Water Fired Chiller/Chiller-Heater

WFC-S Series: 10, 20 and 30 RT Cooling

W E A R E F R I E N D L Y T O T H E E A R T H
Water Fired Yazaki water fired SINGLE-EFFECT chillers or chiller-heaters have cooling capacities
SINGLE-EFFECT of 10, 20 and 30 tons of refrigeration and produce chilled water for cooling or hot water
Chiller or for heating in comfort air conditioning applications. The absorption cycle is energized
Chiller-Heater by a heat medium (hot water) at 158 oF to 203oF from an industrial process, cogeneration
system, solar energy or other heat source and the condenser is water cooled through a
cooling tower.

Absorption Principle The Yazaki absorption chiller or chiller-heater uses a solution of lithium bromide and
water, under a vacuum, as the working fluid. Water is the refrigerant and lithium
bromide, a nontoxic salt, is the absorbent. Refrigerant, liberated by heat from the
solution, produces a refrigerating effect in the evaporator when cooling water is
circulated through the condenser and absorber.
Cooling Cycle GENERATOR CONDENSER

Dilute Solution
Heat Medium
Concentrated Solution
COOLING/
HEATING
ORIFICE ABSORBER Refrigerant Vapor
CHANGE-
Refrigerant Liquid
OVER
VALVE
Cooling Water
Chilled Water Chilled Water
Heat Medium

Cooling Water

EVAPORATOR
SOLUTION
PUMP

HEAT EXCHANGER

Generator
When the heat medium inlet temperature exceeds 154.4oF, the solution pump forces
dilute lithium bromide solution into the generator. The solution boils vigorously under
a vacuum and droplets of concentrated solution are carried with refrigerant vapor to
the primary separator. After separation, refrigerant vapor flows to the condenser
and concentrated solution is precooled in the heat exchanger before flowing to
the absorber.

Condenser
In the condenser, refrigerant vapor is condensed on the surface of the cooling coil
and latent heat, removed by the cooling water, is rejected to a cooling tower.
Refrigerant liquid accumulates in the condenser and then passes through an orifice into
the evaporator.

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 Evaporator
In the evaporator, the refrigerant liquid is exposed to a substantially deeper vacuum than
in the condenser due to the influence of the absorber. As refrigerant liquid flows over
the surface of the evaporator coil it boils and removes heat, equivalent to the latent heat
of the refrigerant, from the chilled water circuit. The recirculating chilled water is
cooled to 44.6oF and the refrigerant vapor is attracted to the absorber.

Absorber
A deep vacuum in the absorber is maintained by the affinity of the concentrated
solution from the generator with the refrigerant vapor formed in the evaporator. The
refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the concentrated lithium bromide solution flowing across
the surface of the absorber coil. Heat of condensation and dilution are removed by the
cooling water and rejected to a cooling tower. The resulting dilute solution is preheated
in a heat exchanger before returning to the generator where the cycle is repeated.

GENERATOR CONDENSER

Heating Cycle

Heat Medium
Dilute Solution
COOLING/
ORIFICE Concentrated Solution
HEATING ABSORBER
CHANGE- Refrigerant Vapor
OVER
VALVE Refrigerant Liquid
Hot Water Hot Water
Heat Medium

EVAPORATOR
SOLUTION
PUMP

HEAT EXCHANGER

Generator
When the heat medium inlet temperature exceeds 154.4oF, the solution pump forces
dilute lithium bromide solution into the generator. The solution boils vigorously under
a vacuum to generate refrigerant vapor and droplets of concentrated solution. Since the
changeover valve is open during heating operation, the mixture of refrigerant vapor and
concentrated solution flows directly into the evaporator. Some refrigerant vapor flows
through the condenser before reaching the evaporator.

Evaporator
Hot refrigerant vapor condenses on the surface of the evaporator coil and heat, equivalent to
the latent heat of the refrigerant, is transferred to the hot water circuit. The recirculating water
is heated to 131oF. Refrigerant liquid mixes with concentrated lithium bromide solution and
the resulting dilute solution returns to the generator where the cycle is repeated.

