BF-I/s OPTIMIZING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS USING METEOSAT VI IMAGES A. MAAFI® and B. LOUNIS Solar Instrumentation & Modelling Group/LINS Faculty of Electrical Engineering, USTHB PO Box 32, El-Alia-16111 Algiers, Algeria. (*) Associate Member of AS-ICTP 1 ABSTRACT In this paper, Meteosat VI high definition imagery was used to design stand alone photovoltaic systems. Four numerical images have been processed over a period of 12 months to estimate the hourly and daily values of solar radiation on horizontal plane. The methodology used, GISTEL, on the images of visible channel of Meteosat VL The obiained results are compared to the measurement irradiances done in three meteorological stations in the north and south of Algeria. They showed a good accuracy of the estimation done (RRMSE < 13%). Using a combination of both the hourly estimated data ond the Liu and Jordan correlation, generic hourly isradiances on tilted planes are computed and epplied to size stand alone photovoltaic systems. 2 INTRODUCTION ‘The study of designing of a stand-alone photovoltaic systems ard the way of it's functioning, even the more simple, requires a good knowledge of the distribution of the incident solar irradiation in time as well as in space. The majority of the solar radiation measurements, if they exist, do not work regularly and continually only in important locations. To overcome to this problem, several spatio-temporal models have been developed to generate sequences of data radiation, which have the same statistical characteristics, and applied to the photovoliaic system survey. But most of them are based on measurements data. However, this solntion remains limited precisely in isolated areas where PV systems are very required and pyranometric networks do not exist. Actually, the use of Meteorological satellites data offers a new perspectives for solar radiation since they provide extensive and frequent observations of the earth-atmosphere system. The aim of this study is to design stand alone PV systems using solar data derived from Meteosat VI images. So, we first determine the global solar radiations on horizontal plane. Using a classical model of transposition, these last data are converted into solar radiation on tilted plane and applied to design PV systexs. 3. SATELLIT DATA To carry out this work, a Meteosat VI data bank has been used. Four visible channel images per day have been processed over a period of 12 months, from May 1999 10 April 2000, to estimate the hourly and daily values of available solar radiation in Algeria. An area of 512*312 pixels of @ high resolution image, covering the north of Africa and south of Europe. They arc disseminated from Darmstadt via Meteosat and received to the Meteorological Organization of Algeria in Dar El Beida with a Primary Data User Station (PDUS). To ‘each pixel is affected # numeric account fiom 0 to 255 called Brightness B(],p.d\h), where (J,p) are the sets Renewable Energy Congress VII(WREC 2002) Copyright 2002 Elser Science Lis. All ights reserve. Eadice: AM. SeyichST es SR Sg Ss Oe SERPS TS \ ordinates in the image and (d,h) the day and the hour of image acquisition. 4 METHODOLOGY The purpose is to estimate for each pixel of each available image, the hourly global horizontal irradiation GAl,p,d,h) corresponding to a brightness B;(/,p,d,h) and then compute the daily irradiation G{),p,d) fom several irradiances G(l,pdh). For that , GISTEL Algorithm has been used. The essential sarticularties of this model is the use of clear sky reference and the use of only four images per day [1]. At Sst, We compute two reference images corresponding, for each pixel, to two brighiness Bc(/,p,h) and 3,(/,p,h) which are respectively of the brightness of clear and opaque cloudy sky. Then, each pixel of pven image is compared to two reference brightness to deduce an attenuation coefficient 4j(/,p,d,h) as the ‘ourly global irradiation is given by the following relation [1] : GL p.d.h= Aft p.d.h)- Gell. ph) wo Where Gc is the global solar irradiation celeulated using the clear sky model CSM [2]. To determine the daily total inradiation Gi(7.p.d). the daily itradiation by clear sky Gc(1.p.d) is multiplied 2y the ration of the sum of the four estimated irradiations o the sum of the four computed from clear sky. Next, the irradiations data computed from Meteosat VI images are converted into solar irradiations on tilted plane using a classical model. Previous work conceming the conversation of itradiation on tilted planes bas stown, that the model of Liu and Jordan is the most suitable one for several sites in Algeria [3]. The tilted radiations are processed using a combination of the Liu & Jordan model and the relations deduced from crevious study, established in Algeria [4], giving the diffuse irradiation. Funally, The hourly tilted irradiations have been applied in the optimal sizing method for stand alone PY systems. We use the procedure developed by M. Egido and E. Lorenzo in 1992 [5]. The variations of the PV ray capacity C1 according to the storage capacity Cs are given as follows : Cua SCs" @) Where fand u depend on the Loss of Load Probability LLP and on the location [5] . For each location, the value of f and w arc related with LLP, through the simple regression : { ty + fylog (LLP) wi w= exp(u, ~, LLP) 3 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS. The GISTEL methodology presented above has been applied to compute the hourly and daily horizontal bal itradiation from the images described in the bank section. The study concerned three Algerian sites on stich the ground measurements are available, to know : Algiers (36°43, 3°15), Bechar (31°38 N, 2150) and Tamanrasset (22°48'N, 5°27E). As an example, the evolution of estimated values of daily obal irradiation is presented in