MAIN PROJECT Presentation

Aravind Suresh (09) ; Sarika R (38) ; Nirupama Sreedharan (24) ; Sandeep Ajayan (52)
ROBOT FOR REMOTE DATA ACCESS
Transmitter Section-ROBOT
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
P
I
C
SOR M
AIR TEMPERATURE U
ss SENSOR IUART
UART
X BEE
MODULE
CP
A RI
HUMIDITY SENSOR OC
HUMIDITY SENSOR C 8 X BEE16x2
M MODULE
LCD
O
I MODULE
N
C
PRESSURE T
PRESSURE D R
SENSOR R
SENSOR O 3.3 V
O
C
L
O
L
WIND
WIND DIRECTION
DIRECTION N
E 5V POWER
SENSOR
SENSOR T
R SOURCE
C R
O
L 9V
LIGHT SENSOR
LIGHT SENSOR L
E 16x2
CAMERA
R
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 2

Receiver Section-OPERATOR
5V
5V XBEE
USART
MAX 232 MODULE
2
P 16*2
12 V I 8 LCD
C DISPLAY
RS232
3.3 V
M
I 5V POWER
C SOURCE
PC INTERFACE R
FRONTEND O
C
TROLLEY
O
BUZZER REMOTE
N
T 5
R
O 5 ULN 2003 12 V
L & RELAY
L
E
R

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

 Microchip PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) 16LF877A-
 RISC MCU-35 instructions
 Mid Range 14bit Program Memory (8Kx14bits)
 368x8bytes Data RAM
 256x8bytes EEPROM Data Memory
 PORTS:- PORTA (6 bit); [PORT B,PORTC,PORTD] (8 bit); PORTC (3 bit)
 10bit,8channel ADC-


 TIMER:- Timer0 (8bit); Timer1 (16bit); Timer2 (8bit)
 Timer0 Configuration-
 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART)-

 UART Transmitter-
 UART Receiver-


 Xbee-
 Frequency band : ISM 2.4000 - 2.4835 GHz
 Supply Voltage : 2.8-3.4 VDC (Absolute)
 Interface : 3 V UART CMOS
 Outdoor range : Up to 1 mile (1.6 km) RF LOS
 Modulation : OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
 Spread Spectrum : DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
 Error handling : Retries & acknowledgements
 Temperature : -40° C to 85° C (Industrial Operation)
 Power output : 10 mW (+10 dBm) International version
 Microwave Antenna options:-
 U.FL - 2.5dBi gain, 96mm (length), connector on end of 100mm cable (dipole)
 PCB chip antenna
 1/4 monopole integrated whip antenna
 RP SMA- 2.4GHz Duck Antenna 2.2dBi, 50 ohm impedance, 4" long


 16x2 LCD-
 Power Supply : -0.3-7 VDC
 Input Voltage : 5.3 VDC (Max.)
 Temperature : 0-50° C (Operation)
 E Pulse Width : 230 nS (Min.)
 E Cycle Time : 500 nS (Min.)
 Air Temperature Sensor LM35-

 Supply Voltage: 4 to 30v
 Temperature: -50-150 °C
 Output proportional to Celcius Temperature (Scale factor: 0.1V/ ° C)
 Accuracy +/-0.4 °C (Room Temp.); +/-0.8 °C (Range: 0 to 100° C)
 Self heating< 0.1 °C
 Sensitivity: 10mV/ °C
 Temperature (°C) = Vout * (100 °C/V)
 Minimum temperature for rated accuracy: +2 °C
 Draws 60 uAmp current

 Humidity Sensor-
 Configured with integrated circuitry to provide on-chip signal conditioning
 Linear voltage output versus %RH relation
 Sensor laser trimming offers +2 %RH accuracy
 Supply Voltage: 0.92-4.52 VDC
 Output Voltage: 0.64-3.14 VDC
 Response time: 30 Seconds (@ 25 °C)
 Chemical resistant packages
 Temperature: -40 °C to 85 °C (Operation)
 Low current (200mA Max.)
 Material: Thin film polymer (Dielectric constant proportional to water vapor)
 Pressure Sensor-
 Capacitive transducer
 Supply Voltage: 12 VDC
 Output: 0-2.5 V
 Measures 500 to 1100 mbar range
 Material: Fused glass/ceramic/17-4 PH SS (Low Hysterisis)


 Light Sensor-
 Dark Resistance: 1-2MOhm
 Material: Selenium
 Wind Direction Sensor-

