Fysikh G Gymnasioy

taexeiola.blogspot.
com
(A)
u1
u2
t1
x
u3
t2
()
t3
t =;
h=
t=
1
t1
S/
So
1 :

2
t2
2 :
S/
x
=
O
3 :
E AB
/s)
u(m
4 : . t =
0
y1
h=
)
t(s
5 :0
10
O
125m
y2
t=4
t=5
;
s
taexeiola.blogspot.com
-
: .
: .
.

x .
[m]

x
=
: , t
. [m/s].

=
E: , t
. [m/s2].
,
.
... ( ): ,

. = .
(m/s)
x(m)
x=t
t(s)

t(s)

.
.
, :
(m/s2)
(m/s)
=t
t(s)
t(s)
- -
H

t(s)
.
(m)
x = t2
: .
(m/s2)
= g =
t(s)
(m/s)
=gt
t(s)
x (m)
x = g t2
t(s)
;

. .
; T ;
(A)
.
,
. :

.
,
.
;
()

, .
14.
.

. ..
100m,
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
..
( t - t = t 2 t 1 );
sec (s)
sec (s)

.
.

..

( ) 08:15 ( ). S.I. 1s

( t = 0 )
15.
(.. ) .
t
,
t t = t t = t 2 t 1
;

()

(, )
!

(.
)
:
, ( ).
, . .. = 100 C . l00
C ( ) , . , ,
...
: , , , ( ).
, x
xx ,

x
Ox . , , ...
;

(.. ) :
16.

+
x
+
30m
20m
A2
-20
A1
+30
To 1
x1 = +30
x 2 = 20 (.
1
30m
2 20m)
!
xx

.
1 :
,
.
: xx
() . .
2 :

..
, x = d
.

x = + d ,

.

:
.
. .
x x
.

.
x xx
x
()

.
x xx.
x .
.
x , ,
x , .
17.
x
A
x1
x2
x = M = x2 - x1
:
. :
. :
. : .
:
i.
ii.
( )

. x = x - x = x 2 - x1 .

H ( x )

( x )

: x = x 2 x1 .
( ) :
x = x x = x 2 x1 x 2 , x1
.
;
A2
-4
A1
+2
( x > 0 x 2 x1 > 0 x 2 > x1 )

.
:
.
x1 = 4m x 2 = 2m :
x = x x = x 2 x1 = ( 2m ) ( 4m ) = +2m
.
x1 = 4m x 2 = +2m :
x = x x = x 2 x1 = ( +2m ) ( 4m ) = +6m
( x < 0 x 2 x1 < 0 x 2 < x1 )

.
:
.
x1 = +4m x 2 = +2m :
18.
x = x x = x 2 x1 = ( +2m ) ( +4m ) = 2m
.
x1 = +4m x 2 = 2m :
x = x x = x 2 x1 = ( 2m ) ( +4m ) = 6m
A2
A1
-2
+4

, .

.
x A x B

: d = x A x B
:
. x A = +8m
d = xA xB = xB xA
x B = +5m . :
d = x A x B = ( +8m ) ( +5m ) = ( +3m ) = 3m
. x = +6m
x = 2m . :
d = x x = ( 2m ) ( +6m ) = ( 8m ) = 8m
S.
O
x B
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
.
:
. ,
x 0 = 0m , x = +10m
x = +4m .
:
x = x x = x x = ( +4m ) ( 0m ) = +4m
:
19.
S = d OA + d AB = x A x O + x B x A =
= ( +10m ) 0m + ( +4m ) ( +10m ) = 10m + 6m = 16m
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
S
. ,
x = +10m .
:
x = x x = x O x = ( 0m ) ( 0m ) = 0m
:
S = d OA + d AO = x A x O + x O x A =
= ( +10m ) 0m + ( 0m ) ( +10m ) = 10m + 10m = 20m
. ,
x = +10m
x = 6m .
:
O
B
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
x = x x = x B x = ( 6m ) ( 0m ) = 6m
:
S = d OA + d AB = x A x O + x B x A =
= ( +10m ) 0m + ( 6m ) ( +10m ) = 10m + 16m = 26m
S
.
1. ( )
(
), t = t t .
2.

( x = x x ).
.
3. .
4. :
.
.
. .
20.

1. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2.
x1 x 2 ;
:
3. :
.
.
.
.
4. :
.
.
.
. ,
5. :
.
.
.
. ,
6.
:
.
.
.
.
7. . :
.
.
.
.
8. x1 = 8cm . x = 10cm , :
. x 2 = 2 cm
. x 2 = 2 cm
. x 2 = 18cm
. x 2 = 18cm x 2 = 2 cm
21.
9.
x1 = +2 cm x = 6 cm . :
. x 2 = +6 cm
. x 2 = +8cm
. x 2 = 4 cm
10. x1
x = 8cm x 2 = 0 cm . :
. x1 = +8cm
. x1 = 16 cm
. x1 = 8cm
. x1 = 6 cm
11. M1 M 2
x1 = 2 cm x 2 = 10 cm . :
. d = 8cm
. d = 8cm
. d = 10 cm
. d = 12 cm
12.
x1 = +4 cm x = +8cm x = 22cm . :
. x 2 = 0 cm
. x 2 = 10 cm
. x 2 = +1cm
() ().
13. ,
.
14. , .
15. ,
.
16. .
:
17.
...............
................... .
22.
1
:

2
;
; ( ).
3
;
x1 = 3m x 2 = 5m .
. H ..
.
. .
. .
2
07:15 07:45.
08:05 08:15 .
. .
. .
. (t) (t).
.
:

( ) ,

( x ) (t) .

x
=
=

t
,
. ,
.
( )
.

(t)
.
S.I. 1m/s,
(m) (s).
: km/h, cm/s,km/s ...
24.
() ( ),

.
( ) =
!
()

S.I. m/s.
S
t
()
,

(, ...)
:
-
t = 1,5 h . s = 120 km :
S 120 km
=
= 80 km / h
t
1,5 h
()
.
()
t
t.
;

( ),
( x )
( t ), ( t ).
25.
!
H

(t)

x.
( ) =

x

x x 2 x1
=
=
=
t
t
t 2 t1
() .
;

. .
.

x

x
.
t
, .
;

(
)

..

x

t
.

.
, 10km ,
...
26.
.. x t
. .
x(m)
20
20
20
20
20
20
t(s)
. . ,
xx, yy.
. cm (1, 2, 3, 4)
(0, 5, 10, 15) cm
.
5 t(s)
10 15 20 25 t(s)
x(cm)
4
3
2
1
0
x(cm)
40
30
20
10
0
.
(x, t) .
. x t.
40
30
20
10
x(m)
0 1 2 3 4 5
1. =
t(s)
x
t
.
2.
3. .
4. .
5. =
S
.
t
27.
1m/s 1Km/h;
1
km
3600 km
1000m 10
1000
m/s
=
1m / s =
=
= 3, 6 km / h , 1m / h = 1
1
3600s 36
1000
h
h
3600
. 1m/s 1km/h.
1 = 20m / s , 2 = 50km / h
3 = 5000cm / min .
;
, .. km/h.
20
km
72000 km
1000
=
= 72 km / h
: 1 = 20 m / s =
1
1000 h
h
3600
: 2 = 50 km / h
50
km
3000 km
=
= 3km / h
: 3 = 5000 cm / min = 50 m / min = 1000
1
1000 h
h
60
.
28.
xox t1 = 3s
x = 13m
t 2 = 7s xB = +19m .
.

x
: =
t
: x = x x = x B x A = ( +19m ) ( 13m ) = +32m
(2)
: t = t t = t 2 t1 = 7s 3s = 4s
( )( )
=
(1)
2 , 3
(1)
(3)
+32m
= +8 m / s (+) 4s
.
: =
:
S = x = x B x A = 32m
( 5 ), ( 3 )
( 4 )
=
(5 )
x-13
32m
= 8 m / s
4s
s
t o
(4)
x
O
0
S
+19 x
,
x = +10m x = +4m t = 4s .

x
: =
(1)
t
:
x = x x = x B x O = ( +4m ) ( 0m ) = +4m
(2)
: t = 4s
(3)
O
x B
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
29.
( )( )
=
(1)
2 , 3
+4m
= +1m / s (+) 4s
.
: =
s
t o
(4)
S = d OA + d AB = x A x O + x B x A = ( +10m ) 0m + ( +4m ) ( +10m ) =

= 10m + 6m = 16m
(5 )
( 5 ), ( 3 )
( 4 )
=
+16m
= +4 m / s .
4s
t1 = 3s ,
x = +10m
t 2 = 8s .
.

x
: =
(1)
t
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
x = x x = x x O = ( 0m ) ( 0m ) = 0m
(2)
: t = t t = t 2 t1 = 5s
( )( )
=
(1)
2 , 3
(3)
0m
= 0 m / s , .
4s
: =
s
t o
(4)
S = d OA + d A = x A x O + x x A = ( +10m ) 0m + ( 0m ) ( +10m ) =
= 10m + 10m = 20m
(5 )
( 5 ), ( 3 )
( 4 )
=
20m
= 4 m / s .
5s
30.

1. ; .
;
:
2. 2 m/s :
.
.
.
.
3. 4 m/s. :
.
.
.
.
4. 4 m / s , :
.
.
.
.
() ().
5. 36km/h 5m/s
6. .
7.
:
8. . . .
1.
31.
1 = 30m / s 2 = 40Km / h .
2. xox
t1 = 5s
x A = 3m , t 2 = 9s
x B = 19m . .
3. , x = +10m x = 6m t = 2s .
.
4. ,
x = +8m x = +1m t = 7s .
.
5.
t1 = 0s ,
x = +20m
t 2 = 10s .
.
32.
1
() ()
:
. .
. .
. .
2
;
S.I;
T ( u ) ;
1
xOx
t1 = 0sec ( x1 = 0 ) . t 2 = 5s
x 2 = +1,8m
t 3 = 10s x 3 = +1m .
:
.
.
.
2
t1 = 0s
t 2 = 4 s x = +12m .
t 3 = 8s .
.
4s .
.
t = 8s .
;
.
;
x=t

:
x
x
t
x = 50m x = 50m

A
B

= . , , .

.
;

t:
x
t=
:

x o

x
x 2 x1
=
=
=
= . (1)
t
t
t 2 t1
:

x x x 2 x1
=
=
=
= . (2), t .
t t
t 2 t1
= .
34.
!
S
x
. x = x
t = t S = x.
(1) (2) .

t1 = 0
x1 = 0 ( ), t 2 = t
x 2 = x t.
(1) x 2 = x , t 2 = t x1 = 0 , t1 = 0
: =
x
= . (3) x = t (4).
t
, ( ).
(m)

. ( = . )
t(s)
.

(. = . ),
.
B. -
x x(m)
: x = t x = t
(.
x = t x = t ) t(s)

-
.

.
- .
-
x
-t
(m/s)
B
A
E = x
t (s)
35.

.
-
.

- .
: E OAB = ( ) ( ) = t = x ().
- , ,
,
.
-.

x - t
x (m)
x2
A
x1
0
t1
t2
t (s)
x = x 2 x1 , t = t 2 t1
=
H
- .
-
.
- .
- .
.
.

.
:
= =
x
=
=

t
- .
36.
x - t
t.

> .
x(m)
A
xA
xB
t1
t(sec)
1. :
. ,
. S
( x )
.
. , ( )
. S
2.
( - t) x t.
3. , -
, = =
37.
= 50m/s .
t 0 = 0
xox.
. x1 t1 = 4s
. t 2 x 2 = 600m
.
.
x = t
(1)
m
4s x1 = 200 m .
s
x
600
. (1) x = x 2 t = t 2 x 2 = t 2 t 2 = 2 t 2 =
s t 2 = 12s
50
.
,
.
(1) t = t1 x = x1 x1 = t1 x1 = 50
(m/s)
x (m)
50
600
25
200
4
12
t (s)
12
t (s)
:
- (x - t)
.
38.
xox = 10m/s
( t1 = 0s )
x1 = +20m .
. x 2 t 2 = 4s
. t 3 x 3 = 0
. - - .
. :
x 2 x1
x 2 x1 = ( t 2 t1 ) x 2 = x1 + ( t 2 t1 )
t 2 t1
x 2 = 20m 10m / s ( 4 0 ) s x 2 = 20m 40m x 2 = 20m

. =
t3 = 0 +
x 3 x1
x x1
x x1
t 3 t1 = 3
t 3 = t1 + 3
t 3 t1
0 ( +20m )
10m / s
t 3 = 2s
.
.
.
(m/s)
10
0
t (s)
-10
x (m)

.. ( x1 , t1 ) ( x 2 , t 2 ) .

.
20
0
t (s)
-20
1 = 5m/s 2 = 3m/s , d AB = 12m .

. .
. . 1 2 .
39.
.
.
1
(A)
(B)
(d)
()
x2
x1
t = t .
1 2 . 1 x1
2 x 2 . x1 = d + x 2
1 , x1 = 1 t
(1) .
(2)
2 , x 2 = 2 t
(3 )
( 2 ), ( 3 )
(1)
1 t = d + 2 t ( 1 2 ) t = d
t =
d
12
s t = 6s
t =
1 2
5
( 3)
x1 . (2) :
x1 = 1 t = 5m / s 6s = 30m . 6s 30m .
. t
1
(A)
()
(x1)
d
(x2)
()
40.
: d = x1 + x 2
(1)
1 2 :
x1 = 1 t
( 2 )
x 2 = 2 t
(3) .
( 2 ), ( 3 )
(1)
d = 1 t + 2 t t =
d
12
s t = 1, 5s
t =
1 + 2
(5 + 3 )
x1 .
(2): x1 = 5m / s 1,5s = 7,5 m

. 1 = 60m/s
2 = 100m/s . t = 4s :
.
.
. .
. S
S2 A
:
t1 = t 2 = t / 2 = 2s (1) S = S1 + S2
t S1
S1
t1
S2
t2
( 2 ) .
1 2 t1 t 2 S1 S2
:
S1 = 1 t1 = 60m / s 2s = 120 m
(3)
S2 = 2 t 2 = 100m / s 2s = 200 m
(4)
. : S = S1 + S2 = 320 m
. : =
S 320m
=
= 80 m / s
t
4s
:
t t.
.
41.
. 1 = 30m/s
2 = 70m/s .
S = 210m :
.
, ,
. .
. S ,
S1 = S / 2
S2 = S / 2 . ,
t t1 , t 2
S/2
t1
S/2
t2
S1 S2 .
S1 S2 : S1 = S2 = S / 2 = 105 m (1)
:
1 =
S1
S 105
t1 = 1 =
s = 3,5s
t1
1 30
(2)
2 =
: t = t1 + t 2 = 5s
. : =
S 210m
=
= 42 m / s
t
5s
S2
S
105
t2 = 2 =
s = 1,5s
t2
2
70
(4)
(3 )
42.

1. ;
2.
;
3. (, t)
.
4. (x, t)
.
:
5. :
.
.
.
.
6. :
.
.
.
.
() ().
8. ,
.
9. .
10. .
11. -
.
12. .
:
13.
. .
43.
1. 72 km / h.
t 0 = 0 xox.
. m/s
. .
. t = 60s ;
. x1 = 1000 m ;
. - - .
2. x = +5t (S.I.) .
. ;
. ;
. ;
. t1 = 10s t 2 = 15s ;
. - .
3. x
. (0s 2s),(2s 4s),(4s 8s)
. t1 = 1s , t 2 = 3s t 3 = 5s
.

.

x(m)
20
t(s)
0
44.
4.
-
x
.
. 0 10s
.

x 0 = +20 m .
(m/s)
8
4
12
t(s)
5.
t = 5h , d = 400 km . A 100km -
1 = 50 km / h , .
6. ,
.
. .
. -
- .
t (s)
(m/s)
x (m)
5
40
15
45.
1
() ()
:
.
.
.
.
. - .
2
; ;
3
; (
).
1
= 30m / s t 0 = 0s xOx .
. t1 = 5s .
. t 2 x 2 = 600m .
. t , x t .
2

- .
. .
.
t = 4s .
x(m)
20
A
B
12
0
t(sec)
46.
(. 23 - 25)
E:
1. . :
. .
.
.
.
.
2. : , ,
: , .
3. . m/s ()
. O : =
x
x = t . () ().
t
. ().
4.
,
.

.
x (m)
t1
t2
t(s)
5. H ()
.

.
6. , .
(.. ).
7. ,
.
47.
8. 0,001km/h
100km/h
30.000km/h
5km/h
1000km/h
() 300.000km/s
:
1. .
=
x
200m
=
= 40m / s = . = 40m / s .
t
5s
x
x = t x = 40m / s 10s = 400m .
t
x
x 800m
t =
=
t = 20s , :
t
40m / s
(t)
(s)
(x)
(m)
()
(m/s)
200
40
10
400
40
20
800
40
2. . : =
. : =
x
200m
=
= 10,52m / s
t
19s
x
x 10.000m
t =
=
t = 950,57s t 15,85min .
t
10,52m / s
u(m/s)
3. . . :
. 1
:
x
x = t = 20m / s (5 2)s x = 60m
t
2

u - t .
:
20
10
1
5 t(s)
E = x = ( ) ( ) = (5 2 ) s ( 20 ) m / s = 60m
u(m/s)
A
20
10
E = x
5 t(s)
2
48.
. .
x = t x = 20 t (1)
:
t = 0s x = 0m
t = 2s x = 20m / s2s = 40m
x(m)
100
40
t = 5s x = 20m / s5s = 100m
t(s)
4. . .
. 1
x
(1)
x = t
t
:
t1 = 0s x1 = 0m , t 2 = 10s x 2 = 75m
=
x 75m 0m
=
= 7,5m / s (2)
t
10s 0s
(2)
(1) x = 7,5m / s (6 2 ) s = 30m

2
: x = x 2 x1 = 45m 15m = 30m
. t = 8s x = 60m.
. =
x 30m
=
= 7,5m / s
t
4s
. t
.
5. .
:
t1 = 0s x1 = 0m , t 2 = 2s x 2 = 30m
A =
x x 2 x1 (30 0)m
=
=
= 15m / s
t
t 2 t1
(2 0)s
:
t1 = 0s x1 = 0m , t 2 = 2s x 2 = 60m
B =
x x 2 x1 (60 0)m
=
=
= 30m / s . A < B
t
t 2 t1
(2 0)s
(m/s)
7,5
0
10 t(s)

6. . x = x1 + x 2
49.
(1)
x1
x1 = 1 t1 = 20m / s50s = 1000m , x1 = 1000m
t1
x 2
2 =
x 2 = 2 t = 30m / s 100s = 3000m , x 2 = 3000m
t
1 =
(2)
(3)
(2)
(1) x = 1000m + 3000m = 4000m x = 4Km
(4)
(3)
. t = 50s + 100s t = 150s t =

=
150
15
h t =
h
3600
360
(6)
4Km 4360Km
=
= 96km / h
15
15h
h
360
7. :
x
x
4500m
1800
t =
t =
= 1800s =
h t = 0,5h
t
2,5m / s
3600
8. . =
= 50Km / h = 50
. = 100Km / h =
x
x = t
t
(1)
500m
125
1000m 500
1s =
m
m / s , (1): x1 =
=
36s
9
3600s
36
1000
250
m / s , (1): x 2 =
m
36
9
9. ,
.
t = t A t B (1) t tB
50Km.
: A =
: B =
x
x
50Km
tA =
=
t A = 1h (2)
tA
u A 50Km / h
x
x
50Km
5
tB =
=
tB = h
tB
B 80Km / h
8
(2)
5
3
(1) t = 1h h = h = 0,375h
(3)
8
8
(3)
.

, , .
.

.

.

.

,

. =
t

52.

H
, ,

S.I. 1m / s 2

;
-

= /t
=
t

:

=
t
t:

. , .
t =

= t
2 1
=

t
t 2 t1

:
: =
: .
;
.