figure 1 for Bechar. It shows the capacity of the GISTEL to reconstitute the aural variation of irradiance which will allow the users of energetic systems to have a permanent control on their installations. A\ko, for each studied location, the comparison of the estimated to measurement values f global irradiation shows a good agreement as in figure 2. The Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) = ebout 12% for Algiers [6] and 7% for Bechar and Temanrasset. Consequently, these results allow us to “tify the use of solar radiation assessed from Meteosat images to design a stand alone PV systems. evn Eroy Ouss VI OWREC 206) ony 2002Eer en Ls. Mah vr kor KAM. GahThese last data are converted on a tilted plane using a combination of Liu and Jordan model and the relation. peculiar to each site in order to determine the diffuse radiation. For Algeria, the tilt angle that optimises the radiation during the year is =latitudeof each site. Then, the generated sequences of hourly tilted irradiation have been processed to determine an optimal sizing of a stand alone PV systems. A constant load ‘of 600WHyday profile has been chosen, Average values for each component of PV system are used : 10% for PV array efficiency, 85% for both charge and discharge efficiencies. The various simulations are performed by considering two values of loss of load Probability 1% and 10%. EEELGE am Estimated inradietion ¢ wh/ma? ) rr fay jon jal avg sept et mov dee jan eb mar ape Figure 1: Evolution of the daily estimated irradiation for Bechar The couples (C4,Cs) satisfying to the previous considerations are plotted in figure 3. The isorekability mapped for the studied sites have the same curve as those generated from pyranometric data. In the other hand, the w and f* parameters of the Eqn. 2, for cach site, are gathered in table 1. LLP=0.01 PV-array capacity CA wee wea rr rr ‘Storage capacity Cs ‘Storage capacity CS Figure 3: Reliability map in Algeria from Meteosat VI images In order to analyse the validity of the studied approach, the Eqn. 2 and the coefficients of table 1 are used to sie PV system and their results are compared with those obtained from measurements data, As an example, lets determine the PV system parameters which is installed on the roof of our laboratory in Algiers. This Fb cenonanie Enogy Congress VI (WREC 2002 Capyrgrt 2002EeMer Scence is. Al gts resenee ator AN. Saygh1em, composed of four Sharp PV array (40 Watts power crest, PV array efficiency 17=10%, total PV area 41,51? tilted angle B=lat=36°) and of two batteries (usefial capacity C=1800HA), is eplying a load L=600Wh/day. [t was previously sized using measurement global irradiations for -=I%. [From the table 1, for LLP=1% we obtain the values : fe The values of PV-array capacity C1 and the storage capacity Cs are computed as below : 2663 and u=0,2878 @ c= Sa NM and Can f-Cj"=0,923 6) From the estimated inadiations, the monthly average daily irradiation in Algiers for the worst month December) is Giv=3,393kWh/m? . Hence, the estimated PV-array area A is given as followed : AeC4b 21,632? © Gn ‘We notice a good agreement between the real and estimated PY-array area. The Root Square Exror related to ‘tis estimation is 0,122n?. The difference is due to the underestimation of the global irradiation by GISTEL ‘sethodology. Indeed, the monthly estimated mean irradiation is less than the measured one [6]. But, it ‘mains comparable to the one obtained with another work (7) Tapee | THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS OF EQUATION 2. ® CONCLUSION The methodology described and implemented in this paper is very suitable to size stand alone PV systems ‘br scattered and remote sites where no pyranometric data are available. The use of GISTET. model to timate the global irradiation save the sizer of the introduction of other meteorological parameters. Also, he oaly has (0 use (wo parameters ( wand _f of Egn. 2) to determine the PV system components. The results of szing show a good agreement between the estimated from satellite images and fiom pyranometric data. These results have to be confirmed through the application of this method to other sites. 7 REFERENCES Chaabane, M., Ben Djemaa, A. and Kossentini, A. (1996). Daily and hourly global irradiations in Tunisia extracted from Meteosat Welax images. Solar Energy, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 449-457. 2 CSM, (1981). Meteorological aspects of the utilization of the solar radiation as an energy source. Technical note. WM.O. 172, pp. 87-85. Io eran (Copyright 2002 er Science Lic, Al rghis reserva. dior AM. Say3. Maafi, A. (1994), Tilled surfaces iso-radiation maps for Algeria. Renewable Energy, climate change, Energy and the Environnement. A.A.M. Sayigh Editor, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford (UK), Proceeding 3 WREC, Reading (UK), Part III, pp. 2339-2341. 4. Chikh, M., Masti, A. and Malek, A. (2000). Etablissement d'un modéle mathématique de la itaction diffuse de Tirradiation solzire en Algérie. Revue des Energies Renouvelable : Chemss, p. 75-81. 5. Egidio, M. and lorenzo, E. (1992). The sizing of stand alone PY systems : A review ancl proposed new method. Solar Enerzy Materials and solar cells, Vol. 26, pp. 51-69. 6. Lounis, B. ct Maafi, A. (2000). Traitement des images METEOSAT VI en vue de estimation de irradiation globale pour le site ¢'Alger. First International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEE, Boumerdes, Novembre. 7. Muselli, M., Poggi, P, Notton, G and Louche, A. (1998). Improved procedure for stand-alone photovoltaic systems sizing using meteosat satellite images. Solar Energy, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 429-444. Renewable Enargy Congress Vi (AREC 2002 Copyrisht2002Elsaver Scions Lid. Allights reserved. Eittor AAN. Saygh