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    Genetic variation within species arises from meiosis, chromosome crossover during meiosis, and fusion of gametes. All variation originally comes from mutations, which are changes in genetic material and the sole source of new variation. Mutations occur as errors in DNA replication at a rate of around 1 in 100,000, which is reduced to 1 in 100,000,000 through proofreading. While most mutations are not beneficial, some can provide advantages that enable evolution.

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    Genetic variation within species arises from meiosis, chromosome crossover during meiosis, and fusion of gametes. All variation originally comes from mutations, which are changes in genetic material and the sole source of new variation. Mutations occur as errors in DNA replication at a rate of around 1 in 100,000, which is reduced to 1 in 100,000,000 through proofreading. While most mutations are not beneficial, some can provide advantages that enable evolution.

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    5 views1 page

    Variations Within Species

    Uploaded by

    EmblemX
    Genetic variation within species arises from meiosis, chromosome crossover during meiosis, and fusion of gametes. All variation originally comes from mutations, which are changes in genetic material and the sole source of new variation. Mutations occur as errors in DNA replication at a rate of around 1 in 100,000, which is reduced to 1 in 100,000,000 through proofreading. While most mutations are not beneficial, some can provide advantages that enable evolution.

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    Variations within Species

    Mutations and Selective Advantage


    How is Variation Obtained?

     As we have seen, genetic variation occurs in numerous ways

     Through the random assortment of paternal and maternal chromosomes (meiosis)

     The crossing over of the homologous chromosomes

     And the fusion of the male and female gametes

     All variation originally derived from mutations

    Mutations

     Mutations are changes in the genetic material

     The only source of new genetic variation

     DNA Replication errors occur every

     1:105 (1:100,000)

     Reduced to approximately 1:108 (1:100,000,000) through proofreading mechanisms

     Mutations are permanent and heritable

     Essential for the evolution of all organisms

     Mutagens are environmental agents that can cause mutations in DNA

     Cells can die from mutations, malfunction, etc.

     Mutagens are often forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, or chemicals

     These mainly modify the base pairs, or cause nucleotides to be added or taken away

     If mutations take place in the somatic cells, then they will not be passed on

    Beneficial Mutations

     Most new mutations are not beneficial to the organism

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