:

(
).
. To
.

=

53.

( ).

= .
=0
= 0
>0
<0
> 0
< 0
=t

( 0 = 0 ) .

t:

;
:
1
2 1
=
= 2
t
t 2 t1
t 2 t1
(1) .
( 1 = 0 ) t=
( t1 = 0 ) ,
( t 2 = t ) ( 2 = ) (1)
54.
x = 1/2 t2
: =
(2 )
= t
(3)
, : x =
:
1
1
t2 x = t2
2
2
(4 )
( )
= t
. x = t 2
2
2 = 2 x .
t=
1 2
t
2
t:
x
t2 =
x
1
1 2
2
x = 2 x =
.
2
2
( 0 = 0
1 = 0 ) ;

. = .
(m/s2)
( = )
t(s)
-
(m/s) ( t)
t(s)
- ( 0 = 0 )

.

=
= 2 1 = .
t
t 2 t1
. : = t

.

.
. :
x(m)
x =
t(s)
- (0 = 0)
x(m) (x t2)
t (s )
-
( 0 = 0 )
(m/s2)
B
A
E =
0
t (s)
55.
1
1
t 2 x = t 2
2
2
.
,

.
-.

. -
. -
. : E OAB = ( ) ( ) = t =
- ,
, ()
, .
- .

- t

- .
-
(. -
56.
=

(m/s)
1
0
t1
= 2 1
. t
( t = t 2 t1 ).
.
:
.
- .
= =
t2
t (s)

=
=

t
- t 2

1. .
2. .

t.

. ( ) .
3. .

t.

. ( ) .
4. :
.
. x .
5.
( - t)
t.
6. - .
7. t .
57.

. t1 = 2s, t 2 = 6s, t 3 = 10s t 4 = 12s
1 = 4m/s, 2 = 8m/s, 3 = 8m/s 4 = 0m/s ,

: t A = t 2 - t 1 , t B = t 3 - t 2 , t = t 4 - t 3 .
: =
2 1
=
t
t 2 t1
t A = t 2 t1 = 6s 2s = 4 s, =
t B = t 3 t 2 = 4s, B =
(1)
8m / s 4m / s
= 1m / s 2 .
4s
8m / s 8m / s
= 0m / s 2 .
4s
0m / s 8m / s
= 4m / s 2 .
2s
t ,
t = t 4 t 3 = 2 s, =
t t .

= 4m/s 2 . t1 = 2s 1 = 2m/s
. t 2 = 6s .
. t 3 3 = 22m/s .
. :
2 1
( t 2 t1 ) = 2 1 2 = 1 + ( t 2 t1 )
t 2 t1
2 = 2m / s + 4m / s 2 (6s 2s ) 2 = 18m/s
58.
. :
3 1

22m / s 2m / s
t 3 t1 = 3 1 t 3 = t1 + 3 1 t 3 = 2s +
t 3 = 7s
t 3 t1
4m / s 2
-
.
.
(m/s)
12
4
0
7 t(sec)
t : 0s 2s . 2 ( ). : 1 =
2 1 12m / s 0m / s
=
=
1 = 6m/s 2 .
t
t 2 t1
2s 0s
t : 2s 4s .
2 = 12m / s ( = 0 ) . : 2 =
0m / s
=
2 = 0
t
t
t : 4s 7s . 3 (
) ( , 3 ) :
3 =
0m / s 12m / s
=
3 = -4m/s 2
t
7s 4s
6
0
:
t -
-4
(m/s )
2 4
t(sec)
x t, t
.

t 0 = 0 1 = 20m/s
x1 = 100m t1 .
. t1 .
59.
. t 2 = 15s t = t 2 - t 1 .
. , -
- .
. :
= t
1
(1) x = t 2
2
(2)
t = t1 , = 1 x = x1 . (1) :
t1 =
(3)
2
2
1 2
(3)
(2)
x1 = 12 x1 = 1 = 1 = 2m/s 2 (4)
2
2
2x1
(4)
(3)
t 1 = 10s
. t = t 2 = 15s , = 2 x = x 2 . (1) 2 = 2m / s 2 15s = 30m / s ,

( 2 ) x 2 =
1
2
2m / s 2 (15s ) x 2 = 225m
2
: x = x 2 x1 = 225m 100m = 125m

:
- :
(m/s )
(m/s)
x(m)
30
20
10 15
- :
t(s)
225
100
10 15
t(s)
10 15
t(s)
.
5o 18 m.
. ;
. t, t x t.
60.
1
. x = t 2 .
2
4 -5 s x = x 5 x 4 :
x = 18m , x 5 =
1
1
t 52 x 4 = t 42
2
2
x =
1 2 1 2
1
2x
218m
t 5 t 4 x = ( t 52 t 24 ) = 2 2 = 2
= 4m / s 2
2
2
2
( t 5 t 4 ) (5 4 2 ) s 2
1
0 = 0
t=0
x4
t = 4s
x5
18m
2
t = 5s
. :
(m/s2)
- : = 4m / s 2 .
,
.
- :
, 2 .
= t = 4t
:
t=0
= 4m / s 2 0s = 0
t1 = 1s
1 = 4m / s 2 1s = 4m / s
- :
t(s)
t(s)
(m/s)
8
4
0
61.
:
. ,
.
: x =
1 2 1 2
t = 4t = 2t 2 (m)
2
2
(x, t).
t=0
x = 2m / s 2 02 s 2 = 0m
t1 = 1s
x1 = 2m / s 2 12 s 2 = 2m
t 2 = 2s x 2 = 2m / s 2 22 s 2 = 8m
t 3 = 2s
x 3 = 2m / s 2 32 s 2 = 18m
x(m)
t 4 = 4s x 4 = 2m / s 2 42 s 2 = 32m
- :
:
5 -
30
24
18
12
6
0
4 t(s)
t1 = 4s t 2 = 5s , t = 1s .
25m .
.
1 = 1m/s 2 2 = 0, 5m/s 2 , :
. ;
. ;
. ;
. :
:
.
1 = 1m/s
25m
2 = 0,5m/s
2
1 2
x1
: x1 = 1 t , 1 = 1 t .
2
: . -
: x 2 =
1 2
2 t , 2 = 2 t .
2
62.
, :
1
1
1
1
25m + x 2 = x1 25m + 2 t 2 = 1 t 2 25m = 1 t 2 2 t 2
2
2
2
2
1 2
225m
2
2
2
t (1 2 ) = 25m t =
t = 100s t = 10s
2
1 2
10s.
. x 2 .:
1
1
2 t 2 = 0,5102 m = 25m
2
2
. :
x2 =
: 1 = 1 t = 10m / s .
: 2 = 2 t = 5m / s .

( x =
1
t 2 )
2
- (m/s)
A
.
t
t(s)
O
-
. t

. .
x = E AO =
1
1
1
1
= t
x = t t x = t 2
(O )( A ) = t
2
2
2
2
( : = t )
t = 0
( x = 0 ) x = x =
1
t 2
2
63.

1. :
. ;
. ;
2. - ;
3. - -
. .
4. ( t ) , ( t )
( x t )
( t 0 = 0, x 0 = 0, 0 = 0 )
:
5. :
.
.
.
.
6.
:
.
.
.
.
7. :
.
.
.
.
8. :
.
.
.
.
9.
:
.
.
.
.
64.
() ().
10. .
11.
.
12. -4 m/s -2 m/s,

13.
, .
14. -
.
15. .
16.
= 10 t (S.I ) . = 10m / s 2 .
:
17. 4m/s2
. .
18. xox = 4t (S.I ) . .,
. (S.I )
19. .
65.
1. , , , xx.
t1 = 2s t 2 = 4s :
. 1 = 2m / s, 2 = 4m / s
. 1 = 4m / s, 2 = 2m / s
. 1 = 1m / s, 2 = 5m / s
. 1 = 5m / s, 2 = 1m / s
.
2. . t 0 = 0s x 0 = 0m .
t = 10s = 20m / s
.
t = 10s
. ,- , .
3.
x = 800m .
t = 20s .
:
. ,
. .
4. .
t 0 = 0s -
x 0 = 0m 0 = 0s .
x = 32m = 8m / s . :
. .
. x = 32 m;
. , , .
66.
5.
.
.
.
t1 = 1s, t 2 = 5s, t 3 = 9s .
(m/s)
24
16
8
.
.
6.
.
.
.
t1 = 1s, t 2 = 5s, t 3 = 9s
.

7.
10
t(s)
8 10
t(s)
(m/s)
20
10
0
= 3m / s 2 t1 = 4s 6s
.
. 0 6s
. , ,
t 2 = 10s
8. ( 0 = 0m / s ) t 0 = 0s
= 4m / s .
.
2
t1 = 4s .
. x 2 = 72m
. 10
.
9.
t 0 = 0s
, A = 20m / s
67.
B = 2m / s 2 .
. t , x ;
.
.
10.
.
.
.
. .
11.
(m/s)
10
0
56
t(sec)
t (s)
x (m)

, .
. .
. - , - .
12.
, .
. .
. - , - - .
(m/s2) (m/s)
50
68.
1
() ()
:
2
. 4m / s .
4m / s .
.
.
2
; ;
S.I.;
3
:
. .................... .
. .................... - ,
- ....................
1
= 5m / s 2 .
.
. t = 8s
. 50m / s ;
2

.
.
t = 0s t1 = 10s t1 = 10s t 2 = 20s .
. t1 = 10s t 2 = 20s .
. - t.
(m/s)
20
0
10
20
t(sec)
69.
(. 36 - 39)
E:
1.
.
.
.
.
2. . .
. .
3. = .
, = t
1
, x = t 2
2
4. . .

.

, .
. . , .

.

.
5. : =
= t
t
(1)
. t = 1s = 4m / s 2 1s = 4m / s
. t = 2s = 4m / s 2 2s = 8m / s
6.
70.
x1 x 2 x 2 > x1 ,
.
t1
x1
t2
t3
x2

.
1. t = t 2 t1 = t 3 t 2

=

: = 2 1 = 2 1
t
t 2 t1
t
3 2
2
= 3
t3 t 2
t
(2)
3 1

= 3 1
t 3 t1
2t
(1)
(3)
2
t1
x1 x2
t1 = t 2 t1 = t t 3 = t 3 t1 = 2t :
x1 =
x 2 =
2x1
1
t12 =
2
t 2
(1)
2x 2
2x 2
1
=
t 32 =
(2)
2
2
2
4t
( 2t )
(1) : M = M (2)
t
t
(1) (2) :
7. : =
A 70m / s 60m / s 1
= t =
=
= = 2 > .
M M
20m / s 0m / s 2
t
(m/s)
(m/s)
t(s)
(m/s)
9.
t(s)
(m/s )
8.
71.
t(s)
t(s)
(m/s)
t(s)
2
.
( x = )
t(s)
(m)
t(s)
(m)
(m)
10.
.
x

t(s)
.
x

72.
:
1. :
2 1 16m / s 10m / s
=
=
= 2m / s 2
t
t
3s
=

0 .
2. : =
2 1
=
(1)
t
t
1 = 0m / s , 2 = 10m / s .
(1) =
10m / s 0m / s
= 12,5m / s 2
0,8s
3.
: = t
(1)
x =
1
t 2
2
(2)
. (1) t = 5s = 1m / s 2 5s = 5m / s
1
. (2) t = 5s x = 1m / s 2 25s 2 = 12,5m
2
4.
= t t =
18m / s
t=
t = 6s
3m / s 2
5.
: x =
1
2x 23m
t2 = 2 =
= 6m / s 2
2
t
1s 2
6. :
= t = 4m / s 2 2,5s = 10m / s ( )
t
: = 2 1 2 = + 1 2 = (10 + 2)m / s = 12m / s
=
7. :
. =
2 1
0m / s 24m / s
=
=
= 8m / s 2
t
t
3s
73.
1 0m / s 24m / s
= 4m / s 2 , : =
t = 2
=
t = 6s
2
t
4m / s 2
8. :
1
1
3m / s 22m / s
=
= 2
t = 2
t =
t = 9s
t
t
2m / s 2
. =
9.
: = t =
x =
24m / s
=
= 2m / s 2
t
12s
(1)
1
1
t 2 = 2m / s 2 (12s) 2 x = 144m
2
2
10. . : =
2 1
(1)
=
t
t 2 t1
(2)
t 2 = 0s 1 = 0m / s
2
(2) (1) = 0, 2m / s
t1 = 20s 2 = 4m / s
. :
1 :
1
1
t 2 = 0, 2m / s 2 (20s) 2 x = 40m
2
2
2 ()

x =
x = E ABO =
1
1
( AB)(OB) = 4m / s20s = 40m
2
2
(m/s)
A
EABO = x
2
O
10
B
20
t(s)
11. .
. (0 10) sec

4m / s 0m / s
=
1 = 0, 4m / s 2 .
t
10s 0s
. (10 25)s
= 4m / s .
. (25 35)s 1 =
3 =
2m / s 4m / s
=
3 = 0, 4m / s 2
t
30s 25s
.

= g :
. .

. .
.
.
g= 9,81m/s2 ,
g=10m/s2.
;

= g . .
76.
2
(m/s )
. :
= g = .
t(s)
-
:
. : : = g t

:
(m/s)
t(s)
. :
-
y(m)
: y =
1
g t 2
2
y(m)
t(s)

:

:
2
t (s )
1. .
2.
( g)
= gt , y =
1
g t2
2
3. g :
.
.
.
77.
h.
5s. :
. , ;
. ;
. 1s ; ;
g = 10m/s 2 .
To
t = 0s
1
: y = gt 2 (1) = gt (2)
2
.
(1) t = 5s .
h=;
t = 5s
1 2 1
gt = 10m / s 2 (5s) 2 = 125m
2
2
. (2)
E: h =
t = 5s . : = gt = 10m / s 2 5s = 50m / s
.
t = 5s , 1s
4s.
(1)
t =0
h=125m
y1
y2
1
t1 = 4s
t = 5s
t = t1 = 4s .
1 2 1
gt1 = 10m / s 2 (4s) 2 = 80m .
2
2
:
: y1 =
y 2 = h y1 = (125 80)m = 45m

(2) t = t1 = 4s .
: = gt1 = 10m / s 2 4s = 40m / s
78.
h = 45m :
. ;
. ;
. , - ,
- . g = 10m/s 2 .
t=0
y=
h = 45m
1 2
gt y = h = 45m .
2
: h =
1 2
2h
245m
=
= 3s .
gt t =
2
g
10m / s 2
= gt t = 3s . : = gt = 30m / s .
. -
t = 3s ( = 30m / s ) .
- .
, .
t = 1s : y1 =
1 2
gt = 5m .
2
t = 2s : y 2 =
1 2
gt = 20m .
2
1 2
gt = 45m .
2
-

.
t = 3s : y3 =
-

= g = 10m / s 2 .
(m/s)
10
40
30
20
30
(m/s )
y(m)
t(s)
10
0
t(s)
t(s)
79.

.
t =
2h
.
g
= 2gh .
1. ;
2. ,
;
3. ; ;
4. .
- .

5. :
.
.
.
.
6. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
80.
7. m 2m
. :
. .
. .
. o ,
.
. o
8.
.
.
.
.
9. :
.
.
.
.
() ().
10.
.
11. .
12. .
:
13. .
..
14. : ()
() .
15. ..
.
81.
1. H = 80m .
. t = 2s ;
.
= 30m / s ;
2
. ; g = 10m / s
. .
2. H.
t = 9s . g = 10m / s 2
. H
. h = 85m ;
3.
g = 10m / s 2 . 4 1 = 30m / s
2 = 60m / s .
.
. 4
. - -
.
4. ( ) .
. ,
;
. ,
. .
82.
1
.

1.
. = g t
. x = t
2.
. x =
3.
4.
1
t2
2
. = .
. = .
. x = .
2
; ;
3
;
1

h = 35m . :
. .
. . ( g = 10m / s 2 )
2
.
10s . :
. .
. t = 5s . ( g = 10m / s 2 ).
;
83.
(. 43 - 44)
E:
1. , .

1 2
y = g t .
2
2.
. .. ,
.
, 1 .
3.
: y =
1
g t 2 .
2
y=
: t =
1
2y 2
2y
=t t=
g t2
2
g
g
2y
g
(1), : t .. =
2y
g B..
(2)
y g .. > g , (1) (2) : t > t .. .

.
4. : g =
1
g
6
(1)
84.
y , t
t .
1
g t 2 t =
2
:
1
y = g t 2 t =
2
y=
t
=
t
2y
g
t
=
t
2y
g
2y
g
2y
g
(2)
(2) (3):
(3)
2y
g (1) g
=
= 6 > 1 t > t
2y
1
g
g
6
.
.
: = g t
(5)
= g t
(6)
1
g 6 t
g t (1) 6
6
(5) (6):
=
=
=
< 1 <
(4)
g t
g t
6
.
5.
( max = g ) .
= 0
:
min = 0 < < max = g
A:
1.

= g = 10m / s 2 .
= 10m / s .

(
).
:
t 1 = t
y1 =
y2 =
85.
1
g t12 (1), t 2 = t + 1
2
1
g t 22 (2). :
2
(1)
y = y 2 y1 y =
(2)
1
1
1
1
g t 22 g t12 = g ( t 22 t12 ) = g ( t 2 t1 )( t 2 + t 1 )
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
g ( t + 1 t )( t + 1 + t ) = g ( 2t + 1) y = g ( 2t + 1)
2
2
2
.
y =
2. :
1
g t2
(2) = g = 10m / s 2
2
. = 10m / s 2 .
= gt
(1) y =
(3)
. (1) = 10m / s 2 5s = 50m / s
1
. (2) y = 10m / s 2 (5s) 2 = 125m
2
3.
: = g t (1) y =
1
g t 2 (2) = g = 10m / s 2
2
(3)
. t = 1s (1) = 10m / s .
. t = 2s y = h h .
1
(2) : h = 10m / s 2 (2s) 2 = 20m
2
4. .
= g = 10m / s 2 . :
y=
1
g t2
2
(1) = g t
(2) .
y1 = 1m, y 2 = 3m
(1): t =
y3 = 10m
2y
g
(3)
:
t1 = 0, 447s, t 2 = 0, 775s t 3 = 1, 414s

.
(2) .
1 = 4, 47m / s, 2 = 7, 75m / s, 3 = 14,14m / s
F 12
F1
F2
F3
F
y
45
y
6 : -
F = 10N
7 :
F8= 1:
0N

2m
F1 = 6N
9 :
10 :
0N
11
8N
F2 =
- B
:
.
.
, .
F.:
.
: , .
.
, :
, :
F. = F12 + F2 2
:
.
:
.
: .
Hooke: (F = k x)
: (F) .
1 : -
, .

F. = 0, : = = 0
2 :

.

F
F = m =
m
3 :
.
,
.

F = F
1 :
1 g
1 m/s2.
1 N = 1 Kg 1 m/s2
:

.
F=G
m1 m 2
d2
m1 ,m 2 :
G :
d :
:
.

w =m g
:

.
.
.
,

. .
.
, .
!

.

. .
.
.
.
;
- H
90.

: , , .

.

.
.

.. , , ,
.
; ( Hooke).
1
2
.
.
.
.
Hooke:

.
F = k (m)
:
k: (/m).
1 ().
, .
- H
91.
x
F = 10N
x
F = 10N

. : 10
.

. .

,
.
To
.
!
O F

F.

, .
F2
F1
()

-
- H
92.
F = F1 + F2
!

.

F1 F2 :
F1 = 3N F =F1 +F2 =7N
F2 = 4N
Fo = F1 + F2 = 3N + 4N = 7N
;

.
F = F1 F2

F1 F2 :
F1 = 5N
F = 3N
!

