PLHJD LU MXRNLDV SUR PLHJ *DO ML VDSQXRMD
REXROPXãLXV NXULH NDLS Y¡MDV VX VSDUQDLV QHã M SHU J\YHQLP 7DL LU JHUDL WHJX QHãD VX MRV VNDLGULDLV
SDVLLOJLPDLV LU VLHOYDUWDLV 2 MLV WXR MDX ODLPLQJDV NDG EDLJGDPDV VDYR J\YHQLP PDWR M³ Lã QDXMR
DWJ\MDQW GXNWHUV J\YHQLPH NXULV EXV Xå MR JUDåHVQLV LU ãYLHVHVQLV
$SVLUDPLQ
V %DOWDUDJLV XåPLJR MDXVGDPDV NDG YLVXV VDYR J\YHQLPR VLHOYDUWXV LU YDUJXV
QXJDO¡M
V %HW LU XåPLJ
V QHVXUDGR UDP\E¡V 6WDLJD MDP SULVLVDSQDYR WDUVL SHUNÌQDV WUHQN
V ³ PDOÌQ
R GXNW¡ SDNLOXV DXGUDL QXVNULGXV NDLS åXY¡GUD SHU HåHU âDOWDV SUDNDLWDV LãS\O¡ %DOWDUDJ³ MLV
SDãRNR QXR VXROR SDåLÌU¡MR ² GXNW¡ PLHJD NDLS PLHJRMXVL R Xå ODQJR U\WR VDPEU¡ãNRMH PDOÌQDV
VWRYL DQW SDNULÌW¡V NDLS VWRY¡M
V VXJODXG
V VSDUQXV 1H YLVD WDL EXYR WLN VXQHULPXVLRV ãLUGLHV NODLNXV
sapnas.
âYLHVL LU UDPL P¡QHVLHQD VOLQNR SUR MR QDPXV LU YLV NUDãW

XXXVIII

.DV þLD SHU QDNWLHV PRQDL" $U WLN QH SDYDVDULR P¡QHVLHQD VX SUDSODXNLDQþLDLV GHEHV¡OLDLV MXRV
NUHþLD"
*DO LU WDLS .DV þLD åLQR"
3DãDXWDV 3LQþXNDV QXNOLELNãDYR ³ SHONHV NHLNGDPDV %DOWDUDJ³ LU DWVLV¡GR DQW SLUPR NHOPHOLR
— 3DODXN ² WDU¡ DWVLSHLN¡GDPDV Lã WRV LãJVWLHV LU DSåLÌU¡GDPDV VXåHLVW NXOQ ²'DU WX
PDQH SDPLQ¡VL 3UDåÌVL VX YLVX PDOÌQX
3LQþXNDV JDOYRMR DSLH EDLVÐ NHUãW 2 WXR WDUSX QHVLN
VGDPDV Lã VNDXVPR EDQG¡ LãNUDSãW\WL Lã
NXOQLHV VLGDEUR NXON %HW MXR GDXJLDX NUDSãW¡ WXR JLOLDX NXOND OLQGR LU WDLS J¡O¡ NDXOXV NDG YRV
JDO¡MR SDN
VWL GDQWLV VXNDQG
V
ýLD M³ LU DWUDGR DQW NHOPR âHãHOJD YLV QDNW³ YHOWXL LHãNRM
V SR SHONHV LU QH WLHN ãDXN
V NLHN
ãYHEOHQ
V LãWLQXVLD EXUQD SUR LãVSLUWXV GDQWLV
² 7DL WX ãLþLD SDQ 3LQþXN" ² SUDãYRNãW¡ VXVLLPGDPDV Xå EXUQRV O\J YHUNWL SDVLUHQJGDPDV
² $ã YLVXU LHãNDX WDY
V LU QHUDQGX 2 NRNLD EDLVL QHODLP¡ PDQH LãWLNR
² (LN VDX SR JDODLV VX VDYR QHODLPH² DWNLUWR SLNWDL 3LQþXNDV SUR VXNVWXV GDQWLV
— Kas atsitiko? — nusigando Šešelga.
² 1LHNR ² SLNWDL DWVDN¡ 3LQþXNDV ² ,ãNUDSãW\N PDQ NXON Lã NXOQLHV
² .DV WDYH SDãRY¡" ² VXVLUÌSLQR âHãHOJD LU SDVLOHQN¡ SULH SDãDXWRV NXOQLHV
3LQþXNDV QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ WLN DWNLãR VDYR NDQRS %HW LU âHãHOJD NUDSãW¡ NUDSãW¡ VLGDEUR NXON
LU QHJDO¡MR LãNUDSãW\WL 1HLãNHQW
V VNDXVPR 3LQþXNDV M³ WLNWDL NDQRSD QXVS\U¡ ³ ãDO³
² .R VSDUGDLVL NDLS DUNO\V" ² VXS\NR âHãHOJD DWVLGÌU
V WLHV OLÌQR SDNUDãþLX ² 9HUþLDX
PDQ GDQWLV VXG¡WXP
² .DLS Dã WDX MXRV VXG¡VLX MHL PDQ
V QHNODXVHL LU LãEDUVWHL" ² DWãRY¡ 3LQþXNDV NUDW\GDPDV
Lã VNDXVPR NDQRS NDG MDP QHW SDþLDP GDQW\V EDUãN¡MR
2 âHãHOJD EH GDQWÐ WLNWDL VXVL¡P
V åDQG NXU 3LQþXNDV ³VS\U¡ WDLS SDW QHVLWY¡U¡ Lã VNDXVPR
LU QHåLQRMR N GDU\OL 7RNLR QHG¡NLQJXPR Lã VDYR SULHWHOLDXV QHVLWLN¡MR LU NHLN¡ M³ VDYR ãLUG\MH YLVDLV
SUDNHLNVPDLV %HW N þLD YLHQX NHLNVPX SDGDU\VL"
2 LU 3LQþXNDV NUDW\GDPDV NDQRS ãQDLUDYR ³ âHãHOJ 'DU WR NHOPR þLD WUÌNR NDG MLV NXU
SUDVPHJWÐ 3LQþXNDV ³VLXWR DQW YLVRV åPRQLÐ JLPLQ¡V LU MHLJX EÌWÐ SULPDQ
V EÌWÐ M YLV ³ SUDJDU
QXJUDP]GLQ
V NDUWX VX EHGDQþLX âHãHOJD
7LN DSPDXGDV DSPDXGX SLNWXPDV SLNWXPX R NDåN UHLNLD GDU\WL %HW N JDO¡MR SDGDU\WL
YLHQDV EH GDQWÐ R NLWDV SDãDXWDV ³ NXOQ³" 3DãQDLUDYR YLHQDV ³ NLW VX EHYLOWLãNX NDUW¡OLX LU LãVLVN\U¡
3LQþXNDV JULHåGDPDV GDQWLPLV QXNOLELNãDYR ³ VDYR OLÌQ NHWLQGDPDV SDWV YLHQDV YLVN DSJDOYRWL
NDLS DWVLNHUã\WL R âHãHOJD YLVDL QXVLPLQ
V SDUGÌOLQR ³ VDYR NDUþHP QHV LU NDP NHUã\WL QHåLQRMR
7LNWDL SULHã U\W 3LQþXNDV DSVLUDPLQR LU VXJDOYRMR NHUãW %DOWDUDJLV EXYR SULåDG¡M
V VXULãWL M³
VX 8UãXOH NDLS ãXQ³ VX NDWH Xå XRGHJÐ NDG MLH WDUS VDY
V DPåLQDL SLDXWÐVL LU NLWXV SDOLNWÐ UDP\E¡MH
%HW SDåDG¡MR LU QHLãWHV¡MR
2 N MHLJX MLV WDLS SDGDU\WÐ VXULãWÐ %DOWDUDJ³ VX 8UãXOH GLGHVQLR NHUãWR LU EÌWL QHJDO¡WÐ R
MLV WDGD ³VLJLM
V 8UãXO
WDONLQLQNH EH WDONLQLQNÐ åXYXV 5DXSLXL LU âHãHOJDL QHWHNXV GDQWÐ SDVLMXWR
NDLS EH UDQNÐ WLNUDL ODLP¡WÐ -XUJ
7DLS VXPHW
V 3LQþXNDV QXWDU¡ GDU NDUW LãEDQG\WL VDYR ODLP
LU DWVLNHUã\WL %DOWDUDJLXL 'DXJ
QHJDOYRM
V VNDXGD QHVNDXGD NRM WLNWDL SDNUDW
V NDQRS SHUVLUHQJ¡ NDLS SDNHOHLYLQJDV HOJHWD LU
LãO¡N¡ ³ âYHQGXEU
VX 8UãXOH VXVLWLNWL
2 MDX DXãR U\WDV 5ÌNDV VNODLG¡VL LU SODXN¡ %DåQ\WNDLPLV GDU PLHJRMR 9LHQXU NLWXU ãXQHV
ORMR JDLGåLDL JLHGRMR 7LH QHSULHWHOLDL NLHN EDXJLQR 3LQþXND EHW MLV DSVLUDPLQR LU VDYH GUVLQR N þLD
JDLGåLDL MXN VX 8UãXOH VHQD GDYDWND LU VDYR SULHãLQLQNH WHNV VXVLWLNWL LU VXVLWDUWL
3ULV¡GR 3LQþXNDV SULH ãYHQWRULDXV WYRURV ODXNGDPDV LU YLVN Lã QDXMR DSVYDUVW\GDPDV .DLS
þLD DWVLWLNR NDG %DOWDUDJLV M³ DSJDYR" *DO WRG¡O NDG MLV QHL 8UãXO¡V QHL -XUJRV QHEXYR PDW
V 2 GDEDU
MLV YLHQ LU NLW JHUDL SDå³VWD LU QHNO\VWD
1HLOJDL 3LQþXNXL WHNR SDWYRU\MH VYDUVW\WL LU ODXNWL 'DU SURWDPVLDLV 8UãXO¡ DSVLJDXEXVL MXRGD
VNDUHOH LU YDUVW\GDPD SLUãWDLV URåDQþLÐ SDWL SLUPRML ¡MR ³ EDåQ\þL 3LQþXNDV QRUV ³VLGUVLQ
V
SULVLãOLHMR SULH WYRURV NDLS ãHã¡OLV 8UãXO¡ MR LU QHSDVWHE¡MR
7LNWDL SUD¡MXV 8UãXOHL MLV DWVLSO¡ã¡ QXR ãYHQWRULDXV WYRURV LU NOLELNãXRGDPDV SDVLYLMR 8UãXO

² 3DODXN ELþLXOH ² ãÌNWHO¡MR ² 0XPV UHLNLD SDVLWDUWL
8UãXO¡ VWDEWHO¡MR QHSHUWUDXNGDPD NDOE¡WL URåDQþLÐ WLNWDL DWVLJU
åGDPD LU G¡EWHOGDPD
SLNWRPLV DNLPLV ² NDV þLD M ãDXNLD LU GDU ELþLXOH YDGLQD" .DåNRNV QHSDå³VWDPDV XEDJDV $U WLN
QHSDEOÌG
V NDOYLR -XRGYDONLR JL]HOLV -XUJXWLV" .R MDP UHLNLD" 8UãXO¡ YLVDL VXS\NR LU SHUWUDXN¡
NDOE¡MXVL URåDQþLÐ
2 3LQþXNDV VXNDXS
V YLV GUV SULNOLELNãDYR WXR PHWX SULH 8UãXO¡V LU åHPDL QXVLOHQN¡
² 6YHLND J\YD ² WDU¡ ² .R PXPV S\NWLV ELþLXOH" -XN WDYH LU PDQH %DOWDUDJLV DSJDYR
Galima susitaikyti ir bendrai atgauti, kas mums priklauso: tau — Baltaragis, o man — Jurga.
² 3DODXN SDODXN ² WDU¡ QXVLJDQGXVL 8UãXO¡² 2 NDV JL SDWV HVL"
'¡O DWVDUJXPR 8UãXO¡ SRU åLQJVQLÐ DWEXOD SDVLWUDXN¡ .RNV MDX þLD XEDJDV LU NRNV -XUJXWLV
SDNYDLã¡OLV" 9LVDL QHSDQDãX 1HJL EÌWÐ WDV SDWV QHODEDVLV"
3LQþXNDV GDU NDUW åHPDL QXVLOHQN¡ LU åHQJ¡ DUþLDX åLQJVQ³
 ² $UJL QHSDå³VWL VHQÐ ELþLXOLÐ" ² SDNODXV¡ ² -XN WDL Dã WDV SDWV VX NXULXR VXVLS\NDL SHU
QHVXVLSUDWLP LU %DOWDUDJLR DSJDYLP %HW Dã YLVDL QHS\NVWX WLN JHUD WDX OLQNLX
² $WVWRN SLNWRML GYDVLD ² QXVLJDQGXVL 8UãXO¡ SDåLQR 3LQþXN LU SHUVLåHJQRMR VWYHUGDPD
Xå URåDQþLDXV LU DWEXOD WROLDX SDVLWUDXNGDPD
² 1HVLåHJQRN ² SDVLWUDXN¡ DWEXODV LU 3LQþXNDV ² $ã QLHNR EORJR WDX QHSDGDU\VLX 1RUL
VXWHLNVLX WDX WRNL JDO\E
 NDG VDYR EXUWDLV JDO¡VL SDGDU\WL N QRU¡VL 3ULVLYLOLRVL %DOWDUDJ³ LU YLVLHPV
savo priešininkams atsikeršysi.
8UãXO¡ VWDEWHO¡MR VXVLGRP¡MXVL EHW Y¡O JUHLWDL VXVLJULHE¡ ¡P¡ åHJQRWLV LU URåDQþLXPL PRVXRWL
3LQþXNR OLQN WDUVL QXR ³N\ULRV PXV¡V
3LQþXNDV SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V
² .YDLOD WX ERED ² WDU¡ VXS\N
V ² -HL PDQ
V QHNODXV\VL QLHNR QHODLP¡VL 7LN SDWL SHU
VDYR EXUWXV SUDåÌVL
%HW 8UãXO¡ MDX QHEHNODXV¡ MR $WEXOD SDVLWUDXN¡ ³ ãYHQWRULÐ YLV GDU SUR WYRU åHJQRGDPD LU
PRVXRGDPD URåDQþLXPL
3LQþXNDV QHW QXVLVSLRY¡ Lã DSPDXGR NDG VX WD NYDLOD ERED SUDVLG¡MR 1LHNR QHLãHLV NRNV Lã
MRV WDONLQLQNDV" %XYR EHNOLELNãþLXRMV ³ ãDO³ EHW þLD YDUSDL VXVNDPELQR LU MÐ JDUVDL WUHQN¡ NDLS VX NÌMX
SHU JDOY 3LQþXNDV QHEDLJ
V GHU\EÐ VX 8UãXOH SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL
2 8UãXO¡ DWVLGÌUXVL Xå ãYHQWRULDXV WYRURV LU NLHN DWVLSHLN¡MXVL Lã EDLP¡V NDLS WLN EXYR OLQNXVL
VX MXR SDNDOE¡WL 2 N MHLJX VX MR SDJDOED EÌWÐ JDOLPD SDVLHNWL VHQ VYDMRQ
 NXUL VDYR DLVWUD LãGHJLQR
MDL YLV ãLUG³" %HW LU 3LQþXNDV NDåNR LãVLJDQG
V QXO¡N¡ R MDL OLNR WLN VHQDV DSPDXGDV
² 3DODXN NXU E¡JL" ² ãÌNWHO¡MR SDVLOHQNXVL SHU WYRU EHW 3LQþXNDV QHDWVLJU³åR
-³ QXYLMR YDUSÐ JDUVDL
2 SUR ãDO³ ¡MR NLWRV GDYDWNRV LU SDPDW¡ 8UãXO
VX NDåNRNLX QXE¡JDQþLX XEDJX NDOEDQWLV
² .RN³ þLD XEDJ YHOQLR QXRWDNR SULVWRMR" ² VXVLGRP¡MR² $U WLN LãWHN¡WL QHVLUHQJLD" %HW
PDW\W MDXQLNLV SDE¡JR
3UXQNãGDPRV ³ VDXMDV GDYDWNRV QX¡MR ³ EDåQ\þL 8UãXO¡ SDVLVO¡SXVL Xå WYRURV YLVD WDL PDW¡
LU JLUG¡MR %DLVXV DSPDXGDV M DS¡P¡
² 1D SDODXNLW WDU¡ ML VXJQLDXåGDPD URåDQþLÐ VXSLQWLMXVLDPH NXPãW\MH LU JUDVLQGDPD ²
%XV MXPV YHOQLR QXRWDND 3DPLQ¡VLW 3LUPLDXVLD MXPV DWNHUã\VLX R SDVNXL VX %DOWUXNX VXVLWDLN\VLX
*DO VXVLWDUVLPH LU EHQGUDL QXJDO¡VLPH YLVXV SULHãLQLQNXV
7DLS DSVLVSUHQGXVL 8UãXO¡ QX¡MR ³ EDåQ\þL WYLUWDL SDVLU\åXVL YLVN SDGDU\WL NDLS åDG¡MR LU
NDUãWDL SDVLPHOVWL NDG MDL ã³ NDUW LU SDVNXWLQ³ VXWHLNWÐ SDJDOE VWHEXNOLQJRML âYHQGXEU¡V GLHYR
PRWLQD -XN ML SDJXQGÐ åDOW³ QXJDO¡MR LU SDP\Q¡ SR NRMRPLV
2 WDV SDJXQGÐ åDOW\V 3LQþXNDV SDE¡J
V QXR 8UãXO¡V åHJQRQLÐ LU âYHQGXEU¡V YDUSÐ SDUO¡N¡ ³
3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV LU VX DSPDXGX JDOYRMR NDG SDVLNDUãþLDY
V LU EH UHLNDOR SULVWRM
V SULH 8UãXO¡V VHQRV
VDYR SULHãLQLQN¡V .RNLD Lã MRV JDOL EÌWL WDONLQLQN¡" 7LNWDL VXSDLQLRWL JDOL LU WDLS SDLQLXV UHLNDOXV 7DL
QXWDU¡ MD SLUPD SURJD DWVLNUDW\WL
2 8UãXO¡ YLVDL QHSDLV\GDPD 3LQþXNR DU WLNUDL MLV SDVLYDLGLQR U\WR PLJORVH" QXWDU¡ W SDW
GLHQ DWVLVNDLW\WL VX GDYDWN\QR SULHãLQLQN¡P R SDVNXL VXVLWDLN\WL VX %DOWDUDJLX LU JUDåLDL J\YHQWL
%HW LU 8UãXO¡ QRUV VSDUWL PRWHU¡O¡ YLVNR QHVXVS¡MR SDGDU\WL

XXXIX

.DV JL JDO¡MR PDQ\WL NDG Xå YLVD WDL NDV G¡MRVL 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH WHNV DWVDN\WL YDUJãHL
8UãXOHL NXUL þLD EXYR WLNUDL QLHNXR QHNDOWD 1HEHQW WLNWDL WLHN NDG QXR MRV YLVNDV SUDVLG¡MR WDL VX MD
turi ir baigtis.
2 DWVLWLNR WDLS NDLS 8UãXO¡ NHWLQR SDGDU\WL 7 GLHQ Lã YDNDUR DWVLNHUã\GDPD GDYDWNRPV
XåWDLV¡ EXUWXV NHWLQGDPD DSOHLVWL GDYDWN\Q LU VXVLWDLN\WL VX %DOWUXNX 2 DQNVWL Lã U\WR ² EXYR NDLS
WLN SHQNWDGLHQLV ² YLHQD GDYDWN¡O¡ YDUGX /HRNDGLMD NXUL YDUå¡VL G¡O SLUPHQ\ELÐ GDYDWN\QH VX
8UãXOH LãVLWUDXN¡ Lã SR ORYRV PHGDXV VRW¡O³ QRU¡GDPD NLHN SDVLVWLSULQWL SDVQLQNR GLHQ %HW N ML
DWUDGR VRW¡O\MH" ² 1DJL VXGåLÌYXVL UXSÌå

