2 WEEK OF

ND

DEVELOPMENT
DR. SHAHAB HANIF
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
Implantation of blastocyst is completed during 2nd
week. (6 to 10 days)
Trophoblast differentiates into inner cytotrophoblast
and outer syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast is mitotically active, have definite cel
membrane and uninucleated cells
Syncytiotrophoblast is not mitotically active, donot
have cell membrane and is multinucleated
Syncytiotrophoblast invades endometrial cells, which
undergo apoptosis to facilitate invasion
hCG
Syncytiotrophoblast secrete hCG, which maintains
hormonal activity of corpus luteum
At the end of 2nd week, enough hCG is produced which
marks the basis of positive pregnancy test, even if the
women is unaware that she might be pregnant
AMNIOTIC CAVITY
Small spaces appear in embryoblast, which forms
amniotic cavity.
Amniogenic cells called amnioblast separate from
epiblast and form amnion which encloses amniotic cavity.
As a result, embryoblast is now seen to have composed of
2 layers
Epiblast – thickers cells, high columnar related to amniotic
cavity
Hypoblast – small cuboidal cells adjacent to exocoelomic
cavity
Epiblast forms floor of amniotic cavity
Hypoblast forms roof of exocoelomic cavity. It
becomes continue with exocloelomic membrane and
now the exocoelomic cavity is called Primary
Umbilical Vesicle.
Embryonic disc now lie between amniotic cavity and
Primary Umbilical Vesicle
Cells from vesicle form a layer of connective tissue
called extraembryonic mesoderm, that surrounds the
amnion and umbilical vesicle
Small spaces begin to appear in syncytiotrophoblast
called lacunea, which become filled with maternal
blood.
The fluid in lacunea is called Embryotroph
It passes to embryonic disc and gives nutrition to
embryo
10 days embryo is completely implanted in
endometrium.
The defect at implantation site is closed by Closing
Plug of fibrous coagulum
The lacunea enlarge and make contacts with maternal
sinusoids to establish primordial uteroplacental
circulation.
The syncytiotrophoblast now becomes sponge Like
Isolated Extraembryonic coelomic spaces appear in
the extraembryonic mesoderm, which becomes large
and merge with each other to form large space called
Extraembryonic Coelom which is filled with fluid
As the coelom is formed, the Primary umbilical vesicle
decreases in size and smaller Secondary umbilical
vesicle is formed
The umbilical vesicle in human does not contain Yolk,
but it is the site of origin of primordial germ cells.
CHORIONIC VILLI
Primary Chorionic villi are formed at the end of 2nd
week.
These are the extension of cytotrophoblast overlying
syncytiotrophoblast
EXTRAEMBRYONIC COELOM
During the end of 2nd week, the extraembryonic
coelom splits the extraembryonic mesoderm into
Extraembryonic Somatic Mesoderm, lining the
trophoblast and covering the amnion
Extraembryonic Splanchnic Mesoderm, surrounding
Umbilical Vesicle
The Extraembryonic Somatic Mesoderm alongwith
two layers of trophoblast form Chorion (Outermost
fetal Membrane) which forms the wall of chorionic sac
The embryo, amniotic cavity and umbilical vesicle are
suspended in chorionic sac by Connecting Stalk
At 14th day, the hypoblastic cells in a localized area
become columnar to form prechordal plate
This plate indicates the site of mouth and is important
organizer of the head region