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Vol.3,
Vol.2,No.7, Wednesday,
No.18, February
Wednesday, - 16,2010
May - 19, 2011
around myanmar 15
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(taemf&xmacwf) 'kwd,jrefrmEkdifiHawmf &d&S if;pJG wkid ;f (7)wkd
(bk&ifhaemifacwf)? wwd,jrefrmEkdifiHawmf cktjzpfvnf; aumif;? &dS
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í jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwf? yifvpkH w d "f mwf? trsK;d trsm
om;pnf;vk;H nDñw G af &;? trsK;d om;oifjh rwfa&; wkdif;a'oBuD;wpfc
odkh jzwfzdkYvdkygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefu jrihrf m;vmatmif vTwaf wmftwGi;f u jy|mef;xm;wJh Oya'pum;vH;k ponfjzifh EkdifiHa&;t& rnfokdYcGJjcm;wifpm;í jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\t
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jrefrmydkhpf*sme,f cifAsm; rsm;ukd a&G;cs,w f aJh e&mrSm ygwDu Ny/D Mu&ygbl;/ 'Dhtjyif Oya'qkdwm jynfaxmifpkaeh odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwG
&ufpJG csjyvkdufwJh vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;csif;ukd vlYtcGihfta&;pHEIef;rsm; jrihf rjzpfEidk w f t hJ &mukd twif;tusyf trsK;d om;a&;OD;wnfcsuif g;&yfjzifh 2011 om;rsm;\qE´&,lNyD;
2011 ckEpS f azazmf0g&Dv(7)&uf yif rJqE´ay;&wJph epfyg/ tckygwDpkH rm;vma&;ESihf Oya'jyKu@[m rapckdif;&ygbl;/ jynfot l rsm;&JU ckESpf azazmf0g&D 12 &uf (64) ESpfajrmufjynf ajymif;vJowfrSwf&rnf
'DtywfrSmawmh uRefawmf 'Dru kd a&pDpepfudk tajccHwhJ vTwf qufpyfaeygw,f/Ekid if &H UJ wnfqJ aumif;pm;a&;[m tBu;D qH;k Oya' axmifpak eYusi;f yonft h csed o f nf jrefrmEkid if \ H «yk'fr-9 (*)»
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odwt hJ wkid ;f yxrtBurd f jynfoYl ta&G;cs,cf MH uygNy/D 'Dvykd gyJ 'kw, d &Syd gw,f/ vufawGUtuJjzwfcsuf jy|mef;&ygr,f/ jynfov l xl tk ay: zGHUNzdK;a&;? urÇmhtv,fü jrefrmEkdifiHacwfrDwkd; tkycf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;p
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pm;vS,rf sm;? wyfrawmfom;vTwf onfukd trSeftrSwftom; (Â) Oya'qkw d m w&m;rQwrIudk tajccH xifjrifygw,f/ av;pm;vsuf ESpfcsufyg&dSonfudk avhvmawGU&Sd&onf/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe
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wufa&mufcw hJ hJ vTwaf wmftpnf; ay;cJhNyD;ygNyD/ ,SOfNydKifa&G;cs,frIukd ajym&&ifyJ Oya'qkw d m t"dymÜ ,f acwÅpnfyif{nfU&dyfom? Ekid if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzifh zJUG pnf; owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;aMu
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u uRefawmfwkdY ajymqkdaewJh tpaumif;jcif;yJr[kwv f m;/wpfck
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ukd jyefvnfowd&rdygw,f/Ekid if H
a&;ygwDrsm;? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk
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rSwfxm;aMumif; od&onf/ (yk'fr 347)
Ekid if aH wmfonfjynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrm
EkdifiHom;rsm;\
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awGUqHak qG;aEG;rIudk vTwaf wmft tpnf ; ta0;usif ; yzd k Y q k d w mu rsm;vnf; b,fvkd&SdovJqdkonfhtcsuf Zmwd? udk;uG,f&mbmom? &mxl;XmeEÅ&? aqmiftrsK;d orD;rsm;onfOya't&owfrw S f jy|mef;x