.
F = F1 F2 = 5N 2N = 3N
F2 = 2N
;
,

.
.
- H

:

.
93.
F2
, :
Fo2 = F12 + F22 F = F12 + F22
(3N ) + ( 4N )
2
F1 = 3N
F2
.. F =
2 = 2 + 2
F F
1
F1
F = 5N
:
=
F2 = 4N
F1 3
=
F2 4
y
F2 = 6N
.
,
.
F =10N
F1 = 8N
;

.
F2 = 5N
F = 0
F1 = 5N
- H
94.

.

.

F3 = F1,2
F1
F12
F2
F3

.
F1 = 3N F2 = 4N
F1 F2
:
Fo
F = F + F = 3N + 4N = 7N
F1
F = F2 F1 = 4N 3N = 1N

F = F12 + F22 =
F2
(3N ) + ( 4N )
2
= 5N
F F2
F = 5N
F1

.

.
,
,
.
- H
95.
F1
F1 = 20 N F2 = 50 N,
.
1 : , 1 cm
N . .. 1cm 10N
F2
2 :
:
. 1cm 10N
x1 = 2cm
x1 20N
F1 x1 = 2 cm.
. 1cm 10N
x 2 = 5cm
x 2 50N
F2 x2 = 5 cm.
F1
2 cm
F2
5 cm
F
3:
, ,
( ).
Fo = F1 + F2, x = x1 + x2 = 7 cm
4: Fo . , F 7 cm:
1cm 10N
F = 70
7 cm F
F F1 F2.
;
F = 300 N, = 45.
1 : ,
:
1cm 60N
x = 5cm
x 300N
- H
96.
x
O y
3 : (45o)
. .
.
F
45
y
3
y
Fy
x
45
Fx
4o
A
F
1cm 60N
Fx = 210N , ( )
3,5cm Fx
1cm 60N
Fy = 210N , ( )
3,5cm Fy
Fy
4o : ,
xx yy. xx,
, Fx.
yy , Fy.
5o :
Fx,F y.
Fx:
2 :
. , xx
( ), yy .
Fx B

;
( ) :
. .
=
. .
Fy, :
=
Fy
, Fy : Fy = F
F
. .
=
. .
O -
- H
97.
Fx, :
=
Fx
, Fx : Fx = F
F
1.
.
2. .
3.
( ) (
).
4.
, .
5. () ,
.
6. :
. .
. .
7. .
- H
98.
F1 = 8N F2 = 6.
:
. .
. .
. .
.
:
F2 F1 F
F = F1 + F2 = 8N + 6N = 14N
.

:
F2
F1
F
F = F1 F2 = 8N 6N = 2N
.
( ) :
F = F12 + F22 =
(8N ) + (6N )
2
F1
= 100N 2 = 10N
F2
.
.
F3 = 8N
F2 = 2N
F1 = 10N
.
F3 = 9N
F1 = 6N
F2 = 1N
- H
99.
. F 1 F2
.
F1,2 = F1 + F2 = 10N + 2N = 12N
F1,2 F3 :
F = F1,2 F3 = 12N 8N = 4N
. F 2 F3
.
F2,3
F2,3 = F3 F2 = 9N 1N = 8N
F2,3 F1 .
F = F2,32 + F12 =
(8N ) + (6N )
2
F1
= 10N
F1 = 10N F2 = 4N.
.
Fmax = F1 + F2 = 10N + 4 Fmax = 14N

.
Fmin = F1 F2 = 6N
F 1 =
20N, F2 = 10N F3 . F3.

.
F3
F2
F1
F3 F1, F2
. : F3 = F1 + F2 = 30N
.
.
F1 = 6N
F2 = 8N

.
W
- H
100.

F1 F2.
F1,2 = F12 + F22 =
(6N ) + (8N )
2
F1,2 = 10N
= 10N
F2 = 8N
F1 = 6N
(w) F 1,2

w = F1,2 = 10N
.

.
()
(cm)
8
10
100
2
4cm, :
i. 2 4cm
x
10cm
ii. 2 4cm
8
y
y = 16cm
x = 5N
iii. 2 4cm
z
100cm
z = 50N
()
2N
5N
(cm)
4cm
10cm
8N
50N
16cm 100cm
- H
101.

1. ; (
).
2.

.
3.
;
4. .
5. F1 = 5N .
F2 = 12N . .
6. F1 = 6N
F2 = 8N F = 14N .
.
.
7. H :
. .
. .
. .
8. :
. .
. .
. .
9. :
. .
. .
. .
- H
102.
1. F1 = 5 F2 = 12 :
. .
.
. .
.
2.
.
F 3.
3.
F1 = 10N
F2 = 2N
F1 = 5N
F2 = 12N
900. .
w
4. F1 = 10
x1 = 5cm. F1 F2 = 5N , ;
5. .
F2 = 12N
F3 = 7N
F1 = 3N
F2 = 4N
F3 = 4N
F1 = 9N
F2 = 1N
F1 = 5N
F4 = 1N
- H
103.
1
. ;
. ;
2
. ;
. Hooke. ;
3
() ().
. .
. .
. .
. , .
.
.
. .
1
F1 = 100N F2 = 80N.
.
2
F1 = 9N F2 = 12N F = 15.
.
- H
104.
(. 54 - 56)
E:
1. , , , , , .
2. :
- , ...
:
, ...
3. .
. .
4. 1 1cm 5 5cm 10 10cm.

5. F 1 F2 , F3 F4 , F 5 F 6 F 6
F 5, F 7 F 8 F8
.
6. (w) (F). .
7. .
F
w
8. (.) (.)
9. F = 700
F = 100. F = 600

.
- H
105.
10. Fmax = F1 + F2 = 400N + 300N = 700N . Fmin = F1 F2 = 400N 300N = 100N

.
F1
11.
, -
F1,2
Fmin = F1 F2 .

F1,2
.
F2
F3
12. .
:
1. .
Fo
F1
45o
F = F1 + F2 = 20N
.
F2
F2
60o
F2
F2
F1
F1
F1
F1
F2
F = F1 F2 = 0
00 (1800).
2. 2 1mm.
50N 25mm.
2N
: F1 = F2 = 18mm
= 36N
mm
3. . F = F1 + F2 = 4N + 3N = 7N . F = F1 F2 = 4N 3N = 1N
.
F = F12 + F22 =
( 4N ) + (3N )
2
= 25N 2 = 5N
y
F2
450
F1
- H
106.
4.
: F1,2 = F1 + F2 = 175N . F3,4 = F3 + F4 = 155N .
F = F1,2 F3,4 = 20N . .
5. E .
F1
F3
F'2
F2
F'3
F'1
F4 F5 F4,5
. F6 F7.
F4,5 F6,7.
F5
A
F4
F4,5
F7
F4,5
F6,7
6. . : x1 = 5cm
F6,7
F6
. F' = 40N
7. .
To . :
300
1
Fx = F60o = 75 = 37,5N
2
O
8. . F = F12 + F22 =
(6N ) + (8N )
2
A F
Fy
600
B
Fx
= 36N 2 + 64N 2 = 100N 2 F = 10N
H =
F2 8N 4
=
=
F1 6N 3
.
F . F 3 10 F .
; .
!
1 .
(). ,
.
.
:
, .

.
1 .

, .

(
).
1 .

.
108.
.
1

. .

.
1.
.
2.
:

. = 0 = 0 .
.

= . .
109.
F1 = 10N F2 .
t = 0 x = 0
= 10m/s .
. F2 ;
.
t1 = 4s ;
.
. : F = 0 F1 F2 = 0 10N F2 = 0N F2 = 10N .
. :
x1 x
x 0m
10m / s = 1
x1 = 40m .
t1 t
4s 0s

( F )
. x = t .
. .
.
.
.
110.

1. ;
2. 1 .
3. 1 .
4.
.
.
5. ,
:
.
.
.
. .
6. ;
.
. .
. .
. .
7.
, ;
8.
.
i.
.
ii. .
iii. .
111.
1. .
w = 10N:
. ;
. , .
2. .
( )
F = 500N. ; ; ( ).
3.
. ; ;
112.
1
() ().
. .
. .
. .
2
1 .
3
:
....................
.................... .
1
= 10m / s . F1 = 10N F2 . :
. F2 .
. t = 5s .
2
.
t = 2s S = 50m
t = 0s .
;

. . .
; .
.
.
F=m
2 .
m:
m=
F
m

( F )
m.
F
(1) o
m
Fo m
m
!
F .
.
114.
1.
.
2.
( - ) ( ).
3. 1 () (1 = 1g 1m / s 2 ) 1
1Kg
1m / s 2 .
4. (1) F = m .
1.
.
2.

( ).
3. F = m .
115.
m = 2Kg F = 10N F
. :
. .
. t = 4s
.
. .
.
;
F
10N
= 5m / s 2
=
m
2Kg
. .
: = t = 5m / s 2 4s = 20m / s
. 2 : =
. : x =
1
1 m
2
t 2 = 5 2 ( 4s ) x = 40m
2
2 s
.

.
F F .
m F = 6m/s 2 , . 2m
F, ;
2m
F
116.
m: F = m
(1)
2m: F = 2m
(2)
(1) (2) :
F
m
=
1=
= 3m / s 2
F 2m
2
m = 2Kg = 4m/s 2 .
. .
.
.
.
F = 12N
. 2 :
F = m F = 2g 4m / s 2 F = 8N .
F = 4
F = 12N
F
F :
F = F F F = F F F = 4N
(m/s)
.

( = t ) .
t(s)
m = 2Kg
(m/s)

4
.
. ;
. .
5 t(s)
2
. .
. 5s.
. 0s 2s
. 2s
.
.
: = t =
4m / s
=
= 2m / s 2 .
t
2s
117.
2s 5s .
. 2 : F = m F = 2Kg 2m / s 2 F = 4N .
.
S1 =
1 m
1 2
2
t S1 = 2 2 ( 2s ) = 4m . S2 = t
2 s
2
S2 = 12m . S = S1 + S2 S = 16m .
m = 1Kg
F = 10N = 60 .
. :
. .
. t = 3s
.
(Fx
Fy). Fx
:
F = 10N
Fy
F = 10N
x
Fx
1
Fx = F = 10N = 5 ( .)
F
2
. Fx :
Fx
5
m
=
= 5 2 ()
m
1g
s
. = .
: = t
t = 3s : = 5
m
s
3s = 15
m
s
118.

1. ;
2. .
.
3. 2
. ;
.
4. F1 F2 .
:
. .
. .
. F1 F2 .
. .
5. m = 1Kg F = 2N .
:
.
.
.
. .
6. m = 5Kg , F = 5N . :
. 1m / s 2
. 2m / s 2
. 0,5m / s 2
. 5m / s 2
7. :
. .
. .
. .
FB= 10N
m B 4Kg
FA = 5N
m A 2Kg
1. m = 10Kg
119.
. -
F1 = 3N
F2 = 4N . :
. .
. .
. = 4m / s .
2. m = 2Kg
t = 4s -
8m. :
. ;
. .
. 5s.
. .
3. m = 1Kg .
F1 = 12N F2 = 5N . :
. .
. .
. .
4.
m = 2Kg
F = 12N F = 4N . :
F = 4
F = 12N
120.
. .
. 2s.
5.
w = 100N
F = 120N .
= 2m / s 2 , :
. .
. 4s .
6.
m = 2Kg . -
t = 4s 16m. :
. .
. .
. 4s.
7. m = 2Kg.
F1 = 2N, F2 = 8N
F3
F1
F2
F3 = 4N
. :
. (F).
. .
. .
. ( )
t = 5s .
121.
1
.
.
. ;
2
;
1. .
2. .
3.
.
4. .
3

.
2m
1
.
. ;
. t = 2s.
. t = 6s.
F = 10N
2
m = 2Kg . F1 = 10N F2 = 8N .
. ;
. 4s.
. 4s
.
122.
(. 63 - 66)
E:
1. / / / .
2. : . .
3. 1.
4. . . .
. .
.
.
. .

.
5.
.
6. . .
.
.
.
7. 1 F = 0.
8. .
, ( F = m ) .
9. 1 -
123.
. F1 F2
. F1 = F2 = 20N
10. : F = m
(1)

. 2 :
F = 2m (1) : F = 2F = 210N = 20N

11. 2
: m =
F 10
25
=
g = Kg .
1, 2
3
2 1 =
F
1 = 0, 6m / s 2 .
2m
: 2 =
F
= 0, 4m / s 2
3m
12. 2 .

.
F1
F2
13.
.
.
: .
.
14. .
. .
.
F 0 0 .
.
.
.
F .
124.
:
1. F = m =
F 10N
=
= 5m / s 2 . .
m 2Kg
2. 2 : F = m m =
F
2N
=
= 0,1Kg
20m / s 2
3. . : F = F + F + F + F = 4F = 120.000N
. 2 : =
F 120.000N
=
= 4m / s 2
m 30.000Kg
. .
= t = 4m / s 2 10s = 40m / s .
4. 2 F = m F = 300g 20m / s 2 = 6000N
.
.
.
F = 6000N = 20m / s 2 ( ).
5. . = t =
25m / s
=
= 5m / s 2 . F = m F = 900Kg 5m / s 2 = 4500N
t
5s
. F = m = 70g 5m / s 2 = 350N . .
2x
1
6. : : x = t 2 = 2 = 8m / s 2
t
2
2 F = m = 700Kg 8m / s 2 = 5600N .
7. =
0 30 10
=
=
= 2m / s 2 , F = m F = 1500Kg 2m / s 2 = 3000N .
t
t t0
10
8. 2
. :
2
2
F2 = F12 + F22 F2 = ( 6N ) + (8N ) F2 = 100N 2
F = 10N . =
F 10N
=
= 5m / s 2 .
m 2g
F1
F2
9. F = m = 6500m / s 2 0, 7Kg = 4550N

F .
N .

F=G
!
G

.
m2
m1
m1 m 2
F
F
d,

d
( ).
:
m1 m 2
d2
m1 , m 2 : (Kg).
G: ( N m 2 / Kg 2 ) .
d: (m).

.
.
1.
.
2. , .
3. , .
4. m h
F = G
.
m
d r = R r + h d d 2r
126.
w=mg
w
m:
w
m=

(m)
h
, W .
w = G
w
g
dr
Rr
M r m
d 2r
d r = R r + h
g:
w
g=
w
m
!

.
!

.
.
R r :
h:
m: .
2
:
w = mg
g=
w
m

. ,
, (g)
g = 9, 78m / s 2 g = 9,83m / s 2
1.
.
2. .
127.
- ;
.
.
. .
. Kg .
.
g.
w = mg .
.
.
1.
.
2. .
3. w = m g g
.
4. g.
.
128.

w = 128N . m = 80Kg.
w = m g g =
w 128N
=
= 1, 6m / s 2
m 80Kg
w = 100N
:
. h = R r .
. h = 3R r .
. :
M m
w = G r
Rr
h = R r :
w = G
M r m
(R r + R r )
=G
M r m
( 2R r )
1 M r m w
w 100N
=
G
= 25N
w = =
2
4
4
Rr
4
4
. h = 3R r .
w = G
M r m
(3R r + R r )
=G
M r m
( 4R r )
1 M r m w 100N
G
=
=
= 6, 25N
16
16
16
R r2
w = 98, 3N m = 10Kg .
g = 9, 83m/s 2 g = 9, 78m/s 2 .
129.
w = mg g =
w 98,3N
=
= 9,83m / s 2 .
m 10Kg
. .
m1 m 2 F = 16N .
.
.
. m1 m 2 ;
. : F = G
m1 m 2
d2
:
F = G
2m1 2m 2
m m
= 4G 1 2 2 = 4F = 64N
d2
d
. :
F = G
m1 m 2
( 2d )
=G
m1 m 2 1 m1 m 2 F
= G
= = 4N .
4
4
4d 2
d2
. w.
F = 2w . ( g = 10m/s 2 ).
. .
. 4s.
. 2s.
. 2
F = m F w = m 2w w = m w = m
mg = m = g = 10m / s 2
.
. :
= t = 10m / s 2 4s = 40m / s
. : x =
1
1
m
2
t 2 = 10 2 ( 2s ) = 20m
2
2
s
130.

1. .
2. ;
3. ; ;
4. ; ;
.
5. () ():
m1 m2 = 10 m1 r. :
. m1 m2.
. , .
. ,
.
6. () ():
. .
. .
. ,
.
7. ;
8. ; ;
131.
1. m = 80Kg
h = 3R .
g = 10m / s 2 .
2.
m = 1 g
.
g. = 9,78 m/s2, g.. = 9,83 m/s2.
3.
5105 N ,
.
r = 4 Rr, Rr .
4.
m = 2 Kg ,
F
= 2 m/s2. :
. F
. t = 5 s. ( g = 10m / s 2 ).
5. 4Kg.
:
. .
. 1m / s 2 .
. 2m / s 2 .
( g = 10m / s 2 ).
132.
1
. m = 10 g m = 10
g. ;
. 5Kg;
. 10Kg .
; ;
2
() ():
1. .
2. .
3.
.
3

;
1
m = 100 Kg mB = 1 Kg, r = 0,5 m.
. FA FB.
. , ;
. m
(F = 2F),
m.
2
w . F,
2g.
F m = 2Kg g = 10 m/s2.
10
( - )
!

.

.
.
.

.
.

.
;

( )

.

.
. F
.
134.
, .
1.
.
2. .
3.
.
4. .
135.
m = 2Kg .
F = 10N
. T = 8N :
. .
. 3s.
. 2s.
. 2
. F = m F T = m 10 8 = 2Kg = 1m / s 2 .
. .
: = t = 1m / s 2 3s = 3m / s .
. :
x =
1 2
1 m
2
t x = 1 2 ( 2s ) = 2m
2
2 s
m = 2Kg
= 10m/s t = 5s . T = 4N :
. .
. .
. 4s.
. :
= t 10m / s = 5s = 2m / s 2 .
. 2 :
F = m F T = m F = T + m
F = 4 + 2g 2m / s 2 F = 8N
. 4s :
136.
x = x 4 x 3 =
1
1
1 m
1 m
2
2
t 24 t 32 = 2 2 ( 4s ) 2 2 (3s ) = 16m 9m = 7m
2
2
2 s
2 s
m = 2Kg
F = 4N
= 1m/s 2 . .
F
4N
=
= 2m / s 2
m 2Kg
,
2 :
F = m F T = m T = F m = 4 2g 1
m
T = 2N
s2
:
m = 2Kg F = 6N :
.
.
. 4s.
(m/s)
12
8
4
2 4
6 t(s)
. 2s
4m / s . = t 4m / s = 2s
=2
m
.
s2
F
6N
=
= 3m / s 2 . 2
m 2Kg
:
=
F = m F T = m T = F m = 6 2g 2m / s 2 = 2N
. :
x=
1 2
1 m
2
t x = 2 2 ( 4s ) = 16m
2
2 s
137.

