INDEKS HARGA

PRICE INDEX
INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA
Nota Keterangan
1. Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) mengukur
perubahan peratus kos pembelian
mengikut masa bagi bakul tetap
barangan dan perkhidmatan yang
mewakili corak purata pembelian oleh
sekumpulan penduduk pada sesuatu
tempoh masa yang ditetapkan. IHP dikira
berdasarkan standard dan prosedur yang
diterima pakai di peringkat antarabangsa;
menggunakan formula Laspeyres.
2. IHP yang dinyatakan dalam tahun asas
1967 = 100, merujuk kepada indeks bagi
Semenanjung Malaysia. Manakala
indeks bagi tahun 1980 dan seterusnya
merujuk kepada indeks bagi Malaysia.
3. Sebelum tahun 2006, item dalam bakul
barangan dan perkhidmatan IHP
dikelaskan berpandu kepada
Classification of Household Goods and
Services (CHGS) dengan sembilan
kumpulan utama seperti berikut:
● Makanan
● Minuman dan Tembakau
● Pakaian dan Kasut
● Sewa Kasar, Bahan Api dan Kuasa
● Perabot, Hiasan Dalaman &
Peralatan dan Pengendalian Rumah
• Perbelanjaan Rawatan Perubatan
dan Kesihatan
● Pengangkutan dan Perhubungan
● Perkhidmatan Rekreasi, Hiburan,
Pelajaran dan Kebudayaan
● Pelbagai Barang dan Perkhidmatan
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CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
Explanatory Notes
1. The Consumer Price Index (CPI)
measures the percentage change
through time in the cost of purchasing a
constant basket of goods and services
representing the average pattern of
purchases made by a particular
population group in a specified time
period. CPI is calculated based on the
international standard and procedures;
known as the Laspeyres formula.
2. CPI expressed for base year 1967 = 100,
was the index for Peninsular Malaysia.
While the index for the year 1980
onwards refers to Malaysia.
3. Prior to 2006, the items in this basket of
goods and services were classified
according to Classification of Household
Goods & Services (CHGS) with nine
main groups as follows:
● Food
● Beverages and Tobacco
● Clothing and Footwear
● Gross Rent, Fuel & Power
● Furniture, Furnishing & Household
Equipment and Operation
• Medical Care and Health Expenses
● Transport and Communication
● Recreation, Entertainment, Education
and Cultural Services
● Miscellaneous Goods and Services
4. Manakala bermula pada Januari 2006, 4. Whereas commencing from January
item dalam bakul barangan IHP 2006, the items are classified based on
dikelaskan berpandu kepada Classification of Individual Consumption
Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) in the
According to Purpose (COICOP) following twelve main groups:
dengan dua belas kumpulan utama
seperti berikut:
● Makanan dan Minuman Bukan ● Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Beralkohol ● Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco
● Minuman Beralkohol dan Tembakau ● Clothing and Footwear
● Pakaian dan Kasut ● Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and
● Perumahan, Air, Elektrik, Gas dan Other Fuels
Bahan Api Lain ● Furnishing, Household Equipment and
● Hiasan, Perkakasan dan Routine Household Maintenance
Penyelenggaraan Isi Rumah ● Health
● Kesihatan ● Transport
● Pengangkutan ● Communication
● Komunikasi ● Recreation Services and Culture
● Perkhidmatan Rekreasi dan ● Education
Kebudayaan ● Restaurants and Hotels
● Pendidikan ● Miscellaneous Goods and Services
● Restoran dan Hotel
● Pelbagai Barangan dan
Perkhidmatan

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JADUAL 5.1 : INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA (2000 = 100) MENGIKUT KUMPULAN UTAMA, 1980 – 2005, MALAYSIA
Table 5.1 : Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100) by Main Groups, 1980 – 2005, Malaysia

Kumpulan/Group
Tahun Jumlah Makanan Minuman Pakaian Sewa Perabot, Perbe- Pengang- Perkhid- Pelbagai
Year Total Food & & kasar, hiasan lanjaan kutan & matan barang
tembakau kasut bahan dalaman rawatan perhubun- rekreasi, &
Beverages Clothing api dan & per- perubatan gan hiburan, perkhid-
& & kuasa alatan & & Transport pelajaran matan
tobacco footwear Gross pengen- kesihatan & commu- & ke- Miscella-
rent,fuel dalian Medical nications budayaan neous
and rumah care & Recreation, goods &
power Furniture, health entertain- services
furnishings expenses ment, edu-
& house- cation &
hold equip- cultural
ment & services
operation