.LOR WULXNãPDV YLVDP GDYDWN\QH .DV WDL SDGDU¡" 3DWL UXSÌå¡ QHJDO¡MR ³O³VWL VRW¡OLQ QHV EXYR
VXGåLÌYXVL LU LQGHOLV EXYR JHUDL VNXGXU¡OLX XåULãWDV ²WDU¡ 8UãXO
 NXUL UHQJ¡VL SLUPRML LãHLWL
³ EDåQ\þL
EHW QHVXVS¡MR 'DEDU XåNOXSWD ML J\Q¡VL LU åHJQRMR GDYDWNDV %HW DWVLUDGR GDU NLWD GDYDWN¡O¡ YDUGX
&HFLOLMD NXUL PDW¡ NDLS YDNDU SDYDNDUH WHPVWDQW 8UãXO¡ ODQGåLRMR SR /HRNDGLMRV ORYD LU NDåN WHQ
YHLN¡
$EHMRQLÐ MRNLÐ QHOLNR LU YLVRV GDYDWNRV SXRO¡ YDUJã
8UãXO
 .DV JL NLWDV JDO¡MR WDL SDGDU\WL
MHL QH YHOQLR QXRWDND" 2 WD SULUHPWD SULH VLHQRV J\Q¡VL Lã SDVNXWLQLÐMÐ EHW SDVNXL SULWUÌNR NDQWU\E¡V
LU SULVLSDåLQR
² 7DL LU NDV" ² SDVDN¡ ² ,U MÌV YLVRV NDLS WD UXSÌå¡ VXGåLÌVLWH R Dã JU³ãLX SDV %DOWUXN LU
JUDåLDL J\YHQVLX
7R SDVDN\PR YLVLãNDL XåWHNR EDLVLDP QXVLNDOWLPXL ³URG\WL 3XRO¡ YLVRV GDYDWNRV NDLS YLHQD
YDUJã
8UãXO
 SDUPXã¡ DQW åHP¡V LU SUDG¡MR WV\WL Xå NDVÐ 2 NRNLRV WHQ NDVRV JDO¡MR EÌWL
VXSLQWLMXVLRV GDYDWNRV" 7RNLRV PDåGDXJ NDLS QXWULXãXVLRV åLXUN¡V XRGHJD 1HLOJDL WHNR GDYDWNRPV
WV\WL 8UãXO
Xå NDVÐ SR SODXN SR NLW LU LãWV¡ 8UãXO¡V NDVDV YLV MRV PHUJ\VW¡V SDVLGLGåLDYLP
7DGD QXVLJDQGXVLRV GDYDWNRV ãRNR SULH VDYR ORYÐ LU SDORYLÐ LU SUDG¡MR WLNULQWL DU WD YHOQLR
QXRWDND QHQRU¡MR LU MÐ DSNHU¡WL 2 NDLSJL YLHQD DWUDGR JDOYÌJDO\MH NDåNRNLÐ åROLÐ U\ãXO¡O³ NLWD
NRMÌJDO\MH ² VXPD]J\W SHO
 WUHþLD ² SR ãRQX DUNOLR åLDXQDV NHWYLUWD ² QHåLQLD NRNLR QXPLU¡OLR
GDQWLV SHQNWD ² Y¡O NDåN QHL ³ ã³ QHL ³ W SDQDãÐ LU WDLS WROLDX LU YLV GDXJLDX NDG YDUJã¡V GDYDWNRV
VLDXER VXNU¡VWRV SDPDW¡ LU ³VLWLNLQR NDG WLNUDL J\YHQR VX YHOQLR QXRWDND EDLVLD UDJDQD -XN JDO¡MR
SUDJDUR JHOP¡V DWVLYHUWL LU MDV YLVDV SUDU\WL
2 8UãXO¡ WDLS EDLVLDL QXWV\WD LU QXSHãLRWD GDU QHVS¡MR DWVLJDXWL LU SDVSUXNWL QXR VDYR
SULHãLQLQNLÐ NDL WRV LU Y¡O YLVX EÌULX M XåNOXSR WLNWDL ã³ NDUW GDU SLNWHVQ¡V
² 6XGHJLQWL UDJDQ $NLV LãGUDVN\WL ² LU GDU NDåN SDGDU\WL ãDXN¡ YLVX EÌULX DSVSLWXVLRV
8UãXO
LU QHåLQRGDPRV NDLS WRNL QHQDXG¡O
QXEDXVWL
3DJDOLDX ³ GDYDWNÐ NO\NVP LU ULNVP SULEXYR ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV LU ]DNULVWLMRQDV
%HQMDPLQDV DEXGX Y\UDL LãPLQWLQJL LU GLHYREDLPLQJL -LH J\YHQR DQWUDPH GDYDWN\QR JDOH LU MÐ
SDUHLJD EXYR NOHERQR XåG¡WD WYDUN\WL DPåLQDL EHVLNLYLUþLMDQþLDV GDYDWNDV
,ã SUDGåLÐ DELHP Y\UDPV DWURG¡ NDG þLD NDVGLHQLQLV GDYDWNÐ WULXNãPDV EHW DW¡M
LU SDPDW

NDV þLD DWVLWLNR SDW\V QXVLJDQGR LU QHåLQRMR N GDU\WL
² 6XULãNLPH NDG QHSDE¡JWÐ ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ GUHEDQþLX EDOVX ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV PDåDV
VXNXPS
V åPRJXWLV VX ³GXEXVLRPLV LU DPåLQDL QXVLJDQGXVLRPLV DNLPLV LU ODEDL GUÌWX EDOVX
² 7HLVLQJDL VDNDL ² SULWDU¡ ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV LOJDV LU OLHVDV NDLS NDUWLV YHUNVPLQJX
EDOVX LU LãVLãRNXVLRPLV NDNWRMH DNLPLV² ,U YHVNLPH SDV NOHERQ 7HJX MLV QXWDUV N VX MD GDU\WL
,ãPLQWLQJÐ Y\UÐ VXPDQ\PXL SULWDU¡ YLVDV EÌU\V PRWHUÐ 1HVLSULHãLQR LU 8UãXO¡
² 9HVNLWH² VDNR ² NOHERQXL NDLS SHU LãSDåLQW³ YLVN SULVLSDåLQVLX
7DL LOJDL QHODXNGDPL GX GLHYREDLPLQJX Y\UX LU YLVDV EÌU\V GDYDWNÐ LãEUD]GLQR VXUDL]J\W
8UãXO
Lã GDYDWN\QR LU QXWHPS¡ ² ãÌNDXGDPL U¡NDXGDPL ² ³ NOHERQLM
.OHERQDV %RQLIDFDV %RELQDV NDLS WLN UHQJ¡VL HLWL ³ EDåQ\þL DWODLN\WL JHGXOLQJÐ PLãLÐ NXULDV
YLV G¡OWR XåSLUNR VXVLG¡M
V 3DXGUXY¡V NDLPDV Xå SUDåXYXVL DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãL .OHERQDV Lã SUDGåLÐ
QHQRU¡MR VXWLNWL EHW ³WLNLQWDV NRNLÐ QHODLPLÐ G¡O MRV GHGDVL LU JHUDL DWO\JLQWDV SDJDOLDX QXVLOHLGR 2
GDEDU HLGDPDV PLãLÐ ODLN\WL LãJLUGR QHSDSUDVW WULXNãP QXVWHE
V åYLOJWHO¡MR SUR ODQJ NDV JL þLD
GDEDU GDURVL" 1DJL NDåNRNLD NHLVWD SURFHVLMD DWY\NVWD ³ NOHERQLM
.OHERQDV Lã¡MR ³ SULHDQJ³ SDVLåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR 1HQRU¡MR NDG WRNLD JDXMD VXGUXPVWÐ
NOHERQLMRV ULPW³
7XRMDX SDW WLHV SULHDQJLX SULEXYR LU YLVDV EÌU\V GDYDWNÐ VX DELHP EDåQ\þLRV WDUQDLV
VWXPGDPL SULHãDN\MH VXULãW 8UãXO
 3DPDW
Lã¡MXV³ NOHERQ YLVL YLHQX EDOVX VXãXNR
² 6XJDYRPH NOHERQ¡OL UDJDQ
² .RNL UDJDQ" ² QXVWHER NOHERQDV
² 1DJL ãLW YHOQLR QXRWDN NXUL QRU¡MR YLV PÌVÐ GDYDWN\Q XåNHU¡WL
² .RNL YHOQLR QXRWDN" ² YLV GDU QHDWVLJRGR NOHERQDV
² 1DJL ãLW SUDNHLNW GDYDWN 8UãXO
 NXUL SULHã NHOHW PHWÐ DWE¡JR Lã %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR LU
DSVLPHW¡ HVDQWL GDYDWND R Lã WLNUÐMÐ EXYR LU SDVLOLNR SLNþLDXVLD UDJDQD
² 2 Lã NXU MÌV åLQRWH NDG ML UDJDQD" ² SDNODXV¡ NOHERQDV
7DGD YLVDV EÌU\V GDYDWNÐ YLHQD NLW SHUU¡NGDPRV R GX Y\UDL ULPWDL SULWDUGDPL SUDG¡MR
SDVDNRWL N DWUDG
GDYDWN\QH LU NRNLÐ UDJDQLãNÐ EHL YHOQLãNÐ GDO\NÐ PDW
LU SULW\U
Lã ãLWRV SUDNHLNWRV
YHOQLR QXRWDNRV 2 YLHQD GDYDWN¡O¡ YDUGX (OåELHWD QHW VDYR DNLPLV PDW¡ NDLS YLHQ SDYDNDU
8UãXO¡
DSVLåHUJXVL ãOXRW SUL¡MR SULH NURVQLHV LU VWDLJD GLQJR WDUVL SUR NDPLQ LãVNULGR -DL SULWDU¡ LU
ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV -LV NDUW HLGDPDV åLHP GDU SDWDPV\MH VNDPELQWL DQNVW\YRVLRPV PLãLRPV
SDPDW
V NDLS YLUãXP GDYDWN\QR NDåNDV å\EWHO¡M
V åLHåLUERPLV LU GLQJ
V NDPLQH 7DGD MLV ODEDL
QXVLJDQG
V LU QHåLQRM
V NDV WDL JDO¡WÐ EÌWL R GDEDU DLãNX NDG ãLWD UDJDQD EXYR SDUVNULGXVL DQW ãOXRWRV
Lã SDVLPDW\PR VX VDYR VXåDG¡WLQLX YHOQLX
² 2 YDNDU Lã U\WR ² SULWDU¡ YLVDV EÌU\V GDYDWNÐ ² VDYR DNLPLV PDW¡PH NDLS ML SULH
ãYHQWRULDXV VX NDåNRNLX XEDJX WDU¡VL 7XU EÌW VX VDYR MDXQLNLX YHOQLX NDL MLV LãVLJDQG
V YDUSÐ
SDE¡JR 2 ML GDU ãDXN¡ NDG SDODXNWÐ
 .OHERQDV NODXV¡VL NODXV¡VL GDYDWNÐ SDVDNRMLPÐ XåPLUãR QHW JHGXOLQJDV SDPDOGDV NRNLRV MDX
þLD SDPDOGRV Xå DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãL" EHNODXVDQW QHW SODXNDL DQW JDOYRV ¡P¡ ãLDXãWLV YLHQ WLN
SDJDOYRMXV NRNLD YHOQLDYD SULH SDW MR EDåQ\þLRV GHGDVL R MLV QLHNR QHåLQR
² 2 N WX SDVDN\VL" ² SDJDOLDX NUHLS¡VL NOHERQDV ³ 8UãXO

7D QXVLOHQN¡ NOHERQXL OLJL SDW åHP¡V R GDYDWNRPV SDURG¡ SUR VLMRQ ãS\J
² 1HWLHVD NOHERQ¡OL ² WDU¡ ² 1HEXYDX YHOQLR QXRWDND QRUV %DOWDUDJLV LU QRU¡MR LãSLUãWL 2
YDNDU Lã U\WR WLHVD 3LQþXNDV DSVLPHW
V XEDJX QRU¡MR VXJXQG\WL EHW QHSDVLGDYLDX ãYHQWX NU\åLXP
DSVLJ\QLDX 7LNWDL ãLWRPV SUDNHLNWRPV GDYDWNRPV EXUWXV XåWDLVLDX NDG MRPV OLHåXYLDL VXSÌWÐ GLHJOLDL
³ ãRQXV ³VLPHVWÐ NRMDV UDQNDV VXVXNWÐ %HW QLHNR MRPV PDQR EXUWDL QHSDG¡MR YLVRV VYHLNRV NDLS
NXPHO¡V LU PDQH QHNDOWDL ãPHLåLD 1LHNDGD UDJDQD QHEXYDX LU DQW ãOXRWRV QHOHNLRMDX /HLVNLWH DWOLNWL
SDVNXWLQ
LãSDåLQW³ Lã YLVR J\YHQLPR R SDVNXL MDX GDU\NLWH N QRULWH

XL

,OJD LU SDLQL EXYR 8UãXO¡V SDVNXWLQ¡ LãSDåLQWLV Lã YLVR J\YHQLPR

3UDG¡MR ML QXR SDW NÌGLN\VW¡V NDLS DXJXVL SULPHVWLQXNH SDV %DOWDUDJLXV NXU YLVL M VNULDXG
LU
WLNWDL YLHQDV %DOWUXNDV MRV JDLO¡M
VLV 7DLS GLHYDV GDY
V NDG YLVL Lã PDOÌQR LãNULN
 R SDVLOLN
WLN MLHGX
VX %DOWUXNX ,U WDV %DOWUXNDV YLV ODELDX MDL SDWLNGDY
V LU ML ODEDL QRU¡MXVL Xå MR LãWHN¡WL WLNWDL MLV DSLH WDL
Q¡ XåVLPLQWL QHQRU¡GDY
V WDUVL MDP YLVD WDL Q¡ JDOYRQ QHDWHLWÐ
7DL ML WDGD YLHQRV XEDJ¡V SDPRN\WD XåVL¡PXVL SLUP NDUW EXUWDLV 1X¡MXVL ³ SLUW³
LãSUDNDLWDYXVL EHW YDQGHQLX QHVLSORYXVL R VXãOXRVþLXVL SUDNDLW ³ VNDUHO
 NXUL EXYR QXVLSLUNXVL WDP
UHLNDOXL DWODLGXRVH LU SDUVLQHãXVL QDPR 3DVNXL Lã WRV VNDUHO¡V SUDNDLW LãJU
åXVL LU VXS\OXVL ³ DUEDW
%DOWUXNXL QRU¡GDPD M³ SULVLYLOLRWL %HW MLV YLVDL QHJ¡U
V QRUV LU XåVDOGLQXVL EXYR WLN VULÌEWHO¡M
V LU
LãVSLRY
V VDN\GDPDV NDG þLD NDåNRNLD VPDUYH M³ JLUGDQWL 7DL QLHNR LU QHSDG¡MR 1RUV PRWHU\V LU
sakiusios, kad tai tikriausias vaistas.
7DGD ML NLWRV XEDJ¡V SULPRN\WD SLUP SDYDVDULR ãLOW QDNW³ SULULãXVL SULH NDUWLHV OLQÐ NXRGHO³
LU LãQHãXVL SULH PDOÌQR NDG ãLNãQRVSDUQLV ³ W NXRGHO³ ³VLYHOWÐ 3DSUDVWDV URGRV EXYR GDLNWDV R WRNLD
EDLP¡ ¡PXVL NDG QHW YLVD GUHE¡MXVL R ELDXU\E¡ ãLNãQRVSDUQLV QH³VLYHOLD LU QH³VLYHOLD ³ NXRGHO³ .HOHW
QDNWÐ WHNR YLV W SDW³ GDU\WL 3DJDOLDX YLHQ U\W DWUDGXVL ãLNãQRVSDUQ³ ³VLSDLQLRMXV³ ³ NXRGHO³ ýLXSXVL
M³ VX YLVX NXRGHOLX LU QXE¡JXVL ³ PLãN WHQ SDG¡MXVL DQW VNUX]G¡O\QR LU SDVLOHLGXVL WHNLQD DWJDO
XåVLNLPãXVL DXVLV LU QHDWVLJU³åGDPD QHV MHLJX EÌWÐ DWVLJU³åXVL WDL EÌWÐ DSDNXVL R MHLJX EÌWÐ LãJLUGXVL
ãLNãQRVSDUQ³ U¡NLDQW ² EÌWÐ DSNXUWXVL %HW QLHNR QHPDþLXVL QLHNR QHJLUG¡MXVL 3DUE¡JXVL QDPR EH
kvapo ir laukusi.
3R WULMÐ GLHQÐ QX¡MXVL ³ PLãN UDGXVL DQW WR VNUX]G¡O\QR VDYR NXRGHO³ VX ãLNãQRVSDUQLR
NDXOHOLDLV 3DVL¡PXVL Lã WÐ NDXOHOLÐ WRNLDV ãDNXWHV VX NDEOLXNX LU SDU¡MXVL QDPR 7 SDþL GLHQ
WHPVWDQW %DOWDUDJLXL QHPDWDQW WUXNWHO¡MXVL M³ VX WXR NDEOLXNX Xå NHOQLÐ EHW MLV DWVWÌP
V M VX DWEXOD
UDQND LU SDVDN
V .R þLD NDELQ¡MLHVL" ,U QX¡M
V QHDWVLJU
åGDPDV R NDEOLXNDV WDLS LU QXOÌå
V LU QLHNR
QHSDG¡M
V
3DVNXL WDV %DOWDUDJLV XåVLJHLG
V YHVWL 0DUFHO
-DXGHJ\W
 R ML WLHN YDUJR SDG¡MXVL LU WLHN
JULHNÐ DQW VDYR VåLQ¡V SUL¡PXVL QHåLQRMXVL N GDU\WL 7LHVLRJ ãLUGLV SO\ãXVL WDL åOLXPEXVL
XåVLGDULXVL NDPDURMH LU JDQD .DUW Y¡O Xå¡MXVL WRNLD XEDJ¡ LãVLSDVDNRMXVL MDL LU YLV YHUNLDQWL 3DJDLO