 10 Kohm pot with single wane on knob
 Operates on 5 VDC supply
 RF camera
 CMOS 50Hz colour image sensor
 Frequency : 0.9GHz
 Transmit signal : video+audio
 Supply voltage : 9 VDC
 Delivery distance : 50-100M
 Sensitivity : +18dB (Transmitter, Receiver)
 Current: :200mA (Camera); 500mA (Receiver)
 Power consumptiion : <400mW (Camera)
 Min. illumination : 3LUX
 Picture : PAL- 628*582 (pixel); 5.78*4.199mm (area)

 LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator-
 Output: 1.2V-25VDC
 Adjust pin current: 50uA
 Output Current: 1.5A (Max.)
 Vin-Vout: 5V
 Operating Temperature: 0 °C-125 °C
 L1117 Fixed/Adj. Low Dropout Linear

Reguator (LDO)-
 Output: 3.3VDC
 Dropout: 1.2VDC
 Output Current: 1A (Max.)
 Operating Temperature: 0 °C-125 °C
 Maximum Supply Voltage: 15V

CIRCUIT- Transmitter/Robot

CIRCUIT- Receiver/Operator

Design {POWER SUPPLY}

 Requirements:-
 12 VDC; 5 VDC; 3.3 VDC for max. current< 600mA
 Design –
LM317 (Adjustable voltage regulator)
 Output voltage of LM317 set using variable resistor R9

 Required output, Vout= 5V
 Choose R9= 1K


R10 calculated as
 Vout= 1.25V(1+ R9/R10)+ Iadj*R2

 R10= 1250/3.745= 333Ohm
 Available std. value for R10= 330Ohm
L1117-3.3 (Low drop out fixed voltage regulator)
 Output voltage of L1117 is 3.3V for Xbee module

 Drop out voltage= 1.45V
 Hence from input 5V we can get Vout= 3.3V
 Maximum output current is 1A


Min. transformer output and filter capacitor design
 Transformer 230V-50Hz (600 mA)

 For LM317, required Vin = Vout +5V= 10V
 Fix a value for filter capacitor ‘C1’
 A load resistor for full load current, R= E/I
 E- required output (atleast 10V) and I- full load current.
 R= 12/0.6= 20ohm
 C1= T/R; where T- charging time
 T= 20ms, a one cycle period to prevent increased regulator power dissipation.
 C1= 0.02/20=1000 µF.
 Peak-peak ripple voltage Vpd= 1/2f(C1)= 1/2*50*1000= 1.11V
 Vpd/2= 0.66V (Considered to overcome ripple minima)
 Min. transformer output= Vin (E)+ rectifier diode drop+ [Vpd/2]= 12V(~)


 Require transformer output= 12V (~Min) [Erms]
 Require filter capacitor voltage rating>1.4 Erms to avoid surge effects towards peak
 C1= 330 µF, 25V
 C2= 1 µF (optional), preferred by IC manufacturers to improve output impedance and rejection
of transients
Special Note
 A capacitor is preferred at output for stability, a 10 µF is chosen

 A 0.1 µF needed before regulateors (if the previous filter capacitors are at more than 6 inch)
 Above capacitors reduce high frequency random noise effects in conductor
 A 400mAH- 9V Rechargeable Cell is an alternative for transformer- rectifier at robot section.
 Above cell stands for 10hrs
 LED indicator current limiting resistor (R1), choose 470Ohm to keep current within 10mA (safe
current for ordinary LED at 3.3V) [Using Ohm’s Law]

Tranmsitter Program (FLOW CHART)

START
Allocate m/m for registers in data RAM
Declare subroutine for data display on LCD
Initialize Program memory
Configure USART,ADC,Timer and Ports for

sensors and LCD
Set count=3
Delay

Initialize LCD
Count=Count-1
If
Count=0
Display “voice controlled x-bee robot”
Delay
Receive data
If
Data=‘*’
Trolley remote ON
A
Buzzer ON
Delay
Buzzer OFF
Display “waiting for voice commands”
Receive data
If
Data=‘L’ Display “left”
Initiate trolley control ‘left’
Display “right” If
D
Data=‘R’
Initiate trolley control ‘right’
B
D
If Display “front”
Data=‘F’
Initiate trolley contril ‘front’
If D
Display “back”
Data=‘B’
Initiate trolley control ‘back’
D If
Display “stop”
Data=‘S’
Initiate trolley control ‘stop’
If D
Display “straight”
Data=‘A’
Initiate trolley control ‘straight’
D C
Tranmsitter Program (FLOW CHART)

