nrhk!

;fe;j\h;j;jp rp]yapd; totikg;g[

(The Iconography of Somāskanda Mūrti - by A. Vēlusamy Suthanthiran)

\yf; fl;Liu M';fpyj;jpy; : ntY!;thkp Rje;jpud;

jkpH; bkhHp bgau;g;g[ : rhe;jpg;gpupah

( nrj_1945@yahoo.com )

nrhk!;fe;j\h;j;jpapd; totikg;g[f; Fwpj;Jg; gy th;z]dfs;

cs;sd. rptd;-ghu;tjpapd; ike;jdhd KUfd;/ xU FHe;ij
totpy; mth;fSf;F eLtpy; mkh;e;j ep]yapy; ,Uf;Fk; rp]y
mikg;g[ xU FLk;gj;jpw;F xU FHe;ij mtrpak; ntz;Lk; vd;w
jj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fk; Kiwapy; mike;J cs;sJ. kfpH;rpfukhd
FLk;gj;jpw;F FHe;ij xd;W njit vd;W g[wehEhW kw;Wk;
jpUf;Fws; nghd;w Ehy;fspy; Twg;gl;L cs;sJ. rkp!;fpUj Ehyhd
…mtd;jp Re;jup fjh rhuh… vd;gjpYk; me;j fUj;J btspg;gLj;jg;gl;L
cs;sJ. gy;yt kd;dd; ,uh$rpk;kdpd; k]dtpahdts;
nrhk!;fe;jhpd; rpj;jpuj;ijf; xUKiw fz;lbghGJ !;fe;j]dg;
nghd;nw xU mHfhd FHe;ij jdf;Fg; gpwf;f ntz;Lk; vd
bja;tj;jplk; gpuhu;j;j]d bra;J bfhz;lhshk;.
,d;bdhU fUj;jpd;go me;j totikg;g[ rj;/ rpj;/ Mde;jk; vd;w
\d;W ep]yf]sf; Fwpg;gjhft[k;/ rptd;/ ghh;tjp/ KUfd; \tUk;
nrhk!;fe;j\h;j;jp
,r;rh rf;jp/ fpupah rf;jp kw;Wk; "hd rf;jpia btspg;gLj;Jk;
njhw;w';f]sj; jUtjhft[k; cs;sd vdt[k; bjuptpf;fpd;wJ.
(itj;jpayp';fk;-1980-90). KUff; FHe;ija[ld njhw;wk; jUk;
rptDk; ghu;tjpa[k; cyfj;jpy; cs;s bgw;nwhh;fspd; ep]yia vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. (ehf!;thkp -1983-100). Fkhurk;gtk; vd;w
mw;g[jkhd fhtpaj;ij ,aw;wpa fhspjh!d;/ cyfj;jpw;nf
bgw;nwhh;f]sg; nghy (b$fj; FU) ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; me;j
njhw;wj;ij jUfpd;wdh; vd;W vGjpa[s;shh;. FkhuFUguu; jd;Dila
Ehyhd gpwg;ghd; jpul;L vd;gjpy; me;j \d;W cUt';fs; rj;t/
jk!; kw;Wk; uh$!; vd;w \d;W Fz';f]sa[k; Fwpg;gjhf vGjp
cs;shh;. vg;gonah nrhk!;fe;j\h;j;jpapd; rp]y mikg;g[ rptd;-ghu;tjpd; mk;rkhf cs;s KUfdpd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; mike;J cs;sJ.
 nrhk!;fe;j rp]y totikg;gpd; jj;Jt';fs;

,Jtiuf; fpilj;Js;s m]dj;J fw;rpw;g';fSk;/ nrhk!;fe;jd; jd; iffspy; xU kyu; bfhj;ij