WDL XEDJHL YDUJã¡V LU ML SDWDPVL MDL NDL YDåLXRVLV WDV QHYLGRQDV VX DQD ³ ãOLÌE NDG LãEDUVW\WÐ MLHPV
NHOL VP¡OLX SDUVLQHãWX Lã NDSÐ WDL QHEÌVL MLHPV J\YHQLPR 3DVNXL GDU OLHS¡ SHOHQXV Lã åLGLQLR
LãVHPWL LU MDLV VOHQNVW³ LãEDUVW\WL NDG MDXQRML QHSHUåHQJWÐ R MHLJX SHUåHQJV ² VX JUDEX NDG LãQHãWÐ 2
SDþLDL 8UãXOHL GDU ³VDNLXVL ODLSLRWL WYRURPLV NRO SDUYDåLXRVL Lã ãOLÌER LU NDOE¡WL EXUWÐ åRGåLXV %HW
VHQLDL WDL EXY
 LU WXRV EXUWÐ åRGåLXV XåPLUãXVL R LU WDGD QH WLHN MXRV NDOE¡MXVL NLHN åOLXPEXVL SR
WYRUDV ODLSLRGDPD $U WLH EXUWDL SDG¡M
 DU WDLS GLHYDV GDY
V QHåLQDQWL WLNWDL SR PHWÐ MDXQRML
%DOWDUDJLR åPRQD SDJLPGåLXVL GXNWHU³ LU SDVLPLUXVL 7DGD ML EDLVLDL QXVLJDQGXVL LU GDXJLDX MRNLÐ EXUWÐ
nedariusi.
3DVNXL NDLS YLVL JHUDL åLQ WDV %DOWDUDJLV QRU¡M
V M LãOHLVWL Xå YHOQLR 3LQþXNR EHW ML EXYR MDX
SDGDULXVL VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV ãYHQþLDXVLDL âYHQGXEU¡V SDQHOHL WDL LãVLJHOE¡MXVL LU DWE¡JXVL ³
âYHQGXEU¡V GDYDWN\Q ýLD MRNLÐ EXUWÐ QHGDULXVL J\YHQXVL NDLS SULGHUD GDYDWNDL SRWHULDYXVL
SDVQLQNDYXVL LU Xå VDYR QXVLG¡MLPXV DWJDLO GDULXVL 7LNWDL SDVNXL NDL %DOWDUDJLR GXNUD MDX EXYR
SDDXJXVL WDL ELMRGDPD NDG LU MRV W¡YDV QHLãOHLVWÐ Xå 3LQþXNR R MLV GLGHVQLV HVV Xå M EXUWLQLQNDV WDL
MDX WLNUDV UDJDQLXV HVV SULNDOELQ¡MXVL W QHLãPDQ¡O
GDU\WL VNDLVW\E¡V DSåDGXV EHW ML 8UãXO
WLN
LãMXRNXVL LU QLHNR QHGDULXVL R 8UãXO¡ QRU¡MXVL WDP NYDLODP SDGDUXL YLV WLHN SDG¡WL LU QHOHLVWL NDG W¡YDV
SUDåXG\WÐ MRV GÌãL 7DL QXW\NRMXVL MRV UÌWÐ YDLQLN QXQHãXVL VODSWDL LU SDNDVXVL SR NU\åLXPL
3DXGUXY¡V NU\åNHO¡MH NDG QHJDO¡WÐ MDXQLNLDL VX SLUãOLDLV SDV M DWYDåLXRWL LU ML QHLãWHN¡WÐ $U WDL
SDG¡MR DU QH WLNUDL QHåLQDQWL EHW LOJDL QLHNDV QHJDO¡GDY
V VX SLUãOLX QXYDåLXRWL SDV %DOWDUDJLR
GXNWHU³ WLNWDL SDVNXL WDV *LUGYDLQLV VX VDYR REXROPXãLDLV SDP\Q
V SR NRMRPLV UÌWÐ YDLQLN XåNDVW
NU\åNHO¡MH SR NU\åLXPL QXYDåLDY
V VX SLUãOLX SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ LU DXãWDQW DWO¡N
V XåVDNÐ %HW Xå
WDL M³ GLHYDV QXEDXG
V 3UDUDG
V VDYR DUNOLXV
%HW þLD ML HVDQWL QLHNR QHNDOWD 1LHNR QHåLQRMXVL LU QLHNR QHGDULXVL 7LNWDL PDþLXVL NDLS
3LQþXNDV DWQHã
V 5DXS³ PDLãH LU LãNUDW
V SULH ãYHQWRULDXV SDVWRYÐ WDV SDJULHE
V DUNOLXV LU QXO¡N
V VX
MDLV R 3LQþXNDV åYHQJ
V DSOLQNXL ODNVW\GDPDV LU NODLGLQGDPDV -L QHW SDG¡WL *LUGYDLQLXL QRU¡MXVL EHW
WDV LãO¡N
V NDLS DNLV LãGHJ
V Lã ]DNULVWLMRV LU MRV QHSDVLNODXV
V R ML EÌWÐ MDP SDWDUXVL N GDU\WL LU NDLS
VDYR GÌãL LãJDQ\WL QHV DUNOLÐ YLV WLHN QHVXUDVL NDL MXRV SDYRJ¡ YHOQLDV VXVLG¡M
V VX DUNOLDYDJLX R Xå
MÐ GDU VWRYL W¡YDV UDJDQLXV
2 G¡O VLDXþLDQþLR GDEDU DUNOLÐ PDUR ML HVDQWL QLHNR QHNDOWD LU QLHNR QHåLQDQWL ýLD WXU EÌW
YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV VX NDUþHPQLQNX âHãHOJD NHUãLMD Xå DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR QXåXG\P .DLS W NHUãW
QXJDO¡WL ML QHåLQDQWL QHEHQW WLNWDL JHGXOLQJDV PLãLDV XåSLUNWL Xå DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãL 7 LU SDWDUXVL
3DXGUXY¡V NDLPXL SDGDU\WL
.OHERQDV NUÌSWHO¡MR SULVLPLQ
V NDG ãLDQGLHQ NDLS WLN WDV PLãLDV WXU¡MR DWODLN\WL
² 7DL WX LU WRNLRP ãYHQWYDJ\VW¡P XåVLLPL" ² VXJULDXG¡MR QHLãNHQW
V NOHERQDV
² 1H NOHERQ¡OL Dã QHXåVLLPX ² DWVDN¡ UDPLDL 8UãXO¡ ² WLNWDL SDWDULDX EHW DU MLH WDLS
SDGDU¡ DU QH QLHNR QHåLQDX
.OHERQDV QXW\O¡MR O\J PLHW SUDULM
V R 8UãXO¡ WROLDX LãSDåLQR VDYR QXRG¡PHV
9DNDU WLHVD SULH ãYHQWRULDXV DQNVWL U\W EXYR VXVLWLNXVL 3LQþXN DSVLPHWXV³ XEDJX EHW QXR
SDJXQGÐ ãYHQWX NU\åLXP DWVLNUDþLXVL LU MLV SDE¡J
V YDUSÐ YHMDPDV R GDYDWNRV M DSãPHLåXVLRV 7DL ML
DWVLO\JLQGDPD LU XåWDLVLXVL MRPV EXUWXV EHW YLVDL QHNDOWXV 1HQDXG¡OHL /HRNDGLMDL ³PHWXVL VXGåLÌYXVL
UXSÌå
³ PHGÐ NDG LU ML NDLS WD UXSÌå¡ VXGåLÌWÐ QHV HVDQWL ODEDL SLNWD LU M YLV XåNDELQ¡MXVL .LWRPV ²
NXULRPV åROHOLÐ JDOYÌJDO\MH SDG¡MXVL NDG JDOYDV VNDXG¡WÐ LU PDåLDX OLHåXYLDLV PDOWÐ R GDU NLWRPV ²
NXU NRMÌJDO\MH VXPD]J\W SHO
 NDG NRMDV VXVXNWÐ PDåLDX SR åPRQHV ODQGåLRWÐ LU MXRV VDYR
SDVNDORPLV SLNWLQWÐ R WRPV NXULRPV QXPLU¡OLR GDQWLV ³NLãXVL NDG LU MRPV GDQW\V LãE\U¡WÐ R NDV WXU¡WÐ
DWVLWLNWL QXR DUNOLÐ åLDXQÐ ML LU SDWL QHåLQDQWL WLNWDL PDQDQWL NDG WRNV GDLNWDV NDLS DUNOLR åLDXQRV
WXU¡WÐ N QRUV SDYHLNWL $U NRN³ GLHJO³ ³ ãRQ ³YDU\WL DU GDU N SDGDU\WL %HW PDW\W LU EXUWDL QLHNR
MRPV QHSDG¡M
 YLVRV VYHLNRV NDLS NXPHO¡V LU QRUL GDU M SUDåXG\WL
2 ML SDWL VX YHOQLDLV MRNLÐ UHLNDOÐ QHWXU¡MXVL EH WR NDUWR NDL %DOWDUDJLV M QRU¡M
V LãOHLVWL Xå
3LQþXNR LU UDJDQD QHEXYXVL QLHNDGD QHVNUDLGåLXVL SUR NDPLQ DQW ãOXRWRV LU QHåLQDQWL NDLS WDL
SDGDU\WL %HJ¡GLãNDL PHOXRMDQWL F\SGDYDWN¡ (OåELHWD EH WR ML Lã YLVR SXVLDX DNOD LU QHSULPDWDQWL R
ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV WDV EHJ¡GLV EDOWDN
ODND WDL QHåLQLD NDV MDP SDJLULRPLV DN\VH SDVLURG
V DQW
davatkyno stogo ties kaminu.
'DU YLHQ EDLVÐ QXVLG¡MLP SDSLOGåLXVL EDåQ\þLRMH EHW SULHã VDYR QRU 7DL EXYR W
VHNPDGLHQ³ NDL *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLXV SDYRJ¡ .OHERQDV SHU PLãSDUXV NDL XåJLHGRM
V ML LU
SDJDOYRMXVL NDG QXVLåYHQJ
V QHO\JLQDQW *LUGYDLQLR GULJDQWDV *DLO¡MXVLV LU PXãXVLV ³ NUÌWLQ
 EHW
QLHNR QHSDG¡MR LU NDL WLN NOHERQDV JLHGRGDY
V PLãSDUXV ML YLV W SDW³ SDJDOYRGDYXVL 7RG¡O NDG
LãYHQJWÐ QXVLG¡MLPR ML LU QHLGDYXVL ³ PLãSDUXV
² 7DL WLHVD ² SULWDU¡ YLVRV GDYDWNRV LU GX Y\UDL ² %HUQDUGDV VX %HQMDPLQX ²ML QLHNDGD
QHLGDYR ³ EDåQ\þL SHU LãNLOPLQJXV PLãSDUXV
2 8UãXO¡ DWOLNXVL YLHã LãSDåLQW³ PXã¡VL ³ NUÌWLQ
LU SULåDG¡MR QLHNDGD QHQXVLG¡WL MRNLDLV
EXUWDLV QHXåVLLPWL VNDLVW\E¡MH J\YHQWL VXVLWDLN\WL VX %DOWDUDJLX MR GXNWHU³ QXR YHOQLR LãJHOE¡WL LU SDWL
YLV DPåLÐ DWJDLORWL
² 6NLUNLWH NOHERQ¡OL QRUV LU VXQNLDXVL DWJDLO WLN GXRNLWH LãULãLP ² VXNQLXER 8UãXO¡ SULH
NOHERQR NRMÐ LU WDLS VPDUNLDL VXGDY¡ ³ VDYR VHQ VXGåLÌYXVL QXVLG¡M¡O¡V NUÌWLQ
 NDG QHW YLVÐ
DSOLQNXL VWRYLQþLÐ NUÌWLQ¡VH DWVLOLHS¡ GXVOXV JDUVDV 7DLS W\OX SDVLGDU¡ NDG JLUG¡MR YLHQDV NLWR
NY¡SDYLP
² 1HJDXVL LãULãLPR ² SDJDOLDX WDU¡ SDVLSLNWLQ
V NOHERQDV ² 6HQLDX WRNLDV UDJDQDV
GHJLQGDYR 'DEDU JDLOD Q¡UD WRNLR ³VWDW\PR 7DL SDNÌWDYRN YLHQD åPRQLÐ DWVWXPWD LU QXR EDåQ\þLRV
atskirta.
8UãXO¡ LãJLUGXVL WRN³ VSUHQGLP SXRO¡ EXþLXRWL NOHERQR NRMDV SUDã\GDPD SDVLJDLO¡WL YLVD
SDP¡O\QDYR þLD SDW DSDOSR LU LãVLWLHV¡ DQW åHP¡V QHDWJDXGDPD NYDSR %HW WDL Q¡ NLHN QHVXJUDXGLQR
NOHERQR ãLUGLHV 3HU GDXJ MDP EXYR ³JULVXVL YLVD WD YHOQLDYD NXUL MR SDUDSLMRMH G¡MRVL 2 þLD SR
NRMRPLV GDU LãVLWLHV¡ SDWL VYDUELDXVLRML WRV YHOQLDYRV NDOWLQLQN¡ 1H YHOWXL ML SDWDU¡ NDLPXL LU Xå
DUNOLDYDJ³ XåSLUNWL PLãLDV NXULÐ GDEDU NOHERQDV QHDWODLN\V LU QHGXRV LãULãLPR QHL J\YLHPV QHL
PLUXVLHPV NXULH VX YHOQLX VXVLG¡MR 7HJX SDW\V åLQRVL R MDP YLVR WR SHU DNLV XåWHQND 7DL
SHUVLåHJQRM
V NOHERQDV QX¡MR NDLS 3LORWDV JULHåWDL ³VDN
V ]DNULVWLMRQXL %HQMDPLQXL LU ãSLWROQLQNXL
Bernardui:
² ,ãYHVNLWH M Xå PDQR SDUDSLMRV ULEÐ GXRNLWH JHUDL ³ SDGDONDV LU SDOHLVNLWH ³ YLVXV NHWXULV
Y¡MXV

XLI

1HSDSUDVWDL LãNLOPLQJDL SDO\G¡MR 8UãXO

Lã âYHQGXEU¡V GDYDWN\QR LU SDUDSLMRV
3UR VXVLJUÌGXVL PLQL NHOL VN\U¡ SDWV âYHQGXEU¡V EDåQ\þLRV PDUãDOND .LNXWLV PDåDV
åPRJXWLV EHW VX GLGHOH JXPEXRWD OD]GD NDLS SHU GLGåLDXVLXV DWODLGXV 3DVNXL ¡MR 8UãXO¡ EHW GLHYH
DSVDXJRN NRNV WHQ EXYR ¡MLPDV YLVD ãODSLD PDW NRO DWJDLYLQR NDL DSDOSR SULH NOHERQLMRV SR
LãSDåLQWLHV SRU NLELUÐ YDQGHQV DQW MRV VXS\O¡ SDNXORPLV XåNLãWD EXUQD NDG QHU¡NWÐ PD]JRW¡
XåULãWRPLV DNLPLV NDG QHVXåDY¡WÐ VXULãWRPLV NRMRPLV LU UDQNRPLV NDG QHSDE¡JWÐ NXU ML YDUJã¡
JDO¡MR SDE¡JWL" LU GDU SHU OLHPHQ³ SDYDGåLDLV SDYDGHO¡WD NXULÐ YLHQ JDO ODLN¡ ãSLWROQLQNDV
%HUQDUGDV R DQWU ² QHW ³VLU
å
V ² ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV 9DUJã¡ 8UãXO¡ NOXSR NDLS QXYDU\WDV
DUNO\V SDVNOLGR JDQGDL NDG ML LU DQW DUNOLÐ PDU XåWUDXNXVL EHW QHJDO¡MR QHL VXVWRWL QHL DWVLNY¡SWL
QHV Lã YLHQRV SXV¡V UDJLQR ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV VX ãHUPXNãQLQH OD]GD ãHUPXNãQLR YLVL GLHYR
SULHãLQLQNDL ELMRVL R Lã NLWRV SXV¡V ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV NUDSLQR ² YLV SHU SDGDONDV LU SHU
EODX]GDV ² QHåLQLD DU VX DUNOLR XRGHJD DU VX NDåNRNLD NUDS\OD
2 NRNLD åPRQLÐ VSÌVWLV EXYR .RNV ULNVPDV NRNV WULXNãPDV 7RNLRV VSÌVWLHV LU WRNLR ULNVPR
QHW SHU GLGåLDXVLXV DWODLGXV LU MRPDUNXV QHEÌGDYR 6XVLULQNR QH WLN âYHQGXEU¡V EDåQ\WNDLPLV EHW LU
DSOLQNLQLDL NDLPDL $U QH VWHEXNODV" -XN J\Y UDJDQ WU¡P¡ Lã PLHVWHOLR
3DJDOLDX NDL Lã¡MR Lã âYHQGXEU¡V åPRQLÐ VSÌVWLV DWVOÌJR . JL SDPDW¡ UDJDQ LU JDQD 1H
WRNLD ML EDLVL NRNV EDLVXV MRV YDU\PDV 7DL YLHQLHPV QHW SDJDLOR R NLWL QXVLVSLRY¡ NDG QHXåNHU¡WÐ LU
QX¡MR .DL LãYDU¡ ³ YLHãNHO³ OLNR WLNWDL SDO\GRYDL LU YLHQDV NLWDV åLRSO\V NXULDP GDU QHDWVLERGR 7DUS
MÐ SDVLPDLã¡ LU YDUJãDV -XUJXWLV VX VDYR SDVDJRPLV EHW LãVLJDQG
V NDG LU MR WDLS QHYDU\WÐ SDWV
SDE¡JR 2 NLWXV LãYDLN¡ ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV XåVLPRM
V VX DUNOLR XRGHJD
² .R þLD GDEDU" ² DWVLJU
å
V SHUYHG¡ ³QLUãXVLRPLV DNLPLV ² $U QHLVLWH QDPR"
3DåLRSVRMRWH LU XåWHNV
0DW ]DNULVWLMRQDV %HQMDPLQDV JDOYRMR SDYHG¡WL 8UãXO
Xå SLUPR NDOQHOLR GXRWL WHQ MDL JHUDL ³
SDGDONDV LU SDOHLVWL ³ YLVXV NHWXULV Y¡MXV .XU þLD M YHVL Xå SDUDSLMRV ULERV" ,U WDLS QXVLYDU¡ NRO LãYHG¡
Lã âYHQGXEU¡V
%HW QH WDLS Lã¡MR NDLS JDOYRMR %HQMDPLQDV 9RV QXWHPS¡ Xå NDOQHOLR LU EXYR EHNHWLQV
³Y\NG\WL VDYR VXPDQ\P NDL Lã SDNHO¡V ãRNR Y\UDL VX NXRODLV LU VXãXNR
² .R þLD VXVWRMRWH" 9DU\NLWH WROLDX VDYR UDJDQ ,U WDLS WROLDX YLV NHOL 9RV WLNWDL VXVWRGDYR
LU QRU¡GDYR SDOHLVWL WXRMDX DWVLUDVGDYR EÌU\V Y\UÐ VX NXRODLV LU UHLNDODXGDYR
— Varykite toliau! Neleisime savo laukuose paleisti tos raganos.
. GDEDU GDU\VL" 5HLNV M YDU\WL Xå SDUDSLMRV ULEÐ 7LNWDL åLQLD DSLH UDJDQRV YDU\P JUHLþLDX
VNOLGR SHU NDLPXV QHJX MLH VS¡MR YDU\WL YLHãNHOLX YDUJã
8UãXO
 7DL LãSDQþLRMR M LU ¡P¡ VSDUþLDX
YDU\WL %HW NXU WX DSOHQNVL JDQG" ,ã NRMÐ QXVLYDU¡ EDåQ\þLRV WDUQDL R LU WD UDJDQD 8UãXO¡ QHSDVLYHOND
7HPSN MHLJX QRUL QLHNR NLWR QHSDGDU\VL 6XVWRWL Q¡ QHP¡JLQN WXRMDX DWVLUDV Y\UDL VX NXRODLV LU UHLNLD
YDU\WL WROLDX 2 NXU M QXYDU\VL"
3DO\GRYDL QHW JUDXGHQWLV SUDG¡MR
² .XU PHV M UDJDQ SDG¡VLPH" ² YLVDL QXVLPLQ¡ ãSLWROQLQNDV %HUQDUGDV -R NDNWD GDXJLDX
LãUDVRMR QHJX SR GLGåLDXVLR VNDPELQLPR YDUSDLV ² 1HJL WDLS LU WXU¡VLPH M YDU\WL ³ SDVDXOLR JDO"
² 2 N Dã åLQDX" ² DWVDN¡ QRV³ QXNDELQ
V %HQMDPLQDV ² -HL EÌþLDX åLQRM
V NDG WRNL E¡G
WXU¡VLX EÌþLDX YLVDL QHSUDVLG¡M
V 7HJX EÌWÐ SDWV NOHERQDV GDU
V VX MD N QRU¡M
V
7DLS E¡GRGDPL MLHGX LU YLVDL ³ E¡G ³NOLXYR 3UL¡MR SDUDSLMRV ULE ² WLOWHO³ DQW 3DGLHY\þLR
VUDXQDXV XSHOLR NXULV VN\U¡ 'LGåLDVDOLR SDUDSLM QXR âYHQGXEU¡V SDUDSLMRV ² LU VXVWRMR þLD YLGXU\MH
WLOWHOLR 2 SR WLOWHOLX SDVLVO¡S
V -XUJXWLV EDLVLDL QXVLJDQGR ² NDV JL GDEDU EXV" $U WLN QHXåJULXV DQW MR
JDOYRV" %HW 'LGåLDVDOLR Y\UDL XåVWRMR NHOL Lã SULHãDNLR LU QHOHLGåLD
² 9DU\NLWH DWJDO VDYR UDJDQ 1HOHLVLPH PXPV SULPHVWL
2 âYHQGXEU¡V Y\UDL XåU¡P¡ NHOL Lã XåSDNDOLR LU VX NXRODLV JUDVLQD
² 9DU\NLWH UDJDQ WROLDX *DQD PHV QXR MRV SULVLNHQW¡MRPH
. GDEDU GDU\VL" 1HL WHQ QHL DWJDO 1XYDU\WD 8UãXO¡ VXNQLXER YLGXU\MH WLOWHOLR LU NULRNLD NDLS
SULHã JDO 1XVLPLQ
SDO\GRYDL QXPHW¡ ãDOLD MRV SDYDGåLXV %¡N GDEDU UDJDQD MHLJX JDOL ,U GDLURVL
þLD ³ YLHQ WLOWHOLR JDO þLD ³ NLW
² .XU GDEDU PHV M G¡VLPH" ² EHYLOWLãNDL NODXV¡ Y\UÐ XåVWRMXVLÐ NHOL
 ² 2 NDV PXPV UÌSL" ² DEHMLQJDL DWVDN¡ YLHQDV LU NLWDV WLOWHOLR JDODV ² 1RUV LU ³ SUDJDU VX
MD QXJUDP]G¡NLWH
3DVLGDLU¡ SDVLåYDOJ¡ %HUQDUGDV VX %HQMDPLQX PDWR ² QHE¡UD NLWRV LãHLWLHV OLHND WLNWDL
ODXNWL $WVLU¡P¡ %HQMDPLQDV ³ WLOWHOLR DWORã LU VSLDXGRVL ³ WHNDQW³ YDQGHQ³ R %HUQDUGDV DWVLV¡GR DQW
WLOWHOLR ãDOLD 8UãXO¡V LU SUDG¡MR SDW\ORPLV M SOÌVWL NDG WX ãLRNLD LU WRNLD NDG WX JDO JDXWXP
SUDVPHJWXP NLDXUDL WLOW VX YLVRPLV VDYR UDJDQ\VW¡PLV
7DL LãJLUG
V -XUJXWLV QXVLJDQGR SDWLOW¡MH LU ãRNR E¡JWL SHU ODXNXV VNDPELQGDPDV SDVDJRPLV
lyg šaukdamas pagalbos.
2 Y\UDL VXVWRM
WLOWHOLR JDOXRVH QHLãNHQW¡ LU SUDG¡MR JDUVLDL ORWLV äRGLV SR åRGåLR LU SUDVLG¡MR
SHãW\Q¡V 7LNWDL VNDOGR YLHQL NLWLHPV DQWDXVLXV LU ODNVWR NHSXU¡V QXR WLOWR ³ YDQGHQ³
.XR WRV SHãW\Q¡V EÌWÐ SDVLEDLJXVLRV LU NDWUD ãDOLV EÌWÐ QXJDO¡MXVL EXYR QHDLãNX 7LNWDL
EHVLSHãGDPL SDVWHE¡MR NDG NDåNRNV SRQDLþLXNDV WDUS MÐ PDLãRVL LU VLXQGR GDU VPDUNLDX SHãWLV 6XVWRMR
QXVWHE
Y\UDL 2 WDV SRQDLþLXNDV DWVLVWRMR YLGXU\MH WLOWR SDVLU¡P¡ OD]GHOH LU NYDWRMD
² .R SHãDW¡V Y\UDL" ² NODXVLD
² .XU þLD QHVLSHãL" ² DWVDN¡ 'LGåLDVDOLR Y\UDL ² -LH PXPV VDYR UDJDQ QRUL SULPHVWL
² ,U PXPV MRV QHUHLNLD ² DWVLOLHS¡ ãYHQGXEULãNLDL
² .XUJL WD UDJDQD" ² DSVLGDLU¡ SRQDLþLXNDV
² 2JL ãWDL JXOL ² NRMD SDVS\U¡ %HQMDPLQDV GDYDWNRV OLQN S\NGDPDV DQW SRQDLþLXNR NDG
SHãW\QHV VXNOLXG¡ LU QHOHLGR MDP QHSDVWHE¡WDP SDVSUXNWL LU SDOLNWL UDJDQ DQW WLOWHOLR 7HJXO åLQRVL VX
ja.
² $U WLNUDL ML UDJDQD" ² Y¡O SDNODXV¡ WDV SRQDLþLXNDV Lã YLVÐ SXVLÐ DSåLÌU¡GDPDV
VXJULXYXVL 8UãXO