3
Features ■ Absorption cycle energized by hot ■ All chillers and chiller-heaters
water at 158 oF to 203 oF from supplied with a standard weatherproof
process, cogeneration, solar or other cabinet suitable for outdoor installation.
waste heat sources. ■ Built-in shutdown controls for high
■ Safe, odorless, non-toxic working heat medium temperature and
fluids of lithium bromide and water abnormal cooling water conditions.
operate under a vacuum at all times. ■ Cooling capacities increased at 85oF
■ Supplied as a chiller only or a chiller- cooling water and when energized
heater for applications that require by 203oF heat medium.
separation of heating water and heat ■ Ideal for a two pipe hydronic system
medium circuits due to glycol, operat- in which chilled or hot water is
ing pressure, flow or piping limitations. circulated to a central airhandling
■ Crystallization prevented in the unit or multiple fan-coil units.
generator by utilizing a solution pump ■ Cooling or heating operation on
and gravity drain-back system. chiller-heaters can be selected from
■ Single hermetic pump controls a remote or built-in switch.
solution flow. ■ Only 30 minute delay required for
■ Faster cold start-up time than similar operation changeover.
chillers with flooded generators. ■ Transportation and lifting are
■ Chilled water and hot water outlet simplified because of modular
temperatures controlled by a built-in construction.
microprocessor with outputs to ■ Factory charged and performance
control a 3-way valve and/or heat tested.
medium pump (supplied by others). ■ UL Listed for USA and Canada.
Control
Characteristics
COOLING
100
Maximum Limit
Minimum Limit
Capacity (%)

75

50

25

0
40.1 43.7 47.3 50.9 54.5 58.1 61.7 65.3
41.9 45.5 49.1 52.7 56.3 59.9 63.5 67.1
Chilled Water Outlet Temperature (oF)

HEATING
100
Maximum Limit
Minimum Limit
Capacity (%)

75

50

25

0
113.9 117.5 121.1 124.7 128.3 131.9 135.5 139.1
115.7 119.3 122.9 126.5 130.1 133.7 137.3 140.9
Hot Water Outlet Temperature (oF)

4
• Standard Rating Point Standard Control Settings
Application (Water Fired Cooling & Heating System - Cooling Operation)

Heat Medium

FAN COIL UNIT

Dilute Solution Cooling Water COOLING TOWER

Concentrated Solution Chilled Water

* Cooling/Heating Changeover Valve
Refrigerant Vapor Heat Medium supplied on Chiller-Heaters only

Refrigerant Liquid
WATER FIRED CHILLER-HEATER
Specifications
Model WFC SC10 SH10 SC20 SH20 SC30 SH30 NOTES:
Capacity (Btu/hr x 1000) 120.0 240.0 360.0
Cooling
Chilled Water Temp. (oF) 44.6 Outlet, 54.5 Inlet 1. Specifications are based
Capacity (Btu/hr x 1000) — 166.3 — 332.6 — 498.9
on water in all circuits
Heating and fouling factor of
Hot Water Temp. (oF) 131.0 Outlet, 117.3 Inlet
0.0005 ft2hroF/Btu.
Rated Water Flow (gpm) 24.2 48.4 72.6
Chilled/Hot Evap. Press Drop (psi) 8.1 9.6 10.1
Water 2. Do not exceed 85.3 psi
Water Retention Volume (gal) 4.5 12.4 19.3 operating pressure in any
Heat Rejection (Btu/hr x 1000) 291.4 582.8 874.2 water circuit.
Inlet Temperature (oF) 87.8 (Standard)
Cooling
Water *Rated Water Flow (gpm) 80.8 161.7 242.5 3. If heat medium inlet
Cond./Abs. Press. Drop (psi) 12.3 6.6 6.7 temperature exceeds 203oF
Water Retention Volume (gal) 17.4 33.0 51.3 the chiller/chiller-heater
Input (Btu/hr x 1000) 171.4 342.8 514.2 will shutdown and require
190.4 (Standard) manual reset.
Inlet Temperature (oF)
Heat Temperature Range 158 (min.) - 203 (max.)
Medium
4. Cooling water crossover
Rated Water Flow (gpm) 38.0 76.1 114.1
piping with 3 in. type
Generator Press. Drop (psi) 13.1 6.7 8.8
“L” copper connections
Water Retention Volume (gal) 5.5 14.3 22.2
supplied by others
Electrical
Power Supply 208V, 60Hz, 3 ph for WFC-SC20/SH20 and
Consumption (W) 210 260 310 WFC-SC30/SH30.
Capacity Control On - Off
Noise Level Sound Pressure dB(A) 49 49 46 5. Sound pressure noise level
Chilled/Hot Water (in) 1-1/2 NPT 2 NPT 2 NPT measured in a free field at
Piping Cooling Water (in) 2 NPT 2 NPT 2-1/2 NPT a point 79 in. behind the
Heat Medium (in) 1-1/2 NPT 2 NPT 2-1/2 NPT chiller/chiller-heater and
Dry (lb) 1,100 2,050 3,200 59 in. above the ground.
Weight
Operating (lb) 1,329 2,548 3,975
* Minimum cooling water flow
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Performance Characteristics

WFC-SC10/SH10 WFC-SC20/SH20
(44.6oF CHILLED WATER) (44.6oF CHILLED WATER)
1.6 1.4

Cooling Water Inlet Temp. Cooling Water Inlet Temp.

