CHAPTER 6 : VECTORS (REVISION – NOT Exam Questions / Format)

2. The vector equations of two lines, l1 and l2, are given by

1. P(1 , –3, 2), Q(–2, 1, 1), R(2, –2, 0) and S are four vertices of a parallelogram.
r = i + 2j + 3k + (i – 2j – 3k) and r = –2i + 3j + 4k + t (2i + j + 2k) respectively.
(a) Flnd the area of the triangle OPQ. [4]
(a) Show that the two lines intersect, and find the coordinates of the
(b) Find the area of the parallelogram PQRS. [4] intersection point. [4]
(c) Find the Cartesian equation of the lines PR and QS respectively. [3] (b) Find the acute angle between the two lines. [4]
(d) Find the Cartesian equation of the planes OPQ and PQRS respectively. [4]
(c) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains the lines l1 and l2. [4]
 1   2   3  2   5  Hence, find the acute angle between this plane and the x-axis. [3]
       
(a) OP x OQ =  3  x  1  =  (1 4)  =  5 
 2  1  1 6   5   1  1  2  2 
        1 +  = –2 + 2t
        (a)  2  +   2  =  3 + t  1 
1 1 5  3  3   4 2  2 – 2 = 3 + t   = –1 , t = 1
Area of the triangle OPQ = | OP x OQ | = (5)2  (5)2  (5)2 = 3         3 – 3 = 4 + 2t
2 2 2
3
rd
eq,  = –1 : 3 – 3(–1) = 4 + 2t  t = 1 (consistent) lines l1 and l2 intersect
 2   1   3   2  1  1
           
(b) PQ =  1  –  3  =  4 PR =  2  –  3  =  1  2  2  0 
     
 1  2  1   0  2  2   r =  3  + (1)  1  =  4   coordinates = (0 , 4, 6)
             4 2  6 
     
 3   1   8  1   7 
       
PQ x PR =  4  x  1  =  (6  1)  =  7   1  2 
   
 1   2   3  4   7  (b)  2  ●  1  = 12  (2)2  (3)2 . 22  12  22 cos θ
       
 3   2 
   
Area of PQRS = | PQ x PR | = (7)2  (7)2  (7)2 = 7 3 o
 2 – 2 – 6 = 3 14 cos θ  θ = 122.31
o
 Acute angle between lines = 57.69 (2dp)
 3   3   2  2    7  1
           
(c) QS = QP + PS = –  4  + QR = 
 
4 +  
 
2 –  1  = 
 
7 = 7  1   1  2   4  3   1 
 1   1   0   1   0  0        
            (c)  2  x  1  =  (2  6)  =  8 
 3   2   1 4   5 
 2  1  2   1        
       
PR : r =  2  +   1  QS : r =  1  + t  1   1   1   1 
 0  2   1  0      
         r●  8  =  2  ●  8  = –1 – 16 + 15  x + 8y – 5z = 2
 5  3  5
 x2 = y2 = z  x  2 = y 1 , z = 1      
1 1 2 1 1
 1   1 
   
 0  ●  8  = (1). (1)  (8)  5 cos 
2 2 2
1  0 1 1  2 1
             0  5
(d) OPQ : r●  1  =  0 ● 1 = 0 + 0 + 0 PQRS : r●  1  =  2  ●  1  = 2 – 2 + 0    
1  0 1 1  0  1 o
             –1 + 0 + 0 = 90 cos    = 96.05
x+y+z=0 x+y+z=0 o
 Acute angle between plane and the x-axis = 83.95 (2dp)

R6-1
3. The Cartesian equations of two lines, l1 and l2, are given by 4. Two perpendicular lines l1 and l2 intersects at the point T, have equations
x  3 = z  2 , y = –1 and x = y  1 = z  8 respectively.  1 p  1   2
1 2 2 1 2        
r =  2  + s  2  and r =  q  + t  3  respectively, where s and t are parameters.
(a) Show that the two lines intersect, and find the coordinates of the  3 3  17   4
       
intersection point. [4]
(a) Find the values of p and q, and the coordinates of T. [6]
(b) Find the acute angle between the two lines. [4]
(b) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains the lines l1 and point 0. [4]
(c) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains the lines l1 and point O. [4] Hence, find the acute angle between this plane and the line l2. [3]
Hence, find the acute angle between this plane and the line l2. [3]
c) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains the lines l2 and
 3 1   0  2 perpendicular to the line l1. [2]
        3 +  = 2t
(a)  1  +   0  =  1  + t  1 
 2 2   8  2  –1 = 1 – t  =1,t=2 p  2
        2 + 2 = 8 – 2t    
(a)  2  ●  3  = 0 : 2p – 6 + 12 = 0  p = –3
3  4
3
rd
eq,  = 1 : 2 + 2(1) = 8 – 2t  t = 2 (consistent)  Two lines intersect    
 3 1   4  1  3   1   2
              1 – 3s = –1 + 2t
 r =  1  + (1)  0  =  1   coordinates = (4 , –1, 4)  
2 + s  2 =  q + t  3  2 + 2 s = q – 3t  s = 2 , t = –2
 2 2   4  3  3  17   4
              3 + 3s = 17 + 4t
nd
2 eq. : 2 + 2(2) = q – 3(–2)  q =0
1   2 
   