itj;Jf; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; tifapyhd xnu xU njhw;wj;jpy;jhd; cs;sd. ,uh$rpk;kdpd;
fhyj;jpa rpw;g';fspy; KUfdpd;; j]yapy; Kz;lhR fl;o cs;sJ nghyt[k; mjd; kPJ vnjh xU
fpuPlj;ij itj;Jf; bfhz;L cs;sijg; nghyt[k; totikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; fuh kw;Wk;
kfu Fz;ly';f]sa[k; fhjpy; nghl;Lf; bfhz;Ls;sJ bjhpfpd;wJ.
khky;yg[f; nfhtpy; rpw;g';fspy; mth; mku;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ep]yapyhd tot';fns
brJf;fg;gl;L cs;sd. mtUila cly; mikg;g[k; KfKk; bjspthf xU FHe;ijapd;
Kfghtj;ijna fhl;Lfpd;wJ. bew;wpapy; cs;s mzpfyd;fs;; gsPh; vdj; bjhpa[k;go
brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fuz;l kFlk; ( j]yKo) ed;F gpd;dg;gl;L cs;sJ. rYthd;Fg;gk; Fiff;
nfhtpypy; cs;s #z;Kfupd; ,uz;L iffSk; njhs;gl;iltiu cah;e;J cs;sJ. Mdhy;
mtUila iffspy; vd;d itj;Jf; bfhz;L cs;shh; vd;gJ bjhpatpy;]y.
fh";rpg[uk; Fkuf;nfhl;l Myaj;jpy; nrhk!;fe;jd; totikg;gpd;; rpy gFjpfs;;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ( yhf;t[l;/ rpnuhkzp/ jahde;jd; 1974-29 ). miw vz; 41 y; cs;s tiu glk;
mw;g[jkhf cs;sJ ( rptuhk \u;j;jp-1968-65). m';Fs;s FHe;ij totpyhd Fkud; totk;
fs';fk; ,y;yh Kfj;ijf; bfhz;Ls;sijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. rpd;d rpd;d mstpyhd j]yKofs;
mth; j]y kPJ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jhapd; koapy; mku;e;jgo Mde;jkhf jdDila je;ijia
nehf;fpf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;whh;.

nrhHh;fs; fhyk;

nrhHfhyj;ijr; nrh;e;j gpj;j]s cnyhf';fspy;; brJf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;j nrhk!;fe;j\h;j;jpapd; tot

