Cartesian Product

Reporter: Fazonela
 Cartesian Product

• is defined to be the set of all points (a,b)

 where (a є A) and (b є B) 

A x B = {(x,y): x   A, y   B}

 Example

If A = {3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6},

write the Cartesian product (i) A x B (ii) B x A
  Answer:

i. A x B = {(3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
ii. B x A = {(2, 3), (2, 5), (4, 3), (4, 5), (6, 3), (6, 5)}

Note:
a. A x B ≠  B x A unless A = B
b. n(A x B) = n(A) x n(B)
A x B = {(3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
B x A = {(2, 3), (2, 5), (4, 3), (4, 5), (6, 3), (6, 5)}
 Direct Product and
Finitely Generated Abelian Group
Reporter: Fazonela
 Direct Product
- is generally the Cartesian product of the underlying
sets, together with a suitably defined structure on
the product set.
 Example
- If we think of R as the set of real numbers, then the
direct product R X R  is precisely just the cartesian
product, {(x,y): x,y є R}.

- If we think of   as the group of real numbers under

addition, then the direct product R X R still consists
of {(x,y): x,y є R} . The difference between this and the
preceding example is that  R X R  is now a group. We
have to also say how to add their elements. This is
done by letting (a,b) + (c,d) = (a + c,b + d).
 Abelian Group
- A group G is termed abelian if for any
elements x and y in G, xy = yx (here xy denotes
the product of x and y in G).

-  is a group where any two elements commute.

 Properties
- For any  , a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c. This property
is termed associativity.
- For any  , a + 0 = 0 + a = a. 0 thus plays the role
of an additive identity element or neutral
element.
- For any  , a + ( − a) = ( − a) + a = 0. Thus, − a is
an inverse element to a with respect to + .
- For any  , a + ( − a) = ( − a) + a = 0. Thus, − a is
an inverse element to a with respect to + .
 Finitely Generated Abelian Group

- an abelian group (G,+) is called finitely generated if

there exist finitely many elements x1,...,xs in G such
that every x in G can be written in the form

x = n1x1 + n2x2 + ... + nsxs

 Example

denotes the abelian group:

[A, B, C | 8A = 8B = 8C = 0, 2A + 2B + 2C = 0].