THE

HEFFERNAN MATHS METHODS UNITS 3 & 4

GROUP TRIAL EXAMINATION 1
P.O. Box 1180 SOLUTIONS
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
Phone 03 9836 5021 2023
info@theheffernangroup.com.au
www.theheffernangroup.com.au

Question 1 (3 marks)

a. y = ( x 2 + 3x + 2) 5
dy
= 5( x 2 + 3 x + 2) 4 (2 x + 3) (chain rule)
dx
 (1 mark)

tan( x)
b. h( x) =
3x
3 x  sec 2 ( x) − 3tan( x)
h '( x) = (quotient rule) (1 mark)
(3 x) 2

 
 1 

   cos 2     − 3tan  
   3
  3

   
h '  =
 
2
3  
 3  
 3

1
 2
−3 3
1
 
= 2
2

4 − 3 3
=
2
(1 mark)

Question 2 (3 marks)

1 1
a.  3x + 2 dx = 3 log (3x + 2) + c
e (Note that “+c” is required here.)
(1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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1
b. Using the rule  (ax + b) n dx = (ax + b) n +1 + c, n  −1 from the formula sheet ,
a(n + 1)
1
g '( x) =
(2 x − 1) 2
= (2 x − 1) −2
g ( x) =  (2 x − 1) −2 dx
1
= (2 x − 1) −1 + c
2  −1
−1
= +c (1 mark)
2(2 x − 1)
1
Given g   = 5
4
−1
then 5= +c
 1 
2 − 1
2 
c=4
−1
So g ( x) = +4
2(2 x − 1)
(1 mark)

Question 3 (3 marks)

Method 1 Method 2

3 − cos(2 x) = cos (2 x) xR 3 − cos(2 x) = cos (2 x), xR

3 = 2cos(2 x) S A 3 = 2cos(2 x)
3 3 
cos(2 x) =
T C cos(2 x) = (base angle is ) (1 mark)
2 2 6
Cosine is positive in the first and fourth 
2 x = 2k   , kZ (1 mark)
 6
quadrants and the base angle is .
6 
(1 mark) x = k  , k Z (1 mark)
st
12
1 quadrant solution:

2 x = + 2k , k  Z 
6

x = + k , k  Z
12
(1 mark)
th
4 quadrant solution:
 
2 x =  2 −  + 2k , k  Z
 6
11
= + 2k 
6
11
x= + k , k  Z
12
(1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 4 (5 marks)

a.

x-intercepts occur when y = 0 y-intercepts occur when x = 0

1 1
0= −1 y = −1
x +2 2
1 1 
1=  =−
x +2 2
x + 2 =1
x = −1
(1 mark) – correct asymptotes with equations (1
 mark) – correct intercepts
(1 mark) – correct branches/shape
 1
b. f ( x) = −1
x +2

1
Let y= −1
x +2

Swap x and y for inverse.
 1
x= −1 rf = R \ {−1} from part a.
y+2
d f −1 = rf
1
x +1 = (1 mark)
y+2 = R \ {−1}
( x + 1)( y + 2) = 1
1
y+2=
x +1
1
y= −2
x +1
1
So f −1 ( x) = −2 (1 mark)
x +1

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 5 (3 marks)

a. Method 1
Draw a diagram.

Pr( X  4.9) = Pr( Z  −2)

= Pr( Z  2)
by symmetry

So a = 2 . (1 mark)

Method 2
x = 4.9
4.9 − 5.3 x−
so z = using the rule z =
0.2 
= −2
Pr( X  4.9) = Pr( Z  −2)
= Pr( Z  2) by symmetry
So a = 2 . (1 mark)

b.

Note that since Pr(Z  1) = k , then Pr(Z  −1) = k by symmetry.

Pr( X  5.1| X  5.3) (conditional probability)

Pr(5.1  X  5.3)
=
Pr( X  5.3)
(1 mark)
0.5 − k
= Note that Pr( X  5.3) = 0.5
0.5
1
= (0.5 − k ) 
2
= (0.5 − k )  2
= 1 − 2k
(1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 6 (4 marks)

a. Since f is a probability density function, then

4

k
1
x dx = 1
4 1
k  x 2 dx = 1 (1 mark)
1
4
2 3 
k  x2  =1
 3 1
2k  32 32 
( 4)
3
3
 4 −1  = 1 Note 4 2 = =8
3  
2k
(8 − 1) = 1
3
14k = 3
3
k=
14
as required
(1 mark)
4

b. E( X ) =  x f ( x) dx
1
4
3
= x x dx
1
14
3 4
3
=  x 2 dx (1 mark)
14 1
4
3 2 5 
=  x2 
14  5 1
3 2  52 52 
=   4 −1 
14 5  
3
= (32 − 1)
35
93
=
35
23
=2
35
(1 mark)

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Question 7 (3 marks)