1. , ;
. 1 ().
. .
. .
.
.
2. ;
. m
F, : F + T = m .
.
.
. .
3. ; ;
138.
1. m = 2Kg
= 1.
F1 = 3N F2 = 4N
. :
. .
. .
. 4s.
2. = 5m / s2 . m = 70Kg .
w = 700N , :
. .
. 4s , ;
3.
m = 1Kg
F = 2N .
. , ;
. F , ,
= 12m / s ;
139.
1
,
;
2
;
;
3
= 2m / s 2 .
. .
. 4s.
. 2s.
1
.
2F 2. ;
2
F = 15N .
2,5g = 10
:
. .
. 4s
.
. .
. - .
140.
(. 75 - 78)
E:
1. , , , , , , .
2. 2 F = m w = F
= g w = mg
3. w = mg .
g,
. g
w = G
M m
d 2
.
4. . .
. .
. .
. .
5. F
m =
F
.
6.
w

m
, g = .
. 2 g =
7.
Fo = 0 F T = 0 F = T = 10N .
F
.
141.
8. .
Fo = 0 w N = 0 . F > T F. .
9. .
2 :
1 =
w1 A m1g A
A
=
=g
m1
m1
m1 (1)
2 =
w 2 A m2 g A
A
(2)
=
=g
m2
m2
m2
m1 > m 2 (1) (2) 1 > 2 .
1 = 1 t 2 = 2 t 1 > 2 .
10.
. :
: w = mg = 20N , : w = m g =
20
N.
6
w > w F = 20
F =
20
. :
6
. 2
t
F = m .
11. .
. .
. .
. .
12. m w. w = mg g =
w
m
.
13. .
142.
:
1. W = mg . :
. w = 0,1Kg 10m / s 2 = 1N
. w = 70Kg 10m / s 2 = 700N
. w = 900Kg 10m / s 2 = 9000N

2. , :
. w = mg = 750N
. w B = mg g B =
. w A = mg A = 285N
WB 690N
=
= 9, 2m / s 2
m
75Kg
3.
.
:
w = m g = 2Kg 10m / s 2 = 20N .
Fo = 0 w N = 0 w = N = 20N .
4. . 2 :
F = m F T = m 100 20 = 20g = 4m / s 2
. , : = t = 4m / s 2 2s = 8m / s
5. .
. :
= t 27m / s = 9s = 3m / s 2 .
. 2 :
F = m = 1200Kg 3m / s 2 = 3600N
. . :
F = F F. F = F + F. F = 3900
6.
. F = m = m g = 925g 12, 2m / s 2 = 11.285N
.
7. 2
.
F T = m T = F m = 40N 5Kg 6m / s 2 = 10N
11
(
- ). .
!

.

.
.
.
h
w () ( / w).
w
w
.
.
:
.
: .
- .
144.
:

.
.
.

.
.
1. ,

( - ).
2.
( ).
3. 2 (
).
4. -
.
145.
.
60Kg 120g. F1 = 180N . :
.
. .
. .
.
F2 = 180N .
.
: =
F1
F2
F2 180
=
= 3m / s 2
m 60g
. : =
F1
180
=
= 1,5m / s 2
m 120g
50Kg
; = g , ; g = 10m/s 2 .
. . :
m
= 500N
s2
. g 2
: F = m w N = mg = 0. .
N = w = m g = 50Kg 10
146.
m = 2Kg .
. .
. . (
= 30
g = 10m/s 2 ).
. F (
)
( ) 3
.

( ).
.
B
= 30
. ( Bx y ) .
. B y = N (1) T = Bx (2)
F = 0 . x
:
= x Bx = B x = mg
B
x = 2Kg 10m / s 2 30 = 10 .
(2) = x = 10N .
T
By
Bx
= 30
147.

1. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
2. .
. .
. .
. ,
.
. .
3. m ,
B1 B2 . .
;
. B2 B1 ,
.
. .
. .
.
.
4.
.
148.
1.
m1 = 1Kg m 2 = 1,5Kg
.
m1 1 = 2m / s 2 ,
m 2 .
2.
. m = 1Kg
= 45 .
. .
= 45
. . ( g = 10m / s 2 ).
m = 0,5Kgr
. -
3.
F = 2N = 60 ( )
:
. .
. F ( ).
. .
. x = 25m .
F
= 60
149.
1
() ().
. .
. .
. .
2
:
. .
. F
.
3
.
;
1
m = 0,5Kg . (
). g = 10m / s 2 .
2
( )
. 5
= 45 ; (
g = 10m / s 2 ).
= 45
150.
(. 86 - 88)
E:
1. . .
2. .
.
. , .
.
. -
.
3.
().
4.
.
F . F > T .
5. . - .
6.
. =
F
m
.
7. w
. -
151.
- .
.
8. w
. ,
.
(w, w) (, ).
9. .
.
F
()
m
..
.
. 2 =
10. .
11.
. - .
:
1. . w = m g = 0,1Kg 9,8m / s 2 = 0,98N
.
. w w1 = w = 0,98N
w.
. 2 =
F
0,98N
=
= 0,161024 m / s 2
m 61024 Kg
2. - .
F1 :
F1 = m1 1 = 40Kg 3m / s 2 = 120N
2 =
F1 120N
=
= 2m / s 2
m 2 60Kg
152.
3. . w
().
: w = T = 1N
.
. F
F = T = T = 1N .
4. w
.
. :
N = w = m g = 2Kg 10m / s 2 = 20N
5. .
. : N = w = m1 g = 50Kg 10m / s 2 = 500N .
.
. :
N = w + w = m 2 g + m1 g = 510N
. :
N = w + F = 572N
6. . 2 F = m F w = m
F = w + m
F = m g + m = 54.000
. F
F . F = F = 54.000N
cm
5
k1
Mil

m
A
0c
m
1
c
5 B
AEP
IO
F1
A2
F2 P2
A1
P1
12 :
o
13 : - ,
A

V.
o
14 :
W
o
15 :
h1
hA
A
h
-
P - : .
, .
P=
F
A
[/m2] = 1 Pascal
:

.
P=dgh
: d: (g/m3)
g: (m/s2)
h: (m)
Pascal (): ,

.
P =

:
P1 = P 2
F1
F
= 2
A1 A 2
:
,
.
A
:

.
= W
= d g V
: d:
g:
V: .
: d > d
d < d
d = d
: = w, H

.
:

.

:
= . + .
= . + d g h
12
;
.
.
F,
P=
,

.
F
A
F
A
F:
().
: (m2).
P=
F:
F=PA
A:
A=
F
P
= .
,
,
.
F = .,

,
, .
156.
:
: = 2
, : =
r: = r 2
!
:
. F.
. .
1P 1
(S.I.) ()
m 2 .
N
.
m2
N
.
m2
1KP ()
1KP = 1000 , (1atm).
Pascal, 1P = 1
m2
1KP 1000P
1atm 1, 013105
N
m2
.
cm 2
N
N
N
N
= 1 4 2 = 10 4 2 1 2 = 10 4 P
2
cm
10 m
m
cm
;
2 .
-
N
.
m2
.
.
1.H F
F
A
2. F ( )
( ).
3. .
P =
157.
:
. 10KP 2500
m2
. 32
N
3200P .
cm 2
,
(S.I.)
. 10 = 101000 = 10.000
N 1cm =10
=
cm 2
2
. 32
m2
32
.
m2
10KP > 2.500 2 .

2
m
m
N
N
= 32104 2 = 320.000P 32 2 > 3200P .

2
10 m
m
cm
4
.
20
; m2
AB = 30cm = 0, 3m
F
A
B = 20cm = 0, 2m
B
Z
E
. . 50
N
. .
m2
. A1 = 0,3m 0, 2m = 0, 06m 2 :
P=
F
N
F = P A = 20 2 0, 06m 2 F = 1, 2N
A
m
158.
. :
P2 =
F
F
1, 2N
A2 =
=
= 0, 024m 2
A2
P2 50 N
m2
( = 5cm, = 10cm, = 15cm)

2Kg. :
.
K
2
N/cm .
.
Milk 15cm
5cA
m
B 10cm
N/cm 2 .
. . .
2
g = 10m/s .
. A1 A1 = 5cm 10cm = 50cm 2

B = mg = 20N ,
P1 =
B
= 0, 4N / cm 2 .
A1
. A 2 A 2 = 15cm 5cm = 75cm 2

P2 =
B
= 0, 27N / cm 2 .
A2
. . , . P1 > P2 .
. .
10g 20cm,
N/cm 2 .
. 200N = 4cm .

, N/cm 2
;
. ;
159.
. w = m g = 10Kg 10m / s 2 = 100N .

= 20cm :
A = 2 = ( 20cm ) = 400cm 2
2
P =
w
F F= w
100
N
P = =
= 0, 25 2
A
400cm 2
cm
. .
:
2
4cm
2
2
A = r 2 = =
= 3,14(2cm) = 12,56cm
2
2

: F = w o = w + w = 100N + 200N = 300 .

4
F =
w
300N
F=
= 75N ,
4
4
F
75
=
= 5,97N / cm 2 .
A 12,56cm 2
. :
F
300
=
= 5,97N / cm 2
412,56cm 2
160.

1. :
...................., F
.................... .................... . , .................... , ....................
.................... ....................
.
2. .
.
N
m2
. P
. N m 2
.
P
m2
N
cm 2
. N cm 2
. KP
3. .

. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
4.
.
5. ;
6.
.
; ( w 2 = 2w1 )
K1
w1
K2
w2
1.
161.

5108 P ; (
0, 04mm 2 ).
2. m = 50Kg 2.500P .
; g = 10m / s 2 .
3.
w A = 100N , o
. 1 = 10cm , 2 = 30cm
:
.
N
m2
N
m2
. .
4.
5000g
r = 15cm .
. ;
. 500
300. ;
g = 10m / s 2 .
162.
1
; S.I.;
2
1000Kg 0,3m 2 .
, 65g 0, 002m 2
; (
1
).
2
3
() ().
. .
. .
. 1
P
.
m2
1
w = 50N 0, 01m 2 .
.
; (: w = 150
= 25cm 2 ).
2
2 m1 = 2Kg m 2 = 4Kg .
1 = 10cm 2 = 5cm . 2 .
( g = 10m / s 2 ).
13
- ,

;

.
!
To

.

;
:
.
.
. .
-

!

.
;

: P = g d h :
P:
N
kg
d: 3
m2
m
g: m / s 2
h: m.
;
.
- ,
164.
.
. , , .
.
P=dgh
d:
d=
P
g h
g:
g=
P
d h
h:
h=
P
dg

. ,
, .
100000 P.
;

.
.
.
;
.
h
B

. .
1 m ,
.
. , ,
76cm . ,
.
P.
- ,
!

P

P 100.000 .
!
1atm

S.I.
1atm = 101.300 2
m
165.

P.
, .
;

76 cm 760 mm.
760 mmHg 760 Torr.

, , :
PA = PB
PA = P. = g d h (1)
: PB = P. = gdh
d. = 13600 Kg/m3 g = 9,8 m/s2, (1) :
. = 13600 g/m3 9,8 m/s2 0,76 m = 101293 P
. 101.300
1. .
2. :
. .
.
.
.
.
3. : P = d g h :
P d.
g.
h.
4.
.
5. .
6. Torricelli
Patm = 10,1104
N
= 1atm = 760mm Hg.
m2
- ,
166.
h1 h 2 ,
1cm 2 3 KP
. : d v = 1g/cm 3 , d = 0, 8 g/cm 3 , g = 10 m/s 2 .
S.I.
dv = 1
103 kg
(10
m)
= 103 kg / m3
P = 3kP = 3 103 P = 3 103
N
,
m2
d = 0,8
103 kg
(10
m)
= 0,8
103 kg
kg
= 0,8 103 3
3
6
10 m
m
A = 1cm 2 = 1 (102 m ) = 104 m 2

2
N
3 103 2
P
N s2
m
=
= 3 101
: P = g d v h1 h1 =
= 3 101 m
m
kg
g dv 10 103
kg
s2
m3
: P = g d h 2 h 2 =
P
h 2 = 3, 75 10 1 m
g d
h 2 > h1
,
h1 = 10m h 2 = 20m .
1cm 2 . d v = 1
g
.
cm 3
h :
P = g d h
F = g dh F = g dh A 1
F
()
P =
A
A
- ,
A = 1cm 2 = 1(102 m ) = 1 104 m 2 ,

2
dv = 1
167.
g
103 kg
103 kg
kg
=1
= 6 3 = 103 3
3
3
2
cm
10
m
m
(10 m )
(1) h1 : F1 = g d v h1 A = 10 N
(1) h 2 : F2 = g d v h 2 A = 20 N
F2 > F1 .

800 cm,
; .
: g = 10 m/s2, d. = 13,6 g/cm3, d = 103 g/m3.

h. h = 800 cm = 8 m : P. = g dv hv = 8 10 4N/m2,
S.I. : d . = 13, 6
g
3
= 13, 6
103 Kg
2 3
cm
(10 ) m
:
P. = g d. h. h . =
P.
g d .
= 13, 6 103 Kg / m3
h . = 0,59m

,
.

.
h
P = 100.500 .
: g = 10 m/s2, d = 103 g/m3, P. = 105
, : = = 100.500
, , :
= . + . . = . = 100.500 100.000 = 500 = 500 /m2
. = g d h h =
P.
g d
= 5 10 2 m h = 5 cm
168.
- ,
1. h
d v > d .
h1
h2
(A)
(B)
2.
.
3.
.
. h

. , d . > d . .
h2
h1
4. .
, . ;
5. .
;
6. :
.................... .................... ....................

, ...................., ....................
. , ....................
.................... , ....................
- ,
1.
169.

( )
h
h = 50 cm
F = 200 N .
d v = 1000
2.
kg
g = 10 m / s 2 .
m3
hA
2
5 atm.
h =
: g = 10
kg
m
, d v = 1000 3 ,
s2
m
hA
h
A
P = 1atm = 10 N / m .
5
3. 3 104 .
1 atm.
= 3,14. (1atm = 100000Pa)
4.
4 cm.
d. = 13,6 g/cm3,
.
: g = 10 m/s2, . = 105 /m2.
170.
- ,
1
:
. .
. .
2
.................. ,
........... ........... .
3
3
, , .
.
. PA < PB < P
hA
. PA > PB > P
. PA > PB PB < P
hB
B
A
1
5m.

kg
3N. : d v = 1000 3 ,
m
m
g = 10 2 1cm 2 .
s
h
h1
2
. = 0,85 atm.
, ;
: d. = 13,6 g/cm3, g = 10 m/s2.
14
Pascal;

.
F2
F1
A1
A2
P2

, .
P1
A1 A 2 ( A1 < A 2 ) . A1 F1
P1 ( ): P1 =
F1
A1
(1)
Pascal
,
P2 = P1 (2). F2
A 2 P2 =
F2
A2
(1), (2) (3) :
(3).
F1
F
= 2
A1 A 2
A2
A1 F2 > F1
2 > 1
F2 = F1
172.
F2 F1
2 1 .

P
d. . . Pascal .
..
, h
:
Po = + g d h
1.

( Pascal).
2. E
Pascal
( ,
, ).
3. h
Po = Patm = + P. Patm =
P. =
173.
1500. 300; : 2 = 25 10-2 m 2 .
F2 = 1500N . P1
P2 ,
Pascal, :
P1 = P2
A1 =
F1
A2
F2 P2
A1
P1
F1
F
= 2 A1 F2 = F1 A 2
A1 A 2
F1 A 2 300 25102 m 2
=
= 5102 m 2
F2
1500N
50m. ;

1cm2 . d v = 103
Kg
m
, g = 10 2 , = 105 2 .
3
m
s
m
= 105 N / m 2 + 10m / s103 Kg / m3 50m = 6105
P = + = + gd h v =
N
m2
A = 1cm 2 = (102 m ) = 104 m 2

2
P =
F
F = P A = 6105 N / m 2 104 m 2 = 60N .
A
174.

1. :
: ....................
.................... .................... ....................
.................... .
2. :

1.
P = + g d h1
2.
P =
3.
P = + g d h
h1
3. H
2atm. 1atm.
:
. 2atm.
. 3atm.
. 1atm.
P
4. d v d . ;
h
h
1.
175.

. , 1cm 2 .
P = 1atm, g = 10
m
Kg
, d v = 1000 3
s2
m
2. .
80cm, 8atm, :
. ;
. .
P = 1atm, g = 10
m
Kg
, d v = 1000 3 , = 3,14
s2
m
3. .

A1 = 8A 2 . F2
F1 = 20N A1 .
A1
A2 F2
A
B
F1
176.
1
:
;
2
A1 < A 2 ( ).
;
. P1 > P2
. F1 > F2
. P1 = P2
. F1 < F2
. F1 = F2
F2
F1
A1
A2
P2
P1
3
h
;
1

4atm. = 1atm, d v = 1000
Kg
m
, g = 10 2 .
3
m
s
2
1 A 2 = 60A1 1200Kg 2.
1 ; ( g = 10m / s 2 ).
177.
(. 102 - 106)
E:
1. / / / / / / /
/ / / .
2. .
3. .
m2
F

A
, F =
. , ,
.
,
.
4. P =
5. ,
F = .
6. M P = d g h
. .
7. P = d g h , .
.
8. .
9. . Pascal.
178.
FA
F
A
= B FB = FA B
. PA = PB : A A A B
A A FB > FA .
A B > A A
10. h1 = 10m ,
P1 = g d h1 . , :
P2 g d h 2
h
20m
=
P2 = P1 2 = 10KP
= 20KP
P1 g d h1
h1
10m
11. : P = g d h
d > d > d
PB > PA > P
12. ,
( P = d g h ).
F
F = P A
A
, .
P =
13. .
14.
P =
F
F = P A .
A
15. . .
. .
. , , . ,
.
16. (
) .
.
179.
17.
( )
( ).
18. . 4000m 0,6atm.

. ( h = 0 ) 1atm.
, 0,5atm, 5,5Km.
. , 0,25atm 11Km.
. 10 0,1atm 18Km.
:
1. A = 0, 01mm 2 = 10 2 10 6 m 2 = 108 m 2 ,
P=
F
10N
N
=
= 109 2 = 109 P
A 108 m 2
m
2. . = 30cm = 0,3m :
2
2 3,140, 09m 2
A = r 2 = =
=
= 0, 07m 2
4
4
2
A o = 4 = 0, 28m 2
mg 5000Kg 10m / s 2
=
P = 178570P
P =
A
0, 07m 2
F = w = mg
P=
F
A
. A = = = 0, 00785m 2
4
2
2
A = 4A A = 0, 0314m 2
P=
F
w
mg
6000N
N
=
=
=
= 191.083 2
A A o A o 0, 0314m 2
m
.
. m = 60Kg, A = 1cm 2 = 1104 m 2 , F =
P =
1
1
1
w = mg = 60Kg 10m / s 2 = 150N
4
4
4
F
150
N
=
= 1.500.000 2 .
A 104 m 2
m
180.
3. d v = 1000
Kg
m
, g = 10 2
3
m
s
h A = 25m 10m = 15m . PA = g d v h A = 150.000

h B = 25m 5m = 20m . PB = g d v h B = 200.000
h = 25m. P = g d v h = 250.000
N
m2
N
m2
N
m2
h = 25m 15m = 10m . P = g d v h = 100.000N / m 2

4. .
.
. h = 6,8cm = 0, 068m, d v = 1000
g = 10
Kg
m3
AEPIO
, P = 105 2
2
s
m
, PB = P P = + = + g d v h =
= 100.000
N
N
N
+ 680 2 = 100.680 2 100.680P
2
m
m
m
5. . h = 10m, d v = 1000
Kg
m
, g = 10 2 , P = 105 N / m 2
m3
s
: = g d v h = 105
. =
m2
F
F = P = 107 = h 2 = 102 m2
A
. : = + = 105
: =
N
N
+ 105 2 = 2105 2
2
m
m
m
Fo
F = = 2107
A
6. = 100cm 2 = 10 2 m 2 , h = 3m, d v = 1000
Kg
m
, g = 10 2
3
m
s
h = g d v h = 3104
N
.
m2
181.
:
=
F = = 310 2
F ( )
F , F = F = 3102 .
7. . : = 60cm 40cm = 2400cm 2 = 240010 4 m 2 = 0, 24m 2
:
F = P = 24103
.
.
8.
h = 76cm . = = g d h
d = 13, 6
(1)
gr
kg
= 13600 3 , h = 76cm = 0, 76m
cm3
m
m2
:
(1) = = 103360
= = g d v h v h v =
P
g d v
= 10,336m
9. . :
P = g d v h = 10m / s 2 1000Kg / m3 80m = 8105 N / m 2

P =
.
F
F = P F = 8105 N / m 2 104 m 2 = 80N
A
P = 5
=
5
5 = + = 4 = 410 2
+
m
: P = g d v h max h max =
P
g d v
= 40m
10. F2
F2 = 1000N . Pascal :
182.
P1 = P2
F1
F
A
500cm 2
= 2 F1 = F2 1 F1 = 1000N
F1 = 250N
A1 A 2
A2
2000cm 2
11. . : 1 =
F1
5N
N
=
= 0,833105 2
A1 6105 m 2
m
Pascal 0,833105
. Pascal: P2 = P1
N
.
m2
F2
= P1 F2 = P1 A1 = 0,833105 N / m 2 1,8104 m 2 = 14,9N
A2
12.
6,5KP = 6,5103 P = 6,5103
P = g d h h =
N
:
m2
P
6,5103 N / m 2
h=
= 0, 61m = 61cm
g d
10m / s 2 1060Kg / m3
15
A=dgV
d:
d=
A
gV

, , .
(
). , ,
(
) .