(b)  0  ●  1  = 12  22 . 22  (1)2  (2)2 cos θ  1  3   5 
     
 2   2   r =  2  + (2)  2  =  6   T(–5 , 6, 9)
     3  3  9
 2 + 0 – 4 = 3 5 cos θ  θ = 107.3
o      
o
 Acute angle between lines = 72.7 (1dp)  1  3   6  6   0  0  0  0   0 
               
(b)  2  x  2  =  (3  9)  =  12  = 4   3   r●   3  =  0  ●   3  = 0
 1   3  02   2   3  3   2 6   8  2  2  0   2 
                       
(c)  0  x  1  =  (2  6)  =  4 
 2   2  1 0   1   3y – 2k = 0
       
 0  2
 2  3  2    
        3  ●  3  = (3)2  22 . 22  ( 3)2  42 cos θ
 r●  4  =  1  ●  4=6–4–2=0  2x + 4y – z = 0  2  4
 1   2  1     
      o
 0+9+8= 13(29 ) cos θ  θ = 28.89
 2  2  Acute angle between plane and the line l2 = 61.11 (2dp)
o
   
(d)  1  ●  4  = 2  (1)  (2) . 2  4  (1) cos 
2 2 2 2 2 2
 2   1   3   1   3 
         
o (c) r●  2  =  0  ●  2  = 3 + 0 + 51 = 54  –3x + 2y + 3z = 54
 4 – 4 + 2 = 3 21 cos  
 = 81.64  3  17   3 
o      
 Acute angle between plane and the line l2 = 8.36 (2dp)

R6-2
  2   2  1  1  0
          6. The straight line joining the points (0, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 0) intersects the plane
5. The line r =  4  +   1  is perpendicular to the plane r =  2  + s  2  + t  2  ,
 4  p  3   q  1 2x + 5z = 11 at the point P.
         
(a) Find the coordinates of P. [5]
where p and q are constants and , s, t  .
(b) Find the acute angle between the line and the plane. [4]
(a) Determine the values of p and q. [5]
 0   1   1   0  1 
(b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection between the line and the plane. [5]          
(a)  1  –  1  =  2   r =  1 +   2 
 2   0  1  0   1  1  1
             
(a)  1  ●  2  = 0 : 0+2+p=0  p = –2
 p   1   0  1    2 
     
      1  +   2   ●  0  = 11  (0 + 0 + 5) + (–2 + 0 + 5) = 11  =2
 2   1    1   5
      1    
 1  ●  2 = 0 : 2 + 2 + pq = 0  q=2
 p  q  0  1   2 
         
 r =  1  + (2)  2  =  5   P(–2 , 5, 3)
 1  1  3 
 2      
 1   2  2
       
(b) Plane : r●  1 =  2  ●  1 = 2 + 2 + 6  r●  1 = 10
 2   3   2   2   1   2 
           
(b)  2 ●  0 = ( 1)2  22  12 . 22  0 2  5 2 cos θ
  2   2   2  1  5 
         
 4  +   1  ●  1  = 10  (–4 + 4 – 8) + (4 + 1 + 4) = 10  =2  –2 + 0 + 5 = 6(29) cos θ  θ = 76.85
o
    2    2 
 4       Acute angle between plane and the line = 13.15 (2dp)
o

 2   2 2 
     
 r =  4  + (2)  1  =  6   coordinates = (2 , 6, 0)
 4  2  0 
     

R6-3
 Point A lies on the plane whose equation is r ● (4i + 3j – k) = 17, and y4
= z  2 , x = 2 and the plane p has the
7.
8. The line l has the equation
point B has coordinates (–1, –1, 2), such that AB is perpendicular to the plane. 2 3
(a) Find the coordinates of A. [5] equation x + 2y – z = 6.

