Submitted to:

Mr. ROHIT SARIN submitted by :

supreet kour
REG NO. 10900519
In 1903 the Wright brothers made history with their first flight. Twenty-four years
later "Lucky Lindy" flew solo across the Atlantic. Then Beryl Markham became the
first pilot to fly from England to America. By 1937 jet engines were being tested.
Nineteen forty-seven marked the first supersonic flight, and 1951 introduced the
traveling public to the first turbo-jet airliner company, aptly named Comet Airlines.
By 1976, the Concorde was making regularly scheduled commercial supersonic
transatlantic flights, and wide-body jets carrying 400 passengers or more were the
staple of the industry. Airlines at that time were heavily regulated by the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) and other agencies, and subsequently had to adhere to
government-controlled routes, fares, and schedules.

The industry saw tremendous changes, however, when Congress decided that the
federal government should get out of the business of regulating airlines. It was time to
let the marketplace determine airline ticket prices and how often it would be necessary
for a carrier to schedule flights to places like Peoria, Illinois, and Fargo, North
Dakota.
India's major domestic airline, the government run Indian Airlines, flies
extensively throughout the nation and into neighboring countries. Its sister
concern Alliance Air runs on secondary routes covering India totally. The
country's international carrier, Air-India, also operates domestic services,
principally on the Bombay-Delhi, Bombay-Madras, Bombay-Calcutta, &
Delhi-Calcutta routes.

Second to Indian Airlines is Jet Airways, which handles 200 schedules in

India on daily basics. Other private operators are Sahara   etc. Kindly
refer Air Schedules  section for detail flight operations.

Following are the important aspects to be kept in mind for air travelers in
India. Also refer Travel Tips section for Air travel.

Baggage and Baggage Allowance:

Baggage may be carried into the passenger cabin or checked into the cargo
hold. Passenger's free entitlement is as follows: Economy class Adults or
child: 30 kgs, Infant: 10 kgs, First/Executive Class adult or child : 40 kgs.
Infant: 10 kgs. Baggage weighing more than the free allowance will be paid
for by rates calculated per excess kilo of weight.

Hand Baggage and Security Checks:

All baggage whether checked in or carried in hand is subject to security

check. Security regulations allow only one piece of hand baggage into the
passenger cabin.

Fares for Children & infants:

All infants under 2 years accompanied by an adult and not occupying a seat
are charged 10 % of the basic fare. Additional infants under two
accompanying the same adult or occupying seat and children over two years
who have not reached their twelfth birthday are charged 50 % of the basic
fare and ATT. Children may travel unaccompanied only under certain
conditions. Please check with the Airlines.

Refunds:
Refunds are made to the passenger or to the approved Travel Agent who
purchased the ticket. Tickets purchased in cash from an Indian Airlines office
can be cancelled at the same or any other Indian Airlines office. Tickets
purchased through a recognized Travel Agent will be refunded to the Agent
only. Refund charges on Domestic Flights - Adult/Child tickets Rs. 100,
Infant tickets-Nil, Refund on tickets where flight delayed/cancelled - Nil.
International ticket - Refund administration charge-Rs.. 200. No refund can
be made against lost tickets.

Reporting Times at Airport:

At Srinagar/Jammu/Leh : 2 hrs before departure. For other airbus flights: 75

minutes before departure. For non-Airbus and Boeing 90 minutes flights: 60
minutes before departure. For International flights: 150 minutes before
departure.

Reservations and Reconfirmations:

All onward or return reservations must be reconfirmed whenever there is a

break-journey of 72 hours or more. Failure to do so may result in
cancellation of the reservation. Reconfirmation is not necessary, when a
passenger breaks his journey at a point for less than 72 hours.

Validity of Tickets:

All Indian Airlines passenger tickets for domestic travel are valid for one year
from the date of issue of Rupee paid tickets. Tickets issued for travel on
international sectors or purchased on US $ fare, are valid for one year from
the date of commencement of the journey, or the date of issue of the ticket
as the case may be.