. .
;
V:
:
V=
dg
= d. g V...
d.: .
g: .
V...:

.
184.
:
.
. .
= d. g V...
.
!

.
;
,
,
.
.

.
= w., w.: .
= m.. g, m..: .
= d. g V...
V.. = V..
,
,
. w = w .
d =
V

;
d . d.
. :
. (w)
(), :
w > A m.. g > d. g V..
185.
d . V.. g > d . g V.. d. > d.
, .
. () (w)
, :
> w d . g V.. > d . V.. g d. > d.
.
. (w)
(), :
= w d . g V.. = d . V.. g d. = d.
=0
, F. = 0.
= w
1. ,
( ), . ,
, , , .
2. .
,
.
1. ( )
.
2.

= d g V..
3. , :
. () > w () .
. < w .
. = w .
186.
5 104 m3
d = 1000 Kg/m3. O
3 104 m3.
. g = 10 m/s2.
A
V.
, :
m = d V
g d V. =
A = w g d V. = m g
d V g d =
d V.
V
d =
103 Kg / m3 3 104 m3
5 104 m3
= 600 g / m3
400 .
. ;
. ;
: g = 10 m/s2, d = 1000 Kg/m3
. : = w A = m g m =
. = d V g V =
A
400N
m=
m = 40 Kg
g
10m / s 2
400N
=
= 0,04 m3
d g 1000Kg / m3 10m / s 2
. 1500
400 . . :
g = 10 m/s2, d = 1000 Kg/m3.
, :
F. = 0 + = w A = w T = 1500 400 = 1100
187.
: A = d g V V =
A
1100N
V=
= 0,11 m3
d g
1000Kg / m3 10m / s 2
, 20 .
5 , :
. ( ,
).
. .
.
: g = 10 m/s2, d = 1000 g/m3
. .
: w = 20 5 w = 15
. A = d g V V =
A
5N
=
= 5 104 m3
d g 1000Kg / m3 10m / s 2
. :
m = d V
w = m g
w = d V g d =
w
20N
=
= 4000 g/m3
4 3
V g 5 10 m 10m / s 2
188.

1. :
. H
.
. .
. .
. ,
, .
2. :
.................... , ....................
.................... .................... .................... ....................
.................... .
3. , :
. .
. .
. .
4.
d.
. ;
. ;
5. .
() , () () .
, , ;
: d = 1000 g/m3, d. = 800 Kg/m3, d. = 1200 g/m3 d = 900 g/m3.
6. .
. ;
7. , , ;
189.
1. = 50 cm, .
300 150 , :
. .
. .
. .
: g = 10 m/s2
2. 5 Kg m1 = 30 Kg
m2 = 40 Kg . :
. .
. .
. m2 , ;.
: g = 10 m/s2, d = 1000 g/m3
3. . :
. , 2500 .
. 4/5 .
.
: m = 150 Kg, g = 10 m/s2, d.. = 1020 g/m3
190.
1
, (d > d )
. ()
() :
i. . >
. =
. <
ii. .
2

. . :
. .
.
.
. = d g V
d V .
. A = mg m .
1
3
V = 0, 02cm3 (d v = 1000Kg / m )
. . ( g = 10m / s 2 )
2
d v = 1000Kg / m 3 .
V = 10cm 3 d = 1200g / m 3
. (g = 10m / s 2 )
191.
(. 111 - 114)
E:
1. / / / / / .
2. ., ., .
3. . w = w A , w < w .
. A = g d V
(1)
A = g d V (2).
:
V d
=
= w A =
V
g d V = g d V d V < V
A = w (1), (2)
d < d
.
. .
. .
.
8

9
8
d = d .
9
. .
4. . F = 0
. d < d , .
. d . > d , .
5. .
192.
6. : w = w A w < w .
7. . w = w d g V = d g V V = V
d
V > V .
d
= d g V
= d g V , V > V > .
.
, . .
8. . = d g V .
= d g V . d < d < .
. < . .
9. . = w .
.
. ,
= g d V .
11. . , , , , , .
12. :
w = A d V g = g d V ( ) V ( ) =
d
V
d
(1)
:
w = A d V g = g d V ( ) V ( ) =
d
V
d
(1), (2) V ( ) = V ( ) .
.
(2)
193.
:
1. . m = 50Kg A = w = m g = 50Kg 10m / s 2 A = 500N
. = g d V V =
V = 0, 05m 3
g d
2. = 1m V = 3 = 1m3 m = 500Kg .
: d =
m
= 500Kg / m3
v
d < d .
3. w = 1250
w:
:
V = 8, 310 2 m 3
: .
m
Kg
1000 3 8,310 2 m 3 = 830
s2
m
:
= g d V = 10
F = 0 + = w T = w A =
= 1250N 830N = 420N
4.
w = 5
w = 4N
. : w = w A A = w w A = 1N
. A = g d v V V =
A
1N
=
= 104 m3
2
g d v 10m / s 103 Kg / m3
. W = m g = d V g d =
W
5N
Kg
= 4 3
= 5103 3
2
V g 10 m 10m / s
m
5. V : , V : .
:
= w g d v V = g d V V =

d
V d = 0, 9g / cm 3 , d v = 1g / cm 3
dV
9
.
10
6. = -
:
: .
194.
: .
: =
: = w
w = = d g V = 1,3
kg
m
10 2 1m 3 = 13N
m3
s
T
T
W
7. .
. :
w = 195 + 8 w = 203
. w = 195 + 2 w = 197
>0
<0
W=0
16 :
17 :
18 : -
=
h
19 :
0
=0
h

. (1J).

.
:

. W = F x . (1J).
To

.
:
.
: U = mg h .
(1J)
K :
K=
1
m 2 . (1J).
2
: : = + U.
(1J).
A : , .

.
... :
.
.
:
.
W
P = F . t

. 1Watt.
P=
16
;

.
:
;
-

.
,
, .
.
;
:

.
198.
;

.
-
!

,
.
F
x
W=Fx
: W: [1 J]
F: [1 ]
x: [1 m]
x
F:
F=
W
x
x:
x=
W
F
!

.
;
1 J ().
W = F x, (1J = 1N 1m)
1 Joule () 1
1m .
;
,
F x . W > 0.
,
F x . W < 0.
x
(W > 0)
F
x
(W < 0)

F3
F1 F2
199.

;
F1, F2, F3
F. :
F.
x
F. = F1 + F2 F3
W = F. x, .

.
;

!

.

. ,
, .

,
. x = 0
90o
w=mg
W=0
: W = F x = F0 = 0
Fy

() ;
F
Fx
x

( Fx ) , :
W = Fx x
200.
( Fy ) .

:
.
.
.
.
F;

:
1 :
, :
.
Fy
F
x
F (cm).
x
.
xx
.
, xx.
F, xx
Fx.
Fx N
(Newton).
F
x
Fy
x
2 :
:
:
: =
Fy
F
, Fy = F
201.
Fx
, Fx = F
F
Fx : W = Fx x.
H Fy ,
.
=
F(N)
FA
W
O
x x(m)
;
- .
, 0. 0 .
1. .
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
202.
F = 100N x = 200cm . .
F
m x. x = 200cm = 2m
W = F x W = 100N2m W = 200J
m = 100Kg
h = 9m . (g = 10m/s2).
Y :
w = m g w = 100Kg 10m / s 2 w = 1000N .
F = w , F = 1000 x = h,
W = F x W = 1000N9m W = 9000J .

x = 10m . (F1 = 50N, F2 = 100N)
F1 = 50N, F2 = 100N, w = N = mg
F = F1 + F2 F = 50N + 100N F = 150N
F1 , F2 F
W = F x W = 150N 10m W = 1500J . w, N

.
N
F 1 F2
x
w=mg
m = 10Kg F = 100N
203.
t = 10s (g = 10m/s2). N :
. .
. .
. F.
. w .
. 2 F = m =
F
100N
=
= 10m / s 2
m
10Kg
. :
= t = 10m / s 2 10s = 100m / s
x=
1
1
2
t 2 x = 10m / s 2 (10s ) x = 500m
2
2
. W = F x W = 100N500m W = 50000J
. w
.
W F
W = 1000J x = 10m . F.
W = F x F =
W
1000J
F=
F = 100N
x
10m
x = 5m . F = 200N .
F
Fy
F Fx Fy. Fx
= 600
Fx
1
. Fx = F Fx = 200N Fx = 100N
2
x
w=mg
W = Fx x W = 100N 5m W = 500J .
m = 10Kg F = 100N
T = 50N x = 8m .
. F .
. .
. .
. F - , -
F
w
204.
2
x = 8m . ( g = 10m/s )
. F = F T F = 100 50 F = 50
. w = mg w = 10Kg 10m / s 2 w = 100N
N = w N = 100N
To .
. Wo = F x Wo = 50N 8m Wo = 400J
. = 8m 50 = 400J,
W.
50
F(N)
A
B
W
8 x(m)
205.

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. . .
6. 30
;
7.
;
N
T
F
w
206.
1. F = 100N
x = 150cm .
2. 1000J
x = 250cm , F.
3.
F = 200N
,
x = 20m .
Fy
4.
F
= 450
Fx
h = 600cm
m = 15Kg .
5.
m = 10Kg
F1 , F2 , F3 , .
F3 = 30N
. F
. .
.
. t = 5s .
F1 = 20N
F2 = 40N
. ( W ) .
6.
F1 m = 10Kg
F2 = 50N
F1
F1 , F2 , F2 = 50N
x = 5m
W = 250J .
x = 5m
7. m = 1Kg
207.
F = 20N -
t = 5s ( g = 10m / s 2 ) . :
. .
. .
. F.
. w .
8.
m = 5Kg F = 50N
T = 20N x = 500cm .
. F .
. .
T = 20N
F = 50N
. F x = 500cm .
. F
.
g = 10m / s 2
17
,
;
,

.
!

1 J (Joule). H
.
1J=1N1m

,
.
:

h
, w.
To .
210.

, ,
( )
;

. U,
o w h
:
U = w h
w = m g, g m
, o :
U = m g h
:
3 m 2 .
:
U = w h U = 2N 3m U = 6 J
;
;
m:
m=
U
g h
h:
h=
U
mg

.
.
m , :
1
m 2
2
K , m g
m/s.
K =
:
10 Kg = 3 m/s.
;
2:
K
1
m
2
m:
2 =
211.
1
1
m 2 K = 10Kg (3m / s) 2
2
2
1
K = 10Kg 9m 2 / s 2 K = 45 J
2
K=
10 Kg,
, = 6 m/s, :
1
1
K = m 2 K = 10Kg (6m / s) 2
2
2
1
K = 10Kg 36m 2 / s 2 K = 180 J
2
, .
;
,
:
E = U +
m=
K
1 2
:
h ,
U = w h U = m g h
1
m 2
2

:
1
1
= U + K E = w h + m 2 E = m g h + m 2
2
2
: K =

;

(....)
, :
E = U + =
212.
= 0m/s
= 0m/s
h
0m/s
h = 0m/s
( ) .
( , )
,
h.
= UA = m g h (K = 0J = 0m/s)
,
.
= =
1
m 2 (U = 0J h = 0m)
2
,
h.
= U = m g h (K = 0J = 0m/s)
:
= =
,
.
1.
.
. U = mg h
2.
2
K = m
2
3. (U) ()
(E ) .
( ,
) .
213.
m = 10Kg = 20m/s . .
K =
1
1
2
m 2 K = 10g ( 20m / s ) K = 2000J
2
2
m = 10 Kg h = 40 m,
.
:
hA = 40 m, hB = 20 m, h = 0 m
. . ( g = 10m/s 2 )
1
2y
2 20m
=
t = 2s
y = g t2 t =
2
g
10m / s 2
H :
= g t = 10m/s2 2s = 20 m/s
K=
1
1
m 2 = 10g 202 m 2 / s 2 K B = 2000 J
2
2
y = 20 m
B
hB = 20 m
:
20 m,
:
y = hA hB = 40m 20m = 20 m
hA = 40 m
:
= 0, = 0
U = m g h = 10Kg 10m/s2 40m U = 4000 J
H :
= U + K E = 4000 J + 0 J EA = 4000 J
h = 0 m
214.
UB = m g hB = 10Kg 10m/s2 20m UB = 2000 J
H :
= + UB = 2000J + 2000J = 4000 J
:
0 m .
U = m g h = 10g 10m/s2 0m U = 0
y = hA h = 40m 0m = 40 m
y=
1
g t2 t =
2
2y
2 40m
=
= 8s t = 2 2s
g
10m / s 2
= g t = 10m/s2 2 2 s = 20 2 m/s
K =
1
1
m 2 = 10g (20 2) 2 m 2 / s 2 K = 4000 J
2
2
= + U = 4000 + 0 = 4000 J
:
= = = 4000J
.
, m = 5Kg
2
h = 10m = 10m/s . ( g = 10m/s ) .
U = m g h U = 5Kg 10m / s 2 10m U = 500J
K =
1
1
2
m 2 K = 5g (10m / s ) = 250J
2
2
E = + U E = 250J + 500J E = 750J
215.

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. .
A=0
5. . :
. .
. .
. .
hA
0
h
6. .
7.
.
y=0
8.
, ;
U = 0
h=0
216.
1.
m = 10Kg
h1 = 20m . h 2 = 10m . (g = 10m/s2)
2. 2Kg
= 10m / s .
3.
3000J
10Kg . (g = 10m/s2).
4. 5000J 100g
.
5.
m = 10Kg h = 5m = 10m / s ,
:
. .
. .
. .
6.
(g = 10m/s2).
m = 10Kg
10m. (g = 10m/s2).
. ,
h1 = 10m,
h 2 = 5m, h 3 = 0m .
. .
h1 = 10m, h 2 = 5m, h 3 = 0m
h1 = 10m
h2 = 5m
h3 = 0m
217.
(. 128 - 132)
E:
1. / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / - /
.
2. . 1J
3. .
4. = . 1 F = 0 w = 0 .
5. . .
. +
.
.
.
. .
6. F = w x = h =
. W = 1000 1m = 1000J
. W = 2000 1m = 2000J
. W = 1000 2m = 2000J
. W = 2000 2m = 4000J
7. : W = 50 hm W = 50h J
: WB = 50 hm WB = 50hJ
WA = WB
218.
9. . (
) .
. h < x
. Wx = Wh . .
10. g > g > , >
, .
11. . x = 0 W = F0 = 0
. .
12. . .
. .
. .
. .
.

, .
1
1
m 2
m A 2A
K A 2 A A = m A
=
13.
K = 1
mB
2
1
B
2
m
K B = m B B
B
B
2
2
KA =
mB > mA K B > K A
14. F. F
.
0. 0. .
. .
15. . .
. .
16. .
219.
17. .
18. > , > .
19. A : = U = 50J = .
= U = 50J
: =
20. E M = U +
1
1 : 1 = mg h + m 2
2
1
2 : 2 = mg h + m 2
2
1 = 2 .
1
m 12 U 1 = U 2
2
1
= m 22
2
1 : 1 =
2 : 2
. 1 = 2
1
1
m 12 = m 22 1 = 2
2
2
21. = , =
:
1. w = m g w = 20Kg 10m / s 2 = 200N
: F = w W = w 4m = 200N 4m = 800J
W0 = 0 .
2. F = w = mg = 150Kg 10m / s 2 = 1500N
W = Fh = 1500N 8m = 12000J
U = 12000J
220.
3. W = 1500J
W = Fh F =
h = 3m
W
1500J
F=
F = 500N
h
3m
F = w w = 500N
w = mg m =
w
500N
=
m = 50Kg
g 10m / s 2
4. . W = F x
W = wx
E F = w
W = mg x W = 250Kg 10m / s 2 2,3m = 5750J

W = 5750J. To W = 5750J.
. W = 0 .
. w W = 5750J.
.
5. m = 60Kg
h = 10m
. W = F x F = w x = h
W = m g h W = 60Kg 10m / s 2 10m = 6000J
. W = 6000J.
6. 60 =
Fx = 3N
Fx
Fx = F60
F
1
= 1,5N
2
Fy .
W = Fx x W = 1,5N 10m = 15J

7. h = h h 0 = 2, 25m 0, 75m = 1,5m
U = m g h U = 1, 2Kg 10m / s 2 1,5m = 18J
Km
1000m
= 108
= 30m/ s
h
3600s
1
1
K = m2 K = 1000Kg302 m2 / s2 K = 450000J
2
2
8. = 108
Fy
F
60o Fx
9. . K1 =
. K 2 =
221.
1 2
1
m2
m1 1 = 50g 102 2 = 2500J
2
2
s
1 2
1
m2
m2 2 = 50g 52 2 = 625J
2
2
s
K1 2500J
K
4
=
1 = K1 = 4K 2 .
K2
625J
K2 1
10. F = m =
F
150N
=
= 2500m / s 2
m
0, 06Kg
= t = 2500m / s 2 0, 03s = 75m / s

1
1
2
K = m 2
K = 0, 06Kg (75m / s ) K = 168, 75J
2
2
. K = W = 800J
11. . W = F x = 80N10m = 800J

. K =
1
2K
2K
1600J
m 2 2 =
=
=
= 40m / s
2
m
m
1Kg
12. . U = mg h
= = U
E = U , K =
1
m 2 = mg h
2
2 = 2g h = 2g h = 210m / s 2 4m = 80
m
s
= 4 5m / s
. .
. .
13. . U =
mg h =
1
m 2 = 2g h = 2g h
2
= 210m / s 2 45m = 30m / s

. h = 45m.
1
m 2
2
222.
14. . U = m g h U = 20Kg 10m / s 2 100m U = 20000J

. U = K = 20000J .
18

;
:

,
, :
.

!

.
;
,
.
.

.

, , ,
;
224.

, ,
:
; ( )
, ,
, .
;

, .
!

.

.

.
225.

;
:
.

( ).
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
1. .

.
2.
.
3. .
226.

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. .
5. ;
6. ;
19
;
(w) () , :
P=
W
t
P, :
W
=
t
t
Watt.
P=
W:
!
1 Watt (= 1J/1s) 1 Joule 1 s (second).
W=Pt
;
t:
t=
W
P
. ,
, , 10 s 20
s. K ,
( ). . ,

.
228.
1 W (). 1 1000
W (). ():
3
3000
KW =
W 134 HP = 100 KW
4
4
Wh () :
1HP =
E
E = Pt
t
1Wh = 1KW 1h
P=
P =
KWh
: P =
W
W = F x (1) ,
t
= (2)
t
W (1) F x
x (2)
P = F P = F :
=
t
t
t
P=
W F x
=
= F
t
t
;

.
=
P.
P
% =
P.
P
100%
229.
W = 100J t = 2s.
P=
W
100J
P=
P = 50W
t
2s
= 30W
t = 10min.
t = 10 min t = 1060s t = 600s

P=
W
W = P t W = 30W 600s W = 18000J
t
N = 10m/s
F = 1000N .
P=
W
F x
x
P=
P = F
t
t
t
P = F P = 1000 10m / s P = 10000W

W t = 10s.
F = F1 F2 F = 50N 30N F = 20N

W = Fo x W = 20N 5m W = 100J
P=
W
100J
P=
P = 10W
t
10s
F2 = 30N F1 = 50N
x = 5m
230.
m/s
m/s
x
t
x
=
t
F=m
w=mg
N/m
F
P=A
W=Fx
1
K= m 2
2
Watt
U=mgh
w
P= t
1.
231.
W = 1000J t = 10s .
2. 500Watt t = 2 min .
3. F = 100N
= 10m / s .
4. h = 10m
t = 5s . H m = 50Kg . (g = 10m/s2).
232.
(. 145 - 148)
E:
1. , - , , , .
2. (.)
3. 1 : () ().
2 : ().
().
4. U. . ()
( ) .
5. - , .
, :
.
, .
6. .
7. .
8. ().
9. tA = tB: PA > PB
WA WB
>
WA > WB
tA
tB
WA = WB: PA > PB
WA WB
1
1
>
>
tB > tA
tA
tB
tA tB
233.
10. P = W/t W = P t.
t = 10min = 600 s
W = 100 W 600 s W = 60000 J
( ):
. = W E. . = 60000 J 12000 J = 48000 J
12. .
:
1. w = mg w = 50Kg 10m / s 2 = 500N . F = w
W = F x W = 500N4m W = 2000J , P =
W
2000J
P=
P = 400W
t
5s
2. W = F x W = 100000N15m W = 1500000J
P=
W
1500000J
P=
P = 50000W
t
30s
3. . . .
. t = 10s, x = t
x = 30m / s10s x = 300m
. = ., F = 0 (1 )
F = 0
F = F
F = A, F = 2000N

W = F x W = 2000N 300m = 600000J

E = W = 600000J
. P =
W F x
=
= F , P = 2000N 30m / s = 60000W
t
t
4. . m = 20000t = 20000000Kg
U = m g h = 20000000Kg10m / s 2 20m = 4.000.000.000J
. - =
234.

..

=
= 0, 7U
.
U . 0, 7 =
U .
= 70% = 0, 7
= 0, 7 4.000.000.000J E = 2.800.000.000J
t = 1min = 60s
P=
E
W
2.800.000.000J
P=
P=
= 4, 66107 W
t
t
60s
5. . K =
1
1
2
m 2 K = 700Kg (30m / s )
2
2
K = 315000J
. K = .
. W = T x
x=
x=
W
T
315000J
x = 50m
6300N
6. . K =
1
1
2
m 2 K = 1000Kg ( 20m / s ) K = 200000J
2
2
. K
K = W = 200000J
. W = F x
F=
W
200000J
F=
F = 400000N
x
0,5m
A
O
x0
x0
20 :

: .
:
.
():
. 1sec.
: f
()
1
N
(t) f = . M (z)
.
sec
t
- :
f =
1
.
T
: .

.
:
.
()
, (L) (g ) . T = 2
L
g
20
;
.
.
(
365 ),
(60 ),

, ...
;
.
,
. - , , - .. .,
, ,
,

().
238.
'
; ;
;

, ,
, A
O
B
( ).
. , , '
.
,
.
!

,

, .
!
t

:
T=
t
(1)
N
; ;

. S.I. 1 s.
..
.
f
.
S.I. 1 Hz ().
.. f = 5Hz 5
1 s.
1Hz
1
1
. Hz = .
s
s
239.

t, : f =
N
t
(2)

;
,
(1) (2), .
f=
1
T
T=
1
f
;
.
x0
x0
. , ,
. (Umax). '
() , ,
( ..),
( = U + K) ,
.
,
240.
!

() (U)
.
= U + K
=0
Fmax
( )
( ). , , (max),
, (Umax =
max ). , .
. :
= U + K = Umax = Kmax.
,
.
, .
F=0
max
Fmax
=0
: ( = 0),
( U max ) , ( Fmax )
: ( K max ) ,
(U = 0), F = 0 .
:

U + K = U max = K max
L,
,
. ,
( ).
241.
, 15,
.
.
!

.

(
15)

;
, :
L
g .
, : T = 2
, :
.

.
. '
.
.

L
g

; .
g (g = 9,78 m/s2)
(g = 9,83 m/s2). ,
g , .
, ,
(.. ) , .
,
( 2,5
), , .

' ;
242.
T = 2
4 2 L
. L
T2
' ,
g .
g=
'
, ' .
g, , .
1. 2 .
.
2.
2 .
.
3.
T = .
f
: f = .
t
4. :
. . . .
. .
5. :
. . . .
. .
. .
6. L
T = 2
L
g
7.
.
243.
10s, 20 . :
. .
. 13s.
. 36 .
. =
t
10
1
1
T=
T = 0,5 s f = f =
f = 2Hz
N
20
T
0,5s
. f =
N
N = f t N = 2Hz 13s = 26 .
t
. f =
N
N
36
t= t=
t = 18s
t
f
2Hz
f = 0, 5Hz . x 0 = 20cm , :
. .
. .
. T =
1
1
: T =
= 2s .
f
0,5Hz
. (1),
(..), (2)
.
1 - .. - 2 - .. - 1, :
S = x 0 + x 0 + x 0 + x 0 = 4x 0 = 420cm = 80cm
244.
2
Hz '
2
g = 10 m/sec2. :
. ;
. ;
f =
2 10 .
. T =
1
2
=
= 2sec
f
2
( 2) s
2
L
L
T2g
. T = 2
T 2 = 4 2 L = 2 L =
g
g
4
10m / s 2
4 10
L = 0,5m
L = 10cm, '
g = 10m/sec2. :
. .
. .
. t = 5sec.
. = 2
L
0,1m
T = 2 3,14
= 0,628sec
g
10m/s 2
. f =
1
1
f =
f 1,6Hz
T
0,628s
. =
t
t
5s
N= N=
8 .
N
T
0,628s
. L = 392mm '
g = 9, 8m/s 2 .B .
. ,
g = g/2
;
. : T = 2
L
0,392m
T = 2 3,14
= 1,256s
g
9,8m/s 2
245.
. , :
L
L
2 g
2 = 4 2 L =
L = 0,196m
g
g
4 2
:
L = L L = 0,392m 0,196m = 0,196m
T = 2
m = 80Kg ,
98cm . ,
, .
, 20sec 10 , ,
. ,
;
t
20s
T =
= 2s
N
10
:
: T =
T = 2
L
4 2 L
4 10 0,98m
g = 2 g =
g = 9,8m/s 2
g
T
22 s 2
: w = m g w = 80 9,8 w = 784
t
20s
T =
= 4s
N
5
:
: T =
T = 2
L
4 2 L
4 10 0,98m
g = 2 g =
g = 2,45m/s 2
2 2
g
T
4s
:
w = m g w = 80N 2,45m/s 2 w = 196
784
= 4 ' .
196
246.

1.
:
3s,
;
. 1,5s B. 3s . 4s . 6s
2.
:

;
.
.
. .
3. :
t(s)
10
(s)
f(Hz)
2
0,5
20
5
8
10
2
4.
.
100J
20J
EMHX
5. :
. , ....................
, .................... .
. ....................
247.
. S.I .................... ....................

. ....................
.................... .
. .................... '
.
. .................... ' '
.
6. A = 2sec,
;
. 2sec
B. 3sec
. 1sec
. 0,5sec
7. ' f = 5z.
,
.
;
. 10z B. 2,5Hz
. 20z
. 5z
8. ,
, > .
,
,
.
;
9. , 4 : H < H < < .
f , f, f, f
.
10. 75gr
SA, .
, , .
:
.
;
.
;
248.
1.
4000
t = 1min . .
2.
T = 2, 5s .
. ;
. t = 2 min ;
3. x 0 = 20cm :
. .
. t = 4T .
4. 10 20s. A L = 0, 98m , :
. T .
. T .
. T .
5. , L = 1m
' , T = 2s .A
, , . .
6. , . A
g = 10m / s 2 , g = 1, 6m / s 2 , ()
().
249.
1
() ().
. .
.
.
2
T :
. .
. .
.
3
; 2 ;
1
, 10 '
,
.
2
g = 10m / s .
2
20 2min.
. .
. .
. 1 ;
250.
(. 159 - 161)
E:
1. :
/ / / / / / /
2. () .
(f)
.
(t = ) ,
:
f=
3. .
4. . .
. .
. .
. .
.
1
f =

T
.
. .
5.
( ooke).
6. , (Umax =
m g hmax). ,
, (max = m 2max ).
, , ,
.
, .
7. . ,
, , -
251.
.
. ,
.
. , .
. , , .
8. L
.
. ( ),
. ( 150), .
.
9. w
. w1 w2. w1 ,
.
10. T = 2
T
W1
L
g
W W2
:
. L , .
. , g,
.
. , .
11.
. L . (.
10) .
.
:
L
4 2 L
=
g
T=2
g
T2
252.
12. ,
. (
) .
13. . .
. .
. .
. .
14. g,
( g < g ), T = 2
L
,
g
. > . .
:
1. : f =
: T =
.
60
=
= 0,5 Hz

2 60s
1
1
=
= 2s
f 0,5Hz
2. : = 2
3. : = 2
L
1,6m
= 2 3,14
= 2,512s
g
10m/s 2
L
L
4 2 L
2 = 4 2 g = 2
g
g
T
g = 3,27 m
s2
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x2
x(
x1
21 :
22 :
21

.
(, , ) .
, , ,
.

.
y
y
-
yy.
.

yy. xx .
.
.

().
256.

.

.
,
x, . .

() .
.

x
x

.
. xx xx.
() (). .
;
=f
f:
f=
, (). ()
0
().

. :
:
0 :
257.
S
.
t

. =
(S = ) =
1
= f . T
.
f =
=T
T:
!

.
1
.
T
.
(f) ().
f=
1.
.
2. (
)
(
).
3. :
. . . f .
4. : T =
1
f
5. : = f
258.
FM100, 100z =3m. B:

.
. 510m
. 2s
. FM102
. c = f = 3m 100 106 1 = 3 108 m/s

s
. x = c t t =
x
510 103 m
t=
= 0,0017s
c
3 108 m / s
m
2s = 6 108 m = 600.000Km
s
. c = 3 108m/s f = 102z.
. x = c t x = 3 108
m
3 108
c
s 2,94m
A: c = f = =
f 102 106 1
s
259.

1. ' . c = 800m/s,
:
. 800m
. 400m
. 600m
. 1000m
2. : , , .
. c, c, c , .
. , , ,
.
. t, t, t , , .
. l, l, l , .
. , ,
,
.
3. :
. ....................

. .................... '
.................... .
. .................... ....................
.................... .................... ....................
....................
. .................... ,
, . ....................
.
.
.................... .................... .................... .
. .................... ....................
.
. ' ....................
.................... , .................... .
260.
1
' c = 300m/sec = 2sec.A
, .
. :
. 4z
. 0,5z
. 0,25Hz
. 2z
B. H :
. 150m/s
. 300m/s
. 600m/s
. 75m/s
. :
. 1200m
. 600m
. 300m
. 75m
2
' c.
.
.
.
.
. ,

1
.
c = 3 108m/s f = 30z. A - 12.800m 25.600m, :
.
.
.
V
V2
V1
10
V1
olt)
V(V
0,02
T
0,04
T
t(s)
0,06
T
29 :
30 :
R
V.
29
Faraday ;
Faraday

, .

.

;

.
Faraday
.
1 Faraday
!
H

.

.

,
, .
356.

.
1
Faraday
1
Faraday.
To . ( )

. .

.
;

.
;

.
2 Faraday
.
+
V
. . .
, .
357.
2 Faraday.
2
Faraday

.
.
.

, .
:
. .
,
.
. . , .
358.

1
Faraday;

1
Faraday

,
,
.

2 Faraday;

2
Faraday
1 1 .
.
1 ,
2 , 2 .
1. ()
.
2. ()
.
3. :
.
.
. .
4.
( )
.
359.
1.

.
:
.
. ;
2. ,
. , :
. .
. .
3.
. ( ),
:
.
.
.
.
4. 3 ,
, :
.
.
.
.
5. 3 , :
. . . .
. . . .
6. 3,
(
);
. , .
. , .
. , .
. , .
360.
7. :
.
. .
. .
. .
8. :
. .
. .
. .
. .
9. :
.
.
.
.
10.
.
. (
):
i. .
ii. .
iii. .
iv. .
. :
i. .
ii. .
iii. .
iv. .
11. ;
. .
.
.
. , .
. .
22
;
.
.

=f
;

.
. f,
.
.

20z 20.000z.
!

= 340m / s
;
,
.
,
: < < .
262.
.
.

x: =
!

20.000Hz
.

20Hz .
()
;

.
.

;
.

.
.

(decibel, dB).
.
1.
. ( f, , ).
2.
.
3. ,
.
263.

100 2s. A
= 7m, :
.

.
. , ;
. 10s , '
. , () :
f=
N 100
=
= 50Hz
t
2s
1
. c = f = 7m 50 s = 350m/s
. c = 10 350 = 3.500m/s
f. :
c = f =
c 3.500m/s
=
= 70m
f
50s
. 10s x = c t = 350m / s10s = 3.500m

x = c t = 3500m / s10s = 35.000m . 10s,
35.000 3.500 = 31.500m ' .

, , , .
. ;
. ;
264.
. fA = 240z ,:
i. ;
. ;
. 15s;
. 240m;
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x(m)
. , = 2m , = 4m , = 8m.
. .
. i.
4, 2, 1 fB = fA/2 = 240/2Hz = 120Hz
f = fA/4 = 240/4Hz = 60Hz
ii. : c = fA = fB = f = 2m 240z = 480m/s.
. x = c t = 480 15 = 7200m .
. x = c t t =
x 240m
=
= 0,5s .
c 480m/s
, , 1/
10s, . '
() '
1/10s. '
, .
340m/s :
. ;
. ,
;
. ,
ct
=
2 c = 340m/s t = 1/10s. : 2x = c t x =
2
340m/s
. : 3x = c t t =
1
s
10 = 17m
3 x 3 17m
=
= 0,15s
c
340m/s

. , 1s
265.
1,5s .
; c = 340m/s.
x ,
c t 340m/s 1s
=
= 170m
2
2
,
:
: 2x = c t x =
c t 340m/s 1,5s
=
= 255m
2
2
x + = 170 + 255 = 425m
425m/2 = 212,5m. 212,5 170 = 42,5m
.
2 = c t =
, , , ,
s = 200m.O
,
, . , , = 0,14s. A 25z,
= 0,12m = 0,06m, :
. .
.
. c = f = 0,12m 25 103 1s = 3000m/s

c = f = 0,06m 25 103 1s = 1500m/s
. x s-x . :
2x = c t t =
2 (s x ) = c t t =
t + t = (1), (2) :
2x
(1)
c
2 (s x )
c
(2)
266.
2 ( 200 x )
2x 2 (s x )
2x
+
=
+
= 0,14
c
c
3000
1500
x = 190m
c . 00C c0,
, : c = c0
273 +
273
,
12 12 . 12
00C,
, 1360m
' t = 4s.
12 t= 3,9s. 12
;
12 :
c0 =
x
1360m
c0 =
= 340m/s
t
4s
12 :
c =
x
1360m
c =
349m/s
t
3,9s
: 349 = 340
273 +
273 +
3492 = 3402
273
273
14,60 C
267.

1. c = 340 m/s
= 2m. ' .
. :
. 340m/s
. 1700m/s
. 170m/s
. 300m/s
B. :
. 10m
. 2m
. 1m
. 0,5m
. :
. 340z
. 680z
. 170z
. 85z
2. , 100Hz
. N :
. ;
. ;
. 5sec, ( )
( ),
; ;
. 5 6 5 6
;
3. :
. .................... ....................
.................... Hz
.................... Hz. .................... Hz
.................... .................... Hz
....................
. .................... ....................
.................... .................... .................... .................... .
. .................... , .................... .................... .
4. .
. , .
. , , .
268.
. , .
. ,
, .
5. .
. ,
.
. ,
.
. 100d 70d,
.
. 15z,
6. ' c. .
.
.
.
. ,
.
7. ' 100d.
DJ, '' '' ,
. :
. 200dB
. 110dB
. 120dB
. 150dB
269.
1. 100z, 6400m
= 3,2m.
(. ) , :
.
.
. ,

2. , , ,
= 10m/s.A s = 68m
, :
. ,
;
. '
;
c0 = 340m/s
c = 5m/s.
3. , 1940,
,
, ,
4s. , 1s
. c = 340m/s, :
. ;
. ;
270.
1
.
. .
. .
. .
2
' . c = 800m/s,
:
. 800m/s
. 400m/s
. 600m/s
. 1000m/s
1
'
,
. , = 4,5s .
= 20m/s , c = 340m/s
c = 3400m/s , :
. ;
. ;
2
,
.
, ,
.
= 4,25s
g = 10m/s2, . c = 320m/s.
271.
(. 180 - 184)
E:
1. - .
- .
- .
2. ,
, .
3.
, , , .
, , .
4. . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
5. - - - - - - -
- - - .
6. () (), . () ().
7. . .
8. . ,
. .
.
9. , , .
272.
10. , , , () ().
, c = 300.000 km/s,
= 0,344 km/s.
11. . = 1 / f, , T.
. = /f , (
) .
12. .
. = u/f f .
13. .
. .
. .
. .
14. .
15. ,
. , .
, . .
16. , :
, .
17. , , .
18. , . .
19. ,
. ( ) . , .
20. , .
21. , , ,
.
' .
273.
22. > >

23. ()
().
24. ,

.
. = 344m/s
100m t = x/ t = 0,29sec.
.
.
25. . f
( ).
= /f, f
.
26. , .
27. .
28. , :
. .
. .
. ( = /f).
. .
29. 10 dB
. 80dB 90dB
. 80dB 100dB .
274.
:
1.
: = f =
10m
= 5m
=
s
2s
T
2. . :
= f = 6cm 5Hz = 30 cm s .
. f, :
T=
1
1
T=
T = 0,2s .
f
5Hz
3. ,
, :
12
12
f =
f = 0,2Hz .
60s
. f :
f=
T=
1
1
T=
T = 5s
f
0,2Hz
. : =
x
40m
=
= 2m
s
t
20s
:
= f =
2m
s = 10m
=
f
0,2Hz
= 10m
4. . :
3 108 m
s f = 5 1014 Hz
= f f = f =
6 107 m
.
( ).
.
5. ( )
( S).
.
:
t =
t =
275.
400km
t = 50s
8 km
s
S
400km
t =
t = 80s
5 km
s
:
t = t - t = 80s 50s = 30s
t =
6. ( ) = 300000 km
= f =
300000 km
s = 3m .
=
f
100 106 Hz
= 3m
7.
. 10 sec ,
() 10 sec.
:
x = t x = 340 m 10sec x = 3400m
s
x = 3400m
8. :
= f = 3,5m 400Hz = 1400 m .
s
9. :
= f =
1500 m
s = 3 106 m .
=
6
f
500 10 Hz
10. . .
.
:
x
510m
=
= 340 m
s
t
1,5s
276.
: = 340 m s .
. T =
1
1
T=
= 5103 s
f
200Hz
11.
.
. ,
.
. :
S
2 680m
=
= 340 m
s
t
4sec
. :
= f f =
f =
340 m
s f 453Hz
0,75m
H : f = 453Hz
12. x1
x2 ,
x1 O
x2
.
d
2x1,
2x 2.
,
.
:
2 x1 = t1 x1 =
t1
2
x1 =
340 m 2s
s
x1 = 340m .
2
340 m 4s
s
x 2 = 680m
2
2
,
2 x 2 = t 2 x 2 =
t 2
x2 =
: d = x1 + x 2 d = 340m + 680m d = 1020m .
R1
R2
R1
+
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
R2
7
+
23 :
+
+ +
+ +
+ F
24 :
AB
A
(+)
25 : -
R1
R2
+
B
()
-
.

.
: .
:
()
: .
:

.
()

(q) t
t. 1 (Ampere).
q
t
: ()
I

(A)

(V)

V(Volt)
.
I=
I=
1
V
R
R: (V)
() R =
V
.
I
1 .
: (L),
(S), .
L
S
I :
.
:

R1 R2 R3
V1 V2 V3

I
.
R =
I = I1 = I 2 = I3
V = V1 + V2 + V3
R = R1 + R 2 + R 3
:

R1

I1

R2
.
I
I = I1 + I 2 + I3
V = V1 = V2 = V3
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
R R1 R 2 R 3
I=
V
R
I2
I3
R3
23

.
.
, ;
-
!

(1C)

.

.

;
!

.

.

.
.

Wimshurst ;
Wimshurst
280.
A
+
F B
VAB
.

.

. .
!

.
;

VAB =

q
.
(Mo S.I.
1Volt 1V =
1Joule
)
1Coulomb

.
E : .. ..

.
1 Coulomb 2
1 Volt 1Joule.
H ( )
().
281.
(.. )
;
VAB
VAB =
. q
:

= q VAB q . -
( )
.
!
:
VAB = VBA

;

()
() : VAB > 0 . ()
()
A
(+)
+ +
+ + +
B
()
: VBA < 0 .
1.
( ).
2. .
3.
.

. VAB =
4. E = q VAB
.
282.
VAB = +600Volt .
. VBA ;
. q = 2C ,
;
. VBA = VAB VBA = ( +600V ) VBA = 600V .

. = q VAB = 2C600V = 1200J
220V.
; 1e- = 1, 6 10-19 C

VAB : = q VAB
= qVAB = 1, 61019 C220V = 3,521017 J
283.

1. :
.................... .................... .................... .................... .
2. 1 Joule .................... .................... ,
....................
....................
3. .

Wimshurst :
. .
. .
. ,
Wimshurst.
. .
4. .
4,5V.
. , 1C 4,5J.
. ,
.
. , .
. ,
.
5. ;
. 1Volt 1Joule 1Kg.
. 1Volt .
. 1 Volt 1Joule 1C.
. 1Volt 1C.
6. VAB = +100Volt
. VBA = 100Volt
. 1C AB = +1J .
. AB = +100J
284.
. .
7.
(+) ().
.
. ;
1. Wimshurst
285.
V = +200V .
. q = +2C ;
. ,
q = +1C 400J;
2.
VAB = +10V .
. VBA ;
. , q = +2C
;
3. m = 0,5Kg

50J.
.
, q = +0,1C ;
. ,
;
;
4.
VAB = +20V .
. VBA ;
. q = +0,5C . ;
. q = +1,5C . ;
.
286.
1
1. :
Wimshurst .................... ....................
.................... ....................
.................... ....................
2. ;
. .
. .
.
, .
. Joule.
2
m q
h .
,
. g.
1
V = +6V .
. q = +4C ;
. = +40J ;
2
V AB = +140V .
. V BA ;
. q = 0, 2C .
; .
24

.
,
,
.
+ +
+
+ +
+ + +

;

.
.
!

.
;
:
(.. ).
: (.. ).
288.
:
(.. ).
!

.
= q / t
q
I
t:
q
t =
I
I:
q
I=
q
t
;
(.. ) (
) .
, .
!
.
q:
;
I
q = I t

!

.
Q = N e e .

: N e =
q
.
e
( ).
.
:
() (q) t.
q
q
I =
t
t

I=
S.I. 1Ampere ( 1A =
1C
)
1s
289.
1A
1mA = 103 A
1A = 106 A
T
.

.
1. .
2.
( ).
3.
.
4. .
5.
.
6.
I =
q
.
t
q = N e e .
290.
I = 2, 5A , t = 20s .
. ;
. ;
. t = 2min , ;
e = 1, 6 10-19 C .
q
q = t q = 2,5 20 s q = 50C .
t
. q :
. I =
q
50C
N=
N = 31, 251019 .
e
1, 61019 C
. t ' = 2 min t ' = 260s t ' = 120s .
q = Ne N =
I =
q '
q ' = It ' q ' = 2,5A 120 s q ' = 300C
t '
q = 9, 610-1 C 0,1s.
. ;
. Ne = 1018 .
( e = 1, 6 10-19 C )
. . :
I=
q
9, 6101 C
I=
I = 9, 6A
t
0,1s
. I = 9, 6A I =
q q = Ne (). :
t=
q (I)
N e
1018 1, 61019 C
t =
t=
t = 0, 017 s
I
I
9, 6A
q
q
t =
t
I
291.

1. :
.................... .................... , ....................
2. , :
.................... .
.................... .
.................... .
3. ;
:
. .
. .
. .
. .
4. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
5. ;
.
. .
. Volt.
. .
6. :

292.
1. M q = 4C
t = 50s .
2.
, I = 0, 3A .
t = 1h , ;
q = 10C t = 30 min .
. , ;
3.
. t = 1,5h , ;
. q = 2C , t ;
4. 500m.
. .
. , 5,5h;
.
q = 100mC .
5. , t = 25s N = 1015 .
. ;
. , ;
.
q = 400mC ;
q e = 1, 610 19 C ( ).
293.
1
1. ;
. .
. .
. .
. ,
.
2. :
....................
.................... .................... .................... ....................
.................... ....................
.
2
1. .
.
2. ;
3. I = 0, 4KA . .
1
q = +0,5mC t = 2s . .
2
, , I = 40mA .
. t = 20 min ;
. ,
N = 1025 ;
25
; ( Ohm).
()

.
I
(A)

() (V) ;
V(Volt)

, .
; ;
!
1 .
:

, R

.
1K ( ) = 103
1 ( ) = 106
R=
V
I
R : (Ohm )
V : ( Volt )
I : ( mpere )
296.
1 ()
1 1V.
R=V/I

V:
V = R I
R I
R:
: , V: ,
1
1
: I = V
R
R
1
: .
R
1

R
).
V
R=
V
I
I:
V
I=
V
R
, .

; ;

.
. .
;

.
: -
297.
,
.
.

( )
A:
( ) :
(L).
.
.
- ( ).
L
A
R: (), : ( m),
: R =
2
L: (m), : ( m ) .
; ;
L1
,
().
.
L2
I1 R1 I2 R2
I
I
+
I = I1 = I 2 .
298.
;
,
.
;

,
.
R1
R2
R3
V1
V2
V3
;
I = I1 = I 2 = I3 .
R
I
I
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , : R = R1 + R 2 + R 3 .
I
V
V = V1 + V2 + V3 .
.
V = V1 + V2 + V3
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , .
R1
R2
R3
V ( ),
V = V1 = V2 = V3

;

I1
R1
I2
R2
I3
R3
I = I1 + I 2 + I3 .

V
I
I
299.
;
:
I
V
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
R R1 R 2 R 3

;
:
!

.
R2
1
1

R R1
1
1
1
=
+
R R1 R 2
R1
1
R2
R1
1
1 R + R1
=
+
= 2
R2
R R1 R 2 R1 R 2
R
R1 R 2
R =
R1 R 2
.
R 2 + R1

R;
R2
R1
I
I3
R3
V
I1
I
I2
R1
R2
R3
V
R 2 R 3
R 2,3 = R + R 2
3
R 2,3 = R 2 + R 3
R 2,3 .
R 2,3 .
300.
R1
R2,3
I
I1
R1
I2
R2,3
V
R = R 1 + R 2,3
R =
R1 R 2,3
R1 + R 2,3
;

V ( )
. :
;
V
R1
.

.

;

.
:
;

.
301.
1. R
.
2. hm
V
R
3. , .
4. ,
: I =
R = R1 + R 2 + R 3 .
5. ,
:
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
R R1 R 2 R 3
302.
.
. R , .
.
0,5 ,
;
I(mA)
500
0
1000 V(Volt)
. .
R =
V
1000Volt
1000Volt
R=
R=
R = 2000 2K .
I
500mA
0,5A
. ,
.
: 1m R = 0, 5K
x; R = 2K
0,5 x = 1mK
0,5 x 1m2K
=
x = 4m .
0,5K
0,5
.
. .
. ;
. I1 , I 2 , I 3 V1 , V2 , V3 .
. R
R = R1 + R 2 + R 3 R = 10 + 20 + 30 R = 60
. =
V
120V
I=
I = 2A
R
60
. I = I1 = I 2 = I3 = 2A
R2 = 20
R1 = 10
+
V = 120V
R3 = 30
I1 =
V1
V1 = I1 R1 V1 = 2A 10 V1 = 20V
R1
I2 =
V2
V2 = I 2 R 2 V2 = 2A 20 V2 = 40V
R2
I3 =
V3
V3 = I3 R 3 V3 = 2A 30 V3 = 60V
R3
.
. .
. ;
. I1 , I 2 , I 3 V1 , V2 , V3 ;
. R 2,3 =
R 2 R 3
4040
R 2,3 =
R 2,3 = 20
R2 + R3
40 + 40
303.
R2 = 40
R1 = 20
R3 = 40
+
V = 120V
R = R 1 + R 2,3 R = 20 + 20 R = 40
. = 1 = 3
V1 = I1 R 1 V1 = 3A 20 V1 = 60Volt
V = V1 + V2,3 V2,3 = V V1 V2,3 = 120V 60V V2,3 = 60V

V2 , V3 V2,3 = V2 = V3 = 60V
I2 =
V2
60V
I2 =
I 2 = 1,5
R2
40
3 =
V3
60V
I3 =
I3 = 1,5
R3
40
304.

1. :
.................... , .................... ....................
, .................... .
2. :
, .................... .................... ....................
.................... .................... .
3. :
(S.I.) ....................
4. .
. , .................... ....................
. , .................... ....................
5. ;
. R.
. .
. .
. 1 100.
6. ;
.
.
. , ,
.
. ,
.
. , .
7. ;
:
. .
. .
. , .
305.
8. ;
. .
. () .
.
.
. .
9. ;
:
. .
. .
. .
. , .
. , . .
10. :

R1
R2
R3
R1
1.
2.
R2
3.
3
.
R1
R2
R4
R3
306.
11. :

.
1.R. = 10
.
2. R. = 25
3. R. = 40
.
4. R. = 5
12. . ;
. R2 R3 .
. R1 R4 .
. R1 R2 .
. R1 R2 .
. .
. .
. .
307.
1. V = 6 Volt,
= 2 mA. .
2. R = 2000 V = 200 Volt.

.
3. q = 2 mC t = 4 s.
. .
. R = 4 K, .
4. , V1 = 400 Volt
I1 = 10 mA. :
.
V2 = 1000 Volt.
. .
5. V = 220 Volt,
= 10 20 t = 2 s.
. .
. .
. .
q e = 1, 610 19 C ( ).
6.
. .
7. .
, ,

308.
. ;
. V - I.
. .
8. 0,2 .
V = 20 Volt
I = 2 A;
9. . V = 500 V. = 0,5 , ; R = 2 M
. ,
;
10. 12 V 40 .
. .
. .
. .
.
11. Volt, = 1,25 .

.
.
.
R 1 = 12 , R 2;
. V1 V2.
309.
12.
R1 = 20 , R2 = 0,01 R3 = 30 .
. . .
. 6 .
i. V1;
ii. V ;
13.
V1
R1 = 40 , R2 = 10 , R3 = 40 R4 = 12 .
V1 = 40 V 0,8 .
R1
. .
+V
R2
V2
A1
R4
R3
. .
. R3;
. V2; .
14. R = 200 , = 0,5 . ,

R1 = 20 , R2 = 20 , R3 = 100
R4 = 90 , .
. .
. ;
. ; .
310.
1
1. :
. V.
. R .
. V.
. .
2. 1 :
. 1000
. 1000
. 0,01
. 1
2
1. .
;
2. . ;
. 1 = 2 = 3
. R. = R1 + R2 + R3
. 2R2 = I3R3
. V1 = V2
1
V1 = 1 KV
I1 = 250 mA.
. .
. V2 = 500 V ;
2
R = 250 , , (
) V = 400 Volt.
. .
. .
311.
1
1. q = 300 mC t = 2,5 s.
:
. = 450
. = 200
. = 0,12
. = 4,5
2.
VAB = +300 Volt. q = +3 C
, :
. = 900 J
. = 0,9 J
. = 9 104 J
. = 100 J
3. :
. .
. .
. .
. .
2
1. ;
2. ; .
3. :
.................... ....................
....................
...................., ....................
.................... .
1
q = 0,4 C t = 20 s.
e = 1,6 1019 C:
. ;
. ;
312.
. R = 25 ,
;
2
,
= 1018 J.
. ;
. t = 1020 s.
;
e = 1,6 1019 C.
313.
(. 215 - 220)
E:
1. / / .
2. / / .
3. / / / / /
/ .
4. / / / / .
5. . ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
6. . ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
7. . ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
8. . ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ().
9. . ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
. ()
10.
.
.
11.
A
+
V
314.
12.
,
.
13.
.
R2
R1
14.
(R 2 )
. R 1
.
I
+
V
R2
R1
+
15.

.
:
1. . I =
q
q = I t q = 1, 6C
t
. q = N e e N e =
q
1, 6C
=
= 1019
e 1, 61019 C
. E = V I t E = 5V 1, 6A 1s = 8J
. I = 1, 6A
. N e = 1019
315.
. I =
2. .
V
q
q = I t q = 0,5A 60s = 30C
t
. = = V I t = V q = 6V 30C = 180J
. h = 15m
U = mg h = 150J . U = 150J E = 180J . U < .

3. .
R
+
. Ohm: I =
V
5V
I=
= 0,1A
R
50
. I = 0,1A
. . .
4. . I1 =
V1
3V
3
A
I1 =
=
R1
20 20
. V2 = I 2 R 2 =
5. .
. I 2 = I1 = I =
3
A
20
3
30 = 4,5V V = V1 + V2 = 3V + 4,5V = 7,5V
20
R R
1
1
1
6030
=
+
R = 1 2 R =
R = 20
R R1 R 2
R1 + R 2
60 + 30
. VAB = V = R = 0,3 20 VAB = V = 6Volt

. I1 =
VAB
6V
1
I1 =
I 1 = = 0,1
R1
60
10
6. .
I2 =
.
V
12
I=
= 1, 2A R
10
.
I =
VAB
6V
1
I2 =
I 2 = A = 0, 2
R2
30
5
316.
. R = R . + R .
I=
V
V
12
R = R = R = 12
R
I
1
R = R . + R R . = R R R . = 12 10 = 2
. : I = 1A
V = I R = 1 2 = 2Volt
. I = 1 VR = IR = 1A 10 = 10Volt
. R = R . + R R = 2 + 10 = 12
7.
hm.
8. .
. R =
(V)
()
()
167
12
167
25
160
35
171
47
170
10
61
164
V
Ohm.
I
I(mA)
61
47
35
25
12
2 4 6 8 10 V Volt
.
R 166
A
R
I
27 :
26 :
26
Joule;
. Joule.

Joule;

Joule
.
.
( ) .

(Q).
m Q = cm c = .
!

Joule S.I.
Joule
.
Q R,
t ,
, .
Q = I 2 R t
320.
:
.
.
. .

: Q = I 2 R t .
. . ( )
.
.
.
.
.
, , ;
Joule
,
,
.
.
321.
()
.
.
.
.
Joule.
E
Joule
. .
Joule .

,
( ) .
. .

.
.
. .
. .
. () .
1. Joule
.
.
2. Q Joule Q = I2 R t ,
:
. .
. .
322.
R V
I = 2A . m = 0,1Kg ,
, 1 = 20 o C . t = 0, 5min
2 = 26 o C . :
. ,
.
. . c = 4200
J
.
Kg.C
t = 0,5min = 30s
. :
Q = m c Q = mc ( 2 1 )
Q = 0,1g 4200
J
26 o C 20 o C ) Q = 2520J
(
Kg C
. Joule :
Q = I 2 Rt R =
Q
2520J
R=
R = 21
2
I t
(2A ) 30s
2
. H :
V = IR V = 2A21 V = 42V
323.
1. R t
Q. R, Q:
.
. ,
.
.
2. R
t, :
.
.
.
.
3. R t
, :
.
.
.
.
4. R1 > R 2 . Q :
.
. R1
. R 2
5. R1 > R 2 . Q :
.
. R1
. R 2
324.
1. R = 15
V = 60V . -
Q t = 2 min .
2. R1 = 15
R 2 = 20 . -
V = 140V . t = 10 min :
. ,
. ,
. .
I = 22A
220V. 200L. 75% . :
. ,
. 20min.
3. O
. 20 o C ,
20min;
c = 4200
J
1g / cm 3 .
Kg C
325.
1
Joule
2

:
i.
ii.
iii.
3
Joule

i.
ii.
iii.

iv.

.
1
Q = 1440KJ .
. 100V.
2
R = 7 Q = 10Kcal
t = 1min . ;
1cal = 4, 2Joule .
27
;
-
E = V
It

E
I t

. :
.
.
.
I:

E
V
I=
t
E
V t

t:
t=
V I

:
E = V I t :
E
V I
E:
V I
E = V I t
V: ()
.
I:
t: .

E = V I t
328.
P = V
I

q : q = I t .
q : E = V q .
P:
V I.
. t o
P = V I

V:
V=
I
P
I
I:
: E = V q = V I t
""
.
H ""
.
P=
E
t
P=
VI t
P = VI
t
: :
P
V
I=
1KW = 103 W
().
V
1MW = 10 W
6
().
S.I 1 Watt.
1Watt, 1V 1.
S.I 1 Joule.
1 Joule 1 1s
1V. 1KJ = 103 Joule .
(Wh).
H (Wh)
. (. ..).
(1) -
2/R
P = V

V2
P
P:
V2
R
P =
V2
R

R:
R=
V2
P
V2:
329.
1W,
.
E = 1Wh = 1KW 1h = 1000W 3600s = 3600000J
Joule
E = V I t .
.
: V = IR :
E = Q Q = VI t Q = IR I t Q = I 2 R t .

.
P = V I .
V = IR :
P = IR I P = I2 R
P R
V 2 = P R
I =
P = V
V
:
R
V
V2
P =
.
R
R
1.
: E = V I t .
2. 1Joule.
3. :
P = VI 1Watt.
4. H
1W .
5. : P =
V2
P = I2 R
R
330.
220V, 1100W. :
.
. .
. t = 8h .
. KWh 0,12 .
. V = 110V .
. P = V I I =
V
:
R
( 220V )
V2
V2
= R = R =
R = 44
R
1100W
2
. P = V I I =
1100W
=
I = 5
V
220V
. W = 1100W = 1,1KW . :
E = t E = 1,1KW 8h E = 8,8KWh
. 1 Wh 0,12 8,8 Wh :
= 1, 056
KWh
. V = 110 V .
8,8KWh 0,12
(110V )
V2
P =
= 275W
R
44
2
44. =
220V
E = 6, 6KJ 1 .
m = 50Kg h = 10m . :
331.
.
.
.

.
. .
E = 6, 6KJ = 6600J
t = 1min = 60s
. :
E = V I t I =
E
Vt
I=
6600J
I = 0,5A
220V 60s
.
m.
E = U . E = w h E = mg h
E = 50Kg 10m / s 2 10m E = 5000J
. Q = E = 6600J 5000J = 1600J
. R =
. =
V
220V
R=
R = 440
I
0,5A
.

5000J
= 0, 76
6600J
332.
1. V. ,
, :
. .
. .
. .
2. R1 R 2 ( R1 > R 2 )
. :
. R1 R 2 .
. R 2 R1 .
. .
. .
3. R1 R 2 ( R1 > R 2 ) .
:
. R1 R 2 .
. R 2 R1 .
. .
. .
4. .

