Water and Sanitation

Introduction

Prof. Daniel S. Mostrales

BSCE; M.Eng’g. (Water Resources Engineering)
Diploma (International Housing Studies)
 Basic human right
• All human beings
should have
access to clean
drinkable water
and proper
wastewater
management.
 Access to clean water

“All people, whatever their stage of

development and social and economic
condition, have the right to have access to
drinking water in quantities and of a quality
equal to their basic needs.”

(UN Conference at Mar del Plata, 1977)

 Access to clean water
Five key elements
– Quantity. Enough water for everyone.
– Quality. Will not cause disease.
– Cost. Within everyone’s reach.
– Coverage. Available to everyone.
– Continuity. Available all day, everyday.
 Access to clean water

Morbidity and Mortality Rates of Some Important Water-related

Diseases (WHO, 1995)
 Access to clean water

Infant Mortality versus Access to Safe Water (WHO, 2004)

Cases of waterborne diseases vs. Water Service
Coverage
 Sanitation
• In general, this has received far lower
priority than has provision of water supply
• Need to protect our groundwater and our
open water bodies (drainage canals, creeks,
rivers, shorelines)
• Solutions should go beyond toilets and
septic tanks