Airport Tax (AT) and Passenger Services Fee(PSF):

Payable on adult, Child or infant tickets for international travel. Rs. 300
when travelling to a neighboring country. RS. 500 to other countries. PSF
payable on adult and child tickets on domestic sectors only. RS. 125/- per
sector, PSF not payable on international or domestic-international tickets
paid against dollar tariff. For International travel many Airlines arrive in
major cities of India, however maximum traffic operates through Mumbai
Airport. Indian Airlines is also offering dollar pass for unlimited travelling in
India for 15 days.
Your Passenger Rights at Hand
The European Commission has launched its Your Passenger Rights At Hand campaign that will
enable passengers to enjoy easier access to information about their rights when travelling by
air. Air passenger rights deal with the following issues:

 flight delays, cancellations and denied boarding

 assistance for people with disabilities or reduced mobility
 package holidays
 lost or damaged baggage
 price transparency
 identity of the airline

You can find more details about the campaign and download leafletssetting out your rights on
the Commission's website.

You can also watch the following videos about your rights. 

 Luggage
 Cancelled Flights
 Assistance for people with reduced mobility

Airports and the travel industry can order free leaflets and posters from the European
Commission website.

Direct Booking with an Airline

Airlines are not included within the ATOL Scheme, so if you booked direct with an airline that
has ceased trading you will not be covered. If you paid directly to the airline by credit card you
might be protected by Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974. You should check with
your card issuer for further advice.

If you booked airline ticket through a travel agent you should speak to the agent. Some travel
insurance covers airline insolvency, so if you took out a policy you should check whether this
provides cover.

Booked via an ATOL Holder

 If you booked flights together with other holiday arrangements with a travel company that
holds an ATOL (Air Travel Organiser's Licence), and received an invoice for these from this
company, it is responsible for arranging alternative flights for you so that your holiday can
continue. If you are abroad, it should make arrangements to bring you home at the end of your
trip.

If you have bought just flights from an ATOL travel company and it issued your ticket
straightaway, the company may provide airline failure insurance from which you can make a
claim. You should contact the ATOL travel company.

Scheduled Airline Failure Insurance

Some airlines, ATOL holders and travel agents will offer customers either a specific Scheduled
Airline Failure Insurance (SAFI) policy or include similar protection within a broader travel
insurance product. The type of protection provided may vary depending on the type of policy
taken out. A policy may cover the cost of the original tickets purchased or the additional cost of
purchasing new flights, such as when purchasing new tickets for travel back to the UK. 

Assistance for travellers

The Civil Aviation Authority is responsible for European passenger rights in the UK and works
with the Air Transport Users Council (AUC) in providing information and advice

General advice

Depending on the circumstances, European law requires airlines to provide assistance to

passengers during delays. This includes catering, communications and overnight
accommodation if necessary. If a delay extends beyond five hours, passengers can request a
refund if they choose not to travel. If a flight is cancelled alternative flight options should be
offered. Where these are unacceptable a full ticket refund should be provided, and in some
instances compensation.

How to resolve a problem or complaint

In the first instance you should contact your airline to resolve a problem or complaint.

If you are unhappy with the airline’s response, you should contact the Air Transport Users
Council (AUC), www.auc.org.uk.

The European Consumer Centre Network, www.ukecc.net, should be contacted when

complaints concern European flights booked and operated outside the UK.

If your flights were part of a holiday package, you should contact your tour operator.

If you are unhappy with the tour operator’s response, you should contactConsumer
Direct, www.consumerdirect.gov.uk.

Enforcement

Regulation (EC) 261/2004 sets out passenger rights against airlines when flights are delayed, 
cancelled or overbooked.  It also requires,  under Article 16,  that each EC Member State shall
designate a body responsible for the enforcement of the Regulation and a competent body that
airline customers can contact concerning alleged infringements.  The Civil Aviation Authority is
responsible for enforcement;  the Air Transport Users Council (AUC) provides advice to the
public on alleged infringements,  and provides information to the Civil Aviation Authority if,  in
its opinion,  a particular airline is consistently breaking the rules.

Important Update

Following the August 10, 2006 plot to bomb up to 10 passenger planes bound for the US from
the UK, all passengers will be subject to new hand baggage restrictions and security screening,
according to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

Changes include - banning liquids and gels at security checkpoints and aboard flights. This
means that you will not be permitted to bring any liquids or gels past the screening checkpoint or
on board, with a few exceptions.

