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    Gestalt psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer and posits that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It is based on three main principles: the principle of totality which states that the mind perceives whole situations or configurations; the principle of psychophysical isomorphism which states that perceptual structures correspond to physical stimulus configurations; and the principle of Prägnanz which states that the mind perceives structures as regular, stable, and symmetrical. Key concepts of Gestalt psychology include figure-ground relationships, continuity, proximity, similarity, and closure which describe how the mind organizes visual elements into groups or unified wholes.

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    Gestalt psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer and posits that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It is based on three main principles: the principle of totality which states that the mind perceives whole situations or configurations; the principle of psychophysical isomorphism which states that perceptual structures correspond to physical stimulus configurations; and the principle of Prägnanz which states that the mind perceives structures as regular, stable, and symmetrical. Key concepts of Gestalt psychology include figure-ground relationships, continuity, proximity, similarity, and closure which describe how the mind organizes visual elements into groups or unified wholes.

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    9 views13 pages

    4 Lecture 11-03-10

    Uploaded by

    Joe Evans
    Gestalt psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer and posits that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It is based on three main principles: the principle of totality which states that the mind perceives whole situations or configurations; the principle of psychophysical isomorphism which states that perceptual structures correspond to physical stimulus configurations; and the principle of Prägnanz which states that the mind perceives structures as regular, stable, and symmetrical. Key concepts of Gestalt psychology include figure-ground relationships, continuity, proximity, similarity, and closure which describe how the mind organizes visual elements into groups or unified wholes.

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    Gestalt Psychology

    Gestalt Psychology: Background

    • Phenomenology
    • What’s a “gestalt”?
    • whole > sum of parts
    • Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
    • Ernst Mach (1838-1916)
    • Christian von Ehrenfels (1859-1932)
    Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

    • founded Gestalt psychology


    • phi phenomenon
    • observer-sensation interactions
    • came to U.S. in 1933
    Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)

    • worked with Wertheimer


    • Perception: An Introduction
    to Gestalt Theory
    • came to the U.S. in 1925
    Wolfgang Köhler (1886-1941)

    • The Mentality of Apes (1925)


    • insight learning
    • espionage?
    • came to the U.S. in 1935
    Gestalt Psychology

    Three main guiding ideas:


    1) the principle of totality
    2) the principle of psychophysical isomorphism
    3) the principle of Prägnanz
    Perceptual Organization

    • figure-ground relationships
    • Continuity
    • Proximity
    • Similarity
    • Closure
    figure-ground
    continuity
    proximity
    similarity
    closure
    Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)
    • life space
    • subjective reality
    • the Zeigarnik effect
    • theory of conflict
    – Approach-Approach
    – Avoidance-Avoidance
    – Approach-Avoidance
    • group dynamics

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