cif;tusi;f rSm jrifawGU&ygNy/D Ekid if H awmh b,fvrkd S jzpfEidk w f u hJ pd rö [kwf rsm;udv k nf; jynfot l rsm;updw0f ifwpm; tqifhtwef;? ,Ofaus;rI? trsKd;om; trsKd; xm;aomoufqdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;udk
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rsm;ukd tajz&SmEkid w f ahJ e&m? Ekid if H vT w f a wmf E k d i f i H a &;qk d w m rsm;\rlvtcGit hf a&;rsm;onf Ekid if w H um cG J j cm;rI r &S d a p&[k owf r S w f j y|mef ; xm; xm;aMumif; od&onf/ (yk'fr 351) w&m;O
&JU Ekid if aH &;ukd tjrihrf m;qH;k aqmif ,aeYpdefac:aewJh EkdifiH&JU taxG enf;wltjynft h 0&Sad Mumif; wm0ef&o dS rl sm; aMumif; od&onf/ (yk'fr 348) a&G;cs,fcefhxm;jcif; ,ma&;
&GuEf idk w f v hJ w
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Y m;&m tusK;d iS
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toGiu f ;l ajymif;wJh Eke,fwu hJ mv &Smjcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk w&m; aMumif; od&onf/ xrf;aqmifrt I vkyv f yk u
f ikd rf ?I ukeo
f ,
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vkyfr,fqkd&if vufawGUusrSmr azGwJhae&mrSm vTwfawmfukd,fpm; EkdifiHom;jzpfjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í owf twwfynmESifhtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI? awmf\ rnfonfEh idk if o H m;udrk Q vlrsK;d ? Zmwd? xifjrif,
[kwfbl;/ tm&SEkdifiHawGjzpfwhJ vS,frsm;&JUwm0ef[m BuD;rm;yg rSwjf y|mef;csu&f o dS nf/ jynfaxmifpo k r®w 0dZÆmynm? odyÜHynmESifh enf;ynm&yfrsm; udk;uG,f&mbmom? omoem? trsKd;om;? ajymqdck G
awmifu&dk ;D ,m;? tif'edk ;D &Sm;pwJh w,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Dwm0efawGukd jrefrmEkid if aH wmf\ wdik ;f &if;om;rdbESpyf g;rS &SmazGazmfxkwfrIvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkif trsK;d orD;udt k aMumif;jyKvsu&f mxl;a&G;cs,f Nidrf;csrf
Ekid if rH sm;&JU tawGUtBuKH rsm;ukd oif Oya'eJY Oya't& jy|mef;ay;xm; arG;zGm;ol?þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'twnf aqmif&Guf&mwGif wlnDaomtcGifhtvrf; cefxY m;jcif;udk cGjJ cm;rIrjyK&/ od&Yk mwGif trsK;d toif;t
cef;pm,lNy;D 'Dru kd a&pDavhusirfh I &ygw,f/ 'Djy|mef;csufrsm;teuf jyKjy|mef;onfah eYwiG f Oya't& Ekid if o H m; &&Sdap&rnf[k owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;aMumif; om;rsm;ESio hf m avsmu f efoifjh rwfonf&h mxl; aqmif&G
tqifjh ri§ Efh idk af tmif uReaf wmfwYdk uRefawmf txl;ESpfoufwJhwm0ef jzpfNy;D ol t&nftcsi;f ESp&f yfteuft&nf od&onf/ (yk'fr 349) wm0efrsm;twGuf trsK;d om;tm;a&G;cs,cf efY wpfrsKd;
BudK;yrf;Mu&ygr,f/ wpf&yfuawmh ]]EkdifiHom;rsm;\ tcsif;wpf&yf&yfESifh jynfhpHkolrsm;udk jynf trsKd;orD;rsm; xm;jcif;udk þyk'frt& t[efYtwm;rjzpf csi;f udvk
jynfwiG ;f jynfyu a0zefaewJh rlvtcGit fh a&;rsm; &&Scd pH m;Ekid af &; axmifpo k r®wjrefrmEkid if aH wmf\Ekid if o H m; trsKd;orD;rsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyf ap&[k owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;aMumif; od& udvk nf
vlwcsKdUukd uRefawmfxkwfjycsif ukd a&S;½Iaqmif&u G jf cif;}}ygyJ/jrefrm rsm;jzpfaMumif; owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;onf/ twGuf trsKd;om;rsm;cHpm;cGifh&Sdaom tcGifh onf/ (yk'fr 352) cspcf ifjr
wmuawmh tckvw T af wmftcif; EkdifiHu vufrSwfa&;xkd;xm;wJh (yk'fr 345) ta&;ESifhvpmwdkYudkcHpm;cGifh&SdaMumif; od& epfemqHk;½IH;rI udk;uG,f
tusif;[m 1974-88 umvt urÇmu h v
k or*¾&UJ tjynfjynfqidk f wef;wlnDrQ onf/ (yk'fr 350) rnfou Yl rkd QwnfqOJ ya'ESit hf nDrw S pf wrf;rsm