mikg;g[f;fs; ve;j mst[ f]y Eqf;fkhf mit bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf
cs;sd. mtw;wpy; cs;s totikg;g[f;fs; !;fe;j]d epd;w ep]yapYk;/ cl;fhh;e;j ep]yapYk; kw;Wk;
eldkhLk; totj;jpYk; fhl;oago cs;sd. nrhHfhyj;J Mya';fspy; kpfr; rpwg;ghdJ
gy;ytdP!;tuj;jpy; cs;s gy;ytdP!;tu!;thkp MFk;. me;jg; bganu mJ gy;yth; fhyj;ij
rhu;e;j Myak; vd;gijj; bjhptpf;fpd;wJ. gy;yth;fs; fhyk; Kjy; nrhH fhyk; tiu gpj;j]s
cnyhfj;jpy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;s nrhk!;fe;jdpd; totikg;g[f;fs; 9 Mk; Ehw;whz;o]dr; nrh;e;j
nrhHh;fspd; f]y tz;zj;jpy; cs;sd. mitfspy; rpt-ghu;tjp ,ilna cl;fhh;e;Js;s !;fe;jd;
vnjh nah$]dapy; MH;e;jgo jd;]d kwe;j ep]yapy; cs;sJ nghyf; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;. mJ gy;yth;
fhyj;J nrh!;fe;jhpd; rp]y totikg;g[f;fSld; xj;J cs;sJ. ( rptuhk\h;j;jp- 1963-58)
!;fe;jdpd; fhJf]s gj;jpu Fz;ly';fs; my';fhpf;fpd;wd. bew;wpapy; cs;s mzpfy';fs;
xt;xUtUila ftdj;ija[k; ,Gf;Fk; tifapy; mike;J cs;sd. tyJ ifapy; jhkiug; g{it
itj;jpUf;f ,lJ if tuhj Kj;jpiuj; njhw;wj;ij gpujpgypj;jgo cs;sJ. fGj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;
mzpfy';fs; mw;g[jkhd totj;Jld; Jy;ypakhd f]yEqf;fj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;;
mike;J cs;sd. fz;fs; nky; nehf;fpg; ghh;j;jtz;zk; ,Uf;f/ nfha[iufs;/ jz;il ( bfhYR)
kw;Wk; fqf;ifapy; cs;s mzpfy';fSk; f]yeak; kpFe;J fk;gPukhf fhl;rp jUk; tifapy;
totikf;fg;gl;L cs;sd.
950 Mk; Mz;il rhh;e;j jpUj;Jiug;g{z;oapy; cs;s tujkhd!;tuu; Myaj;jpy; cs;s
nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; !;fe;jd;; jdJ fhy;f]s klf;fp itj;Jf; bfhz;lgo fhl;rp jUfpd;whh;.
rd;dtPuhita[k; ( xUtpj mzpfyd; )/ g{kh]yiaa[k; fGj;jpy; mzpe;J bfhz;L xU ifahy;
flf Kj;jpiu rpd;dj;ija[k;/ kW ifapdhy; tuhj Kj;jpiu rpd;dj;ija[k; fhl;oago cs;shh;.
rptg[uhzj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; nrhk!;fe;jd; gj;jhk; Ehw;whz;od; kj;jpag; gFjpia nrh;e;jth;. mjpy;
cs;s !;fe;jd; cz;ikapnyna ituk; nghd;W b$hypj;jthW mw;g[jkhf fhl;rp jUfpd;whh;. mjpy;
cs;s totikg;g[ kpft[k; Eqf;fkhf bra;ag;gl;L cs;sd. xt;xU m';fj;jpYk; neh;j;jpahd f]y
eak;; btspg;gLfpd;wJ. bkhj;jj;jpy; eldkhLk; totpy; mike;Js;s \h;j;jpapd; totk; brhy;y
Koahj mst[ mHF brhl;Lk; mjpmw;g[jkhd totikg;gpy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUnt';fhl;oy;
cs;s !;ntjdhuP!;tuu; Myaj;jpy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jdpd; totk; kpft[k;
trPfukhf cs;sJ. epd;wgo cs;s ep]yapy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjd; j]yapy; fhzg;gLk; fuz;l
kFlKk;/ fpd;fpzpfs; ml';fpa xl;oahzKk; etehfuPfkhd njhw;wj;jpy; kdij ms;Sk; tpjj;jpy;
bra;ag;gl;L cs;sJ.
j";rht{upy; ep?upy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j rp]y; 11 Mk; Ehw;whz;il nrh;e;jJ. FHe;ij KUfdpd;
mHF mjpy; tptupf;fnt ,ayhj mst[ f]y Eqf;fj;JlDk;/ fk;gPukhd njhw;wj;JlDk;
mikf;fg;gl;oUf;f fuz;l kFlk;/ fhjzpfs;/ bef;fpyh!; ( fGj;jpy; mzpa[k; eif )/ rd;dtpuh/
xl;oahzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,Ug[wKk; bjhiltiu bjh';Fk; F";ry';fs;/ ghjru!; nghd;w
mzpfyd;fs; mjd; mHFf;F ,d;Dk; mHF nrh;f;Fk; Kiwapy; mike;Js;sJ.
12 Mk; Ehw;whz;ilr; nrh;e;j itjP!;tud; nfhtpypy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;jdpy; !;fe;jd; jdJ
tyJ fh]yj; Jhf;fp itj;jgoa[k;/ ,lJ ifia ePl;of; bfhz;L ,Ue;jgoa[k; cs;s ehl;oa
nfhyj;jpy; cs;shh;. tyJ ifapy; kyh; ,Uf;f/ nfrkFl mikg;gpy; j]y Ko fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 12
Mk; Ehw;whz;ilr; nrh;e;j j";rht{h; ntYh; va;Utiu (Vēllur-airuverai) Myaj;jpy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j
rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jdpd; tyJ if mga nfhyj;ij fhl;Lk; Kiwapy; ePl;of; bfhz;Lk;/ ,lJ
if tuhj nfhyj;jp]d fhl;Lk; fhl;rpapYk; mikf;fg;gl;L cs;sd. tpf;nlhupah mU';fhl;rpafj;jpy;
cs;s 13 Mk; Ehw;whz;il nrh;e;j nrhk!;fe;jdpy; !;fe;j totk;; rkg';f nfhyj;jpy; fu';fspy;
kyh;f]s ve;jpago fhl;rpjUk; mikg;gpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. me;j fhl;rpaikg;g[ kpft[k; neh;j;jpahf
f]ytz;zk; rpwe;J tps';Fk; tifapYk; bra;ag;gl;L cs;sJ.
mnj 13 Mk; Ehw;whz;il nrh;e;j Fd;dhz;lhh; (Kunnandar Kovil) Myaj;jpy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j
rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jd; fu';fspy; kyu;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. j]yia $ilKo my';fupf;fpd;wJ.
g';fhy; (Pangal) Myaj;jpy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; !;fe;jdpd; ,U fu';fSk; ePz;L ,Uf;f
,lJ fhy; neuhft[k; tyJ fhy; rw;nw Kd; nehf;fp t]se;J cs;s ep]yapYk; mike;J cs;sJ.
jpy;]yaho (Tillaiyadi) nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jd; iffspy; kyh;fs; cs;sd. fhy;fs; rJu
njhw;wj;jpy; fhl;rp jUfpd;wJ. ,uhkde;jP!;tuh Myaj;jpy; (Ramanandīsvara) cs;s nrhk!;fe;j
rp]yapy; !;fe;jDila tyJ ifapy; xU kyh; ,Uf;f/ ,lJ if fPH; nehf;fp ePz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
jpUg;gh]da{h; brse;juP!;tuu; Myak; kw;Wk; Flthry; nfhzP!;tuu; (Kōnēśvara) Myaj;jpy; cs;s
nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jd; gj;khrdf; fhl;rpapy; cl;fhu;e;J bfhz;L iffspy; kyh;f]s
Ve;jpago cs;shh;. jpUts;spk]y (Tiruvīlimilalai) Myaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; KUfd; tpj;jpahrkhd
nfhyj;jpy; cs;shh;. tyJ if flhf Kj;jpiuia fhl;oagoa[k; ,lJ if nkny Jhf;fp
itj;jgoa[k; cs;sJ. tyJ fhy; vnjh a[j;jj;jpw;F fpsk;g[tu; nghd;w njhw;wj;jpy; mike;J ,Uf;f
fhJf]s gj;jpuFz;ly';fs; my';fupf;fpd;wd. ghz;oah; fhyj;J rp]yfspy; kpf mw;g[jkhdit
jpUg;guk;Fd;wk; (Tirupparankunram) kw;Wk; jpUg;gh';fpyp (Tiruppangili) Mya';fspy; cs;sd.
(Vfhk;guehjd; 1984-78 )
tp$a efu fhyj;jpYk; epiwa gpj;j]s cnyhfj;jpyhd rp]yfs; bra;ag;gl;L cs;sd. 1913 Mk;
Mz;L bey;Yupy; fpilj;j rpw;gj;jpd; f]yeak; mJ tp$aefu fhyj;ij xl;oaJ vd;gijj; bjspt[
gLj;jpaJ. ( f';bfhyp 1915-125). mjpy; !;fe;jd; jd; fu';fspy; kyu;f]s Ve;jpatz;zk; epd;w
nfhyj;jpy; fhl;rp jUfpd;whh;. nQhNupy; cs;s rpw;gj;jpy;; !;fe;jd; khL xd;wpd; kPJ rha;e;J
epd;wgo fLuh njhw;wj;jp]df; fhl;oago cs;shh;. tp$aefu rpw;g';fspy; cs;s fuz;l kFlk; mjpf
ePskhf cs;sJ. Mguz';fSk; epiwant cs;sd.
cjahh;gh]sak; bfhY\h; (Kolumur) Myaj;jpy; cs;s nrhk!;fe;j rp]yapy; cs;s !;fe;jd;dpd;
j]y tpupe;j nfhyj;jpYk; Mdhy; kh]yfSk; fhjzpfSk; mw;g[jkhd njhw;wk; jUk; tifapYk;
bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. fs;spilf;Fwpr;rp nrhkhd;jh; Myaj;jpy; (Somandarkovil) cs;s !;fe;jd; rp]yapy;
mth; Kd;dhy; bjupa[k;go ,uz;L fhy;f]sa[k; xnu khjpupahf itj;Jf; bfhz;L cs;shh;.
jpUf;Fuyj;jpy; cs;s F;uydhj!;thkp (Kurralanatasvamin) Myaj;jpy; cs;s !;fe;jd; ,lJ fh]y
koj;J Mrdk; nghy itj;jpUe;Jk;/ tyJ fhy; Fl;Fofh!d njhw;wj;jpYk; ,Uf;ifapy/; j]y
my';fhuk; FupjKFl (kurīţa makuţa) njhw;wj;jpy; bra;ag;gl;L cs;sJ.

