SOLAR ENERGY IN EVAPORATION PROCESS. 1. Sutlovic, R. Budin and V. Filipan Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska e. 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ABSTRACT Essporation process in chemical industry is used for increasing of solution concentration through solvent Sat a grisat energy for solvent, most often water, evaporation ffom solution is. provided by dry sSthurated steam produced in boiler fired by nuatural gas. {$5 paper for certain evaporation process possibilty of providing heat energy, either partly or totally, for Production by solar energy is investigated [Ceeataton is based on mean values of solar radiation for Dalmatian region of Croatia for whole year. Solar 7, rea S calculated for maximal available solar radiation energy i.e. for Hume. Itis calculated that in scl seving is maximal and can be up to 100%, in January fuel saving is bwest bot sal significant -P%. In transition period i varies between these two Values depending on month, DUCTION on process in chemical industry is used for solvent removal from solution, Most usual solvent is Increasing of solution concentration through evaporation process is achieved. by supplying heat {0 solution, Due to great amount of water 1o be evaporated ftom solution these processes are energy fing ones. Heat energy for process is provided by dry saturated steam ftom boi, Boiler can be eed "any fossil fuel, 'on Process consists of one or more evaporators, one separator and one condenser. By introducing wants i evaporation process, steam i, e. beat energy consumption is decreased. In multi-stage Feenio® Process, energy saving i$ obtained by using heat energy from vapour being evaporated frees Fetation in previous stage of evaporation [1] f Consiiered two-siage evaporation process, see Figure 1, increasing of caleaam chloride mss : ton is analysed [1,2]. Boiler is fired by natura! gas. Process parameters are shown in Table |. TABLE | PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR TWO-STAGE EVAPORATION PROCESS [ Taitial mass [Final mass Capacity of | Heat energy for ‘Natural gas | Lsenccniration | concentration | evaporator process. Q | _consunmption, V 8% 30% 2000kghm | 1,14*10°%s/month | 3,856 10%I/month | frmemtie Emesy Conyross Vii WREC 2002) Copyright 2002 Elser Scionce Ld. Allrighisrsacvec Editor AM. SeyghEVAPORATOR Fresh water Vapour ¥ reondensate condensate To boike PRODUCT Condensate Figure 1: Basic two-stage evaporation process SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL Fee that reason solar energy potential is taken into consideration, Dalmatian region of Croatia receives great Feat be ion throuch whole yeer, reaching its maximum in summer period, see Table 2 [3], Solon will be exploited through fat plate solar collectors, Its area is calculated froma Eqn. 1. on the basis of ‘madiation Qeo.r from Table 2. and necessary heat energy Q trom Table 1 8 ‘Coefficient, F=1,25. Fr-elsr collector efficiency, dependant on season (ASHRAE), Table 2. ASF«Q/nc*QSOLAR wo TABLE 2 SOLAR RADIATION, SOLAR COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR COLLECTOR AREA | ls slp 4 le [2/2 B82 | oi on 195 | 291 | 429 | sé 519 | 378 | 228 | 174 os 25 | 23 | 25 | so ae 35 [25 25 Soe 29.2] 196] 133 | 51 549] 15,1] 250 | 328 fresee Enerny Congress Vi (WREC 2002) Copyright 2002 Etsemer Scion Li. Al ahs reserved Eiitor AM. SayighRow.ts of solar collector area calculation, based on Eqn. |., are given in Table 2. These values are various See cach month, For further calculation solar collector area for June is to be chosen, ‘SOLAR ENERGY IMPLEMENTATION IN EVAPORATION PROCESS AND FUEL SAVING As was mentioned in previous section solar collector area for June is chosen. That makes possible to assure 8 required energy for heat energy production by solar radiation instead by natural gas in period of June. In ‘otber period part of solar energy and natural gas will vary. Farther calculation will take into consideration chosen solar collector area Acouecror"2,82¢10'm’, and s=propriate solar energy for each month. On that basis quantity of solar radiation for each month can be heulated from: Qcowscror—Ne* Qsot.ak*Acnitectow/F @ Solar energy mdiated to collector is maximal for June, otherwise is lower, more during winter period, less Gunng summer and transient period. No matter what season is energy demand of evaporation process is seme. Firing natural gas provides the rest of necessary energy in period other than June. Tiss amount of energy provided by natural gas firing ic. natural gas consumption is calculated from Giference between necessary heat energy Q from Table |. and solar energy provided by collector from Eqn. QGas-Q-Qeourecror @ Hence, natural gas consumption to provide the rest of energy demand is: Vaas=Qeas/HTe “ where is: Hower heating valuc of natural gas, Hy-3360%kJ/m’ [4], ‘Je-steam boiler efficiency, 7s=0,88, Foe! saving is then from (4) and for V from Table 1: AV=V-Veas S) Eqn (5) divided by natural gas consumption V gives percentage of fuel saving: AVa=(V-Voas/V 1) All values calculated from Egn. 2. to Eqn. 6. depends on solar energy radiated to solar collector. Values , NOy } Intensity of environmental impact lowering depends on previously calculated fel saving. IRENCES Leites, I. L., Sosna, M. H., Semenov, V. P. (1988). Teorija i praktika himiceskoj energotehnologti, Himija, Moskva, (in Russian). Sutlovie, L; Degiuli, N. (1999). In. Specifie Steam Consumption Lowering in Evaporation Process, Proceedings of Interklima 99, Zagreb... pp. 280-283. Climatic Data (1985). Croatian Meteorological Bulletin. Zageeb. Recknagel, H., Sprenger, E., Schramek, E. R. (1998.). Taschenbuch fuer Heizung und Klima Technik, Oldenbourg, Muenchen. Ww ew pemee encore YOURE 2003 Cony 2002 Chow Sem LAs mare Ethos MAM. Soyh