Security will allow small doses of liquid medications through the security checkpoint and
onboard airplanes, a slight adjustment from the original ban.

All passengers will also be required to remove their shoes so they may be x-rayed with their
carry-on bags.

Lighters are still prohibited in both carry-on and checked baggage.

For the complete list announced by TSI see New Airport Security Carry-on Regulations for an
update of the new restrictions. The following older restrictions still apply.
Prohibited Items

Prohibited items are weapons, explosives, incendiaries, and include items that are seemingly
harmless but may be used as weapons - the so-called "dual use" items. You may not bring these
items to security checkpoints without authorization.

If you bring a prohibited item to the checkpoint, you may be criminally and or civilly prosecuted
or, at the least, asked to rid yourself of the item. A screener and or Law Enforcement Officer will
make this determination, depending on what the item is and the circumstances. This is because
bringing a prohibited item to a security checkpoint, even accidentally, is illegal.

Your prohibited item may be detained for use in an investigation and, if necessary, as evidence in
your criminal and or civil prosecution. If permitted by the screener or Law Enforcement Officer,
you may be allowed to consult with the airlines for possible assistance in placing the prohibited
item in checked baggage; withdraw with the item from the screening checkpoint at that time;
make other arrangements for the item, such as taking it to your car; or, voluntarily abandon the
item. Items that are voluntarily abandoned cannot be recovered and will not be returned to you.

The following charts outlines items that are permitted and items that are prohibited in your carry-
on or checked baggage. You should note that some items are allowed in your checked baggage,
but not your carry-on. Also pay careful attention to the 'Notes' included at the bottom of each
section as they contain important information about restrictions.

The Prohibited and Permitted Items Charts (below) are not intended to be all-inclusive and is
updated as necessary. To ensure everyone's security, the screener may determine that an item not
on the prohibited items chart is prohibited. In addition, the screener may also determine that an
item on the permitted chart is dangerous and therefore may not be brought through the security
checkpoint.

The charts apply to flights originating within the United States. Please check with your airline or
travel agent for restrictions at destinations outside of the United States.

Travel Rules & Regulations

 Travel, like any other activity, comes with its own set of rules and regulations. In addition to
familiarizing yourself with the laws of your destination, you need to be aware of rules governing
air travel, customs, and sending souvenirs back home.
 Airline Rules
 Import/Export Rules
 International Driving

Airline Rules

How to Plan Travel Around Security Alerts

 When you are traveling, you never know when there might be a heightened travel alert. Try to
stay on top of the news and comply with any requests made by the Transportation 

How to Know What You Can Carry Onto an Aircraft

With regulations constantly changing as threat levels rise and fall, you have to keep up with the
rules on what you can and can't take onto an airplane. Don't get caught by more »
 International Flight Rules & Regulations
When traveling internationally, it is crucial to know about airline rules and regulations in order to
avoid holdups at the airport. Before you fly internationally, be sure more »
 About Joint Federal Travel Regulations
The Joint Federal Travel Regulations (JFTR) is a publication covering monetary allowances
associated with military travel and transfers. It covers monetary compensation


 Travel Luggage Packing Restrictions

The days of flying airlines fee-free have come to an end. Now, in addition to arriving to the
airport on time, travelers have to make sure that they are aware of new rules 

Luggage Sizes for International Travel

With many airlines instituting new or stricter rules about baggage sizes on international flights,
travelers should be increasingly careful to stay within the published 

Some Common Airline Rules to Follow

Like every other activity, traveling comes with its own set of policies and
standards. When traveling to a destination, there are many things that you
should be aware of apart from rules of the destination. One of the most
important things that you should know is the rules of airlines and customs
beforehand. Familiarizing yourself with rules will not only help stay out of
trouble but can protect you from getting into any type of trouble. A DUI
lawyer or a DUI attorney might help you if you had been driving under the
influence of drugs, medication or alcohol. But, how are you going to be
saved if something goes wrong on the flight, which is entirely because of
your carelessness in understanding the laws? Or what would you do if you
lost your baggage while on the flight?

