Chapter 1: The Human Body: an Orientation study guide

1. Define anatomy and physiology and their subdivisions.

-Anatomy- studies the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another.
• Gross/macro- study of large body structures visible to naked eye
o Region- focuses on the structures in a particular region of the body.
o Systematic- study system by system
o Surface- study of overlying skin
• Microscopic- structures unseeable by human eye; ie tissue.
• Developmental- traces structural changes that occur in body throughout life span.
-physiology- function of the body, how the parts work and carry out life sustaining
activities.
• Renal- kidney function urine production
• Neuro- workings of the nervous sys
• Cardio- heart study

2. Emphasize the inseparable interrelated nature of anatomy and physiology: a specific structure
is required to perform a specific function[s]. Describe few examples of structure – function
relationships.
-bones- support and protect body organs because made of hard minerals.
-blood flows in one direction because heart valves prevent backflow

3. Which statement do you think is correct? A. structure determines function, or B. function

determines structure? Elaborate your response with examples from human body.
-SEE ABOVE

4. Define each of the following levels of structural organization that make up the human body:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organismal. Know the sequence from simple to
complex with examples from each level.

5. Identify the principal systems of the human body, list representative organs of each system,
and describe the functions of each system.

6. Describe the body's position in anatomical position. What is the importance of having a
universally accepted anatomical position?

7. Define the directional terms as they relate to the human body. Compare common and
anatomical terms used to describe various regions of the human body.

8. Define several anatomical planes and sections used in association with the human body.

9. Define body cavity and list the two principal body cavities, name the subdivisions of the body
cavities and list the organs contained within them. Know the details of abdominal quadrants and
regions.

10. Point out how the region and quadrant grids are different and how the location of an organ
can be described by each system. Be able to state the location of each organ in respective
quadrant and abdominopelvic region grid.
11. Describe the membranes of the ventral cavity and their relationships to each other, the body
wall, and the organs they are associated with. Describe the serous membranes, their function, and
how they are named in the body cavities.

12. Describe the principle and important uses of selected medical imaging techniques in the
diagnosis of disease as discussed.

13. Describe three noninvasive techniques to assess certain aspects of body structure and / or
function.