Form 5: Chapter 12 (Progressions)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 (a) k + 1, k + 5, 2k + 6, … → A.P. 4 The arithmetic progression 5, 9, 13, … has a

d = T2 – T1 = k + 5 – (k + 1) = 4 common difference of 4.
d = T3 – T2 = 2k + 6 – (k + 5) = k + 1
These three terms
Since common difference is always the S3 = 57 are not the first three
same, k + 1 = 4 ⇒ k = 3 terms but any three
3
[2a + (3 – 1)(4)] = 57 consecutive terms with
(b) When k = 3, we have 4, 8, 12, … 2 a common difference
8 of 4. Therefore, a new
S8 = [2(4) + 7(4)] = 144
2 3 value of a (first term)
(2a + 8) = 57
2 has to be determined.
3a + 12 = 57
2 (a) T4 = 24 a = 15
ar 3 = 24 Hence, the three consecutive terms which sum up
81r 3 = 24 to 57 are 15, 19 and 23.
24
r3 =
81 +4 +4
8
=
27
2 5 Volumes of water in litres:
r=
3 410, 425, 440, …
a Volume of water at the end of the 8th day
(b) S∞ =
1–r = T8
= 81 = a + 7d
2 = 410 + 7(15)
1–
3 = 515 litres
= 243
6 0.848484 …
= 0.84 + 0.0084 + 0.000084 + …
9
3 Since k, 3, , m are four consecutive terms 0.84
k =
of a geometric progression, 1 – 0.01
3 m 0.84
= = a
0.99 S∞ =
k 9 1–r
84
k =
99
3 mk 28
= =
k 9 33
mk 2 = 27
27
m= 2
k

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7 (a) If 3, k, 48 are in an arithmetic progression, 11 (a) T3 = 10
then ar 2 = 10 … 1
k – 3 = 48 – k
2k = 51 T3 + T4 = 15
k = 25.5 10 + T4 = 15
T4 = 5
(b) If 3, k, 48 are in a geometric progression, then
k 48 ar 3 = 5 … 2
=
3 k 2 ar 3 5
k 2 = 144 : =
1 ar 2 10
k = 12
1
r=
2
8 (a) The common difference of the arithmetic
progression 2, 5, 8, … is 5 – 2 = 3. From 1 :

(b) The sum of all the terms from the 4th term to
the 23rd term
a 
1 2
2
= 10

14 = 10
= S23 – S3
a
23 3
= [2(2) + (23 – 1)(3)] – [2(2) + (3 – 1)(3)]
2 2 a = 40
= 805 –15
= 790 (b) S∞ = 40 = 80
1
1–
9 (a) The common ratio of the geometric 2
6
progression 2, 6, 18, … is = 3.
2 12 (a) 100y, 50y, 25y, … is a geometric
(b) Sn = 6560 progression.
a(r n – 1) T2 50y 1
= 6560
r –1 (b) = =
n
T1 100y 2
2(3 – 1)
= 6560 T3 25y 1
3–1
= =
3n – 1 = 6560 T2 50y 2
3n = 6561 T2 T3 1
3n = 38 Since = = (a constant), the
T1 T2 2
∴n=8
progression is a geometric progression.
10 T8 = 3k +1
13 T2 – T1 = T3 – T2
a + 7d = 3k + 1
9 – (t – 2) = 3t – 9
a + 7(4) = 3k + 1
9 – t + 2 = 3t – 9
a = 3k – 27 … 1
20 = 4t
S8 = 13k + 6 t=5
8 ∴ d = 9 – (5 – 2)
(2a + 7d ) = 13k + 6
2 =6
8a + 28d = 13k + 6
a
8a + 28(4) = 13k + 6 14 S∞ = = 50 = 125
8a = 13k –106 … 2 1–r 3
1–
5
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
8(3k – 27) = 13k –106 –12 1
24k – 216 = 13k –106 15 r = =–
24 2
11k = 110 1
k = 10 h = × 6 = –3
2

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16 50, 46, 42, … → A.P. 17 S∞ = 30
20
Tn < 0 = 30
1–r
50 + (n – 1)(–4) < 0
20
50 – 4n + 4 < 0 1–r=
30
–4n + 54 < 0
2
–4n < –54 1–r=
3
–54
n> 1
–4 r=
3
1
n > 13
2
Hence, the least value of n is 14.

