Mary parker Follett’s concepts included in the administration management that is

@The universal goal,

@The universal principal,
@Law of the situation: Emphasizes that there is no one best way to do anything,
but that it all depends on the situation.
Neo- classical Management: includes
--Human relation school
--Behavioral Management School
Human relation school:
Behavioral or human relations management emerged in the 1920s and dealt with
the human aspects of organizations. It has been referred to as the neo-classical
school because it was initially a reaction to the shortcoming of the classical
approaches to management. The human relations movement began with the
Hawthorne studies.
The Hawthorne studies are significant because they demonstrated the important
influence of human factors on worker productivity.
There are four major phases to the Hawthorne studies:
1.The illumination experiment: Tried to determine whether better lighting
would lead to increased productivity.2.The real assembly group experiments3.The
interviewing program and
4.The bank wiring group studies.
Chester Barnard
Record his insights about Management in his book function of Executive.
It outlined the legitimacy of the supervisors directive and the extend of the
subordinates acceptance.
Barnard taught that the three top functions of the executive were to –
1.establish and maintain an effective communication system,
2.Hire and retain effective personnel
3.Motivate those personnel.
His Acceptance Theory of authority state that managers only have as much
authority as employees. The acceptance of authority depends on four conditions.

1.Employees must understand what the manager wants them to do.

2.Employees must be able to comply with the directive.
3.Employees must think that the directive is in keeping with organizational
objectives.
4.Employees must think that the directives are not contrary to their personal
goal.
Behavioral Management school:
The behavioral approach did not always increase productivity. Thus, motivates and
leadership techniques became a topic of great interest. The human resources school
understands that employees are very creative and competent, and that much of their
talent is largely untapped by their employers. Employee want meaningful work;
they want to contribute; they want to participate in decision making and leadership
functions.
Meaning of principles:
Principle is the tested guide lines for a certain course of action .In another way a
principle can be defined as a fundamental statement of truth providing a guide to
thought and action. We can also say that it is a statement which reflects the
fundamental truth about some phenomenon. A fundamental statement tells us what
results are expected when the principle is applied.
Nature of management principle:
1. Flexibility
2. Universal application
3.Principal are relative not absolute
4.Based on situation
5. General statement.
Modern Management concept
Modern Management concept mainly divided into two classes:--
1.Decision theory school:
Herbert Simon, Glurk and lyndall urwick the major contributors to this school of
thought.
The main features of this theory are as follow:--
1.Decision is central to the study of organization.
2.The organization effectiveness depends on the quality of decision.
3.All factors affecting decision making are the subject matter of the study of
Management.
4.The member of the organization is decision makers and problem solvers.
Contingency Management school / Situational approach:
The latest approach to management which interact the various approaches to
management is known as the contingency approach or open and adaptive systems
approach. The work of Joan Woodward in the 1950s marked the beginning of this
approach in management.
Contingency school states that management is situational & the study of
management lies in identifying the important variables in the situation.
It recognizes that all the subsystem of the environment are interconnected and
interrelated. By studying their interrelationship, the management can find solution
to specific situation.
Emerging Management position:
New management viewpoints are emerging. Quality management emphasizes
achieving customer satisfaction by providing high quality goods & services.
Reengineering the organization redesigns the processes that are crucial to customer
satisfaction.