² 2 NDV M åLQR" ² DEHMLQJDL DWVDN¡ %HUQDUGDV QHV MDP LNL J\YR NDXOR ³JULVR DQW WLOWR ãDOLD
MRV V¡G¡WL LU SDW\ORPLV M NHLNWL
² $U EDQG¡WH" ² SDVLWHLUDYR SRQDLþLXNDV
² 1H ² DWVDN¡
² 7DL QHLãPDQ¡OLDL ² VDNR WDGD SRQDLþLXNDV ² 7DPVÌV åPRQ¡V HVDWH 3HãDW¡V LU SDW\V
QHåLQRWH NR 3LUPD UHLNLD LãEDQG\WL DU ML WLNUDL UDJDQD
² 2 NDLS M LãEDQG\VL" ² YLHQL LU NLWL QHVXSUDWR
² 2JL ODEDL SDSUDVWDL ² VDNR WDV SRQDLþLXNDV ² -HLJX EÌWXWH DSVLãYLHW
 WDL LU åLQRWXWH NDLS
reikia raganas išbandyti. Štai, net knygose parašyta.
ýLD LãVLWUDXN¡ WDV SRQDLþLXNDV VX NHSHOLXãXNX WRNL GLGHO
NQ\J PDåGDXJ NDLS PLãLRODV Lã
SR SDåDVWLHV SHUNUHLS¡ JDOY DWYHUW¡ ODS LU SHUVNDLW¡
² âWDL þLD ORW\QLãNDL SDUDã\WD R Dã MXPV LãJXOG\VLX OLHWXYLãNDL -HLJX PRWHULãN¡ \UD DSWDUWD
UDJDQD HVDQWL WDL UHLNLD SULULãWL NDLULRVLRV UDQNRV Q\NãW³ SULH GHãLQLRVLRV NRMRV R GHãLQLRVLRV UDQNRV
Q\NãW³ SULH NDLULRVLRV NRMRV SDYDGHO¡WL LU PHVWL ³ YDQGHQ³ -HLJX SODXNV ²UDJDQD R MHLJX VN
V ²
QHNDOWD 7DLJL PDWRWH JDOLPD ODEDL SDSUDVWDL LãEDQG\WL UHLNLD WLN åLQRWL
² 0RN\WDV åPRJXV YLV PRN\WDV ² DWVLOLHS¡ Lã YLHQR WLOWR JDOR ² 2 PHV GXUQLDL VWRYLPH
DQW WLOWR QHåLQRPH N GDU\WL LU SHãDP¡V
² 7DL N" ² DWVLãDXN¡ DQWUL ² %DQG\NLPH DU N MDX NDLS NQ\JRVH SDUDã\WD"
² %DQG\NLPH ² SULWDU¡ SLUPL
6XVL¡MR WDGD YLHQDV JDODV WLOWHOLR VX NLWX JDOX SULN¡O¡ EHYHLN EH QXRYRNRV JXOLQþL 8UãXO

NDLS MRV LU QHVXPLQGåLRMR EHVLSHãGDPL VXULãR Q\NãþLXV VX NRMÐ SLUãWDLV NDLS NQ\JRVH SRQDLþLXNDV
LãVNDLW¡ SDYDGHO¡MR LU NODXVLD YLHQL NLWÐ
² 2 NDV GDEDU OHLV M ³ YDQGHQ³"
² .DV JL NLWDV OHLV MHLJX QH WLH SDW\V NXU DWVLYDU¡" ² DWVDN¡
%HUQDUGDV VX %HQMDPLQX QHVLSULHãLQR SD¡P¡ Xå SDYDGåLÐ JDOÐ SULN¡O¡ 8UãXO
 R WD DWJDYXVL
VPRQ
 VXGHMDYR
² 3DVLJDLO¡NLWH ² VDNR ² /HLVNLWH EHQW VDYR JULHNXV DWSDNÌWDYRWL LU LãULãLP JDXWL
² *HUDL ² SDVNXERPLV DWVDN¡ %HUQDUGDV ² *DO¡VL SDNÌWDYRWL 7LNWDL SLUPD PHV WDYH
išbandysime, kaip knygose parašyta.
8åN¡O¡ 8UãXO
DQW WLOþLXNR DWUDPRV WD QHVS¡MR QHL VXYRNWL N þLD VX MD GDUR SDVWÌP¡ M
%HUQDUGDV Lã XåSDNDOLR ML DLNWHO¡MR LU SOLXPSWHO¡MR ³ YDQGHQ³ YLVD SDVLQHUGDPD
9LVL VXåLXUR QXR WLOWR
² 0DWDL QHNDOWD PHUJHO¡ ² YLHQL SDVDN¡² 3DVNHQGR
%HW QHVS¡MR SDVDN\WL åLÌUL ² VXEXUEXOLDYR YDQGXR LU LãNLOR 8UãXO¡ ³ SDYLUãLÐ
² 5DJDQD ² VXãXNR Lã YLVÐ SXVLÐ
 2 %HUQDUGDV VX %HQMDPLQX QXVLJDQGR NDG GDEDU WLNUDL QHWXU¡V NXU MRV G¡WL LU SDOHLGR
SDYDGåLÐ JDOXV 8UãXO¡ Y¡O SDVLQ¡U¡
— Laikykit, laikykit! — sušuko kiti nuo tilto.
%HW NXU þLD ODLN\VL MHLJX SDYDGåLDL MDX SOÌGXULDYR YDQGHQV SDYLUãLXMH LU SODXN¡ SDYDQGHQLXL
6XåLXUR YLVL DU NDUWDLV GDU QHLãNLOV 8UãXO¡ EHW DQW YDQGHQV LããRNR WLNWDL YLHQDV NLWDV
burbuliukas.
'DU SDODXN¡ SDåLÌU¡MR ² QLHNR QHPDW\WL WLN YDQGXR VÌNXULXRGDPDV SODXNLD R 8UãXO¡V WDUVL
LU QHEXY

² . MXGX SDGDU¡WH" ² XåVLSXRO¡ WDGD YLVL %HUQDUG VX %HQMDPLQX ² .DP JDOXV SDOHLGRWH"
3DVNDQGLQRWH QHNDOW PHUJHO

² *DO GDU VXJULHEVLPH SDYDQGHQLXL ² DWVDN¡ QXVLJDQG
V %HUQDUGDV
3XRO¡ YLVL ³ SDWLOW
LHãNRWL SDVNHQGXRO¡V R DQW WLOWR SRQDLþLXNDV SLNWDL QXVLãLHS¡
² .XU LHãNRWH" ² ãÌNWHO¡MR² ,HãNRNLWH SULHã YDQGHQ³ ² SDWDU¡ SRQDLþLXNDV LU EDLVLDL
QXVLNYDWRMR NDG QHW ãLXUSX SDVLGDU¡
2 Y\UDL VXVLUÌSLQ
8UãXO¡V LãJHOE¡MLPX QHDWNUHLS¡ G¡PHVLR 7LNWDL SDVNXL JHUDV YDUVQDV
SDYDQGHQLXL LU SULHã YDQGHQ³ DSLHãNRM
LU QLHNXU VNHQGXRO¡V QHUDG
 ² YLQJXULXRGDPDV YDQGXR NDåLQ
NXU QXQHã¡ 8UãXO
VX YLVDLV SDYDGåLDLV ² DSVLGDLU¡ NXU þLD WDV PRNVOLQþLXV NXULV WDLS EDQG\WL
SDPRN¡ QRUV ³ VSUDQG UHLNWÐ XåYDåLXRWL Xå WRN³ PRNVO EHW þLD MLV EXYR þLD MR S¡GVDNDL GLQJR
.DV JL MLV EXYR" 9LHQL SDVWHE¡MR NDG MLV EXYR UDLãDV R NLWL DUNOLR NDQRS PDW
 $U WLN
QHSDVLYDLGHQR DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR GÌãLD" 9\UDL QHMXRNDLV LãVLJDQGR
7DGD YLVDV DSPDXGDV QXVLJU³åR SULHã %HUQDUG VX %HQMDPLQX
² 7DL SHU MXGX GXUQLDL QHNDOW åPRJÐ QXVNDQGLQRPH LU JULHN DQW VDYR VåLQ¡V SUL¡P¡PH
'DY¡ WDGD %HUQDUGXL VX %HQMDPLQX JHUDL ³ VSUDQG LU LãVLVNLUVW¡ VSLDXG\GDPLHVL -DX EXYR
YLVDL VXWHP
 R þLD GDU DUNOLDYDJLR GÌãLD YDLGHQDVL 7DL YLVL QXVNXE¡MR QDPR NDG GLGHVQ¡V QHODLP¡V
QHLãWLNWÐ
2 %HUQDUGDV VX %HQMDPLQX EDLVLDL LãYDUJ
LU QHNDOWDL QXVNULDXVWL WLNWDL SDU\þLX VXJU³åR ³
âYHQGXEU
LU QX¡MR WLHVLDL SDV NOHERQ $SVDN¡ VDYR YDUJXV LU SDSUDãR DWODLN\WL PLãLDV Xå 8UãXO¡V Y¡O

² 2 þLD GDEDU N SUDVLPDQ¡WH" ² SDVLSLNWLQR NOHERQDV
² 1HNDOWD PHUJHO¡ EXYR ² DWVLGXVR DEXGX LU SDSDVDNRMR NDV EXYR DQW 3DGLHY\þLR WLOWHOLR
6XS\NR NOHERQDV Xå WRN³ VDYR WDUQÐ NYDLOXP LU LãYLMR DEXGX GUDXJXV Lã EDåQ\WLQ¡V WDUQ\ERV
7LH SULVLG¡MR SULH XEDJÐ HLO¡V LU NDOE¡GDPL VYHLNDPDULMDV Xå NLWDV Y¡OHV VXNDOE¡GDYR SR VYHLNDPDULM
LU Xå QHNDOWRV PHUJHO¡V 8UãXO¡V Y¡O


XLII

2 W YDNDU VDXOHL OHLGåLDQWLV NDL VXVLU¡P

Y\UDL DQW 3DGLHY\þLR WLOWHOLR QXVNDQGLQR YDUJã

8UãXO
 NHOLX 3DXGUXY¡V SHONLÐ OLQN ¡MR 9LVJLUGD VX ãHUPXNãQLQH OD]GD NLOSRPLV LU UH]JLQ¡PLV SR
SDåDVWLPL
-LV VHQLDL ³WDU¡ NDG YLVÐ WÐ QHODLPLÐ WLNUDVLV NDOWLQLQNDV EXV QH NDV NLWDV WLNWDL 3DXGUXY¡V
SHONLÐ YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV NXULV PDW\W YLVDL SDEOÌGR LU QHVLOLDXMD HLEHV GDU
V 5HLNLD M³ NDUW SULþLXSWL LU
VXWUDPG\WL NDG GDXJLDX QHVLYDLGHQWÐ
7DG 9LVJLUGD VXWHON
V YLV VDYR LãPLQW³ LU SULW\ULP VHNLRMR M³ S¡GRPLV LU WDLV¡ DQW MR WDNÐ
NLOSDV NDG MLV SDJDOLDX ³NOLÌWÐ EHW 3LQþXNDV NDLS SDGÌN
V ODNVW¡ YLVXU DSOLQNXL R 9LVJLUGD QLHNDLS MR
QHJDO¡MR VXJDXWL
7LNWDL W YDNDU HLGDPDV SUR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP ² UHQJ¡VL LU WHQ XåWDLV\WL MDP NLOSDV ²
SDPDW¡ DQW NU\åNHO¡V XEDJ QH XEDJ DU ãLDLS NRN³ SDYDUJ¡O³ SDNHOHLY³ DWãOXEXRMDQW³ LU VX OD]GHOH
SDVLUDPVþLXRMDQW³ ,ã SUDGåLÐ 9LVJLUGD SDJDOYRMR DU WLN QHEXV NDOYLR -XRGYDONLR SDUDQNLQLV -XUJXWLV
NXULV QXR SHUQDL SDEOÌG
V YDONLRMRVL SDNHO¡PLV PDW\W NRM LãVLQDULQ
V LU SDJDOLDX JU³åWV QDPR %HW
DUþLDX SUL¡M
V SDPDW¡ DU QHEXV WLNWDL XEDJX DSVLPHW
V WDV QHODEDVLV NXULR VHQLDL LHãNR
² $U Lã WROL NHOLDXML" ² XåNODXV¡ 9LVJLUGD QHSDå³VWDPM³
² ,ã WROL LU Lã DUWL ² DWVDN¡ WDV VWDEWHOGDPDV LU YLHQD NXOQLP åHP¡V QHVLHNGDPDV² 2 SDWV
kur eini?
² 1DJL þLD SDW ³ SHONHV NLãNLÐ JDXG\WL ² DWVDN¡ 9LVJLUGD DWSDåLQGDPDV 3LQþXN NXULR
QLHNDGD QHEXYR PDW
V WLN GDXJ DSLH M³ JLUG¡M
V
3LQþXNDV LUJL DWSDåLQR 9LVJLUG WLN QHåLQRMR MR PLQþLÐ LU NHWLQLPÐ 3DJDOYRMR JDO WLNUDL VHQLV
VNHUGåLXV PHGåLRMD NLãNLXV QHWXU¡GDPDV NR YHLNWL ,U VWDLJD ãRY¡ MDP ³ JDOY JHUD PLQWLV
— Nori, — sako, — aš tau visus kiškius sugaudysiu ir tave auksu apipilsiu?
² 8å N JL WDLS" ² QXVWHER 9LVJLUGD LU DUþLDX SUL¡MR WDLN\GDPDVLV XåPHVWL VXNU\åLXRWDV
NLOSDVUH]JLQHV 3LQþXNXL DQW JDOYRV R SDVNXL WYRWL DWJDOLD UDQND VX ãHUPXNãQLQH OD]GD NDG Lã MR GHUYD
SDVLOLHWÐ
%HW 3LQþXNDV SDMXW
V SDYRMÐ NLHN DWVLWUDXN¡ ãOXEþLRGDPDV LU LãVL¡P¡ Lã OLHPHQ¡V WDERNLQ

² 0DWDL ² WDU¡ ãQLDXNãGDPDV WDERN LU DSJDOYRGDPDV NDLS þLD JHULDX VXVLWDUXV ²7X
JXGUXV LU Dã QH NYDLODV .DP PXPV S\NWLV" *DOLPH JUDåXPX VXVLWDUWL .DLS åLQDL *LUGYDLQLR
REXROPXãLDL åXY
 LU MLV SDWV Lã SURWR Lã¡M
V 1XYHåN PDQH Xå M³ SLUãOLDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ -XUJ
tai aš tave aukso kalnais apipilsiu.
² .RG¡O QH ² VXWLNR 9LVJLUGD QRU¡GDPDV 3LQþXN DUþLDX SULVLYLOLRWL ² JDOLX QXYHåWL 7LN
NRNV Lã WDY
V MDXQLNLV VHQDV NDLS NHOPDV LU ãOXEDV NDLS YHOQLDV
² 7DL WLHVD ² DWVLGXVR 3LQþXNDV² 2 DU QHJDO¡WXP PDQ
V DWMDXQLQWL LU SDWDLV\WL NRM"
² *DO¡þLDX ² SULWDU¡ VXVLGRP¡M
V 9LVJLUGD ² WLN QHåLQDX DU WX JDO¡VL"
² $ã YLVN JDOLX ² VWDLJD XåVLGHJ¡ 3LQþXNDV YLVNDP SDVLU\å
V NDG WLN SDY\NWÐ SLUãO\ERV
7DGD QXVLã\SVRM
V 9LVJLUGD LãVL¡P¡ Lã NLãHQ¡V VDYR WDERNLQ¡V UDJHO³ LU LãWUDXN¡ NDPãW³
² 7D YD ² WDU¡ ² MHL JDO¡WXP ³O³VWL ³ PDQR WDERNLQ¡V UDJHO³ WDL LãO³VWXP Lã MR VYHLNDV LU
jaunas.
² *HUDL ² VXWLNR DSVLGåLDXJ
V 3LQþXNDV þLD SDW SDVLPXLVW¡ VNDUPDODL NDLS UÌNDV QXNULWR R
MLV SDWV VX YLVD YHOQLãND QXRJ\EH ãPXUNãW LU ³OLQGR ³ WDERNRV UDJHO³ WLN XRGHJRV JDOLXNDV OLNR
9LVJLUGD QLHNR QHODXNGDPDV NDNãW LU XåNDO¡ UDJHO³ NDPãþLX SULVSDXVGDPDV XRGHJRV JDO R
SDVNXL SDGDU¡ NU\åPLQ³ åHQNO NDG YHOQLDV QHLãO³VWÐ GDU NLOSRPLV DSUDL]J¡ LU O\J QLHNXU QLHNR UDPLDL
³VLG¡MR ³ NLãHQ