80oF 80oF
1.4 1.2
85oF
85oF 87.8oF
1.2 1.0
Cooling Capacity Factor

Cooling Capacity Factor

87.8oF
1.0 0.8

0.8 0.6

0.6 0.4

0.4 0.2

0.2 0
1.6 Cooling Water Inlet Temp. 1.6
80 F
o

Cooling Water Inlet Temp.

1.4 80oF
1.4
85oF 85oF
1.2 1.2
87.8oF 87.8oF
Heat Input Factor

Heat Input Factor

1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2
1.4 1.4 Hot Water Outlet Temp. 131oF
Hot Water Outlet Temp. 131oF

1.2 1.2

1.0 1.0
Heating Capacity Factor

Heating Capacity Factor

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4
158 F 203 F
o o
203 F
o
158 F
o

(MIN) (MAX) (MIN) (MAX)

0.2 0.2

0 0
150 160 170 180 190 200 210 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
Heat Medium Inlet Temperature (oF) Heat Medium Inlet Temperature (oF)

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 WFC-SC30/SH30 HM FLOW CORRECTION
(44.6oF CHILLED WATER) (44.6oF CHILLED WATER)
1.4 1.2
Cooling Water Inlet Temp. 80oF

1.2 85oF
1.0

Heat Medium Flow Correction

o
87.8 F
Cooling Capacity Factor

1.0 0.8

0.8 0.6

0.6
0.4

0.4 30%
0.2
(MIN)
0.2 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0 Heat Medium Flow (%)
1.6
Cooling Water Inlet Temp. 80oF
1.4
85oF
NOTES:
1.2 o
87.8 F
1. • designates Standard Rating Point.
Heat Input Factor

1.0
2. Capacity and Heat Input curves based on
0.8
standard water flow rates in all circuits.

3. Heat Medium Flow Correction curve only

0.6
applicable for heat medium inlet temperatures
of 176 oF to 203 oF.
0.4
4. Heating Efficiency = 97%.
0.2
1.4 Hot Water Outlet Temp. 131 F o

5. Performance based on standard fouling factor

1.2 of 0.0005 ft 2hroF/Btu in all circuits.

1.0 6. Performance data may be interpolated but

Heating Capacity Factor

must not be extrapolated.

0.8
7. Expanded performance curves are provided
for reference only . Contact Yazaki Ener gy
0.6
Systems, Inc. to obtain certified performance
ratings from the factory or to determine
0.4
o o
performance at other conditions outside the
158 F 203 F
(MIN) (MAX)
scope of this publication.
0.2

0
150 160 170 180 190 200 210
Heat Medium Inlet Temperature (oF)

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ABSORPTION CHILLER HEAT BALANCE 2. HEAT INPUT (COOLING):
HEAT IN = HEAT OUT
Heat Input Factor = 1.17
Qg + Qe = Qc Heat Medium Flow Correction = 1.0
Where, Qg = Heat input to generator Standard Heat Input = 514.2 MBH
Qe = Cooling capacity Qg = 1.17 x 1.0 x 514.2 = 601.6 MBH
Qc = Heat rejected to cooling tower 601.6
Heat Medium T = = 10.5oF
0.5 x 114.1
COOLING CAPACITY Heat Medium P = 8.8 psi (Standard)
CLG. CAP. HM FLOW STD. CLG.
Qe = x x 3. HEAT REJECTED TO COOLING TOWER:
FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITY
Qc = Qg + Qe = 601.6 + 403.2 = 1004.8 MBH
HEAT INPUT (COOLING) 1004.8
HEAT INPUT HM FLOW STD. HEAT Cooling Water T = = 8.3oF
Qg = x x 0.5 x 242.5
FACTOR CORRECTION INPUT
Cooling Water P = 6.7 psi (Standard)
HEATING CAPACITY
4. AVAILABLE HEATING CAPACITY:
HTG. CAP. HM FLOW STD. HTG.
Qh = x x
FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITY Heating Capacity Factor = 1.12
Heat Medium Flow Correction = 1.0
Where, Qh = Heating Capacity Standard Heating Capacity = 498.9 MBH
Qh = 1.12 x 1.0 x 498.9 = 558.8 MBH
HEAT INPUT (HEATING) 558.8
Hot Water T = = 15.4oF
HEATING CAPACITY = Qh 0.5 x 72.6
Qg = EFFICIENCY 0.97 Hot Water P = 10.1 psi (Standard)