With a lot of fluctuation in the rules of different airlines, you need to be

constantly aware of regulations as to what you can and what you cannot
take onto an airplane, the various rules regarding children, or simply the
amount of luggage to carry with yourself. It is always better to do your
homework and check the set of laws for your airline before you leave so that
you do not get caught at the security checkpoint. The following are some
general rules defined by most of the airline authorities. However, it is
recommended to check your particular airline rules and regulations before
you start your journey. Read the following points to find out about some of
the common rules and regulations of airlines:

• Rules for children - All the airlines have a minimum and maximum age level
for children, according to which they establish rules. Most of the airlines
have a minimum age of five and maximum age of twelve. Similarly, a child
less than the age of twelve has to travel accompanied by parents. Likewise,
if a child is older than the maximum age level, special restrictions and
requirements might be applicable while traveling. For instance,
unaccompanied children are only allowed to travel in nonstop flights, or do
an early check in, typically 90 to 120 minutes.

• Rules for pets - Nowadays, a variety of airlines let you take pets with you.
You can either take them as checked baggage in the cargo, or as
accompanied baggage in cabin. Many airlines also require a health certificate
form the veterinarian. This document is verification that the pet has been
examined thoroughly, and is in a good health to travel on an airplane. One
important thing to keep in mind before traveling is the feeding timing of your
pet. Try withholding food at least 4-6 hours before the flight, as this will
prevent the pet from falling sick.

• Rules for cell phones - When you are on a flight, you are usually asked to
turn your cell phone to airplane mode, which results in disabling the wireless
communication on your phone. When your phone is on an airplane mode,
you cannot send or receive messages, browse on the internet or make calls.
This is due to the fact that radio signals could interfere with the
communication system of the aircraft. However, you can carry on with
activities like listening to music and playing games.

Airline Business and Law

Air & Space Law: Interdisciplinary analysis of the legal issues confronting
airlines in such areas as economics, finance, securities, bankruptcy, pricing,
marketing, distribution, alliances, joint-ventures and competition.
Offered by: Air&Space Law
Description
This course provides an interdisciplinary examination of the business and
legal issues confronting airlines in such areas as economics, pricing,
securities, bankruptcy, pricing, marketing, distribution, alliances, joint-
ventures and competition. It examines the practical and legal dimensions of
the regulatory and financial challenges of “starting up” a new airline,
purchasing and leasing aircraft, and expanding its operations. Tax
implications of aircraft finance also are explored.

Airline liabilities
Information

There are international laws in existence that provide a world-wide system of standards and

rules for air travel and in particular, common rules regarding minimum liability limits for the
carriage of passengers, cargo and baggage in the event of death, injury, damage, delay or
loss. These laws were first agreed and introduced worldwide in 1929 and in some
parts of the world, those liability limits set down in the 1929 legislation remain in place
today. The first international law introduced is known as the Warsaw Convention (1929) and
you can still see references to this legislation on the back of airline tickets and coupons
today.
Over the years, there have been a number of changes to and reviews of the original Warsaw
Convention, including increases in the monetary liability limits. These subsequent
amendments together with the original Warsaw Convention are known collectively as the
"Warsaw System".
While the Warsaw Convention as amended brought about a certain degree of uniformity,
i.e., similar monetary limits were in place in a number of countries, there was a realisation
in the 1990s that the liability limits were still too low by present-day standards (about
19,000 euro in the case of the death of a passenger). In addition,
thelaws governing airline liability had become fragmented and very confusing as some
countries had not introduced all the various amendments to the original laws. This means
that even today, depending on where the accident or incident takes place, liability limits can
be higher or lower than in other countries.