42
Paper 2

1 (a) Hence, the 5th triangle has an area of

25 cm2.
h h
2
h (ii) Sum to infinity,
4
a
b b b
S∞ =
1–r
2 4
= 6400
T1 = Area of the first triangle 1
1–
4
1
= bh 1
2 = 8533 cm2
T2 = Area of the second triangle 3

=   
1 b h 1
2 2 2 8
= bh 2 (a) The number of cubes in each storey forms a
geometric progression 1, 4, 16, 64, …, where
T3 = Area of the third triangle a = 1 and r = 4.
=   
1 b h
2 4 4
1
= bh
32
Tn = 4096
ar n – 1 = 4096
1
bh 1(4)n – 1 = 4096
T2 8 1
= = 4n – 1 = 46
T1 1 4 n–1=6
bh
2 n=7
1
bh Hence, the height of the model is
T3 32 1
= = 7 × 4 = 28 cm.
T2 1 4
bh 1(47 – 1)
8 (b) S7 = = 5461
4–1
T2 T3 1
Since = = (a constant), the Hence, the total price of cubes used
T1 T2 4
= 5461 × 80
areas of the triangles form a geometric = 436 880 sen
1 = RM4368.80
progression with a common ratio of .
4
1 3 (a) T5 = 320
(b) (i) T1 = (160)(80) = 6400 a + 4d = 320
2
1 h + 4k = 320 … 1
T2 = (160)(80) = 1600
8 S8 = 2440
1 8
T3 = (160)(80) = 400 (2a + 7d) = 2440
32 2
4(2h + 7k) = 2440
Tn = 25 2h + 7k = 610 … 2
ar n – 1 = 25
n–1
1 ×2– 2 : k = 30
6400 
1
4
= 25
From 1 : h + 4(30) = 320
n–1 h = 200
14 =
1
256 (b) Tn (of Epsilon) = Tn (of Sigma)
n–1 4 200 + (n – 1)(30) = 160 + (n – 1)(35)
14 = 14 200 + 30n – 30 = 160 + 35n – 35
45 = 5n
n–1=4 n=9
n=5

43
4 (a) Let the number of blocks be n. 5 (a) × 1.05 × 1.05
Total height = 3 m
24 000, 25 200, 26 460, … → G.P.
15n = 300
n = 20 T6 = 24 000(1.05)6 – 1
= RM30 631
(i) The lengths of the blocks,
130, 126, 122, … form an arithmetic
(b) Tn > 35 000
progression, where a = 130 and d = –4.
24 000 (1.05n – 1) > 35 000
The length of the top most block is 35
1.05n – 1 >
given by: 24
T20 = 130 + 19(–4)
= 54 cm (n – 1) lg 1.05 > lg 35
24
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
lg  
35
24
(ii) The total length of all the blocks is given n–1>
by: lg 1.05
20 n – 1 > 7.73
S20 = [2(130) + 19(–4)]
2 n > 8.73
= 1840 cm Minimum value of n = 9
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
24 000(1.056 – 1)
(c) S6 =
1.05 – 1
(b) Tn > 0
a + (n – 1)d > 0 = RM163 246
130 + (n – 1)(–4) > 0
–4(n – 1) > –130
–4n + 4 > –130
–4n > –134
–134
n<
–4
1
n < 33
2
Therefore, the biggest integer value of n is 33.
Hence, the maximum total height of the
blocks is 33 × 15 = 495 cm.

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