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE ( oF) 5. HEAT INPUT (HEATING):

ADJUSTED CAPACITY OR HEAT INPUT (MBH)
T= Qh 558.8
0.5 x FLOW (gpm) Qg = = = 576.1 MBH
0.97 0.97
PRESS. DROP FOR NONSTANDARD FLOW (psi) 576.1
Heat Medium T= = 10.1oF
P=
PRESS. DROP (
STANDARD x NONSTANDARD FLOW
STANDARD FLOW
( 2

Heat Medium
0.5 x 114.1
P = 8.8 psi (Standard)

EXAMPLE 1. EXAMPLE 2.

Given design conditions: Given design conditions:

Heat medium inlet temperature ............................195oF
Heat medium flow ........................................114.1 gpm
Cooling water inlet temperature ..............................85oF
Cooling water flow ........................................242.5 gpm
Chilled water outlet temperature ..........................44.6oF
Hot water outlet temperature ................................131oF
Chilled/hot water flow ....................................72.6 gpm
Absorption chiller-heater model ..................WFC-SH30
Heat medium inlet temperature ............................203oF
Heat medium flow ..........................................57.0 gpm
Cooling water inlet temperature ..............................85oF
Cooling water flow ........................................242.5 gpm
Chilled water outlet temperature ..........................44.6oF
Hot water outlet temperature ................................131oF
Chilled/hot water flow ....................................72.6 gpm
Absorption chiller-heater model ..................WFC-SH30

Refer to Capacity Factor curves and Specifications for model Refer to Capacity Factor curves and Specifications for model
WFC-SC30/SH30. Since 114.1 gpm is standard, the Heat Medium WFC-SC30/SH30. Since 57.0 gpm is 50% of standard, the Heat
(HM) Flow Correction is 1.0. Medium (HM) Flow Correction is 0.86.

1. AVAILABLE COOLING CAPACITY: 1. AVAILABLE COOLING CAPACITY:

Cooling Capacity Factor = 1.12 Cooling Capacity Factor = 1.22
Heat Medium Flow Correction = 1.0 Heat Medium Flow Correction = 0.86
Standard Cooling Capacity = 360.0 MBH Standard Cooling Capacity = 360.0 MBH
Qe = 1.12 x 1.0 x 360.0 = 403.2 MBH (33.6 tons) Qe = 1.22 x 0.86 x 360.0 = 377.7 MBH (31.5 tons)
403.2 377.7
Chilled Water T = = 11.1oF Chilled Water T = = 10.4oF
0.5 x 72.6 0.5 x 72.6
Chilled Water P = 10.1 psi (Standard) Chilled Water P = 10.1 psi (Standard)

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2. HEAT INPUT (COOLING): 4. AVAILABLE HEATING CAPACITY:
Heat Input Factor = 1.35 Heat Capacity Factor = 1.33
Heat Medium Flow Correction = 0.86 Heat Medium Flow Correction = 0.86
Standard Heat Input = 514.2 MBH Standard Heating Capacity = 498.9 MBH
Qg = 1.35 x 0.86 x 514.2 = 597.0 MBH Qh = 1.33 x 0.86 x 498.9 = 570.6 MBH
597.0 570.6
Heat Medium T = = 20.9oF Hot Water T = = 15.7oF
0.5 x 57.0 0.5 x 72.6
Hot Water P = 10.1 psi (Standard)
57.0 2
Heat Medium P = 8.8 x ( 114.1 = 2.2 psi
(
5. HEAT INPUT (HEATING):
3. HEAT REJECTED TO COOLING TOWER:
Qh 570.6
Qg = = = 588.2 MBH
Qc = Qg + Qe = 597.0 + 377.7 = 974.7 MBH 0.97 0.97
974.7 588.2
Cooling Water T = = 8.0oF Heat Medium T = = 20.6oF
0.5 x 242.5 0.5 x 57.0
Cooling Water P = 6.7 psi (Standard)
57.0 2
Heat Medium P = 8.8 x ( 114.1 = 2.2 psi
(

Cooling Water Crossover Piping (Supplied by others)

The condenser and absorber of chiller/chiller-heater models NOTES:
WFC-SC20/SH20 and WFC-SC30/SH30 are connected in
parallel by cooling water crossover piping installed at the 1. All pipe (or tube) sizing is nominal.
jobsite. If this piping is fabricated at the jobsite by others it
must be designed in accordance with the following 2. Install a manual balancing valve in the branch cooling
recommendations to ensure balanced flow through the water circuits to the condenser and absorber if flow is
condenser and absorber: unbalanced due to changes in the piping configuration
or pipe sizes.
1. Branch piping is 2 in. (WFC-SC20/SH20) or 2-1/2 in.
(WFC-SC30/SH30).
2. Common inlet and outlet piping is 3 in.

