2 nd

Week Development
Bilaminar Germ Disc

dr. Ivonike
DAY - 8
Day 8
Day 8
 Blastocyst PARTIALLY embedded in endometrial stroma
 Differentiation of trophoblast :
 cytotrophoblast (inner layer, mononucleated cells) mitotic
 syncytiotrophoblast (outer multinucleated zone without distict cell boundaries)
 Cytotrophoblast cells divide and migrate to syncytiotrophoblast (fuse & lose
membrane cell)
 Differentiation of embryoblast :
 hypoblast layer (small cuboidal cells-blastocyst cavity),
 epiblast layer (high columnar-amniotic cavity)
 These layers form a flat disc, create small cavity within the epiblast.
 Enlargement of the cavity = amniotic cavity
 Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast = amnioblast; together wit the
rest of the epiblast they line the amniotic cavity.
 Endometrial stroma adjacent to the implantation site is edematous and highly
vascular. Tortuous glands secrete abundant glycogen and mucus.
DAY - 9
Day 9

 Blastocyst more deeply embedded in endometrium and the penetration

defect in the surface epithelium is closed by fibrin coagulum
 Development progress of trophoblast: embryonic pole (appearance of
vacuoles in syncytium  fuse  trophoblastic lacunae) = LACUNAR
STAGE
 Flattened cells originating from hypoblast form a thin membrane:
Exocoelomic / Heuser membrane ( inner surface of cytotrophoblast )
 This membrane+hypoblast => exocoelomic cavity / primitive yolk sac
DAY – 11,12
Day 11,12
 Blastocyst completely embedded to endometrial stroma, epithelium surface alost
entirely covers the original defect in the uterine wall.
 Slightly protrusion to uterus lumen
 The trophoblast is characterized by lacunar spaces in the syncytium that form an
intercommunicating network which is particularly evident at the embryonic pole.
 Syncytiotrophoblast penetrate deeper into stroma and erode the endothelial lining
of the maternal capillaries maternal sinusoid uteroplacental circulation.
 New population of cells appears between inner surface of the cytotrophoblast and
outer surface of exocoelomic cavity which is derived from yolk sac cells, form a
line, loose connective tissue  extraembryonic mesoderm
 Large cavities then develop in extraembryonic mesoderm and when these
become confluent, they form a new space  extraembryonic cavity/ chorionic
cavity.
 Extraembryonic mesoderm lining the cytotrophoblast and amnion 
extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
 Lining covering the yolk sac  extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
 Bilaminar growth is slower than the trophoblast. Meanwhile, endometrium cells
become polyhedral and loaded with glycogen and lipids; intercellular space are
filled with extravasate and the tissue is edematous  decidua reaction.
DAY – 13
Day 13
 Surface defect in the endometrium has healed.
 Bleeding may occurs at the implantation site as result of increased blood flow into
the lacunar spaces.
 Trophoblast is characterized by villous structures. Cells of the cytotrophoblast
proliferate locally and penetrate into the syncytiotrophoblast, forming cellular
columns surrounded by syncytium. Cellular columns with the syncytial covering are
known as primary villi.
 Hypoblast produces additional cells that migrae along inside exocoelomic
membrane which proliferate and gradually form a new cavity within the exocoeloic
cavity  secondary yolk sac / definitive yolk sac
 Definitive yolk sac is smaller than primary because during its formation, large
portions of the exocoelomic cavity are pinched off.
 These portions are represented by exocoelomic cysts, oftern found in
extraembryonic coelom / chorionic cavity
 Extraembryonic coelom expands  chorionic cavity
 Extraembryonic mesoderm lining inside the cytotrophoblast  chorionic plate
 The only place where extraembryonic mesoderm traverses the chorionic cavity is in
the connecting stalk + blood vessels  umbilical cord
Abnormal Implantation

 Placenta previa
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Hydatidiform mole
TERIMA KASIH