30/10/2010

Fluids can be classified Fluid flows are classified based on

Calsification of fluids
VARIATION

Density Viscosity
Temporal
Spatial variation(in space)
variation( with time)

Non-viscos Viscos
Incompressible Compressible (ideal flow)
Non
Uniform
Steady Unsteady uniform

Fluid flows are also classified based on FLOW PATTERNS

Definition used
Stream line
Nature of the movement of fluid particles

Stream tube

Laminar (Orderly) Turbulent ( Disorderly)

Path line

Streak line

Control volume Momentum Equation for force

F = momentum of out flow rate from CV – Momentum of inflow rate in to CV
Definition
F= ƥQ(v -v ) out in
 A space  F is the resultant force of
 Has a fixed volume/shape Gravity (weight) + pressure force+ force from external
 Stationary or moving at a constant velocity boundaries
On CV to direction of considered
In the two dimensional case used momentum equation
A B
C
for two perpendicular directions and find the Fx and Fy
Then find the resultant force

1
 30/10/2010

Conservation of mass Conservation of Energy

For incompressible fluid  Energy head = energy / weight
Mass in flow rate in to CV = Mass out flow rate from CV
Total Head =
Bernoulli principle
(ƥQ)in = (ƥQ)out
In a steady, incompressible, frictionless flow, B
Q in = Q out along a stream line total energy head is
constant
Ai Vi = Ao Vo ( continuity Equation)

Conservation of Energy
Energy Equation 2

H1 + Hp = H + HL
2

Hp = energy inputs ( Eg - pumps)

HL = energy output/losses
HL
(Eg- turbines, frictional losses )
1 Hp
H1 = total head at point 1
H2 = total head at point 2