Wajaran
Weights
(2000 = 100) 100.0 33.8 3.1 3.4 22.4 5.3 1.8 18.8 5.9 5.5

1980 51.2 45.4 32.7 74.7 55.0 66.5 47.3 51.5 75.3 55.4

1981 56.2 50.6 37.1 80.9 60.4 70.6 51.4 55.7 79.3 60.4

1982 59.4 54.5 39.5 84.2 64.3 72.7 54.2 57.7 81.3 61.9

1983 61.6 54.9 47.8 87.3 68.7 74.6 60.7 59.3 80.9 65.6
1984 63.8 56.8 49.4 89.1 73.4 75.3 61.5 62.0 79.1 66.4

1985 64.1 55.4 49.9 90.1 76.3 75.4 63.1 63.4 78.2 66.4

1986 64.4 55.6 50.7 90.5 77.0 75.8 64.0 63.5 78.5 67.2
1987 64.9 55.3 54.3 91.0 76.5 76.8 64.5 65.3 80.3 68.1
1988 66.6 57.3 55.1 92.8 75.0 79.0 65.5 69.7 81.5 69.4

1989 68.5 59.5 55.9 94.4 74.4 81.1 66.5 74.4 82.0 71.2

1990 70.6 62.0 57.8 96.0 74.6 82.7 68.3 78.2 82.7 73.3
1991 73.6 65.0 62.3 102.0 76.9 86.4 71.9 81.5 84.9 75.9

1992 77.1 69.2 67.6 105.0 79.7 88.7 74.5 85.1 87.4 77.6

1993 79.9 70.8 77.7 105.5 82.5 89.9 78.2 89.8 87.8 79.7
1994 83.0 75.0 81.7 104.6 84.5 91.4 81.4 93.8 88.6 81.8
1995 85.9 78.6 83.7 104.5 87.3 93.9 83.9 95.6 90.9 85.5
1996 88.9 83.2 85.5 103.8 90.1 95.0 87.0 96.9 93.9 87.4
1997 91.1 86.4 86.5 103.3 93.0 95.1 89.9 97.5 94.2 91.3

1998 95.8 93.8 90.1 103.9 97.0 98.7 95.1 97.5 97.0 97.6
1999 98.5 98.1 97.2 101.8 98.6 100.0 98.0 98.0 99.5 99.1

2000 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2001 101.4 100.7 104.8 97.4 101.4 100.1 102.9 103.6 99.9 100.7
2002 103.2 101.4 109.2 95.2 102.1 99.7 105.4 110.4 100.1 101.8
2003 104.4 102.7 111.0 93.3 103.0 99.1 107.2 112.2 100.7 103.1

2004 105.9 105.0 119.7 91.6 104.0 99.5 108.7 113.1 100.6 105.0
2005 109.1 108.8 132.3 90.7 105.2 101.5 110.4 118.1 101.1 107.5

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JADUAL 5.2 : INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA (2005 = 100) MENGIKUT KUMPULAN UTAMA, 2003 – 2009, MALAYSIA
Table 5.2 : Consumer Price Index (2005 = 100) by Main Groups, 2003 – 2009, Malaysia

Kumpulan/Group
Tahun Jumlah Makan- Minum- Pakai- Perumah- Hiasan, Kesihat- Pengang- Komuni- Perkhid- Pendidi- Resto- Pelbagai
Year Total an dan an an & an, Air, Perkakas- an kutan kasi matan kan ran dan barang
Minum- Alkohol kasut Elektrik, an dan Health Transport Commu- rekreasi, Education Hotel &
an & temba- Clothing Gas dan penyeleng- nication dan ke- Restau- perkhid-
Bukan kau & Bahan garaan budayaan rant and matan
Alkohol Alcoholic foot- Api Lain Isi rumah Recrea- Hotel Miscella-
Food & Bevera- wear Housing Furnishings, tion, neous
Non ges Water, Household services goods &
Alkohol & tobacco Electricity, Equipment & culture services
Bevera- Gas and and routine
ges other fuels Household
mainte-
nance

Wajaran
Weights
(2005=100) 100.0 31.4 1.9 3.1 21.4 4.3 1.4 15.9 5.1 4.6 1.9 3.0 6.0

2003 95.7 94.4 79.0 102.9 97.9 98.3 97.0 93.4 99.3 100.8 96.9 95.0 97.4

2004 97.1 96.4 87.8 101.0 98.8 98.7 98.3 94.1 100.0 99.9 98.2 96.6 98.7

2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2006 103.6 103.4 106.9 98.7 101.5 101.1 102.1 111.0 98.6 100.7 101.6 103.7 102.2

2007 105.7 106.5 115.2 97.3 102.8 102.2 103.7 113.6 97.4 102.1 103.4 107.5 103.2

2008 111.4 115.9 123.6 96.8 104.4 105.3 106.0 123.6 96.8 103.9 105.8 114.6 106.6

2009 112.1 120.7 131.1 95.9 105.9 108.4 108.4 112.0 96.3 105.5 108.3 117.9 110.6

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