7 VWHEXNOLQJ WDERNLQ
VHQLDL 9LVJLUGD WXU¡MR GDU Lã WXUNÐ NDUR EXYR SDUVLQHã
V EHW MRV
JDO\EH WLN YLHQ NDUW JDO¡MR SDVLQDXGRWL 7DL YLV DWLG¡OLRMR QHQRU¡GDPDV J\Y SDGDU QRUV LU
GLGåLDXVL SULHãLQLQN ³ M ³JUÌVWL R GDEDU DSVLGåLDXJ¡ NDG WDLS OHQJYDL ³YDU¡ QHQDXG¡O³ YHOQL LU
DPåLQDL XåNDO¡ 3DWHQNLQWDV QX¡MR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRV OLQN JDOYRGDPDV NDG GDEDU YLVRV E¡GRV
SDVLEDLJ¡ LU EXV JDOLPD YLVN SDWDLV\WL 7LN 3LQþXNDV XåGDU\WDV UDJHO\MH F\S¡ LU ]YLPE¡ NLãHQ¡MH NDLS
svirplys.
² .XU þLD G¡WL W ELDXU\E
" ² QHVLN
VGDPDV VYDUVW¡ 9LVJLUGD ² 5HLNWÐ WDLS XåNLãWL NDG
GDXJLDX SR åPRQHV QHVLYDONLRWÐ LU HLELÐ QHGDU\WÐ
3UL¡M
V *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP VWDEWHO¡MR LU SDVLåLÌU¡MR 3ULH NDPSR VVSDURV SDVWHE¡MR SO\ã³
$SVLGDLU¡ DSOLQNXL DU NDV QHPDWR 7XãþLD NLHPH R NDUþHPRMH URGRV Q¡ J\YRV GYDVLRV 7DL SDVLVWLHS¡
LU ³NLãR F\SLDQW³ UDJHO³ ³ W SO\ã³ 3DVNXL GDU JLOLDX SDJUÌGR LU SOHLãWX XåNDO¡
² 1D þLD JDO¡VL SHU DPåLXV F\SWL LU NDUþHPRMH YDLGHQWLV ² WDU¡ 9LVJLUGD EDLJ
V GDUE ²
1LHNDV WDY
V þLD QHVXUDV R LU WX QLHNDP EORJR QHJDO¡VL SDGDU\WL QHEHQW WLN JLUWXRNOLXV EDLG\VL
'DU NDUW 9LVJLUGD SDWLNULQ
V DU JHUDL XåNDOWD SDNDPã¡ VDPDQÐ NDG QLHNDV QHSDVWHE¡WÐ ² LU
QX¡MR VDX R ]YLPELPDV QXVSHQJ¡ YLVDLV NDUþHPRV SDVLHQLDLV VXVLOLHGDPDV ³ NDåNRN³ QHDLãNÐ LU
ãLXUSXOLQJ ÌåLP
9LVDL WHPVWDQW 9LVJLUGD SDOLN
V ÌåLDQþL NDUþHP SDVXNR NHOLX ³ VDYR NDLP WLN¡GDPDVLV
VXUDVWL *LUGYDLQ³ JDXWL NXU QRUV NLWXV REXROPXãLXV LU SDJDOLDX EDLJWL SUDG¡WDV SLUãO\EDV 'HMD QRUV LU
YLVN VXWYDUN
V VNXE¡MR SLUãO\V EHW VX MDXQLNLX SUDVLOHQN¡

XLIII

3DJDOLDX SR YLVÐ NODLGåLRMLPÐ NHOLDLV LU ãXQNHOLDLV VXJU³åR ³ VDYR NUDãW *LUGYDLQLV

2EXROPXãLDL DXV\VH MDX QHEHåYHQJ¡ %XYR EDLVLDL W\OX LU WXãþLD 7DU\WXP YLVDV SDVDXOLV EÌWÐ VWDLJD
LãWXãW¡M
V
3R VXVLWLNLPR NU\åNHO¡MH VX 3LQþXNX MDX QHEHVLWLN¡MR VXUDVWL VDYR REXROPXãLÐ 6X MDLV WDU\WXP
YLVN EXYR SUDUDG
V 3R NODMRQLÐ VXJU³å
V QDPR SDVLMXWR NDLS SR JDLVUR ² QHåLQRMR QHL N SUDG¡WL
QHL N GDU\WL
1HVLN
VGDPDV Xå¡MR SDV 9LVJLUG SDVLWDUWL EHW MR QDPLH QHUDGR WDL SDWV YLHQDV SDWUDXN¡ ³
3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW DSODQN\WL %DOWDUDJLXV LU DWVLSUDã\WL NDG WDLS LOJDL XåWUXNR VDYR REXROPXãLÐ
beieškodamas.
3DNHOLXL VXWLNR NHLVW SDYDUJ¡O³ VX SDVDJRPLV $U WLN QH M³ EXYR VXWLN
V SULHã DXãU NU\åNHO¡MH
NDL SDVLYDLGHQR QDNW³ 3LQþXNDV" 7DLS WDL EXYR YDUJãDV -XUJXWLV SR YLVÐ LãJVþLÐ YLV GDU QHåLQV NXU
G¡WLV VX WRPLV VYHWLPRPLV SDVDJRPLV
² ,ã NXU JDYDL WDV SDVDJDV" ² XåNODXV¡ *LUGYDLQLV
-XUJXWLV ãQLUSãGDPDV SULVLSDåLQR NDLS QX¡M
V ³ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP DWVLLPWL SUDJHUWÐ SDVDJÐ
NHWLQGDPDV DWLGLUEWL EHW âHãHOJD MDP SDVLÌO
V XåNDVWL GY¡VHOLHQDV LU QXVLOXSWL QXR MÐ NDQRSÐ SDVDJDV
VX NXULRPLV GDEDU MLV QHWXU³V NXU G¡WLV LU QHJDO³V VXJU³åWL QDPR QHV YLVXU EDLVÌV GDO\NDL GDURVL
 *LUGYDLQLV NODXV\GDPDV NUÌSWHO¡MR $U WLN ãLWDV SDNYDLã¡OLV QH MR REXROPXãLXV XåNDV¡" %HW
-XUJXWLV QLHNR QHåLQRMR WLN DWNLãR QHOHPWDV SDVDJDV NXULDV *LUGYDLQLV DWSDåLQR LU SDVL¡P¡ DWPLQLPXL
-XUJXWLV DSVLGåLDXJ¡ DWVLNUDW
V VYHWLPÐ SDVDJÐ NXULRV NDLS SULVYLO
GHJLQR MR UDQNDV LU QX¡MR
WLHVLDL³ NDOY
VX JU\QD VåLQH NDG Xå YLVN DWNHQW¡MR LU SDGDU¡ N JDO¡MR VDYR QXVLNDOWLPDPV LãSLUNWL
2 *LUGYDLQLV SDVL¡P
V VDYR REXROPXãLÐ SDVDJDV QX¡MR ³ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP .DåNXU MLV
SUDVLOHQN¡ VX 9LVJLUGD ² ¡MR WLHVLDL ODXNDLV WUXPSLQGDPDV NHOL ² LU QHVXåLQRMR NDV WHQ YDNDU
NDUþHPRMH DWVLWLNR
7HPVWDQW âHãHOJD LãJLUGR NDUþHPRMH QH NDUþHPRMH NDåNRN³ QHDLãNÐ VYLUSLP ]YLPELP
VNOLQGDQW³ ODXNH LU SHU YLV NDUþHP LU NUÌSWHO¡MR QXVLJDQG
V
² .RNV JL þLD GDEDU JDODV" ² QHUDPLDL DSVLåYDOJ¡ QHVXSUDVGDPDV NDV þLD LU Lã NXU ]YLPELD
9LVD NDUþHPD EXYR SLOQD NODLNDXV ÌåHVLR âHãHOJD Lã¡MR DSVLGDLU\WL ³ ODXN *DO WHQ NDV GDURVL"
%HW ODXNH WLNWDL NUDXSLDL JHVR VDXO¡OHLGLV SDVUXY
V WDUS MXRGÐ GHEHVÐ $QW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR
NUDQWR VWRY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV WDUVL UDQNDV LãN¡O
V $WURG¡ O\J SULHã QDNW³ WHONLDVL DXGUD
6XVLUÌSLQ
V âHãHOJD JU³åR ³ NDUþHP R WHQ YLV GDU WDV ]YLPELPDV QHVLOLRY¡ 8ååLHE¡ åLEXU³
DSåLÌU¡MR YLVXV SDãDOLXV EHW QHDLãNXV JDUVDV VNOLGR Lã YLVÐ NDPSÐ WDUVL YLVD NDUþHPD EÌWÐ NDåNRNLR
SUDNHLNLPR DSV¡VWD
² 1HJL 5DXSLR GÌãLD YDLGHQWÐVL" ² VXVLYRN¡ âHãHOJD LU GDU ODELDX QXVLJDQGR
3DVLGDU¡ EDLVLDL Q\NX LU QHUDPX 6SUXNWÐ SDWV Lã NDUþHPRV EHW NXU G¡VLHV QDNW³"
² .DG EHQW NDV XåHLWв SDVLJHGR âHãHOJD QHUDPLDL åYLOJþLRGDPDV ³ GXULV LU SDWV YRV
QHLãE¡JGDPDV
0DåD YLOWLHV EXYR NDG EHQW NDV XåNO\VWÐ WRN³ YDNDU 1HEHQW NRNV SDNHOHLYLV %HW NDV þLD
NHOLDXV WRNLX PHWX" 2 Lã NDLPR QLHNDV DNLÐ QHURG¡ SR 5DXSLR QXSDPSLQLPR 'DEDU SUDG¡V GDU LU MLV
vaidentis! Visai nebebus gyvenimo.
âHãHOJD EXYR EHE¡JV LHãNRWL 3LQþXNR LU WDV NDåNRG¡O VHQLDL QHVLURGR SDWDULPR NDL SUR GXULV
³¡MR NDåNRNV QHSDå³VWDPDV Y\UDV PDW\W Lã WROL DWNHOLDY
V
7DL EXYR *LUGYDLQLV %HW MR QHSDåLQR âHãHOJD R MLV QHW ODER YDNDUR MDP QHSDOLQN¡MR WLNWDL
DSVLGDLU¡ NDUþHPRMH O\J NHLVWR ]YLPELPR QXVWHELQWDV LU DWVLV¡GR QLDXUXV NDLS QDNWLV ³ SDþL NHUW
Xå
stalo.
9LVD ODLP¡ âHãHOJD Lã NDUWR QHSDåLQR *LUGYDLQLR QHV QLHNDGD QHEXYR MR PDW
V WDL
QHSUDVPHJR Lã WRV EDLP¡V NLDXUDL åHP
VX YLVD VDYR NDUþHPD 7LNWDL QXMDXW¡ NDG ãLV Y¡O\YDVLV VYHþLDV
QH SULHã JHUD DW¡MR 7RG¡O VWHE¡MR QXVLJDQGXVLRPLV DNLPLV NLHNYLHQ MR MXGHV³ LU VWHQJ¡VL ³VS¡WL NDV
SHU YLHQDV MLV EÌWÐ
2 *LUGYDLQLV DWVLV¡G
V Xå VWDOR WDU\WXP YLVDL QHSDVWHE¡MR âHãHOJRV WLNWDL DSVLGDLU¡ O\J
QXVWHELQWDV NHLVWR ]YLPELPR R SDVNXL Lã SDQLÌUÐ åYLOJWHO¡MR ³ NDUþHPQLQN LU ² WDUVL MDP WDUVL QH MDP
² WDU¡
² 'XRN GHJWLQ¡V ² WUHQN¡ ³ VWDO SDVDJDV NXULRV EDLVLDL VXåYDQJ¡MR LU QXVWHOE¡ NHLVW
]YLPELP² ² XåGÌãLQHV DW¡MDX
1XVLJDQG
V âHãHOJD SDãRNR Lã YLHWRV LU WXRMDX DWQHã¡ EXWHO³ JHULDXVLRV GHJWLQ¡V 3DVWDW¡ DQW
VWDOR SULHã *LUGYDLQ³ LU åHPDL QXVLOHQN¡ NDLS SULHã SRQ
² /DEDL SUDãDX *DO GDU NR PDORQ¡VLWH"
*LUGYDLQLV QLHNR QHDWVDN¡ LU QHW QHSDåLÌU¡MR ³ NDUþHPQLQN SD¡P¡ EXWHO³ LU LãJ¡U¡ YLHQX
XåVLYHUWLPX 3DVNXL WUHQN¡ EXWHO³ ³ JULQGLV âHãHOJD NDLS VWRY¡MR WDLS LU DWVLV¡GR DQW åHP¡V 2
*LUGYDLQLV O\J QLHNXU QLHNR Y¡O WDU¡
— Dar duok, biaurybe!
.DV þLD GDEDU SHU åPRJXV" ² VSRNVRMR âHãHOJD ³ *LUGYDLQ³ QHJDO¡GDPDV DWVLNHOWL QXR
åHP¡V LU QXODLN\WL GDQWLHV DQW GDQWLHV 7RNLR MLV NDLS J\YDV QHEXYR PDW
V QRUV LU QHPDåD YLVRNLÐ
åPRQLÐ ² LU SRQÐ LU PXåLNÐ LU NLWRNLÐ ² SUD¡MR SUR MR NDUþHP %HW QHVS¡MR *LUGYDLQLV DQWU NDUW
åYLOJWHO¡WL NDL âHãHOJD MDX DWQHã¡ DQWU EXWHO³ *LUGYDLQLV LãJ¡U¡ M³ NDLS SLUP LU WUHþLR SDSUDã¡
Tik tada Šešelga atsigodo ir suprato.
$U WLN QH *LUGYDLQLV EXV" ² SDWV VDX SDJDOYRMR VWLQJGDPDV Lã EDLP¡V
7DL DWQHã
V WUHþL EXWHO³ ² QHL J\YDV QHL PLU
V ² âHãHOJD SUDG¡MR WHLVLQWLV NDG MLV QLHNR
QHNDOWDV NDG WDL YHOQLR 3LQþXNR NXULV SDV %DOWDUDJ³ EHUQDYR LU DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR GDUEDV 2 MLV Lã WR
MRNLRV QDXGRV QHWXU¡MR WLN SULHSXRO³ JDY
V NDL 5DXS³ WDLS åLDXULDL VWDGDORMH XåSDPSLQ
REXROPXãLR
RGRMH %HW MDP WDLS LU UHLN¡M
 NDG QHYRJWÐ JHUÐ DUNOLÐ 2 LU 3LQþXNXL WDV JUDåXPX QHDSVLHLV QHV MLV þLD
EXYR GLGåLDXVLDV NDOWLQLQNDV
âHãHOJD YLVDV GUHE¡GDPDV LãSDVDNRMR N MLV åLQRMR LU NR QHåLQRMR *LUGYDLQLV QRUV LU NODXV¡
YLHQD DXVLP âHãHOJRV NDOERV EHW YLVDL MD QHVLGRP¡MR LU QLHNR QHJLUG¡MR -LV EXYR SDVNHQG
V VDYR
PLQW\VH NXULRV QLHNR EHQGUR VX âHãHOJRV SOHSDODLV QHWXU¡MR 2 WRV PLQW\V VO¡J¡ NDLS DNPHQÐ NDOQDV
7DL LãJ¡U¡ WUHþL EXWHO³ LU SDNLOR QXR VWDOR VDY
V QHSDNHOGDPDV EDLVLDL QLDXUXV LU JLUWDV 3LNWRPLV
G¡EWHO¡MR ³ EHVLWHLVLQDQW³ âHãHOJ NDG WDV YLVLãNDL DSPLU¡ LU QHWHNR åDGR
² 3DVLULQN ² WDU¡ ² SR NXULXR EDONLX QRUL NDERWL $SPRN¡VLX VVNDLW
âHãHOJD QHLãWDU
V Q¡ åRGåLR NDLS VWRY¡MR WDLS LU VXVPXNR YLHWRMH R SDVNXL DWVLSHLN¡M
V
NHWXUS¡VþLDV QXOLQGR Xå DODXV VWDWLQLÐ LU QHVDYX EDOVX SUDG¡MR VSLHJWL O\J MDX EÌWÐ NDULDPDV
0DåD YLOWLHV ã³ NDUW WXU¡MR âHãHOJD NDG OLNV QHSDNDUWDV EHW WLN EH UHLNDOR ãL EDLP
NHQW¡
² 1HQRUL ² QHUHLNLD ² DEHMLQJDL WDU¡ SDWUDXN
V SHþLDLV *LUGYDLQLV 3DVNXL VS\U¡ NRMD ³
GXULV LU Lã¡MR SDOLNGDPDV NDUþHPRMH VXNHOW VLDXE
/DXNH ãQLRNãW¡ SDYDVDULR Y¡MDV *LUGYDLQLV O\J LãVLSDJLULRGDPDV DSVLGDLU¡ DSOLQNXL SDPDW¡
SULH NDUþHPRV SDPHVW NDLPR Y\UÐ NXRO VX NXULXR SDPSLQR 5DXS³ SD¡P¡ M³ LU XåU¡P¡ NDUþHPRV
duris iš lauko.
3DVNXL Xå¡M
V Xå NDPSR SDVLåLÌU¡MR Lã NXULRV SXV¡V Y¡MDV SXþLD SDVLJUDLE¡ NLãHQ¡VH DWUDGR
GHJWXNÐ LU EUÌNãWHO¡M
V ² XåGHJ¡ NDUþHPRV ãLDXGLQ³ VWRJ 7XR ODLNX SO\NVWHO¡MR åDLEDV LU QXãYLHW¡
YLV SDGDQJ

*LUGYDLQLV DSVLGDLU¡ DSOLQNXL O\J QXVWHE
V SDODXN¡ NRO OLHSVQD DS¡P¡ YLV VWRJ LU QX¡MR
JDLVUR DWRãYDLVW¡VH WLHVLDL SHU NDOQXV %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR OLQN
3UDVLG¡MR DXGUD VX SHUNÌQLMRPLV LU JULDXVWLQLDLV äDLEDL GUDVN¡VL SR YLV SDGDQJ
 2 OLHSVQ
SDJDYR Y¡MDV LU JDLVUDV ÌåDXGDPDV LãVLSO¡W¡ DQW YLVRV NDUþHPRV VX VWDGDOD SODþLDL DSãYLHVGDPDV
3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW

XLIV

2L WDV *LUGYDLQLV NRNL E¡G LU Y¡O MLV SUDVLPDQ¡ DQW VDYR JDOYRV XåGHJGDPDV *DLGåJDO¡V
NDUþHP %HW MLV YLVDL QHåLQRMR NDG DWNHUã\GDPDV Xå REXROPXãLXV LãODLVYLQD VDYR SULHãLQLQN
3LQþXN NXULV 9LVJLUGRV VXYDU\WDV ³ WDERNLQ¡V UDJ EXYR XåNLãWDV ³ NDUþHPRV VVSDU
7R QHåLQRMR LU âHãHOJD 7DGD MLV EDLVLDL LãJVGLQWDV QHL J\YDV QHL PLU
V EXYR XåOLQG
V Xå
VWDWLQLÐ LU YLVDV Lã EDLP¡V GUHE¡MR ODXNGDPDV JDOR 7LN WDGD DWVLSHLN¡MR NDL SUR ODQJ SO\NVWHO¡MR
åDLEDV LU QXR JULDXVPR VXGUHE¡MR NDUþHPD 3DãRNR DSNYDLã
V Lã XåNDPSLR EHW þLD SUR OXEDV O\åWHO¡MR
OLHSVQÐ OLHåXYLDL LU YLVD NDUþHPD SUL¡MR GÌPÐ 3XRO¡ SUR GXULV EHW GXU\V Lã ODXNR EXYR XåUHPWRV LU MÐ
QLHNDLS QHJDO¡MR LãYHUVWL R MDX OLHSVQD VYLOLQR DNLV
7XR PHWX VX EDLVLX WUHQNVPX VSURJR NDUþHPRV NDPSDV NXU EXYR WDERNLQ¡V UDJHO\MH XåNLãWDV
3LQþXNDV 7DERNLQ¡V UDJDV XåVLGHJ¡ LU VSURJR 3LQþXNDV LãWUÌNR LU NDLS åDLEDV LãO¡N¡ QXJULDXGDPDV
YLV NDUþHPRV NDPS
3HUVLJDQG
V âHãHOJD SDJDOYRMR NDG Y¡O WUHQN
V åDLEDV DWEXODV JULXYR DWJDO ³ NDUþHP LU
DSVYLO
V VX GÌPDLV LãVLYHUW¡ SUR ODQJ
/DXNH VLDXW¡MR DXGUD åDLEDL VNDOG¡ GDQJÐ 3OHãN¡GDPD OLHSVQRMR YLVD NDUþHPD âHãHOJD
QRU¡MR E¡JWL ³ NDLP SDJDOERV EHW JDOYD DSVLVXNR LU MLV SDWV QHåLQRGDPDV NDLS QXUÌNR DSVYLO
V NDLS
SDUãDV ³ 3DXGUXY¡V SHONHV U¡NGDPDV
² *HOE¡NLW JHOE¡NLW
%HW SUR DXGU QLHNDV QHLãJLUGR MR ULNVPR LU QHVLVNXELQR ³ SDJDOE -LV SDWV YLVDV UXNGDPDV
QXVLULWR ³ SHONHV WLHV SLUPD DNLYDUD LU WHQ VXWLNR 3LQþXN NXULV SLUPDV VS¡MR DWO¡NWL LU XåJHVLQWL VDYR
GHJDQþLXV JDXUXV
² .R þLD GDEDU U¡NL" ² VXS\NR 3LQþXNDV SDPDW
V DWOHNLDQW³ LU YLV UÌNVWDQW³ âHãHOJ
² *HOE¡N *LUGYDLQLV NDUþHP XåGHJ¡ ² SUDYHEOHQR âHãHOJD ² LU YLVDL PDQH SUDåXG¡
² 7DL LU JHUDL NDG XåGHJ¡ NDUþHP ² DWVDN¡ SLNWDL 3LQþXNDV ² 0DQH LãJHOE¡MR $ã
ãDXNLDX LU F\SLDX 9LVJLUGRV WDERNLQ¡MH XåNLãWDV ³ VVSDU R WX QHVXVLSUDWDL PDQ
V LãJHOE¡WL
² 1HåLQRMDX SULHWHOLDX QHåLQRMDX ² SXRO¡ QXVLPLQ
V âHãHOJD DQW NHOLÐ ² 0DQLDX 5DXSLR
GÌãLD YDLGHQDVL DU VYLUSO\V NXU ³VLPHW
V ]YLPELD
² 1HåLQRMDL WDL NR GDEDU QRUL"
² *HOE¡N SULHWHOLDX ² PDOGDYR âHãHOJD ãOLDXåGDPDV
² .DLS Dã WDYH LãJHOE¡VLX" ² WUDXN¡VL DWEXODV 3LQþXNDV ²/³VN MHL QRUL ³ DNLYDU LU
XåVLUDXN
² 3DVLJDLO¡N ² SULãOLDXå
V âHãHOJD EXþLDYR 3LQþXNR NDQRSDV ² 0DQH WRNLD QHODLP¡ LãWLNR
R WX GDU DNLYDU VLÌODL 1HJDQD NDG *LUGYDLQLV NDUþHP XåGHJ¡ R WX YLVDL PDQH SUDåXG\WL QRUL
² .DV PDQ GDUER" ² DWVDN¡ Lã NDQWU\E¡V LãYHVWDV 3LQþXNDV ² . Dã YHLNVLX VX WRNLX
DSVYLOXVLX EHGDQþLX SDGHJ¡OLX" 2 *LUGYDLQLV DWJDY
V YLV VDYR LãGLGXP HLQD WLHVLDL SHU NDOQXV ³
%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ 0DQ UHLNLD MDP Xå DNLÐ XåE¡JWL 1D WDL O³VN JUHLþLDX ³ DNLYDU NRO Dã WDY
V GDU
WHQDL QH³JUÌGDX
² .DLSJL þLD GDEDU Dã EDMRUDV R O³VLX NDLS NLDXO¡ ³ GXPEO" ² ³VLåHLG¡ âHãHOJD LU EDQG¡
DWVLNHOWL .R MLV þLD WDLS åHPLQVLV SULHã QXVXVXV³ YHOQL NXULV QHQRUL MDP SDG¡WL LU WDLS ELDXULDL W\þLRMDVL
Lã MR %HW QHVS¡MR âHãHOJD DWVLVWRWL NDL QHWHN
V NDQWU\E¡V 3LQþXNDV VDYR SDGDU¡
² %DMRUDV ² QH EDMRUDV ² WDU¡ ² R Dã QHWXULX ODLNR LOJLDX VX WDYLP WHULORWLV ²3DJULHE¡ Xå
VSUDQGR EHVLNHOLDQW³ âHãHOJ LU W¡ãN¡ ³ YLGXU³ OLÌQR NDG WR WLN NRMRV VXY\EXULDYR RUH LU GLQJR DNLYDUR
mauruose.
3DOLN
V âHãHOJ EXUEXOLXRWL OLÌQH 3LQþXNDV QXO¡N¡ VWULPDJDOYLDLV QHVLHNGDPDV NDQRSRPLV
åHP¡V ãOXEþLRGDPDV LU SDVLãRNGDPDV XåE¡JWL *LUGYDLQLXL Xå DNLÐ NDG WDV QHQXHLWÐ ³ %DOWDUDJLR
PDOÌQ %HW QHOHQJYD EXYR SDVLY\WL ,U QH WRG¡O NDG EXYR UDLãDV 9LV ODLN SOLHVN¡ åDLEDL JULDXG¡MR
SHUNÌQLMD R 3LQþXNDV ² QXR WR ODLNR NDL SDãRY¡ M³ %DOWDUDJLV VLUJR EDLP¡V SULHSXROLX ² GDEDU
ELMRMR NDG MR SHUNÌQDV QHQXWUHQNWÐ WDL VODSVW¡VL NDLS NLãNLV Xå NLHNYLHQR DNPHQV DU NHOPR
2 *LUGYDLQLV ¡MR QHDWVLJU³åGDPDV JDLVUR DWãYDLVW¡VH WLHVLDL SHU NDOQXV 8GUXY¡V HåHUR OLQN NXU
DQW SDNULÌW¡V VWRY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV LãN¡O
V VSDUQXV O\J UDQNDV ODXNLDQþLDV SDJDOERV *LUGYDLQLV
¡MR WLHVLDL OLQN MÐ QLHNR QHSDLV\GDPDV WLN QRU¡GDPDV JUHLþLDX MXRV SDVLHNWL .DV EXV SDVNXL WDV EXV
NDG WLN VXVS¡WÐ NRO åDLEDV MÐ QHQXWUHQN¡ 7DGD MLV SDWV LãVLJHOE¡WÐ LU -XUJ LãJHOE¡WÐ .DLS LU NRNLX
EÌGX MLV WR QHåLQRMR LU DSLH WDL QHJDOYRMR WLNWDL YLVD ãLUGLPL YHUå¡VL SULH MÐ WDUVL ãLUG\MH LU EÌWÐ YLVDV
LãVLJHOE¡MLPDV
7DL LU 3LQþXNDV QHJDO¡MR *LUGYDLQLR SDVLY\WL R MXR ODELDX Xå DNLÐ XåE¡JWL -³ DSDNLQGDYR
åDLEDL LU MLV WXU¡MR NOXSWL LU VO¡SWLV Xå NLHNYLHQR DNPHQV DU NHOPR 2 *LUGYDLQLXL åDLEDL DSãYLHW¡ NHOL
LU MLV ¡MR QHQXOHLVGDPDV DNLÐ QXR LãNLOXVLÐ PDOÌQR VSDUQÐ YLUãXP NXULÐ YLVD DXGUD WHON¡VL NU\åLDYRVL
åDLEDL LU JULDXG¡MR SHUNÌQLMD 7LH åDLEDL GUDVN¡VL *LUGYDLQLR ãLUG\MH LU SHUNÌQLMRV JULDXG¡MR YLUãXP MR
galvos.
%HW WR MLV QHSDLV¡ QHJLUG¡MR LU QHPDW¡ -LV SDWV ¡MR NDLS DXGUD ² JDLYDOLãND DNOD
QHVXODLNRPD 7DL NXU M³ 3LQþXNXL SDY\WL" %ÌWÐ LU QHSDVLYLM
V MHL *LUGYDLQLR ãLUG\MH QHEÌWÐ NLOXVL
DEHMRQ¡ 7DL NDV MHL LU QXHLV MLV SHU EDLVLDXVL DXGU SDV VDYR QXRWDN EHW N GDU\V EH VDYR
REXROPXãLÐ NXR M VXåDY¡V LU NDLS LãQHã ³ QDXM J\YHQLP" 3DVLLOJXVLD ãLUGLPL DQW VDYR UDQNÐ" %HW WRV
UDQNRV NLOXV DEHMRQHL QXVYLUR LU *LUGYDLQLV VXVWRMR YLUãXP NDOQR VX EDLVLX LOJHVLX åLÌU¡GDPDV ³
%DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR VSDUQXV DSãYLHVWXV åDLEÐ LU SHUNÌQLMRV $U WHQ MR ODXNLD" $U WHQ MR LOJLVL" 2 MHLJX
QHODXNLD QHVLLOJL WDL N MLV SDGDU\V YLHQD VDYR SDVLLOJXVLD ãLUGLPL"
7XR DNLPLUNVQLX SDVLQDXGRMR 3LQþXNDV -LV XåXRODQNRPLV SDNDOQ¡PLV XåE¡JR *LUGYDLQLXL Xå
DNLÐ QXVLSO¡ã¡ NDUQ VXPH]J¡ NLOS XåPHW¡ DQW ãDNRV LU SDWV DQW MRV SULJOXG
V VXSRVL W\NRGDPDV
DWHLQDQþLR *LUGYDLQLR 2 VXDEHMRM
V *LUGYDLQLV OHLGRVL ³ SDNDOQ
LU SDPHW¡ PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Lã DNLÐ 7D
SURJD SDVLQDXGRMR NODVWLQJDV 3LQþXNDV LU XåPHW¡ NLOS *LUGYDLQLXL DQW NDNOR *LUGYDLQLV QHVS¡MR
VXSUDVWL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR WLNWDL REXROPXãLDL QXVLåYHQJ¡ SUR SHUNÌQLMDV LU PDOÌQR VSDUQDL ãY\VWHO¡MR
NDLS VXVLNU\åLDY
åDLEDL
3HUNÌQDV WUHQN¡ ³ SXã³ EHW QHSDWDLN¡ 3LQþXNXL WLN SXã³ SDUJULRY¡ NXUL JULÌGDPD SULWUHQN¡
*LUGYDLQ³ VX NDUQRV NLOSD DQW NDNOR 2 3LQþXNDV WLNWDL QXVLNYDWRMR QXJDO¡M
V VDYR SULHãLQLQN LU
QXO¡N¡ ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ SDOLNGDPDV *LUGYDLQ³ SR QXJULXYXVLD SXãLPL VX NLOSD DQW NDNOR
$N WX *LUGYDLQL NR WX NODMRMDL VXUDG
V VDYR QXRWDN HLGDPDV SHU DXGU VXDEHMRMDL WDL YLVN
SUDUDGDL LU SDWV åXYDL

XLV

7 QDNW³ SDEXGR -XUJD Lã NODLNDXV VDSQR LU YLVD GUHE¡GDPD SDãRNR Lã ORYRV 3UR VHNO\þLRV
ODQJXV ãYLHW¡ NDåNRNLD SDãYDLVW¡ R Xå ODQJÐ VNDUGHQR NDåNRNV QHSDSUDVWDV åYHQJLPDV NDG QHW YLVD
VHNO\þLD GUHE¡MR
-XUJD YLV GDU VLUJR LU NOLHG¡MR QXR WR YDNDUR NDL LãJVGLQR M QHSDSUDVWDV SHO¡GRV ÌNLPDV LU
W¡YDV NDåN SDãRY¡ 'DU SHUHLW U\W ML EXYR NOLHG¡GDPD SDNLOXVL DSVLUHQJXVL LU EXYR EHVLUXRãLDQWL
NDåNXU LãHLWL WLNWDL W¡YDV QHLãOHLVGDPDV VHUJDQþLRV GXNWHUV Lã DNLÐ VS¡MR VXODLN\WL WDUSGXU\MH
² .XU HLQL GXNUHOH" ² QXVWHE
V SDNODXV¡
² *LUGYDLQLR LHãNRWL ² DWVDN¡ EH VPRQ¡V -XUJD
² .XU WX MR LHãNRVL GXNUHOH SDWL VLUJGDPD" ² Lã NDUWR QHVXSUDWR W¡YDV NDG GXNW¡ NOLHGL ²
3DODXN SDVYHLNVL R JDO LU MLV VXUDG
V VDYR REXROPXãLXV DWYDåLXRV SDV WDYH
² 1H ² DWVDN¡ -XUJD ² %H PDQ
V MLV QLHNDGD QHVXUDV VDYR REXROPXãLÐ LU SDV PDQH
QHDWYDåLXRV 7XULX Dã M³ VXUDVWL LU YLVD SDGDU\WL NDLS $QXSUDV VDN¡ QHV NLWDLS MLV EH PDQ
V SUDåXV LU
man nebus gyvenimo.
-L YHUå¡VL LãHLWL SUR GXULV 7¡YDV YRV SDM¡J¡ M VXODLN\WL LU SDJXOG\WL DWJDO ³ ORY 6XS\NR QHW
DQW $QXSUR NR MLV þLD EXYR DW¡M
V LU VXN¡O
V YLVXV WXRV DWVLPLQLPXV NXULXRV -XUJD DWURG¡ MDX EDLJLD
XåPLUãWL ,U NDP MLV GDU JXQG¡ HLWL LHãNRWL SDPLãXVLR MDXQLNLR" *HULDX MLV QLHNDGD QHEÌWÐ DWYDåLDY
V
QHJX WRNL E¡G SUDPDQ
V
3ULHYDUWD VXJUåLQWD LU SDJXOG\WD DWJDO ³ ORY -XUJD QXULPR WDUVL XåPLUãR VDYR NHWLQLP HLWL
*LUGYDLQLR LHãNRWL LU UDPLDL XåPLJR
3UDPLHJRMR OLJL SDYDNDU¡V R SDVNXL SDEXGXVL DSVLGDLU¡ DSOLQNXL O\J QHVXSUDVGDPD NDV þLD
atsitiko, kad taip ilgai mieganti, tuojau pašoko iš lovos tarsi nesirgusi, buvo nepaprastai gera ir
OLQNVPD VX W¡YX
² $N W¡YHOL ² VNXQG¡VL O\J VXVLJ¡GXVL ² .RNLD Dã PLHJDO¡ SDVLGDULDX ,U NDLS DSOHLGDX
YLVN 1HS\N W¡YHOL $ã WXRMDX DSVLUXRãLX
7¡YDV QXVWHE
V åLÌU¡MR ³ GXNU LU QHåLQRMR SDWV N JDOYRWL 1HJL Lã WLNUÐMÐ EÌWÐ SDVYHLNXVL
.RNLD WDW ODLP¡ EÌWÐ ,U W¡YR VXQ\NXVLRVH DN\VH ãY\VWHO¡MR YLHQDV NLWDV GåLDXJVPR VSLQGXO¡OLV
2 -XUJD O\J YLVDL QHVLUJXVL LU YLVN XåPLUãXVL VXNRVL OLQNVPD SR WURE WYDUN¡VL UXRã¡VL O\J
SULHã GLGHO
ãYHQW
 1HL åRGåLX QHXåVLPLQ¡ DSLH *LUGYDLQ³ WDUVL EÌWÐ QHL MR SDåLQXVL QHL DSLH M³
JLUG¡MXVL QHL ãLUG\MH NDGD QRUV WXU¡MXVL
$SVLWYDUNLXVL -XUJD SDUXRã¡ LãNLOPLQJ YDNDULHQ
 O\J VYHþLÐ ODXNGDPD XåWLHV¡ VWDO EDOWD
VWDOWLHVH LU åLÌU¡GDPD³ W¡Y WDUVL SULVLPHLOLQGDPD WDUVL DWVLSUDã\GDPD SDVDN¡
² (LNã W¡YHOL SDYDNDULHQLDXVLPH 7X WRNV VXYDUJ
V VXQ\N
V JDLOD ³ WDYH åLÌU¡WL $N WDL YLV
Dã NDOWD %HW GDEDU SDVLWDLV\VLX W¡YHOL LU SDPDW\VL NRNLD JHUD EÌVLX
7¡YDV WLN åLÌU¡MR ³ GXNWHU³ LU ã\SVRMRVL 7DLS JHUD MDP EXYR NDG SDJDOLDX GXNUD SDVYHLNR
$WVLV¡G
V Xå VWDOR YDOJ¡ Xå GX O\J Lã EDGÐ SDU¡M
V QHV Lã WLNUÐMÐ VHQLDL MDX EXYR WDLS YDNDULHQLDY
V 2
-XUJD DWVLV¡GXVL ãDOLD W¡YR QH WLHN SDWL YDOJ¡ NLHN M³ YDOJ\GLQR LU åLÌU¡MR ³ M³ SLOQRPLV PHLO¡V LU
JDLOHVþLR DNLPLV
² .DLS PDQ JHUD VX WDYLP W¡YHOL ² JODXVGDPDVL NDOE¡MR ²9LV DPåLÐ WDLS J\YHQþLDX LU
QLHNDGD QHVLVNLUþLDX 1LHNR PDQ GDXJLDX QHUHLNLD WLNWDL PDW\WL WDYR åLO JDOY LU WDYR SUDãYLWXVLDV
akis.
² $N WX PDQR YDUJXRO¡OH JUDåXRO¡OH ² QH PDåLDX GåLDXJ¡VL W¡YDV WDUVL EÌWÐ SUDVLG¡M
V
QDXMDV ãYLHVXV LU ODLPLQJDV J\YHQLPDV ² .DLS Dã QRU¡þLDX NDG WX YLVDGD WRNLD ODLPLQJD LU OLQNVPD
EÌWXP
² ,U EÌVLX ² VSLQG¡MR -XUJD
3ULH VWDOR DEXGX XåWUXNR OLJL Y¡O\YÐ LãYDNDULÐ QHJDO¡GDPL DWVLVNLUWL LU DWVLGåLDXJWL VDYR QDXMDL
atsiradusia laime.
$N WD ODLP¡ NRNLD ML SDSUDVWD NDL Lã ãLUGLHV WU\NãWD
-XUJD HLGDPD JXOWL ³ VHNO\þL LãEXþLDYR Lã GåLDXJVPR DSVYDLJXV³ W¡Y %DOWDUDJLV QHW
QHDWVLPHQD NDGD MLV WRNV ODLPLQJDV EXYR NDLS W YDNDU
² /DEDQDNW W¡YHOL ² ã\SVRMRVL DQW VOHQNVþLR ODLPLQJD -XUJD ² /DEDQDNW WX PDQR
ãYLHVXVLV P¡QXOL VX LãVLVNODLGåLXVLDLV UÌSHVþLÐ GHEHV¡OLDLV
1HJDO¡GDPD DWVLVNLUWL SULE¡JR GDU NDUW SULH W¡YR SULVLJODXVWL LU SDEXþLXRWL
² 1D GXNUHOH DU QH SHU GDXJ ãLDQGLHQ ODLP¡V" ² JORVW¡ W¡YDV UDPLQGDPDV JHOVYDV GXNWHUV
NDVDV ²(LN LãVLPLHJRN JHUDL LU DWVLNHON U\WRM NDLS ãYLHVL VDXOHO¡
3DO\G¡MR GXNU ³ VHNO\þL SDJXOG¡ XåNORVW¡ LU VXJU³åR DWJDO ³ WURE $WVLJXO¡ DQW VXROR EHW Lã
WRV QHSDSUDVWRV ODLP¡V VX SUDVNDLGU¡MXVLD ãLUGLPL LU JDOYD QHJDO¡MR XåPLJWL WDL QX¡MR GDU NDUW ³
VHNO\þL SDåLÌU¡WL GXNWHUV
1X¡M
V DWUDGR -XUJ UDPLDL PLHJDQþL WDUVL SR GLGHOLÐ YDUJÐ LU VXQNLÐ GDUEÐ LOVLQþL LU SUR
VDSQ ã\SVDQþL 3DåLÌU¡MR ³ PLHJDQþL GXNU SDJORVW¡ MRV JDOY QXVLUDPLQR LU VXJU³åR DWJDO ³ WURE
YLVDV VSLQG¡GDPDV $WVLJXO¡ LU WXRMDX XåPLJR NLHWX ODLPLQJX PLHJX NDLS VHQLDL QHEXYR PLHJRM
V
%HW ã³ NDUW ² LU SDVNXWLQ³ ² DSJDYR %DOWDUDJ³ ãYLHVL ODLP¡V ã\SVHQD
-XUJD YRV VS¡MXVL QXPLJWL SLUP PLHJ SDEXGR Lã NODLNDXV VDSQR LU EDLVLDL LãVLJDQGXVL YLVD
GUHE¡GDPD SDãRNR Lã ORYRV
3ULVLVDSQDYR MDL *LUGYDLQLV WDUVL MLV EÌWÐ YDåLDY
V SDV M VX VDYR REXROPXãLDLV EHW SUDVLY¡UXVL
EHGXJQ¡ LU MLV VX åLUJDLV QXJDUP¡M
V NLDXUDL åHP

