First language acquisition

Parents and Educator

 :Introduction
The fourth perspective in this chapter is language learning
from the point of view of parents and educator. The writer
talked about the linguists, psychologists, and child points of
view. When the child become two years and still not able to
talk, the parents got confused about what is wrong with
their child. The example of Albert Einstein, the famous
scientist who was unable to talk until he is five years old is
evidence that late talkers end up with full control over
language. The reason for this lateness is probably because
.the insufficient motivation
.I can divide the children into two groups

:The first impairment

This group of children is having language impairment

because of another cognitive or emotional impairments
.which caused by genetic abnormality
 :Down's syndrome

Often Down syndrome is associated with some

impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth, and
a particular set of facial characteristics. Individuals with
Down syndrome tend to have a lower-than-average
cognitive ability, often ranging from mild to moderate
disabilities. A small number have severe to profound
.mental disability
 Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental

disorder caused by a deletion of about 26 genes from the
long arm of chromosome 7. It is characterized by a
distinctive, "elfin" facial appearance, along with a low
nasal bridge; an unusually cheerful demeanor and ease
with strangers; developmental delay coupled with
unusual (for persons who are diagnosed as
.developmentally delayed) language skills
 fragile X syndrome

fragile X syndrome (FXS), or Martin-Bell syndrome, is a

genetic syndrome which results in a spectrum of
characteristic physical and intellectual limitations and
emotional and behavioral features which range from
.severe to mild in manifestation
 Autism

Autism is a disorder of neural development

characterized by impaired social interaction and
communication, and by restricted and repetitive
.behavior
 The second impairment

This group of children is having language impairment

without any genes abnormality. This kind of children
most of the time get better as they get older in age and by
.speech therapy
:The first group

The first group: having problems with the expressive use

of language. We can notice that they find it difficult to
articulate certain sounds or stutter a lot. This kind is
having comprehension problems not cognitive ones.
Articulatory speech therapy is the solution for this
.problem
 The second group

The second group: they have low level speech perception

for certain sounds like (s) , (f). Training in the detection
.of auditory contrasts can help in this problem
:The third group

The third group: Is having pragmatic impairment. They

are having problems in forming coherent discourse and
connected narration. This impairment reasons can be
wither: stylistic effects related to dialect and social class
or innate tendencies like autism or difficulties with social
.perspective talking
The fourth group

The fourth group is children that have slight cognitive

.deficit that is related to language impairment
These impairments show us that biology is not less
significant than psychology in determining language of
.the children
Actually, parents play a crucial role in developing their
child language. The recent researches show that there is
a strong connection between early literary practices like:
reading stories for children, rhymes and later success in
.reading and literacy
:Presented by

Mona Al-Faifi