Method 1
1
OP runs perpendicular to y = x + 3 (in order to make the shortest distance) and therefore has
2
a gradient of – 2. OP therefore has the equation y = −2x . (1 mark)
1
Solving y = x + 3 and y = −2x simultaneously gives
2 
1
−2 x = x + 3 
2
 5
− x=3
2
6
x=− (1 mark)
5
12
y=
5
 6 12 
P is the point  − ,  . (1 mark)
 5 5

Method 2 – using the distance formula

 1 
Wehave the two points O(0,0) and P  x,  x + 3   .
 2 
Let D = distance from O to P
2
1 
= ( x − 0) 2 +  x + 3 − 0 
2 
1 2
= x2 + x + 3x + 9
4
5 2
= x + 3x + 9
4
1
5 2
=  x 2 + 3x + 9  (1 mark)
4 
1
−
dD 1  5 2  2 5 
=  x + 3x + 9    x + 3 
dx 2  4   2 
5
x+3
= 2
5 2
2 x + 3x + 9
4
dD 6 1
= 0 for minimum (1 mark) Substitute x = − into y = x + 3
dx 5 2
5 12
So x + 3 = 0 (note the denominator gives y=
2 5
dD  6 12 
of cannot equal zero) P is the point  − ,  .
dx  5 5
6
x=− (1 mark)
5

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 8 (7 marks)

a. x-intercepts occur when y = 0

0 = 3− e kx
e kx = 3
log e (3) = kx 
1
x= log e (3) as required
k
(1 mark)

1
log e (3)
 1 k
b. average value =
1   (3− e kx
)dx (1 mark)
 log e (3) − 0  0
k 
1
log e (3)
k  1 k
=  3 x − e kx  (1 mark)
log e (3)  k 0


k  3 1 log (3)   1 0 
=  log e (3) − e e  −  0 − e  
log e (3)  k k   k 

k 3 3 1
=  log e (3) − +  Note that eloge (3) = 3. (1 mark)
log e (3)  k k k

k 3 2
=  log e (3) − 
log e (3)  k k

2
= 3−
log e (3)
(1 mark)

f (1) − f (0)
c. average rate of change =
1− 0
= 3 − ek − (3 − e0 )
= 3 − ek − 3 + 1
= 1 − ek
(1 mark)
We require 1− e k  0
−e k  −1
e k 1
k 0
(1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 9 (9 marks)

a. f ( x) = xsin(  x)
f '( x) = x   cos( x) + sin( x) (product rule) (1 mark)
1   
f '   = cos  + sin  
 4 4 4 4
 1
= +
4 2 2
+4
=
4 2
2( + 4)
=
8
(1 mark)

1
b. Area required =  x sin(  x) dx
0

d
Rearranging ( x cos(  x)) = cos(  x) −  x sin(  x)
dx
d
gives  x sin( x) = cos(  x) − ( x cos(  x))
dx
1 1 1
d
so   x sin( x) dx =  cos( x) dx −  ( x cos( x)) dx
0 0 0
dx
1
1 
=  sin( x)  −  x cos( x) 0
1

 0
(1 mark)
1
= (sin() − sin(0)) − (cos() − 0)

1
= (0 − 0) − (−1)

=1
1
1
So 0 x sin( x) dx = 
1
Area = square units (1 mark)


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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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1 2 3
c. Required area =  f ( x) dx −  f ( x) dx +  f ( x ) dx
0 1 2
1
1
From part b.,  f ( x) dx =  .
0
2 1

Note that  f ( x − 1) dx =  f ( x) dx
1 0
because the graph of y = f ( x) has been translated

1 unit right to become the graph of y = f ( x − 1) .

2 2
So 
1
f ( x) dx = −3 f ( x − 1) dx
1
1

= −3 f ( x) dx (1 mark)
0

1
= −3 

3
=−

3 1
Also 
1
f ( x) dx = 2  f ( x)dx
0

1
= 2

2
=
 (1 mark)
3 2
2
So 2
f ( x) dx +  f ( x) dx =
1

3
2 3
 f ( x) dx =  + 
2

5
=

1 3 5 9
So area between the graph of f and the x-axis is + + = .
   
(1 mark)

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d. i. Method 1 – sketch the graph of g

y

y = g (x) y = f (x)

1 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 O 2 3 4

d g = [−1,0] (1 mark)

Method 2

d f = [0,3]
1
If the graph of f is dilated by a factor of from the y-axis (i.e. compressed
3
horizontally) then the new domain will be x  [0,1] .

If this graph is then reflected in the y-axis to become the graph of g, then
d g = [−1, 0] .

 (1 mark)

 ii. f ( x) = xsin(  x)
Let y = xsin(  x)
1 x
After a dilation by a factor of from the y-axis, replace x with = 3x
 3 1
3
 and we obtain y = 3x sin( 3 x) .

After a reflection inthe y-axis, replace x with – x


 obtain y = −3x sin(−3 x) .
and we

So g ( x) = −3x sin(−3 x) . (1 mark)

The equivalent answer of g ( x) = 3x sin(3 x) is also acceptable.

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2023 Maths Methods Units 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions