Basic English Sentence Structures: Parts of speech

Sentences are formed from words that belong to different categories depending on their
function. The word "fire", for example, can be a noun or a verb depending on its usage.
Noun: "The fire burned the building."
Verb: "Fire the gun."

 ADJECTIVE - modifies a noun.

Examples: yellow, pretty, useful

Adjectives have three degrees: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.

Example: old, older, oldest

 ARTICLE - specifies whether the noun is specific or a member of a class. The definite
article "the" refers to specific objects. The indefinite articles "a", and "an" refer to an
unspecified member of a class. The article "a" is used before a word starting with a
consonant sound and "an" is used before a word starting with a vowel sound.
Examples: a, an, the

 ADVERB - modifies a verb or an adjective. Many adverbs have the suffix -ly.

Examples: very, extremely, carefully

 CONJUNCTION - joins components of a sentence or phrase. Coordinating

conjunctions join clauses which are equally important. A subordinating
conjunction joins a dependent clause to a main clause. Some conjunctions occur in
pairs, e.g., neither ... nor, either ... or. 
Examples: and, but, or
 INTERJECTION - is used for exclamations.
Examples: Oh!, Aha!

 NOUN - names an object or action. Common nouns refer to ordinary things. Proper

nouns are usually capitalized and refer to persons, specific things or specific places.
Examples: mouse, fire, Michael

 PREPOSITION - indicates relationship or relative position of objects.

Examples: in, about, toward 

 PRONOUN - is used in place of a noun. Personal pronouns are used to refer to

persons.Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. Demonstrative pronouns refer
to a previously mentioned object or objects. Relative pronouns introduce clauses. 
Examples: he, this 

 VERB - specifies an action or links the subject to a complement. The tense of a verb
indicates the time when the action happened, e.g., past, present, of future. 
Examples: take, is, go, fire