3ULN¡O¡ M SDVNXWLQLV REXROPXãLÐ åYHQJLPDV 7RNV VNDUGXV NDG QHW VHNO\þLRV ODQJDL
VXGUHE¡MR %HQW WDLS SDVLURG¡ -XUJDL Lã PLHJR LU LãJVþLR
9LVD GUHE¡GDPD SULE¡JR -XUJD SULH ODQJR SDåLÌU¡WL NDV þLD DWVLWLNR 7ROXPRMH ãYLHW¡ JDLVUDV
R DSOLQNXL ÌåDYR SDYDVDULR Y¡MDL NHOGDPL DXGU ,U SDVLYDLGHQR -XUJDL NDG Xå ODQJR VWRYL EDLVLDL
QXOLÌG
V *LUGYDLQLV 2 MR åYLOJVQLV NDL VXVLWLNR DNLV ³ DN³ WRNV QXVLPLQ
V NDG QHW ãLUG³ SHUY¡U¡ -LV
pamojo lyg su ranka, kviesdamas išeiti.
 6XãXNR WDGD QHVDYX EDOVX -XUJD LU LãE¡JR YLHQPDUãNLQ¡ ³ NLHP %HW Xå ODQJR *LUGYDLQLR MDX
QHEXYR -R ãHã¡OLV Y¡MR EODãNRPDV WROR 8GUXY¡V HåHUR OLQN
9¡MDV SDJDYR -XUJ LU QXQHã¡ SDVNXL
² 3DODXN ² ãDXN¡ ML ãHã¡OLXL ² 1HSUDåÌN DQWU NDUW 'DEDU QLHNXU LU QLHNDGD QXR WDY
V
nesiskirsiu.
2 Y¡MDV MDX QHã¡ M 8GUXY¡V HåHUR SDþLD SDNULÌWH
3UR ãDO³ SUDO¡NGDPD VXNOLNR åXY¡GUD O\J LãJVGLQWD LU GLQJR WDPVRMH
$SDþLRMH ãQLRNãW¡ HåHUDV YHUåGDPDVLV Lã VDYR NUDQWÐ 2 Y¡MDV YLV GLG¡MR -LV QHãWH QHã¡ -XUJ
YLV WROLDX LU WROLDX ,ã VLDXþLDQþLR HåHUR JHOPLÐ SDNLOR *LUGYDLQLV VX EDOWDNDUþLDLV REXROPXãLDLV LU O¡N¡
jos pasitikti.
%HW þLD Lã SDNDOQ¡V DWE¡JR XåGXV
V LU SHUVLJDQG
V -XUJXWLV R QXR PDOÌQR VSDUQR O\J
ãLNãQRVSDUQLV SDNLOR 3LQþXNDV LU ãRNR Xå DNLÐ 1XVLJDQGXVL -XUJD PHW¡VL ³ ãDO³ LU SXRO¡ QXR SDNULÌW¡V
WLHVLDL ³ HåHU
9¡MDV LãVNODLG¡ -XUJRV SDODLGDV NDVDV ML LãWLHV¡ UDQNDV LU NULWR WDUVL P\OLPRMR JO¡ELQ ³
ãQLRNãþLDQþLXV DXGURMH 8GUXY¡V HåHUR YDQGHQLV
$WVLULWXVL EDQJD SDJDYR M LU QXQHã¡ ³ HåHUR YLGXU³
2 -XUJD YDL]GDYRVL WDUVL YDåLXRWÐ ³ VDYR YHVWXYHV ,U DWURG¡ MDL O\J QH ãDOWRV EDQJRV M
JODPRQ¡MD EHW P\OLPRMR UDQNRV ,U WRNLD QHSDSUDVWD LU GLGHO¡ ODLP¡ URGRV DSJORE¡ M NDG ãLUGLV
QHLãWXU¡MR LU VXVWLQJR Lã GåLDXJVPR
7DGD GDQJXV SUDVLY¡U¡ LU åYDLJåG¡V PLUJ¡GDPRV VNDPE¡MR NDLS YDUSDL
$N WDL SDYDVDULR DXGUD SDVLN¡OXVL DQW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR VLDXVGDPL QXVLQHã¡ VDYR JO¡E\MH
JUDåLDXVL 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR PHUJLQ ² %DOWDUDJLR GXNWHU³ LU *LUGYDLQLR QXRWDN
2 DXGUD WDUVL GåLÌJDXGDPD YLV ODELDX ã¡OR

XLVI

3ULHã SDW DXãU LãJLUGR %DOWDUDJLV VNDUGÐ HUåLOÐ åYHQJLP LU SDEXGR 3DJDOYRMR QHJL
*LUGYDLQLV EÌWÐ VXUDG
V VDYR REXROPXãLXV LU DWYDåLDY
V 1HåLQRMR %DOWDUDJLV QLHNXU QHLãHLGDPDV Lã
PDOÌQR LU WLN VDYR VLHOYDUWX J\YHQGDPDV NDG *LUGYDLQLR REXROPXãLDL MDX EXYR åXY
WLHV *DLGåJDO¡V
NDUþHPD
$U QHVDSQXRMX" ² MLV GDU SDDEHMRMR EHW þLD SDW Y¡O LãJLUGR NDLS WULQNWHO¡MR SULHPHQ¡V
GXU\V LU VXSUDWR NDG -XUJD LãE¡JXVL SDVLWLNWL VDYR MDXQLNLR 7DGD MLV QXGåLXJ
V DWVLN¡O¡ LU XåVLPHW
V
NDLOLQLXV DQW SHþLÐ LãE¡JR ³ NLHP
9RV Lã¡M
V SUR GXULV SDPDW¡ ² O\J -XUJRV ãHã¡OLV ãP¡NãWHO¡MR DQW HåHUR SDNULÌW¡V LU GLQJR R
SDVNXL SDVLJLUGR GDU VNDUGHVQLV HUåLOÐ åYHQJLPDV QXVWHOEGDPDV ãQLRNãþLDQþL DXGU
² -XUJHOH PDQR NXU WX" ² QXVLJDQG
V ãXNWHO¡MR %DOWDUDJLV LU QXE¡JR SULH HåHUR SDNULÌW¡V
NXU SDPDW¡ O\J -XUJRV ãHã¡O³
%HW WHQDL QLHNR QHEXYR 3UR ãDO³ ãP¡NãWHO¡MR WDUVL QXVLJDQG
V -XUJXWLV EHW LU ãLV GLQJR SR
PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV
2 åHPDL SDNDOQ¡MH ãQLRNãW¡ VXNLO
V HåHUDV LU NUDXSLRMH P¡QHVLHQRMH VNDUGHQR QHMDXNXV HUåLOÐ
åYHQJLPDV 9LVDL WRNV SDW NDLS WDGD NDL *LUGYDLQLV EXYR DWYDåLDY
V SLUãO\EÐ
² .DV þLD GDEDU JDO¡WÐ EÌWL" ² VWHE¡MRVL %DOWDUDJLV LU GDLU¡VL DSOLQNXL
%HW QLHNR QHEXYR PDW\WL 1HL -XUJRV QHL *LUGYDLQLR QHL MR REXROPXãLÐ åLUJÐ 1HJL EÌWÐ
VS¡M
LãYDåLXRWL MDP QHL åRGåLR QHSDVDN
" %HW Lã NXU WDGD WDV åYHQJLPDV"
1LHNR QHVXSUDVGDPDV %DOWDUDJLV åYDOJ¡VL DSOLQNXL VWLQJVWDQþLD ãLUGLPL $QWURMH HåHUR SXV¡MH
ãYLHW¡ JDLVUR SDãYDLVW¡ 7DL GHJ¡ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPD %HW JDLVUDV LOJLDX QHSDWUDXN¡ %DOWDUDJLR
G¡PHVLR -LV YLVDV VXVLNDXS
V NODXV¡VL QHVXSUDQWDPR åYHQJLPR QXMDXVGDPDV QHODLP

6X GUHEDQþLD ãLUGLPL SXRO¡ DWJDO ³ WURE ³E¡JR ³ VHNO\þL ² WDLS LU \UD NDLS QXMDXW¡ Q¡UD
-XUJRV R SDWDODV GDU ãLOWDV 0DW\W QH WLN MDP SDVLURG¡ EHW ML WLNUDL LãE¡JR NDL WULQNWHO¡MR SULHPHQ¡V
durys.
$N WD YDNDU\NãW¡ ODLP¡ .RNLD ML EXYR DSJDXOLQJD
.DLS SDPLã
V LãE¡JR %DOWDUDJLV DWJDO ³ NLHP GDLURVL DSOLQNXL LU QLHNR QHVXSUDQWD 7LNWDL
åYLOJWHO¡M
V ³ W SXV
 NXU SUR DXGURV GHEHVLV O¡N¡ SDåHPH O\J YHMDPD P¡QXOLR GHOþLD YLVN VXSUDWR LU
DSPLU¡ YLHWRMH
$QW P¡QXOLR UDJR V¡G¡MR YHOQLDV ² %DOWDUDJLV JHUDL M³ SDåLQR WDL EXYR MR EHUQDV 3LQþXNDV ²
Lã QHSDSUDVWR GåLDXJVPR NDEDOGDYR DUNOLR NDQRSRPLV LU åYHQJ¡ YLVD JHUNOH QHW VXVLULHVGDPDV
7DL QHODEDVLV GåLDXJLDVL VDYR GDUEDLV ² SDJDOYRMR %DOWDUDJLV LU YLVDL QXVLPLQ¡ VXSUDW
V
NDG LãWLNXVL EDLVL QHODLP¡
 2 3LQþXNDV LUJL SDPDW¡ %DOWDUDJ³ VWRYLQW³ YLHQSODXN³ NLHPR YLGXU\ 1XãRNR QXR P¡QXOLR
UDJR WLHVLDL DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQR LU WDLS VXåYHQJ¡ NDG QHW PDOÌQDV YLVDV VXGUHE¡MR R %DOWDUDJLV LãEDOR
NDLS GURE¡
² &KDFKD LFKDFKD ² åYHQJ¡ 3LQþXNDV YLVD JHUNOH WLHVLDL %DOWDUDJLXL ³ DNLV²1RU¡MDL
PDQH DSJDXWL QHWHNDL QH WLN åHQWR EHW LU GXNWHUV
,ã WR YHOQLãNR VPDJXPR 3LQþXNDV SULVLPLQ
V VHQXV ODLNXV SUDG¡MR VXNWL PDOÌQR VSDUQXV
7XãþLDV PDOÌQDV Ìå¡ YLVDLV JDUVDLV VXVLPDLã\GDPDV VX YHOQLR åYHQJLPX LU DXGURV VWDXJLPX
%DOWDUDJLV VWRY¡MR YLHWRMH QHVXMXG¡GDPDV LU WDLS QXVLPLQ
V WDUVL åHP¡Q ³VPXN
V 'DEDU MLV
YLVN VXSUDWR
² -XUJHOH PDQR GXNUHOH PDQR ² NDUWRMR VWLQJVWDQþLRV %DOWDUDJLR OÌSRV ² WDL Dã WDYH
SUDåXGåLDX
2 3LQþXNDV VXNGDPDV PDOÌQR VSDUQXV WDLS ³VLVPDJLQR NDG YLVDL QHVLYDUå\GDPDV W\þLRMRVL
Lã VDYR EXYXVLR ãHLPLQLQNR 5RG¡ MDP OLHåXY³ NDLãLRMR ãS\JDV EDNV¡MR UDJDLV LU YLVDLS NLWDLS ãDLS¡VL
NDLS ³PDQ\GDPDV
0DOÌQDV Ìå¡ QHW NDXNGDPDV QXVWHOEGDPDV 3LQþXNR SDVWDQJDV R SR VSDUQDLV ãRNLQ¡MR O\J
-XUJXþLR ãHã¡OLV VWHQJGDPDVLV QXþLXSWL QHQDXG¡O³ Xå UDJÐ %HW 3LQþXNDV MR NDLS VDYR ãHã¡OLR YLVDL
QHSDVWHE¡MR
%DOWDUDJLV SULWUHQNWDV QHSDNHOLDPRV QHODLP¡V QHSDLV¡ NDV GDURVL SULH PDOÌQR LU QLHNR
QHSDVWHE¡MR -LV Lã WR VNDXVPR YLVDV VXVWLQJR LU WDUVL VXDNPHQ¡MR
7DGD QXR ³VLVLDXWXVLR HåHUR SDNLOR GLGåLXO¡ DXGUD VXÌå¡ VXãQLRNãW¡ HåHUDV JULDXGDPDV VDYR
NUDQWXV GDQJXV NU\åLXPL VXåDLEDYR LU WUHQN¡ SHUNÌQLMD WLHVLDL ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ
7DL VHQHOLV 3HUNÌQDV LãYDåLDY
V W SDYDVDU³ VX VDYR UDWDLV SDVLYDåLQ¡WL SR SODþL SDGDQJ

SLUP NDUW QHSDWDLN¡ 3LQþXNXL SR SXãLPL NDL MLV XåPHW¡ QHODLPLQJDP MDXQLNLXL NLOS R GDEDL Y¡O
SDPDW¡ NDLS WDV QHOHPWDV YHOQLDV QHODLP¡VH SDVNDQGLQ
V W¡Y GDU W\þLRMDVL Lã MR VLHOYDUWR EDLVLDL
XåVLUÌVWLQR LU QXWUHQN¡ M³ VDYR XJQLQH VWU¡OH ³ SDW SUDJDUR JHOPHV
2 ³VLVPDJLQ
V 3LQþXNDV GåLDXJGDPDVLV VDYR SHUJDOH LU W\þLRGDPDVLV Lã %DOWDUDJLR YLVDL
QHSDVWHE¡MR NDLS DWVLUDGR SDGDQJ¡MH MR QHQXPDOGRPDV SULHãDV 3UR JULDXVWLQ³ MDP SDVLURG¡ WDUVL
*LUGYDLQLV Lã HåHUR EÌWÐ SDNLO
V VX VDYR EDOWDNDUþLDLV REXROPXãLDLV LU WLHVLDL O¡NWÐ SULHã NDOQ
3LQþXNDV NUÌSWHO¡MR LU VXVWLQJR
7DGD M³ QXþLXSR Xå UDJR -XUJXWLV
%HW QHVS¡MR 3LQþXNDV LãWUÌNWL NDL WLHVLDL MDP ³ WDUSXNDNW
WUHQN¡ åDLEDV 9LVNDV VWDLJD
VXVLPDLã¡ WLNWDL DN\VH VXåDLEDYR NDL MLV NULWR QXR PDOÌQR VSDUQR LU SUDVPHJR NLDXUDL åHP
 QHVS¡M
V
Q¡ åLRSWHOWL 7DLS LU XåVSULQJR DQW DPåLÐ DPåLQÐMÐ VX VDYR QHOHPWX åYHQJLPX

XLVII

%DLVL DXGUD SUDÌå¡ W SDYDVDULR QDNW³ SUR 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãW %HW QLHNDV LU QHSDJDOYRMR NDG
WLHN GDXJ QHODLPLÐ EÌWÐ SULGDULXVL
'DXJ NDV Lã YDNDUR PDW¡ GHJDQW *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHP EHW DWURG¡ NDG SHUNÌQDV WUHQN¡ ³
DUNOLDYDJLÐ OL]G WDL QLHNDV Q¡MR JHVLQWL .DUþHPD SO\QDL VXGHJ¡ R NXU GLQJR NDUþHPQLQNDV QLHNDV
QHåLQRMR LU QHSDVLJHGR
² 3DJDOLDX SUDVPHJR SUDNHLNWDV DUNOLDYDJLÐ OL]GDV ² DSVLGåLDXJ¡ åPRQ¡V Lã U\WR DWUDG