wGi;f u usi;f ycJw h hJ wpfygwDpepf &m vlYtcGihfta&;aMunmpmwrf; EkdifiHawmfonfrnfolYudkrqdk Oya' rdcifESifUuav;oli,f yg;toufujkd zpfap?yk*Kd¾ vq f ikd &f mvGwv f yfrI jzpfaMu
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh rwl ESifh tmqD,yH #dnmOfrsm;rSm azmfjy t&mwGif wef;wlnrD Q tcGit hf a&;&&Sad p& rdcifrsm;? uav;oli,frsm;ESihf ud, k 0f ef udkjzpfap epfemqHk;½IH;rIr&Sdap&[k owfrSwf (*)? (C
jcm;em;jcif;ukd rSerf eS u f efuef tuJ xm;wJh vlYtcGihfta&;pHEIef;rsm;
aqmif&u G cf iG hf &So
d nf[k owfrw S jf y|mef;xm; twGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk Oya'ESihf
EkdifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;
G cf iG &hf dS
pD;yGm;a&;tzGitUf ydwf
pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIonf cGJ (Zero-Sum Game)
jcm;ír&/ EkdifiHa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; - wpfO;D \qH;k jzwfcsuo
f nf
onf 'Gew f aJG eonfukd Ekid if ahH cgif; usefvlrsm;tm; tusKd;&Sdaponfh
aqmifwikd ;f ? Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmif upm;yGJ (Non-zero-sum game
wdkif; em;vnfoabmaygufMu
yqk) or win-win game)
onf/ ,if;twGuf Ekid if t H oD;oD; armifcdkifcefh(trsKd;om;pma - n§Ed idI ;f ítay;t,lvyk Ef idk f
&Sd EkdifiHhacgif;aqmifwdkif;onf ,if;wdt Yk eufEidk if aH &;jzpfpOf aps;uGufus,fjyefYBuD;rm;&efESifh onfh upm;yGJ (Co-operative
,if;wd\ Yk tem*wfEidk if aH &;&nfreS ;f aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI pD;yGm;jzpfxeG ;f rIrmS tjcm;Edik if w H pf ynm? t&if;tES;D ? aps;uGuw f u Ykd kd Sanction [k azmfjyyg&Sdonf/ game)
csurf sm;wGif Ekid if \ H pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzKd ; aES;auG;í aemufususeaf eonfh Edik if rH S csKyuf ikd w
f m;qD;ydwq
f rYkd rI sm; vTJajymif;ay;tyfzGifhvSpfay;cJhMu Economic Sanction \ - nd§EIdif;rIrjyKvkyfEkdifaom
wkd;wufrIudk OD;pm;ay;&nfrSef; EdkifiHvnf;&Sdonf/ þodkYqdkvQif uif;vGw&f efvo kd nf/ onf/ ,if;twGuf zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiH t"dyÜm,frSm tjcm;EdkifiHwpfck\ upm;yGJ (Non-operative game)
csut f jzpfcsrw S t f aumiftxnf EkdifiHhacgif;aqmifodkYr[kwfekdifiH urÇmhEkdifiHtoD;oD;wGif 19 tcsKdUrSm pD;yGm;a&;ESifhvlaerIb0 pD;yGm;a&;ysupf ;D xdcu kd af p&efta&; [lí&So d nf/
azmfavh&MdS uonf/ odrYk o S m Ekid if H a&;acgif;aqmifrsm;onfpD;yGm; &mpked*Hk;ESifh 20 &mpked'gef;umv wd;k wufajymif;vJvmonf/ Edik if H ,lr[ I zk iG q hf o kd nf/ pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f rYkd oI nfupm;
om;wdkif;\ vlaeb0tqifht zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIvrf;aMumif;udk rsm;wGif vGwfvyfonfhukefoG,f tcsKdUrSm zGHUNzdK;NyD;EkdifiHBuD;tcsKdU\ pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrIywfouf yGJoDtdk&D (Game Theroy) ESifh
wef;wdk;wufvmrnf[k od&Sdem; EkdifiHa&;aomhjzifhvdr®myg;eyfpGm a&;0g'ud k usif h o H k ; cJ h M uonf / pD;yGm;a&;uefo Y wfcsKycf s,yf w d yf if í ,lqvQif ydwfqdkYonfhEdkifiHESifh
vnfMuonf/ zGifh&efvdkayonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif oGif;ukefcGefESifh rIaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;ESijhf ynfow l \ Ykd - Embargo -ukefoG,fa&; ydwq f cYkd &H onfEh idk if w H \ Ykd upm;yGJ
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Vol.3,No.47,
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December-15,2010
- 16, 2011
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