. q
.
. V
.
.
i. J
ii. V
iii. W
iv. A
v. C
333.
5.
:

.
.
.
.
i. V/R
ii. IR
iii. V/I
iv. VI
v. I 2 R t
6. ( V = 220V ) .
, :
. .
.
. .
7. 60V, 500W.
;
. 6
. 10
. 16
. 20
334.
1. V = 1KV
500mA. :
.
. t = 40 min .
2. M 2Wh
t = 30 min .
W W.
3. P = 100W
E = 0,5KWh .
4. 120W, 240V.
. 3
1 Wh 0,08 .
5.
R 1 = 15 R 2 = 30 .
V = 180V . :
. .
. .
. .
. R 2
t = 10 min .
6.
R 1 = 15 R 2 = 30
V. = 10 . :
. .
. .
. .
335.
. R1 t = 20 min
7.
E = 13, 2J
t = 0,5min V = 220V . 75%.

m = 220Kg . :
. .
. .
. t = 0,5min .
. .
.
t = 0,5min .
8. (6W, 6V) (12W, 12 V) . :

. .
. .
. V = 9V.
9. ( R1
R 2 R 3 ).
R1 = 3, R 2 = 6, R 3 = 8, V = 100V .
:
. .
. .
10. (1200W, 100V).

R
V = 220V.
336.
1

.
2

Joule.
3
.
. P =
E
t
. E = q V
. P = V 2 R
. P = I 2 R
. E = V I t
. E = I2 R t
. E = V 2 R t
1
R = 10
V = 220V . 5 ,
. 1Wh 0,09 .
2
R1 R 2
V=220V. R1 P1 = 550W
R 2 P2 = 1100W . :
. R1 R 2 .
. 4h ,
. Wh, Joule
cal. 1cal = 4, 2Joule .
337.
(. 234 - 237)
E:
1. / / / .
2. / / / / / /
3. / / / / .
4. . . Q = I 2 R t ,
t , I R .
Q = mc , , m .
2 min = 40,5 min , . = 42 = 8 o C 20 C 28 C.

. . Q = I 2 R t Q
I R t . Q
I (1A 2A ) . Q = mc
= 42 o C = 8 o C .
28 C.
. . Q = I 2 R t , Q R I t
. R Q .
Q = mc = 22 o C = 4 o C . 20 C 24 C.
. .
2
I2
I
. Q = R 4t = R 4t = I 2 R t = Q 4
2
. .
338.
5. . ,
.
.
, .
6. . .
. .
. .
. .
7. .
Joule .
8. Q = I 2 R t = 30Joule . :
t
t
2
Q = ( 2I ) R Q = 4I 2 R Q = 2I 2 R t Q = 2Q
2
2
9. .
, Joule, .
, .
10. .
, Joule .
11.
12V
30W. 12V, :
Pk = Vk I k I k =
Pk
30W
I=
I = 2,5A
Vk
12V
12. . .
. > . .
13. 12V . . :
P = P1 + P2 + P3 P = 6W + 30W + 24W P = 60W
339.
:
R
A
1. .
V
. .
: I =
V
6V
I=
I = 1A
R
6
. t = 2 min = 120s
Q = I 2 R t Q = (1A ) 6 120s Q = 720Joule
2
. = V I t = 6V 1A 120s = 720Joule
E . = Q.
.
. R =
R
= 3
2
Q = Q = 720Joule
Q = I2 R t t =
I =
V 6V
=
= 2A
R 3
Q
720J
t =
t = 60s 1min
2
I R
( 2A ) 3
2
. . . :
P=
P=
P = VI = 6V1A
P = VI = 6V2A

t

t
=6
J
P = 1W
s
= 12
J
P = 12W
s
V
6V
I=
I = 0,5A
R
12
. Q :
2. . Ohm : I =
Q = mc Q = 0,1Kg 4200
J
(23o C 20o C ) Q = 1260J
Kg o C
Q = I2 R t t =
Q
1260J
t=
t = 420s 7 min
2
I R
(0,5A ) 12
2
340.
3. . Ohm : I =
V
V = IR V = 5A 40 V = 200Volt
R
= V I t = 200V 5A 120s = 120000J
. () t = 2 min = 120s
: Q =
70
Q = 0, 7120000J Q = 84000J
100
. Q = mc =
Q
84000J
=
= 2o C
J
mc
10Kg 4200
Kg o C
4. . .
R = R1 + R 2 R = 20 + 40 R = 60 .

Ohm.
I=
V
12V
I=
I = 0, 2A
R
60
. t = 2min = 120s :
Q1 = I 2 R 1 t Q1 = (0, 2A ) 20 120s Q1 = 96J
2
Q 2 = I 2 R 2 t Q 2 = (0, 2A ) 40 120s Q 2 = 192J

2
. = V I t = 12V 0, 2A 120s = 288Joule

.
Q1 I 2 R1 t
Q
Q
2
=
= I 2 R1 1 = (0, 2A ) 20 1 = 0,8J / s
t
t
t
t
2
Q 2 I R 2 t
Q
Q
2
=
= I 2 R 2 2 = (0, 2A ) 40 2 = 1, 6J / s
t
t
t
t
. t = 1s = V I t = 12V 0, 2A 1s = 2, 4Joule
5. . P = V I P = 12V 2A P = 24W
. t = 1min = 60s E = V I t E = 12V 2A 60s E = 1440J
. :
= Q + . Q = . Q = 1440J 1000J Q = 440J
341.
1000J
0, 7 = 70%
1440J
6. . 10min = 600s :
P =
= P t = 600W 600s = 360000J
. P = VI I =
. P =
I=
600W
I = 5A
120V
80
P P = 0,8600W P = 480W
100
. 10min = 600s :
P =
= P t = 480W 600s = 288000J
. t = 1s
P =
P =
= P t = 600W 1s = 600J
= P t = 480W 1s = 480J
:
= Q + . Q = . Q = 600J 480J Q = 120J
. :
= Q + . Q = . Q = 360000J 288000J Q = 72000J
7. . P = V I V = R I :
P = IR I P = 2 R I 2 =
P
R
I=
P
R
I=
4W
I = 0, 2A
100
. Ohm :
V
V = IR V = 0, 2A 100 V = 20Volt
R
t = 2min = 120s :
I=
Q = I 2 R t Q = ( 0, 2A ) 100 120s Q = 480J

2
. Ohm :
342.
I =
V
10V
=
= 0,1
R
100
t = 1s : Q = I2 R t Q = (0,1A ) 100 1s Q = 1J
2
t = 2s : Q = I2 R t Q = (0,1A ) 100 120s Q = 120J

2
Q 480J
Q
=
= 4 Q = 4Q
Q 120J
Q
Q Q.
FL
A
FL
L
28 :
FL
A
FL
28

Laplace
;
.
;

.
;
, .
( .. , ,
...) .
. .
.
- Laplace
346.
'
,
. .
1Tesla.
( ).
( )
..
.
; ;

!

(
)

.
Oersted
.

.

( ).
Oersted;
Oersted

. .
Laplace ;

- Laplace
F=BIl
F:
I l
FL = B I
B:
FL
B=
I l
FL
I
347.
Laplace:
FL = BI . . .

. ,
FL = BI .

.
!
To Laplace
F L = BI
.
I:

FL
B
I=
l
FL
B
l:
FL
B I
=
FL
B I
;

1Tesla =
FL
1N
. Tesla
1T =
1
1A 1m

1m 1 1.
1.
( - )
.
2. :
FL
I . 1Tesla.
3. .
4.
Laplace (FL) .
B=
- Laplace
348.
4m
2 Tesla 2 . Laplace
.
I
FL = BI
B
= 2T 1A 3m
= 6N
FL I

.
.

.
5m 2 4.
.
FL = BI
I=
FL
4N
4
I=
I = A I = 0, 4A
B
2T 5m
10
.

.
FL
- Laplace
349.

1.
Laplace. ;
2. Laplace.
;
3.
F L .
4. F L
.
. .
5. .
6. ;
- Laplace
350.
1.
3m
4 4 . Laplace
.
2. 2 m
. 2 0,2 Kg.
. g = 10m/s 2 .
.
3.

.

.
Laplace. :
V =16Volt
=1m
B = 2T
V
B
R = 4
- Laplace
351.
(. 249 - 251)
E:
1. , ,
2. , , , , .
3. Tesla ,1Tesla , , .
4. .
5. , , .
6.
FL
I
FL
7. Laplace . ()
.
8.
FL
I
- Laplace
352.
9. Laplace.
FL
I2
FL
B2
B1 I1
10. . , ,
.
. , ,
.
.
. ,
. ,
. .
A:
1. FL = BI I =
FL
0, 08N
I=
= 4A
B
0, 04T 0,5m
2. FL = BI =
FL
0, 08N
=
= 1m
BI
0, 04T 2A
I
3. F L = BI = 0,04T 4A 1m = 0,16N
FL
4. .
5. F L = BI B =
FL
0, 06N
B=
B = 2T
I
1A 0, 03m
6. 5cm = 0,05m
F L = BI = 0, 02T 2A 0, 05m = 0,002N
FL
30
;

.
.

.
;
V(Volt)

,
.

.
t(s)
V(Volt)
0
t(s)
362.
, .
1 s (second).

;
;
V(Volt)
V1
t(s)
0,02 0,04 0,06

. 1 ertz (Hz). :
1
f=
T
; ;
. 1 Volt.

.

;
!
Ampere
S.I.
Volt.
()

, .
.
363.
Joule ;
!

.
Joule
: Q = I2 R t
Ohm ;
Ohm : I =
V
R
...
220 Volt.
;
:
= V

;

. . .
;
-
364.

.
,
.
, , . .
;
!

.
.
.

;
:
V1 N1
=
V2 N 2
1.
.
2.

.
V
R
4.
3. Ohm : I =
P = V I
365.
:
. 5 mA mpere
. 2 h s (second)
. 3 W Watt
. 4 KV Volts
. 5 mA = 5 103 A = 0,005 A
. 3 MW = 3 106 W = 3000000 W
. 2 h = 2 3600 s = 7200 s
. 4 KV = 4 103 V = 4000 V
10 20s.
.
.
20s 10 .
1 .
: 10 = 20 = 20/10 = 2s
1s.
20s 10 .
1s f .
: 20f = 10 f = 10/20 f = 0,5 Hz
: f = 1/T f = 1/ 2s = 0,5Hz
20 V 1 .
, 5 min;
H , V. = 20 V.
V 20
=
= 20 A
R
1
: t = 5 min = 5 60 = 300 s
Ohm: I =
2
E Joule: Q = I
R t Q = 120000 J
366.

, . = 2. R
V2
: Q = t
R
V
Ohm: I. = . V. = . R
R
H : = V. . = . R . = 2. R
2
2
V2
V.
V
2
Q
=
R
t
t
Joule: Q = I. R t = R t = .
R
R2
R

R = 10 .
:
. .
.
: V = 0,7 Vo,
.
. t = 10s.
. .
. 10s
(.),
;
.
t = 2s, : = 2s.
100 V. : Vo = 100 Volts
V. 70V
=
I . = 7 A
R
10
. Joule: Q = I2. R t Q = 4900 Joule Q = 4,9 KJ
. V. = 0,7 Vo = 0,7 100 V. = 70 V. Ohm: I. =

. = V. I. = 490 W
. : Q =
2
R t R =
N Joule: Q = .
Q 4900
=
Q = 2450 J
2
2
R = 5
t
H
.
2
.
367.

1. ;
2. ;
;
3. ,
;
4. ;
.
5. ;
6. :
.
.
.
.
7.
;
8. :

1.
. 1 Joule
2.
. 1 s (second)
3.
. 1 Ampere
4.
. 1 Watt
5.
. 1 z (Hertz)
6.
9. :
. .
368.
. .
. .
. ,
.
16. :
.
.
.
17. :
. 5 V
. 220 V
. 20000 V
. 50000 V
18. V - t ,
.
. :
i. V1
ii. V2
iii.
. :
i. V1
ii. V2
iii.
. :
i. V1
ii. V2
iii.
19. , . ;
.
.
V
.
V
V
I
I
20. R 10 Joule t = 10 s,
369.
. 3 10 J
t = 2 s.
:
. 3
. 1
. 5
21. :
. , :
i. ii.
iii. iv.
. :
i. ii.
iii.
iv.
22. = 2
. = 2 . , :
. .
.
23. :
. V1
. V2
. .
24.
; .
25. 200 ,
110 V. A ,
:
. 300
. 500
. 100
. 200
26. V1 V2 1 2
:
. V1 V2 = N1 N2
V1 N1
=
V2 N 2
. V1 + V2 = N1 + N2
V1 N 2
=
V2 N1
370.
1.
0,01s. .
2. , 16 4s
100 J. :
. .
. , .
. () .
. t = 0,
5ms , .
3. .
.
0,5 10 Watt.
. .
. .
. .
. () t = 2s;
. ()
;
4. -
5
.
:
. = 0,7 V. = 0,7 Vo
371.
. o .
. .
. , .
5. ,
, . = 5 ,
() , ;
6. ...
. 22 .
... 220 V, :
.
, ;
. 5s;
. , ,
;
. 5s;
372.
1
. :
. .
. ,
.
. .
. .
.
.
. - :
:
1. :
.
.
2. :
.
.
2
. :
.........................
, ......................... .
........................., ......................... .........................,
.
373.
. .
. R1 R2 R1 > R2, .
; .
1

100 V, 50 , . , :
. .
. .
. .
. , (
) 1000 J;
2
10 . t = 0,
2 Volts. 1ms,
.
1,4 Volts. :
. .
. ;
. ;
.
0,0784 Joule;
374.
(. 271 - 275)
E:
1. , , , , , .
2. , , , , .
3. , , .
4. , , .
5. , , , .
6. , , .
7. , , .
8. (.), (.), (.).

9. (.), (.), (.).
10. (.), (.).
11. (.), (.), (.).
12. (.), (.).
13. ,
. , . .
14. . ,
,
, ,
.
375.
. , ,
.
. ,
.
. .
.
15. , . ,
, . , ,

.
. , .

.

.
16. 600 .

. ,
. 600
,
.
17.

.
.
:
1. :
T 0, 4
=
= 0,1s
4
4
376.
/4. /4 ,
. t = 0 ,
/4 = 0,1s 0, 0,1s
:
: f =
1
1
=
f = 2, 5 Hz
T 0, 4
2. .
. I. = 2
. V. = 16 V
. Ohm: I. =
V.
V
16V
R = . =
R = 8
R
I.
2A
. t = 10 min = 10 60 s = 600 s, Q = I2. R t Q = 19200 J

3. . To :
. , : . = 2
. .
V.
V. = I. R = 2 10 V. = 20V
R
. Joule, S.I.:
Ohm: I. =
t = 1 min = 1 60 s = 60 s Q = I2. R t Q = 2400 J

. , ,
( ), . : V. = V. = 20 V
N
Laplace
I
B
S
11
Laplace
FL
FL
N
I
B
S
FL
31 :
B
N
FL
31
;

.
;

.
Laplace.
Laplace .
Laplace
380.
;
:
FL
N
I
S
B
FL
:
.
:
.
:
.
;
: .
;
,
. .
.

()

. .
381.
1. ,
.
2. :
.
3. H
Laplace.
FL,A
B
I
12
B
I
FL,B
32 :
N S
FL,A
A
I
B
I
FL,B
B
FL,A
FL,B
32
;
:
.
.
.
-
!

.
;
, (, , ...) .
()
.

;
,
.
. P = VI V ().
386.

. .
(1Wh);

1KW
.
:
1KWh = 1000W 3600s = 3.600.000J
1.
.
2. Joule

.
3. .
387.
(. 286 - 287)
E:
1. :
.
.
. .
. Laplace
.
.
.
2. :
.
.
.
.
3. :
.
. , , , ,
.
4. :
.
. Joule
.
.
.
.
. .
5. ,
,
(
).

.
FL,A
I
B
I
FL,B
B
6.
, . ,
, ()
.
388.
7. .

.
8.
.
N S
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Fysikh G Gymnasioy

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( x > 0 x 2 x1 > 0 x 2 > x1 )

: x = x x = x B x A = ( +19m ) ( 13m ) = +32m

S = d OA + d AB = x A x O + x B x A = ( +10m ) 0m + ( +4m ) ( +10m ) =

x 2 = 20m 10m / s ( 4 0 ) s x 2 = 20m 40m x 2 = 20m

1 = 5m/s 2 = 3m/s , d AB = 12m .

t = 5s x = 20m / s5s = 100m

(1) x = 7,5m / s (6 2 ) s = 30m

(1) x = 1000m + 3000m = 4000m x = 4Km

. t = 50s + 100s t = 150s t =

1 = 4m/s, 2 = 8m/s, 3 = 8m/s 4 = 0m/s ,

. t = t 2 = 15s , = 2 x = x 2 . (1) 2 = 2m / s 2 15s = 30m / s ,

: x = x 2 x1 = 225m 100m = 125m

y 2 = h y1 = (125 80)m = 45m

y g .. > g , (1) (2) : t > t .. .

min = 0 < < max = g

. (1) = 10m / s 2 5s = 50m / s

t1 = 0, 447s, t 2 = 0, 775s t 3 = 1, 414s

1 = 4, 47m / s, 2 = 7, 75m / s, 3 = 14,14m / s

Fmax = F1 + F2 = 10N + 4 Fmax = 14N

4. 1 1cm 5 5cm 10 10cm.

10. Fmax = F1 + F2 = 400N + 300N = 700N . Fmin = F1 F2 = 400N 300N = 100N

= 36N 2 + 64N 2 = 100N 2 F = 10N

F = 2m (1) : F = 2F = 210N = 20N

9. F = m = 6500m / s 2 0, 7Kg = 4550N

m1 > m 2 (1) (2) 1 > 2 .

. w = 70Kg 10m / s 2 = 700N

. w = 900Kg 10m / s 2 = 9000N

10KP > 2.500 2 .

= 32104 2 = 320.000P 32 2 > 3200P .

( = 5cm, = 10cm, = 15cm)

. A1 A1 = 5cm 10cm = 50cm 2

. A 2 A 2 = 15cm 5cm = 75cm 2

. w = m g = 10Kg 10m / s 2 = 100N .

: F = w o = w + w = 100N + 200N = 300 .

P = 3kP = 3 103 P = 3 103

A = 1cm 2 = 1 (102 m ) = 104 m 2

A = 1cm 2 = 1(102 m ) = 1 104 m 2 ,

(1), (2) (3) :

1500. 300; : 2 = 25 10-2 m 2 .

= 105 N / m 2 + 10m / s103 Kg / m3 50m = 6105

A = 1cm 2 = (102 m ) = 104 m 2

18. . 4000m 0,6atm.

h A = 25m 10m = 15m . PA = g d v h A = 150.000

h = 25m 15m = 10m . P = g d v h = 100.000N / m 2

6. = 100cm 2 = 10 2 m 2 , h = 3m, d v = 1000

P = g d v h = 10m / s 2 1000Kg / m3 80m = 8105 N / m 2

F. = 0 + = w A = w T = 1500 400 = 1100

W = F x W = 150N 10m W = 1500J . w, N

U = m g h U = 5Kg 10m / s 2 10m U = 500J

E = + U E = 250J + 500J E = 750J

h1 = 20m . h 2 = 10m . (g = 10m/s2)

W = mg x W = 250Kg 10m / s 2 2,3m = 5750J

W = Fx x W = 1,5N 10m = 15J

= t = 2500m / s 2 0, 03s = 75m / s

11. . W = F x = 80N10m = 800J

= 210m / s 2 45m = 30m / s

14. . U = m g h U = 20Kg 10m / s 2 100m U = 20000J

t = 10 min t = 1060s t = 600s

P = F P = 1000 10m / s P = 10000W

F = F1 F2 F = 50N 30N F = 20N

x = 30m / s10s x = 300m

W = F x W = 2000N 300m = 600000J