C
If
Data=‘E’ D
Display “VOICE MODE EXIT”
Trolley remote OFF
Delay
END

Receiver Program (FLOW CHART)

START
Allocate m/m for registers in data RAM
Declare subroutine for data display on LCD
Initialize Program memory
Set count=3
B
Configure USART,ADC,Timer and
Ports for sensors and LCD
Delay
Initialize LCD
Count=Count-1
A

A
No If
B Count=0
Yes
Display “ZIGBEE BASED DATA
ACQUISITION ROBOT”
Delay
Take ‘TEMPERATURE’ data
Convert to ASCII
Transmit ‘TEMPERATURE’ data
Display TEMPERATURE
C

C
Delay
Take ‘LIGHT INTENSITY’ data;

Convert to ASCII; Transmit and Display;
Delay
Take ‘WIND DIRECTION’ data value
No If
D Value>32
Yes
If No
Value>96 F
Yes
No If
G Value>160
Yes
E
Receiver Program (FLOWE CHART)

No If
Value>224
G F
Yes D
Delay & Delay & Delay & Delay &
Display Display Display Display
“SOUTH” “EAST” “WEST” “NORTH”
Transmit Transmit Transmit Transmit
“SOUTH” “EAST” “WEST” “NORTH”
Delay
Take ‘PRESSURE’ data; Convert to

ASCII; Transmit and Display; Delay
Take ‘HUMIDITY’ data; Convert to

ASCII; Transmit and Display
B
POSSIBILITIES/Futurescope
 Sensors currently used may be replaced for higher range of operation
(temperature, pressure, humidity) while providing required mechanical support
according to the requirement and where cost doesn’t matter:-
 ML 5.8GHz-1Km camera system (Cost: INR 70,000)
 High temperture (Range -70 °C -500 °C) Platinum RTD-Pt100 (Cost: INR 600)
 Capacitive polymer humidity sensor (Oper. temp.erature: -40 °C-120 °C)-HCH1000 (Cost: INR 100)
(Note: All these components can work at 12 VDC)
 The system can be added with:-
 Wind speed sensors
 RF audio devices
 The system has important role at:-

 Power plants where the transmitter section may be installed with components suited to the conditions
 In test centre/lab experiments for which human intervention is at risk
 With added sensors for distance measurement, the system may be used for rescue operations.
 In various industries

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Aravind Suresh (09) ; Sarika R (38) ; Nirupama Sreedharan (24) ; Sandeep Ajayan (52)

ROBOT FOR REMOTE DATA ACCESS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 2

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 3

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 4

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART)-

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 5

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 6

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

 Air Temperature Sensor LM35-

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 8

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

 Wind Direction Sensor-

COMPONENTS & DEVICES

 L1117 Fixed/Adj. Low Dropout Linear

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 10

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 11

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 12

Design {POWER SUPPLY}

LM317 (Adjustable voltage regulator)

 Output voltage of LM317 set using variable resistor R9

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 13

Design {POWER SUPPLY}

 Vout= 1.25V(1+ R9/R10)+ Iadj*R2

L1117-3.3 (Low drop out fixed voltage regulator)

 Output voltage of L1117 is 3.3V for Xbee module

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 14

Design {POWER SUPPLY}

 Transformer 230V-50Hz (600 mA)

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 15

Design {POWER SUPPLY}

 A capacitor is preferred at output for stability, a 10 µF is chosen

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 16

Tranmsitter Program (FLOW CHART)

Allocate m/m for registers in data RAM

Declare subroutine for data display on LCD

Initialize Program memory

Configure USART,ADC,Timer and Ports for

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 17

Display “voice controlled x-bee robot”

Display “waiting for voice commands”

Initiate trolley control ‘left’

Tranmsitter Program (FLOW CHART)

Display “VOICE MODE EXIT”

Trolley remote OFF

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 21

Receiver Program (FLOW CHART)

Allocate m/m for registers in data RAM

Declare subroutine for data display on LCD

Initialize Program memory

Receiver Program (FLOW CHART)

Take ‘TEMPERATURE’ data

Transmit ‘TEMPERATURE’ data

Receiver Program (FLOW CHART)

Take ‘LIGHT INTENSITY’ data;

Receiver Program (FLOWE CHART)

Take ‘PRESSURE’ data; Convert to

Take ‘HUMIDITY’ data; Convert to

 The system has important role at:-

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR 26