VXJUX]G¡MXVLXV NDUþHPRV SDPDWXV R NDUþHPQLQNR ² Q¡ NYDSR

1LHNDP QHDW¡MR ³ JDOY NDG NDUþHP EÌWÐ XåGHJ
V *LUGYDLQLV NHUã\GDPDV Xå VDYR
REXROPXãLXV -³ SDW³ DWUDGR WDUSXNDOQ¡MH ³ %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ SR QXJULXYXVLD SXãLPL VX NDUQD DQW
NDNOR $U MLV SDWV SDVLNRU¡ DU ãLPWDPHW¡ SXãLV QHLãODLN¡ MDXQLNLR VLHOYDUWR LU QXJULXYR EXYR QHDLãNX
7HQ M³ LU SDODLGRMR Lã SXãLHV SDGDU¡ NU\åLÐ NDG QHVLYDLGHQWÐ R W NDOQ SDVNXL SUDPLQ¡ *LUGYDLQLR
vardu.
'DXJLDX åPRQ¡V SDVLJHGR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQR NXULV SHU åLHP VWRY¡MR NDLS ãP¡NOD VXJODXG
V
VSDUQXV DQW 8GUXY¡V HåHUR VWDWDXV NUDQWR
² 1HJL EÌWÐ QXVNULG
V" ² NDL NDV EDQG¡ SDMXRNDXWL EHW MXRNDV VWLQJR OÌSRVH
1XMDXW¡ åPRQ¡V NDG þLD NDåNDV QHJHUR WXU¡MR DWVLWLNWL 1X¡M
³ YLHW UDGR PDOÌQ SHUNÌQR
QXWUHQNW LU QXJULXYXV³ R SDW³ PDOÌQLQLQN %DOWDUDJ³ ² OLJL NHOLÐ ³
åHP
³VPXNXV³ YLV WDUVL
VXDQJO¡MXV³ WDUVL VXDNPHQ¡MXV³ YLVDL QHSDQDãÐ
³ åPRJÐ R JUHLþLDX ³ DNPHQ³
² 6DNLDX NDG ³VLWDLV\WÐ SHUNÌQVDUJ³ ² WDU¡ QXVLPLQ
V -XRGYDONLV ² $QW WRNLRV SDNULÌW¡V
VWRY¡MR PDOÌQDV WDL LU QXWUHQN¡
3R PDOÌQR JULXY¡VLDLV NDLS WLN WRMH YLHWRMH NXU EXYR QXNULW
VSDUQDL DWUDGR GDU YLHQ
VXDQJO¡MXV³ ODYRQ NXULR QHJDOLPD EXYR DWSDåLQWL äPRQ¡V VS¡OLRMR DU WLN þLD QHEXV åDLER QXWUHQNWDV
LU VXDQJO¡M
V 3LQþXNDV .DL NDV QHW DSGHJXVLÐ UDJLXNÐ å\PHV NDNWRMH SDVWHE¡MR
%HW WDL EXYR QHWLHVD -XRGYDONLV DWSDåLQR VDYR SDUDQNLQ³ -XUJXW³ NXULV LãYDNDU¡VH EXYR
VXJU³å
V Lã VDYR NODMRQLÐ YLVDL SDNODLN
V LOJDL ãQ\SãW¡ LU P\N¡ SULVLSDåLQR NDG GYL SRUDV SDVDJÐ
SDYRJ
V LU SUDJ¡U
V *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPRMH R SDVNXL WRNLÐ NHLVWÐ GDO\NÐ SDSDVDNRMR NXULDLV NDOYLV
QHSDWLN¡MR LU SUL¡P¡ Xå SULHNYDLOLR LU GDU SDNYDLãXVLR NOLHG¡MLP
7DL SDYDOJ\GLQ
V LU XåUDNLQ
V M³ NDOY¡MH NDG LãVLPLHJRWÐ LU Y¡O NXU QRUV QHSDVSUXNWÐ
NHWLQGDPDV Lã U\WR JHUDL LãNYRVWL LU LãVLDLãNLQWL N MLV þLD NOLHGL LU NXU WLHV SDVDNRMD %HW DW¡M
V U\W
DWUDGR NDOY¡V GXULV XåUDNLQWDV NDLS Lã YDNDUR EXYR SDOLN
V R -XUJXþLR JXRO\MH Xå åDL]GUR Q¡ NYDSR
.XU MLV Y¡O GLQJR NDOYLV VXSUDVWL QHJDO¡MR
² $U JDODV M³ þLD DWQHã¡" ² WDU¡ NDOYLV DWUDG
V M³ VXGHJXV³ SR PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV ² ,ã YDNDUR
EXYDX XåUDNLQ
V NDOY¡MH R MLV þLD PDWDL DWVLGÌU¡ .DLS MLV LãWUÌNR"
7R LU NDOYLV QHåLQRMR -XUJXWLV XåGDU\WDV NDOY¡MH DSULPR LU NLHWDL QXPLJR VHQDPH JXRO\MH R
SDEXGR WLNWDL GHJDQW *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPDL *DLVUR DWRãYDLVW¡V SOLHVN¡ SUR NDOY¡V SO\ãLXV R -XUJXþLXL
SDVLURG¡ O\J NDOYLR QDPDV EÌWÐ XåVLGHJ
V 3XRO¡ SUR GXULV EHW GXU\V Lã ODXNR EXYR XåUDNLQWRV 2
DXGUD VX SHUNÌQLMD ãQLRNãW¡ YLUãXP NDOY¡V NDG -XUJXþLXL EDLVLDL QHUDPX SDVLGDU¡
7DGD MLV XåOLSR DQW åDL]GUR LU SUR DXNãWLQ³ LãOLQGR DQW NDOY¡V VWRJR /LHWXV S\O¡ NDLS Lã NLELUR
LU åDLEDL GUDVN¡VL SR YLV SDGDQJ
 3UR MÐ DNLQDQþLDV ãYLHVDV EXYR PDW\WL DQW NDOQR %DOWDUDJLR
PDOÌQDV LãN¡O
V VSDUQXV O\J UDQNDV ãDXNLDQþLDV SDJDOERV R NU\åNHO¡MH GHJ¡ *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPD
-XUJXWLV SULVLPLQ¡ SUDJHUWDV QHOHPWVLDV SDVDJDV G¡O NXULÐ WLHN GDXJ E¡GRV WXU¡MR EHW þLD SDW
VXVSDXG¡ ãLUG³ NDåNRNV JUDXGXO\V SDåLÌU¡MXV ³ åDLEÐ DSãYLHVW %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQ 3DWV QHåLQRGDPDV
NRG¡O WLNWDL QHåPRQLãNRV M¡JRV YDURPDV SDVLOHLGR E¡JWL SUR OLHWÐ LU åDLEXV ³ PDOÌQR NDOQ %DLVLDL
VNXE¡MR LU YLVDV YLUS¡MR Lã EDLP¡V NDG WLN ODLNX VXVS¡WÐ LU NDV QRUV QHDWVLWLNWÐ -LV QRU¡MR GDU NDUW
SDPDW\WL -XUJ R SDVNXL QRUV LU åÌWL VX YLVX PDOÌQX
7RNLD MDX EXYR JUDXGL -XUJXþLR ODLP¡ NDG LãVLSLOG¡ MR SDVNXWLQLV QRUDV -LV NDLS WLN WDGD
DWE¡JR ³ PDOÌQR NDOQ NDL Lã WURERV LãO¡N¡ YLHQPDUãNLQ¡ -XUJD *ULDXG¡ SHUNÌQLMD LU åYHQJ¡ DXGURV
REXROPXãLDL -XUJD E¡JR LãWLHVXVL UDQNDV O\J NDåN SDVLWLNGDPD R MLV QRU¡MR XåE¡JWL MDL Xå DNLÐ LU
VXJDXWL ³ VDYR JO¡E³ NDG ML QHQXNULVWÐ
³ SDNULÌW
 %HW þLD QXR PDOÌQR ãRNR LãVN¡W
V QDJXV 3LQþXNDV
1XVLJDQGXVL -XUJD PHW¡VL ³ ãDO³ LU GLQJR NDLS åXY¡GUD ãQLRNãþLDQþLDPH HåHUH
3LQþXNDV XåãRNR DQW PDOÌQR VSDUQR SUDG¡MR NYDWRWL LU åYHQJWL NDLS SDPLã
V LU VXNWL PDOÌQR
VSDUQXV 2 -XUJXW³ SDJDYR WRNV ³QLUWLPDV NDG MLV SDOLQGR SR EHVLVXNDQþLDLV PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV SDVLU\å
V
QXþLXSWL 3LQþXN NDLS VDYR QHODLP¡V ãHã¡O³ QXVLWHPSWL M³ ³ NDOY
 SDVLG¡WL DQW SULHNDOR LU WRO SODNWL VX
GLGåLXRMX NÌMX NRO Lã MR GHUYD SDVLOLHV .DLS W -XUJXWLV SDGDU\V QHåLQRMR LU QHJDOYRMR WLNWDL YLVD
ãLUGLHV QHDS\NDQWD MDXW¡ NDG LU WRNV DWSLOGDV EÌWÐ SHU PDåDV WRNLDP QHQDXG¡OLXL NXULV SUDåXG¡ -XUJ
JUDåLDXVL 3DXGUXY¡V PHUJLQ LU VNDLVþLDXVL MR VYDMRQ

7XR ODLNX LãE¡JR ³ NLHP QXVLJDQG
V %DOWDUDJLV R SUDNHLNWDV 3LQþXNDV GDU SUDG¡MR W\þLRWLV Lã
QHODLPLQJR W¡YR -XUJXWLV MDX EXYR VXþLXS
V 3LQþXN Xå UDJR EHW þLD SDGDQJ¡MH SDVLURG¡ 3HUNÌQDV
NDLS *LUGYDLQLV VX REXROPXãLDLV LU EDLVLX WUHQNVPX NULWR åDLEDV ³ PDOÌQ -XUJXWLV GDU VS¡MR SDPDW\WL
NDLS QXVLULWR QXR VSDUQR 3LQþXNDV LU QXJDUP¡MR NLDXUDL åHP
 R SDWV LU QHSDMXWR NDLS VXDQJO¡MR SR
PDOÌQR VSDUQDLV VX GLGHOH PHLOH LU EDLVLD QHDS\NDQWD ãLUG\MH
%HW VXVLULQN
åPRQ¡V SULH PDOÌQR JULXY¡VLÐ WR QHåLQRMR R VXDQJO¡M
V -XUJXWLV QLHNR QHJDO¡MR
SDSDVDNRWL 7HQ M³ SDODLGRMR SR PDOÌQR JULXY¡VLDLV 2 %DOWDUDJLR DNPHQ³ WDLS LU SDOLNR YLUãXNDOQ¡MH
QHV N JL VX DNPHQLX GDU\VL"
2 NXU GLQJR %DOWDUDJLR GXNW¡ OLQNVPRML JUDåXRO¡ -XUJD QHODLPLQJD *LUGYDLQLR VXåDG¡WLQ¡
QLHNDV WDLS LU QHVXåLQRMR 2 ML QXJDO¡MR ³åHLVW VDYR ãLUG³ LU LãE¡JR SHU DXGU SDVLWLNWL VDYR SDNO\GXVLR
MDXQLNLR 7LNWDL QHVXVS¡MR %HW YLV G¡OWR ML LãWUÌNR Lã 3LQþXNR QDJÐ LU -XUJXþLR PHLO¡V JO¡ELR LU
QXVNULGR NDLS åXY¡GUD ÌåLDQW SDYDVDULR DXGUDL LU åYHQJLDQW JULDXVWLQLR REXROPXãLDPV VXVLWXRNWL VX
SUDåXYXVLX VDYR MDXQLNLX
7DLS YLVNDV VXVLG¡MR W DXGULQJ SDYDVDULR QDNW³ NDL åPRQLÐ OLNLPDL VXVLNLUWR LU WLN
DWPLQLPDV EHSDOLNR Lã NXULR VX ODLNX QXVLS\Q¡ SDGDYLPR YDLQLNDV

XLVIII

'DXJ PHWÐ SUD¡MR QXR WÐ YLVÐ QHSDSUDVWÐ ³Y\NLÐ NXULH G¡MRVL DQXR PHWX 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH EHW
OLJL ãLRO åPRQ¡V SDVDNRMD DSLH QHODLPLQJ 3DXGUXY¡V PDOÌQLQLQN %DOWDUDJ³ MR JUDåXRO
GXNWHU³ -XUJ
LãGLGÐ MDXQLN³ *LUGYDLQ³ LU MR REXROPXãLXV åLUJXV NXULH Y¡M SUDOHQNGDY
 %HW QH YLHQ WLNWDL åPRQ¡V
atsimena.
,U PDQ NDUWDLV DWURGR WDU\WXP Dã SDWV R QH *LUGYDLQLV EÌþLDX WXU¡M
V WXRV REXROPXãLXV åLUJXV
LU QXO¡N
V VX MDLV NDLS Y¡MR VSDUQDLV SDV %DOWDUDJLR GXNU SLUãO\EÐ R SDVNXL SUDUDG
V VDYR HLNOLXRVLXV
åLUJXV LU NODLGåLRM
V MÐ LHãNRGDPDV NHOLDLV LU NU\åNHOLDLV
$UED LU Y¡O NLW NDUW PDQ DWURGR WDUVL QH %DOWDUDJLV R Dã SDWV WXU¡MDX PDOÌQ DQW 8GUXY¡V
HåHUR NUDQWR LU JUDåXRO
GXNWHU³ NXUL EH JDOR P\O¡GDPDV LU G¡O MRV VLHOYDUWDXGDPDV SUDåLODX LU
VXDNPHQ¡MDX MRV QHWHN
V $N MXN YLVD WDL SDVDND NXUL NODLGLQD LU YHGåLRMD NDLS W *LUGYDLQ³ QHOHPWDV
3LQþXNDV
%HW NDUWDLV LU PDQ WDV 3LQþXNDV SDVLYDLGHQD LU DWURGR WDU\WXP MLV QH NDV NLWDV EÌWÐ WLNWDL Dã
SDWV QH NDUW EXY
V DSJDXWDV SHU VDYR OHQJYDWLNLãNXP LU VXNGDY
V PDOÌQR VSDUQXV Xå Y¡M 3DVNXL
SDPDW
V NDG HVX DNLSO¡ãLãNDL LãQDXGRMDPDV VXS\NGDYDX NHUã\GDYDX LU MXRNGDYDXVL QXJDO¡M
V VDYR
SULHãLQLQN
%HW DU WLNUDL EXYR DU QHEXYR WDV 3LQþXNDV YLVLãNDL QHDLãNX *DO MLV %DOWDUDJLR SDVPRQ¡MH
SDVLYDLGHQR 8UãXO¡V YDL]GXRW¡MH DWJLMR LU SULVLGHQJ
V -XUJXþLR ãHã¡OLX NODLGLQR MDXQLNLXV LU NDLS
YDLGXRNOLV SHUVHNLRMR SDNODLNXV³ *LUGYDLQ³
3DJDOLDX JDODV þLD åLQR 7LNWDL MLV NDUWDLV QXVWHOEGDYR NDOYLR -XRGYDONLR SDUDQNLQ³ -XUJXW³
VXVLOLHGDPDV VX MR ãHã¡OLX LU SDYLUVGDPDV EHQH YLHQX YHLN¡MX NDG LU PDQ Lã SUDGåLÐ EXYR VXQNX MXRV
LãVNLUWL %HW DWJLM
V -XUJXWLV DWNDNOLDL SDUHLNDODYR VDYR WHLVLÐ LU ³VLYHUå¡ ³ NQ\JRV SXVODSLXV QRUV EXYR
XåPLUãWDV SDGDYLPH NDLS GDåQDL DWVLWLQND VX WLNUDLV GLGY\ULDLV
*DO WDLS YLVNDV EXYR JDO LU QHEXYR WLNWDL VXVLS\Q¡ NDLS SDVDNÐ UDãWDV LU SDYHUJ¡ ãLUG³ VDYR
margumu ir spalvingumu.
$N MXN Lã åPRJDXV ãLUGLHV NDOED SDVDND WRG¡O WDLS LU VXåDYL
2 YDNDUR SULHEODQGRMH NDL SDWV QHåLQDL NR SDVLLOJVWL VXVLUHQND NDLS J\YL YLVL WLH ELþLXOLDL QH
WLN %DOWDUDJLV VX VDYR GXNUD LU *LUGYDLQLV VX REXROPXãLDLV QHODLPLQJDV -XUJXWLV VX NODVWLQJX 3LQþXNR
ãHã¡OLX EHW LU LãPLQWLQJDVLV $QXSUDV LU YDUJã¡ 8UãXO¡ LU QHQDXG¡OLV âHãHOJD LU DUNOLDYDJLV 5DXS\V LU
YLVL NLWL NXULXRV SULN¡OLDX Lã QXPLUXVLÐ ãLRV NQ\JRV SXVODSLXRVH
7DGD PDQ ODEDL JHUD VX MDLV YLVDLV SDEÌWL SDVLNDOE¡WL WDU\WXP Dã SDWV VX VDYLP VXVLWLNþLDX DU
VX VDYR JHULDXVLDLV VHQLDL QHPDW\WDLV ELþLXOLDLV VX NXULDLV GDXJ ãYLHVLÐ LU NDUþLÐ YDODQGÐ HVX
LãJ\YHQ
V
.RNLD JL þLD WDGD SDVDND" -XN WDL SDWV J\YHQLPDV
,U Lã WLNUÐMÐ VXVLSLQD SDVDND VX WLNURYH NDLS ODLP¡ LU QHODLP¡ åPRJDXV J\YHQLPH LU NXU þLD
tada atskirsi, kur pasaka, o kur tikrasis gyvenimas?
$ã MÐ LU QHVNLULX
1HVNLULD LU 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWR åPRQ¡V VX VNDLGULD ãLUGLPL LU ãYLHVLRPLV DNLPLV
'DU LU GDEDU SDVDNRMD 3DXGUXY¡V NUDãWH NLHNYLHQ SDYDVDU³ NDL VXãQLRNãþLD SLUPD SDYDVDULR
DXGUD VXN\OD 8GUXY¡V HåHUDV YHUåLDVL Lã VDYR NUDQWÐ JULDXQD W VNDUG³ NXU VWRY¡MR %DOWDUDJLR
PDOÌQDV LU SUDGHGD WDGD WHQDL G¡WLV QHSDSUDVWL LU QXRVWDEÌV GDO\NDL
7DGD ³VLVLDXWXVLDPH HåHUH LãN\OD DQW EDQJÐ QHDSVDNRPDL JUDåL ODXP¡ QHODLPLQJD
PDOÌQLQLQNR GXNW¡ -XUJD YHUNLD LU MXRNLDVL ãDXNLD VDYR MDXQLN³ LU QHSULVLãDXNLD
2 WXR PHWX NDL NDV PDW¡ LU QHW SDNHO¡MH VXWLNR LãGLGÐ LU QLDXUÐ MDXQLN³ *LUGYDLQ³ NXULV YLV GDU
LHãNRMR LU QHJDO¡MR VXUDVWL SDYRJWÐ VDYR REXROPXãLÐ
7DGD GDU ODELDX SUDGHGD VLDXVWL DXGUD LU LPD ã¡OWL HåHUDV R HåHUR SDNUDQW¡VH LU DSOLQNLQLXRV
NDOQXRVH SUDGHGD åYHQJWL HUåLODL LU MÐ åYHQJLPDV QXVWHOELD SDYDVDULR DXGURV ãQLRNãWLP
7DGD SDN\OD GDU GLGHVQ¡ DXGUD LU GDU JDUVLDX SUDGHGD åYHQJWL QHPDWRPL åLUJDL VXVLPDLãR
åHP¡ VX GDQJXPL ² WDL -XUJD WDGD YDåLXRMD O\J Y¡MR VSDUQDLV WXRNWLV VX *LUGYDLQLX ,U VNDPED WDGD
DSOLQNLQLDL ãLODL NDLS YHVWXYLÐ YDUJRQDL LU MXRNLDVL DXGUD NDLS ODLPLQJD QXRWDND
7XR SDþLX PHWX NLWRVH YLHWRVH ³Y\NVWD NLWÐ QXRVWDELÐ UHLãNLQLÐ
7LHV WD NU\åNHOH NXU EXYR *DLGåJDO¡V NDUþHPD SDVLYDLGHQR DUNOLDYDJLR 5DXSLR GÌãLD XåVLÌWD
DUNOLR RGRMH LU QHJDOLQWL Lã MRV LãWUÌNWL 7DL GDXåRVL NU\åNHO¡MH LU DLPDQXRMD ãDXNGDPD SDJDOERV %HW
QLHNDV QHGU³VWD SULH MRV SULHLWL LU LãYDGXRWL Lã RGRV
2 SR 3DGLHY\þLR WLOWHOLX åPRQ¡V \UD PDW
VXSDQþLRW UDJDQ NÌUHQDQþL XJQ³ LU SUDãDQþL
LãULãLPR %HW WDL QH UDJDQD WLNWDL YDUJã¡ 8UãXO¡ QHJDYXVL VDYR QXRG¡PLÐ LãULãLPR DWJDLODXMD SR WXR
WLOWHOLX NÌUHQD XJQ³ LU ãLOGRVL ODXNGDPD NDGD SDJDOLDX DWNHQW¡V Xå VDYR EXUWXV LU JDXV LãULãLP
3DXGUXY¡V SHON¡VH NXULRV YLV GDU WRNLRV SDW NODPSLRV LU NODVWLQJRV WLQJLQ\V YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV
MDX QHVQÌGXULXRMD VYDMRGDPDV DSLH SDþL EHW VX SDYDVDULR PDXUDLV LãN\OD NDUþHPQLQNR âHãHOJRV
GYDVLD LU VNXQGåLDVL NRNV þLD JDOL EÌWL J\YHQLPDV GXPEO\QH %HW MR VNXQGR OLJ ãLRO QLHNDV QHLãJLUGR LU
WÐ SHONLÐ QHQXVDXVLQR
2 ³ W VNDUG³ NXU EXYR %DOWDUDJLR PDOÌQDV R GDEDU WLNWDL DNPHQÐ NUÌYD NLHNYLHQ SDYDVDU³
WUHQNLD SHUNÌQDV
7DL YHOQLDV 3LQþXNDV SHU PHWXV SUDVLUDXV
V Lã åHP¡V JHOPLÐ QRUL LãWUÌNWL Lã SUDJDUR EHW YRV
WLNWDL LãNLãD UDJ Lã SR åHP¡V NDL DWE¡J
V -XUJXWLV QXþLXPSD M³ Xå WR UDJR LU SHUNÌQDV WUHQN
V MDP ³
WDUSXNDNW
 Y¡O QXJUDP]GLQD ³ SUDJDUR WDPV\EHV
.LHN WROLDX QXR PDOÌQR DNPHQÐ NUÌYRV VWRYL SXVLDX ³ åHP
³VPXN
V DNPXR ODEDL SDQDãXV ³
VXDNPHQ¡MXV³ åPRJÐ 7DL QHODLPLQJDV PDOÌQLQLQNDV %DOWDUDJLV Lã VDYR VLHOYDUWR VXVWLQJ
V LU DPåLQDL
SDYLUW
V DNPHQLPL 7LNWDL W QDNW³ NDL VXãQLRNãþLD DXGUD SULHã DXãU DWJ\MD %DOWDUDJLR DNPXR LU SHU MR
YHLGXV QXULHGD VWDPELRV DNPHQLQ¡V DãDURV
%HW NDL ³VLVLDXþLD DXGUD XåJURMD SXã\QÐ YDUJRQDL QXãYLQWD %DOWDUDJLR DNPXR LU Y¡O
VXVWLQJVWD ,ã HåHUR JHOPLÐ SDN\OD EDOWDNDUþLDL REXROPXãLDL åLUJDL LU OHNLD VX MDLV NDLS Y¡MR VSDUQDLV
jaunikis su nuotaka.
$XãUD YLV SODþLDX VHPLD GDQJÐ DXGUD QXULPVWD LU YLVNDV LãQ\NVWD 7LNWDL VNDLGUXV 8GUXY¡V
HåHUDV WDUS SXã\QÐ PLUJXOLXRMD NDLS SDVDND