UNION 2” NPT (WFC-SC20/SH20)

2-1/2” NPT (WFC-SC30/SH30)
COOLING WATER OUTLET 3” PIPE

ABSORBER BRANCH CROSSOVER

CONDENSER BRANCH CROSSOVER 2” PIPE (WFC-SC20/SH20)
2” PIPE (WFC-SC20/SH20) 2-1/2” PIPE (WFC-SC30/SH30)
2-1/2” PIPE (WFC-SC30/SH30)

COOLING WATER INLET 3” PIPE

9
Typical Piping
Cooling Water Outlet Heat Medium Outlet
COOLING TOWER CW
CONTROL Condenser Water Inlet Heat Medium Air
VALVE Inlet Vent
M T T HM BYPASS VALVE

T P P
Flush Valve FREEZE
CHILLER/ M HM PUMP
CHILLER- SWITCH
Air LIMIT
CT SWITCH CW TEMP. HEATER T SWITCH
Vent
SWITCH
P P T T P P

Absorber
CW PUMP Chilled/ FREEZE CHILLED/HOT WATER PUMP
Flush Valve/ Water Outlet Cooling Water Hot Water SWITCH
Drain Inlet Outlet
Drain Water ----------- Crossover piping for WFC-SC20/ Chilled/Hot Drain
Supply SH20 and WFC-SC30/SH30 only. Water Inlet

Typical Field Wiring OPTIONAL

CONTROL
CT (COOLING TOWER) SWITCH T OPTIONAL JUNCTION BOX
BOX CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS
CW (COOLING WATER) TEMP. SWITCH T

CW (COOLING WATER) M
CONTROL VALVE
COOLING CHILLED/HOT
WATER WATER
PUMP PUMP

POWER CHILLER/
BOX CHILLER-
(Supplied HEATER
by others)

COOLING TOWER HM PUMP

LIMIT M
SWITCH

HM BYPASS VALVE
Optional methods of controlling
Heat Medium (HM) input to OPTIONAL
Wiring I/O BOARD
(Number of conductors) chiller/chiller-heater. FUSED
DISCONNECTS CONNECTIONS

OPTIONAL JUNCTION BOX Power Supply

CONNECTIONS (208V, 60Hz, 3 ph)
OPTIONAL I/O BOARD
• Remote cooling/heating mode CONNECTIONS
selection (Model SH only) OPTIONAL CONTROL BOX • Shutdown interlock (Additional
• Remote start/stop selection (All CONNECTIONS interlock)
models) • Heat medium supply shutdown • Freeze protection switch inputs for
• Cooling tower fan control output control output chilled/hot water and heat medium
(Alternative to CT Switch) • Auxiliary boiler control output circuits (Temp. switches supplied
by others)
• Heating/cooling mode status • Heat available input (Temp. switch
supplied by others) • Chiller-heater standby status
• Heat medium pump
• Cooling water flow input (Flow • Operating status
• General shutdown alarm output
switch supplied by others) • General fault alarm output

10
Dimensions
WFC-SC10/SH10

LEFT SIDE FRONT REAR

WFC-SC20/SH20

Cooling Water
Crossover (By others)
LEFT SIDE FRONT REAR

WFC-SC30/SH30

Cooling Water
Crossover (By others)

LEFT SIDE FRONT REAR

All Dimensions In Inches 11

 YAZAKI SALES REPRESENTATIVE/DISTRIBUTOR

For information concerning sales, operation, application

or technical assistance, please contact your
Yazaki Sales Representative/Distributor or the following:

YAZAKI ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

701 E. PLANO PARKWAY, SUITE 305
PLANO, TEXAS 75074-6700
Phone: 469-229-5443
Fax: 469-229-5448
Email: yazaki@yazakienergy.com
Web: www.yazakienergy.com

Yazaki reserves the right to discontinue, or change at any time,

specifications or designs without notice and without incurring obligations.

SB-WFCS-1009