Verification of Superposition

thereom
theory:- in a linear resistive network voltage across or
current through any resistor or source may be calculated by
adding algebraically all the invidual voltage or current
caused by the separate independent source acting alone,
with all other independent voltage source replaced by short
circuit and all other independent current source replaced by
open circuit.

Measurement of Power with

Wattmeter
theory:-A wattmeter is an indicating instrument used to
measure electrical power (ac or dc). In the dyanometer type
wattmeter there are two sets of coils : current coil (cc) and
pressure coil (pc). The pressure coil (also known as voltage
coil) is the moving coil and is attached to the spindle which
carries the pointer of the instrument.The current coil is
connected in series with the load and carries the load
current . The pressure coil is connected across the load
(supply) circuit in which the power is to be measured.

NOTE:-wattmeter is designed to have a multiple rating and

hence the scale is not calibrated in watts but in divisions
only.To obtain the power in watts , the readings of the
wattmeter are to be multiplied by a factor called the
multiplying factor(mf) which is given by

mf=rated voltage *rated currrent

no. of divisions
 To determine the current and power
factor in R-C series circuit
theory:-1. R-C series circuit:-

it is the circuit in which resistance and capacitance are

connected in series and current leads voltage.

2. Voltage triangle:-

in an a.c circuit the applied voltage V is the vector sum

of voltage across resistor and voltage across capacitance.

Verification of Norton's theorem

theory:-norton's theorem states that any two terminal
active network containing voltage sources and resistances
when viewed from its output terminal is equivalent to a
constant current source(Isc) and parallel resistance
(Rnor).The constant current is the current which would flow
in a short circuit placed across the terminal and parallel
rasistance is the resistance of the network when viewed
from the open circuit terminals after all independent voltage
sources have been replaced by short circuit and all
independent current sources are replaced by open circuit .