ABSTRACT

ON

GRAPHENE ‘A New class of materials’

JITENDER SHARMA
8th SEM
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER
jsmaharshi@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION

Universe can’t be imagined without Carbon “The most important element in nature ” . It is found in
abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. there are several allotropes of
carbon in which mostly known are Diamond, Graphite & Fullerenes. Graphite consists of stacked sheet
of carbon with a hexagonal structure. Diamond is formed under high pressure, which is metastable form
of carbon. Fullerenes are made up of 20 hexagons & 12 pentagons which looks like of soccer ball.

GRAPHENE ‘A new class of materials’

A thin flake of ordinary carbon, just one atom thick, lies behind 2010 year’s Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene is a form of carbon. As a material it is completely new, not only the thinnest ever but also the
strongest. As a conductor of electricity it performs as well as copper. As a conductor of heat it
outperforms all other known materials. It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even
helium, the smallest gas atom, can pass through it. Carbon, the basis of all known life on earth, has
surprised us once again.

Two- dimensional (2D) crystalline materials have recently been identified and analyzed. The first
material in this new class is graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon. This new material has a number
of unique properties, which makes it interesting for both fundamental studies and future applications.
It is a transparent conductor which is one atom thin. Graphene has a number of remarkable mechanical
and electrical properties. It is substantially stronger than steel, and it is very stretchable. The thermal and
electrical conductivity is very high and it can be used as a flexible conductor.

APPLICATION

1. Due to high mobility it is used at very high frequencies.

2. Walls of Nanotubes are made of Graphene.
3. In flexible electronic devices.
4. Fabrication of great strength & light weight materials.
5. Fabrication of Single Electron Transistor & other semiconductor components.
6. Due to transparent conductor properties used in touch screens, light panels & solar cells.