(b) Given that C(1, 4, p) is another point on the plane, where h is a constant. (a) Find the coordinates of the intersection point P, between the line and the plane. [4]
Find the Cartesian equation of the plane ABC. [5] (b) Find the acute angle between the line and the plane. [4]
 1   4 (c) Find the equation of the plane that is perpendicular to the plane p and
   
(a) AB : r =  1  +   3  contains the line l. [4]
 2  1 
    (d) Find the equation of the plane that is perpendicular to the line l and
contains the point P. [2]
  1   4   4 
     
   +   3   ●  3  = 17 
1 (–4 – 3 – 2) + (16 + 9 + 1) = 17 =1   2= 2  0  1
   1    1       
 2      (a) l : r =  4  + t  2  p : r●  2  = 6
 2  3  1 
 1   4  3       
     
 r =  1  + (1)  3  =  2   A(3 , 2, 1)   2
 
 0    1
 2  1   1     
        4  + t  2   ●  2  = 6  (2 – 8 – 2) + t (0 – 4 – 3) = 6  t = –2
   3    1 
  2    
1  4  2  0  2
         
(b)  4  ●  3  = 17  4 + 12 – p = 17  p = –1  r =  4  + (–2)  2  =  0   P(2 , 0, –4)
 p   1   2  3  4 
         
 1  1   2
       0   1
BC =  4  –  1  =  3     
 1   2  3  (b)  2  ●  2  = 02  ( 2)2  32 . 12  22  ( 1)2 cos θ
       3   1 
   
 2  4  3  9   6  3 o
           0 – 4 – 3 = 13(6) cos θ  θ = 142.43
 3  x  3  =  (2  12)  =  10  = 2  5  o
 3   1    Acute angle between plane and the line = 52.43 (2dp)
     6  12   6 
 
 3 
 
 3  1   3   0   1   2  6   4   4   2   4 
                   
 r●  5  =  1  ●  5  = –3 + 5 – 6 = –4  3x – 5y – 3z = –4 (c)  2  x  2  =  (0  3)  =  3   r●  3  =  4  ●  3  = –8 – 12 + 4 = –16
 3   2   3   3   1   0  2   2   2  2  2
                   
 4x – 3y – 2z = 16

 0  2  0
     
(d) r●  2  =  0  ●  2  = 0 + 0 –12 = –12  2y – 3z = 12
 3  4   3
     

R6-4
9. The planes, p1 and p2, have equations r ● (4i + 2j – k) = 17 and 10. The planes p1 and p2 with equations x – 3y + z = 4 and 3x + y – 5z = 2
r ● (i – 3j + k) = 17 respectively. respectively intersect in the line l. The point A has coordinates (1, 0, –1).
(a) Calculate the angle between both planes. [5] (a) Calculate the acute angle between p1 and p2. [4]
(b) If the vector 2i + mj + nk is parallel to both planes, find the values of m and n. [3] (b) Find the vector equation of l. [5]
(c) Find the vector equation of the line of intersection of both planes. [4] (c) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and containing l. [3]
 4   1 (d) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and perpendicular to l. [2]
   
(a)  2  ●  3  = 42  22  (1)2 . 12  ( 3)2  12 cos θ
 1   1   1  3
       
o (a) p1 : r●  3  = 4 p 2 : r●  1  = 2
 4–6–1 = 21(11) cos θ  θ = 101.38  1  5 
o    
 Acute angle between planes = 78.62 (2dp)
 1  3 
   
 3  ●  1  = 12  (3)2  12 . 32  12  (5)2 cos θ
 4   1  2  3   1   1  1   5 
             
(b)  2  x  3  =  (4  1)  =   5 = –  5
 1   1   12  2   14   14   3 – 3 – 5 = 11(35) cos θ  θ = 104.76
o
         
o
 2  1  Acute angle between planes = 75.24 (2dp)
   
Parallel : Let  m  =   5    = 2 , m = 10 , n = 28
 n  14  (b) x – 3y + z = 4 and 3x + y – 5z = 2  10y – 8z = –10
   
Let z = 0  y = –1 , x = 1
 1   3   15  1   14   7  1  7
(c) 4x + 2y – z = 17 and x – 3y + z = 17  5x – y = 34              

    
3 x 1 = ( 5  3)   
= 8 = 2  
4  l : r = 
 1 + t  4
Let x = 6  y = –4 , z = –1  1   5           5
     1 9   10   5  0  
 6  1
   
 Line : r =  4  + t  5 
 1   14   1  1  0   0  7  5  4   9 
                 
(c)  1  –  0  =  1    1  x  4 =  (0  7)  =  7 
 0   1   1   1  5  0  7   7
             
 9   1   9 
     
 r●  7  =  0  ●  7  = –9 + 0 – 7 = –16  9x – 7y – 7z = 16
 7  1   7 
     

 7  1  7
     
(d) r●  4  =  0 ●  4 = 7 + 0 – 5 = 2  7x + 4y + 5 z = 2
 5  1   5 
     

R6-5