4G Mobile

Communicatio
ns
Submitted By:
Pawan Kr.
Mishra
 MOBILE SYSTEM
GENERATION
First Generation (1G) Mobile System:

The introduction of cellular systems in the late 1970s and

early 1980s represented a quantum leap in mobile
communication.

These 1G cellular systems still transmit only analog voice

information.
 First Generation (1G) Mobile System were
designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech

 1G systems are Advanced Mobile Phone System

(AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total
Access Communication System (TACS).

 It is Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access

(FDMA) technology.
Analog cellular
System
 Second Generation(2G) mobile
system
2G digital cellular systems were first developed at the end
of the 1980s.

The second generation of mobile networks with the first

generation of cellular telephones by switching from analogue
to digital.

it is possible to transmit voice and low volume digital data.

 It is Based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
technology.
2G cellular systems include Global system for mobile
communication (GSM) , Digital AMPS ,(D-AMPS),
Personal Digital Communication (PDC), Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.
 Third Generation(3G) Mobile
System
3G mobile systems were first developed at the end of
the 1990s.

3G mobile system are expected to offer high-quality

multi-media services and operate in different
environments.

3G systems promise faster communications services,

including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and
anywhere with seamless global roaming.
3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
(IMT2000) worldwide.

UMTS Main Requirements:

 Multi-media
 Multi-environment
 Multi-operator Virtual operators
 Limitation Of 3G
 Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates.

 Need for continuously increasing data rate and

bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements.

 Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.

 Inability to roam between different services.

 To provide a seamless transport end-to-end mechanism.

 To introduce a better system with reduces.

 Introduction of 4G
 Up to 2010 growth of mobile subscribers will be more than
50%
 Need of higher capacity of networks.
 4G- Fourth generation of mobile and wireless
communications
 Generation to move beyond the problems of 3G
 Driven by services that offer better quality (Voice n Data)
 Convergence of networks
 The high speed of broadband service
 All IP based networks
 Comparison of 4G with 3G
Characteristics 3G (including 2.5G, sub3G) 4G

Major Requirement Driving Predominantly voice driven - data Converged data and voice over IP
Architecture  was always add on
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless
LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and wide
area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

continent (1800-2400 MHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi

Carrier CDMA)
Forward Error Correction Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme

Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-

Smarter Antennas, software
band adapters 
multiband and wideband radios
IP  A number of air link protocols, All IP (IP6.0)
including IP 5.0 
4G Network Hierarchies
 The Goal of 4G
 Interactive Multimedia, Voice, Video Streaming
 High Speed Global Internet Access – 100Mbps (moving),
1Gbps (stationary).
 Service Portability with Scalable Mobile Services
 High Capacity, Low Cost Services
 Improved Information Security
 QoS Enhancements
 Flexibility and Personalized Services
 Seamless Network of Multiple Protocols - 4G must be all-
IP.
 Key 4G
Technologies
 Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)
 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

 Software Defined Radio (SDR)

 Potential Applications of
4G
 Virtual Presence
 Telemedicine

 Virtual Navigation

 Education

 Tele - Geoprocessing Applications

 Crisis-Management Applications
 Recent Trends in
Industry
 NTT DoCoMo- Japan researches.
 Sintel-Intel’s M-WiMax as 4g

 China’s leap forwards 4g

 Samsungs experiments for 4g

 Conclusion
 4G Technologies are expected to provide higher data rates.
 They are expected to give higher security, better services
with low cost.
 Since no standard is fixed there is plenty of room left for
research on issues like interoperability, automatic network
selection etc
 We hope that 4G visions may come true by 2010-2011
THANK YOU