10.1+10.2, Fourier Series

2010
Bio-medical-engineering
mathematics
By Mohammad Sikandar-
khan-Lodhi
[FOURIER-SERIES: CH-10]
ITS AN ENGINEERING MATHEMATIC CHAPTER:
(ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 4, CH-10, SEC-10.1 & 10.2)
 FOURIER-SERIES:
(10.1)
 PERIODIC-FUNCTION’S:
Any function f(x) have some positive no (p) and its defined for all
real (x) .
[
= ( )= >0..]
fimilar periodic function are sine & cosine function’s.
(f=c=constant) => it’s also a periodic-function, because its

satisfied equation (A) for all (p).
GRAPH:
f(x) Point (b)
Point
(a)
There is any
interval of
length (p) b/w
point (a) & (b)
x-axes
those function whose are not periodic are followed
(i-e)
BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 2 OF 21

[ .]
 TRIGONOMETRIC-SYSTEM:
Our problem in the first few section’s of this chapter will be the
representation of various function’s of period ( ) in terms
of the simple function’s.
(i-e)



And so on…
Above figure show the cosine and sine function having the
period ( ) From (0  2[pi]).
 TRIGONOMETRIC-SERIES:
There is a series which aries by above equation (D)
(i-e)
Where , a0,a1,a2,…,an.; & b0,b1,b2,…,bn .; all are real constant this

series is called as “trigonometric-series” we may also write
above series which was given in equation (E) as ,
Also the “an & bn are Coefficient of series” where the set of
function in eq (D) above is called as “Trigonometric-System”.
Key pointwe see that each terms of series in equation (E)

above has the period ( 2 ) hence if the series of eq(E) converges
then “its sum will be a function of period (2 );
Key-point--> “trigonometric series” in equation (E) is also called

fourier-series of “ f ”.
_____________

(10.2) start here
 FOURIER-SERIES:
STATEMENTS;
The fourier series aries from the partical-task for representing a

periodic function [f(x)=f(x+p)] in terms of Cosine and Sine function.
The Fourier-series are often also called as trigonometric-

series(Eq-[E] in section 10.1), whose coefficient are find from f(x) by
using certain formula “Euler-Formula” (below).
“Now, we first drive the Euler formula’s which are most use full for
finding the coefficient of fourier or trigonometric series.”
 EULER-FORMULA’S-FOR-FOURIER-COEFFICIENTS:
Let,f(x) is a periodic function of period (2 ), which can be

represented by trigonometric-series(or Fourier-Series).
(i-e)
We assume that this series converges & has f(x) as its Sum.
Key we want to find the coefficient’s *a0, an & bn of the above

fourier-series in equation (E).
Where [ n=1,2,3,4,…..,inifinity+.
 FOR-a0 : (Eular-formula for a0):

Let , integrated on both side’s in eq(E) from * ] we get,
(above)(Eq-CE’) It’s the equation of a0(the coefficient of fourier-

series in equation[E]).
 FOR an=m:
 FOR am :
When (m=n),
[m= any fixed +ve No]

_________________________________
Formulas:
__________________________________
We multiply eq(E) by cos(mx) & then integrated from ( ),

where [m=any fixed +ve No].

 CONSIDER :

Now placing the value of eq(Zi) & eq (Zii) in eq(G1)then

eq(G1)becomes;

When (n=m):
 FOR bn=m OR bm :


*m=n=1,2,3,…,∞+
_____________
Rough-work:
When (n=m):
__________________

 LIST OF EULAR-FORMULA OF FOURIER COEFFICIENT:
Where:
[ .]
Where (an,bn & a0 ) are real-Integer-No,also these number(an,bn

& a0 ) are called fourier-Coefficient’s of f(x).
And above eq(E) is called as fourier series or trigonometrical-

series.
_________________(FINISHED-HERE)__________________
EXAMPLE#1) SQUARE-WAVE:
Find the fourier coefficient’s of periodic-function f(x) in below

function which is given in eq (A) and sketch the graph of f(x)?
Solution:
REQUIRED:

A). Sketch the graph of f(x) of eq(A)=?;
B). find fourier coefficient of f(x) .
A). Sketch the graph of f(x) in eq(A):
Graph :
. ()
+k
(amplitude)
x-axis
-2
-k
(Amplitude)
B). find fourier coefficient of f(x) .
1) FOR a0 :
By using Eular formula:

___________
Rough work:
______________

 FOR bn:
By using Eular formula:
___________
Rough work:

 CONSIDER ( ):
In general ( )
 FOR FOURIER SERIES-OF-f(x):
FORMULA:

 FOR PARTIAL SUM OF ABOVE FOURIER SERIES ARE:
 GRAPHICAL-REPRESENTATION-OF-ABOVE-FOURIER-SERIES IN
EQUATION (V):

For
k
-
x
-k
(2 )=P
=(-
For
k
-
x
-k
(2 )=P
=(-

 f(x)
 f(x)
Keythese above figure show that fourier series is convergent

and has sum f(x) we notice that partial-sum cause to be
converge and has the sum f(x).
In above example we noted that at (x=0) & (x= ) & (x= )
the f(x) is discontinutes & the value of partial sum is zero, this

means that the series of partial-sum is convergent and has the

sum is f(x) [as represented in above graph].
Let, f(x) is the sum of series then Assume we set ( ),

____________________________________________________

90
360=2
0
pi 270
-1
Cos(2x)


10.1+10.2, Fourier Series

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

10.1+10.2, Fourier Series

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2010

(f=c=constant) => it’s also a periodic-function, because its

f(x) Point (b)

those function whose are not periodic are followed

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 2 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 3 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 4 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 5 OF 21

There is a series which aries by above equation (D)

Where , a0,a1,a2,…,an.; & b0,b1,b2,…,bn .; all are real constant this

Key pointwe see that each terms of series in equation (E)

Key-point--> “trigonometric series” in equation (E) is also called

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 6 OF 21

(10.2) start here

The fourier series aries from the partical-task for representing a

The Fourier-series are often also called as trigonometric-

Let,f(x) is a periodic function of period (2 ), which can be

Key we want to find the coefficient’s *a0, an & bn of the above

 FOR-a0 : (Eular-formula for a0):

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 7 OF 21

Let , integrated on both side’s in eq(E) from * ] we get,

(above)(Eq-CE’) It’s the equation of a0(the coefficient of fourier-

[m= any fixed +ve No]

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 8 OF 21

We multiply eq(E) by cos(mx) & then integrated from ( ),

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 9 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 10 OF 21

Now placing the value of eq(Zi) & eq (Zii) in eq(G1)then

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 11 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 12 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 13 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 14 OF 21

 LIST OF EULAR-FORMULA OF FOURIER COEFFICIENT:

Where (an,bn & a0 ) are real-Integer-No,also these number(an,bn

And above eq(E) is called as fourier series or trigonometrical-

Find the fourier coefficient’s of periodic-function f(x) in below

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 15 OF 21

A). Sketch the graph of f(x) of eq(A)=?;

B). find fourier coefficient of f(x) .

A). Sketch the graph of f(x) in eq(A):

B). find fourier coefficient of f(x) .

By using Eular formula:

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 16 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 17 OF 21

By using Eular formula:

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 18 OF 21

 FOR FOURIER SERIES-OF-f(x):

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 19 OF 21

 FOR PARTIAL SUM OF ABOVE FOURIER SERIES ARE:

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 20 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 21 OF 21

Keythese above figure show that fourier series is convergent

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 22 OF 21

means that the series of partial-sum is convergent and has the

Let, f(x) is the sum of series then Assume we set ( ),

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 23 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 24 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 25 OF 21

BIO-MEDICAL-ENGINEERING-GUIDE BY MOH-SIKANDAR-LODHI Page 26 OF 21

You might also like