fy;btl;Lf;fspy; nrhk!;fe;jd;

rYthd;Fg;gj;jpy; cs;s mjpuhdfhz;lh (Atirannaccanda) Myaj;jpy; cs;s ghiwfspy; cs;s

fy;btl;Lf;fspy; rpt]d gRgjp vd;Wk/; ghu;tjpia k]ykfs; vd;Wk;/ !;fe;j]d FQh vd;Wk;
Twg;gl;Lcs;sJ bjupfpd;wJ. ,uh$hjpuh$ nrhHdpd; ckh !;fe;j rhQpj;jpaj;jpYk; ,t;thnw
Twg;gl;L cs;sJ.

mfk';fspy; nrhk!;fe;jd;

|jj;tepjp vd;w Ehy; nrhk!;fe;jdpy; cs;s KUfd; ,uz;L iff]s cila FHe;ijahft[k;
gj;ikhf;f]s itj;Js;sgoa[k; ,Uf;;f ntz;Lk; vd;W TWfpd;wJ. fh#;ag rpy;g rh!;jpuk; cl;fhu
ntz;oa Kiw / epw;Fk; bghGJ / ehl;oak; MLk; bghGJ ,Uf;f ntz;oa ghtk;
Kjypatw;iw tpsf;fpf; TWfpd;wJ. rp]y epu;thz nfhyj;jpy; rd;dtpuhit ( $l;o nghd;wJ )
mzpe;J bfhz;L ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,lJ ifapy; gH';f]s itj;Jf; bfhz;L/ tuhj
Kj;jpiuiaa[k;/ tyJ if Rfp Kj;jpuhita[k; fhl;oatz;zk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. rpy;guj;jpdh
vd;w Ehypd;go ,uz;L iffspy; xd;wpy; g{f;f]sa[k; my;yJ ,lJ if tuhj Kj;jpiua[lDk;/
tyJ if g[j;jf';f]s Ve;jpagoa[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;wJ. mjpy; vg;go mku ntz;Lk;/
epw;f ntz;Lk;/ ehl;oaj; njhw;wk; vJ vd;Wk; tptupf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. ehl;oak; MLifapy; ,lJ
ifapy; gHj;ij itj;Jf; bfhz;L/ tyJ if Rfp Kj;jpiuj; njhw;wj;ijj; je;jgo ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;wJ. buhtutfhkh (Rauravāgama) vd;w Ehy; fuz;l kFlk; kw;Wk; g{f;f]sg; gw;wp
tpsf;fpf; TWfpd;wJ. mjpYk; vg;go mku ntz;Lk;/ epw;f ntz;Lk;/ ehl;oaj; njhw;wk; vJ vd;Wk;
tptupf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ.
,yf;fpa';fspy; nrhk!;fe;jd;

rptd;-ghu;tjpf;F ,ilna mkh;e;Js;s !;fe;j]d Fkhunty; vd;W fe;jg[uhzj;jpy; Twg;gl;L

cs;sJ. mJ kl;Lk; my;yhJ mJ rptd;-ghuptjpapd; njhw;w';f]s ,ut[k; gfYk; nghd;wJ vdt[k;/
!;fe;jdpd; ep]y; ,U fhyfl;lkhf khWk; neukhd kh]yiag; nghd;wJ vdf;Twp cs;sJ.
FkhuFUguupd; gpwg;ghd; jpul;oy; nrhk!;fe;jdpy; fhzg;gLk; Fku]d efpyk;Fytp/ mjhtJ
FHe;ij vd;W TwpaJ. Fkhu kiwik vd;w gilg;gpy; !;fe;j]d kl]y vd;W Twpg;gplg;gl;L
cs;sJ. ,it m]dj;jpYk; ,Ue;J nrhk!;fe;jdpd; totj;jpy;fhzg;gLk; !;fe;jDf;F cs;s
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; g[upfpd;wJ.