Rules
Air travel on EU airlines (death/injury to passengers)
In order to improve the liability regime in the event of death of or injury to
passengers of EU airlines, Member States of the EU introduced legislation in
1997 that ensured that the same limits are now in place in all EU Member
States. The 1997 legislation, however, does not include damage, delay or
loss of baggage . Liability limits for damage, delay or loss of baggage or
cargo still rely on the 1929 Warsaw Convention.
There is currently no financial limit on the liability of an EU airline for
damages sustained by you in the event ofdeath, wounding or any other
bodily injury. Passengers who are travelling with an EU airline will receive
full compensation in the case of an accident, regardless of where it happens (i.e.,
inside or outside the EU) and will receive up-front payments if necessary to help with any
immediate economic hardship.
The EU airline will, without delay and in any event, not later than 15 days
after the person entitled to compensation has been identified, make an
advance payment to meet immediate economic needs in line with the
hardship suffered as a result of the accident. If someone dies, the advance
payment shall not be less than 15,000 SDR (approx. 21,600 euro) per
passenger. It is important to note that an advance payment shall not
constitute recognition of liability and may be offset against any subsequent
sums that are paid on the basis of EU air carrier liability. Generally, these
payments are not returnable. To help resolve smaller claims, when
responding to damages claims by passengers up to a level of 100,000 SDR
(approx. 144,000 euro), EU airlines can only be exonerated from their
liability if the damage was caused by or contributed to by the
negligence of the injured or deceased passenger.
You can view the (pdf)text of this 1997 EU legislation (known as Council
Regulation 2027/97 Air Carrier Liability in the Event of Accidents).
The 1997 legislation is about to be revised again, this time further increasing
the liability limits for death or injury to passengers, but also taking into
account liability limits for damage, delay or loss of baggage and cargo.
Air travel on non-EU Airlines (death or injury to passengers)
Due to the complex nature of the laws governing airline liability, liability
limits in place in various countries around the world vary and can be as low
as 19,000 euro in the event of death or injury to a passenger. You are
advised before you travel to seek adequate travel insurance in
advance of your journey and you can also check in advance of travel to find
out the liability limits governing the airline you are travelling with.
Damage, loss or delay of baggage
The airline liability limits in place covering the damage, loss or delay of baggage are as set
down in the Warsaw System. New legislation is currently being prepared to increase these
 limits for travel on EU airlines and also on international airlines but the following rules set
out the current situation. You should also be aware that the liability of airlines in the
event of damage, loss or delay of baggage has certain conditions attached to it:
 Airline liability is based on the weight of your baggage/luggage and not on the
value of either the baggage or the items contained in your baggage
 Airlines may not accept liability for valuable, fragile or important items that are
packed in damaged or unsuitable containers and later damaged in transit. You are always
advised to pack items in suitable containers and seek adequate travel insurance before you
travel if you are carrying such items.

Checked baggage
This is baggage/luggage that you have given custody of to the airline at the time you check-
in and confirm that you will be taking your seat on the flight. Some airlines will not take
responsibility for loss of jewellery, other valuables and money contained in your checked
baggage. It may be possible to sign a declaration that your baggage contains
items of higher value and you may have the option of paying additional charges at check-in
to cover the higher value in the event of loss of or damage to your baggage. If you do not
sign a declaration and pay the additional charges, the liability of the airline in the
event of damage to your checked baggage is limited to approximately US$20 per
kilogram of checked baggage.

Unchecked baggage
This is baggage/luggage/duty-free items/personal items that you have in your possession
when you board the aircraft. In the case of damage to your unchecked baggage, the
liability of the airline is limited to approximately US $400 per passenger.

How to apply
If you are travelling on an airline and your baggage is lost, damaged or delayed, you should
begin first by reporting the loss, damage or delay to the customer service
desk of your airline and completing a Property Irregularity Report (PIR). The PIR will include
information regarding the details of your flight (i.e., the airline, date, flight number and
time, etc.), your baggage, your name and address, etc. You will be given a copy of the PIR
and theairline will retain the other copy.
You should find the baggage labels you were given when you checked-in your luggage (they
would have been given to you by the check-in staff and contain a bar-code and a number.
This reference number relates to your baggage and will help the airline identify your
baggage and help trace it for you).
If your baggage is not returned during your holiday or journey, remember to keep
receipts of items you had to purchase because of your missing luggage.
Put your complaint to the airline in writing promptly (there is a time-limit of 21 days from
the delivery of your baggage in which to make a claim).

References
http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=125&pagetype=90&pageid=6480
http://www.indiatravelite.com/airway/domestic1.htm

http://www.jobmonkey.com/airline/html/page100913.html

http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=125&pagetype=90&pageid=9522

http://www.mcgill.ca/iasl/courses/aspl614/

http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/travel_and_recreation/air_travel/airline_liability.html

http://crime.about.com/od/terrorism/a/flypersonal.htm

http://www.ehow.com/topic_1344_travel-rules-regulations.html

http://ezinearticles.com/?Some-Common-Airline-Rules-to-Follow&id=4977601