Unit5OilandGas 1. a. Erosioncanleadtoleaksfromoilfieldpipework. Give details of three different erosion mechanisms, commonly encounteredinoilfieldpipework.

pework. [50%] Identify the local conditions most likely to give rise to erosion in a pipeworksystem,andnamevulnerablecomponents. [20%] Describe the typical physical damage induced by erosion in a pipeworksystem. [30%]

b.

c.

2.

In offshore oilfields seawater injection is often employed to aid hydrocarbon recovery. Given that the seawater injection system is fabricatedfromcarbonsteel,answerthefollowing. Listthepotentialsourcesofinternalcorrosionforthissystem. [20%]

a. b.

Describemeasuresanengineercouldintroducetocontrolcorrosionin thisseawaterinjectionsystem. [40%] Sometimes, upon injection of seawater, a reservoir can begin to producesourhydrocarbonfluids.Explainhowthisphenomenonmay occur. [20%] Giventhattheseawateriscommingledwithproducedwaterpriorto injection, identify additional potential sources of concern for the engineer. [20%]

c.

d.

3. a. Explain what is meant by the concept of corrosion inhibitor availability. [25%] Explainhowitisused: b. At the design stage of a project to assess whether carbon steel is a suitablematerial. [25%] Attheinhibitortestingstagetodefinearequiredinhibitedcorrosion rate. [25%] Inoperationtoaidmanagementofcorrosioninhibitionprogrammes. [25%]

c.

d.

4.

Asubsea20kmlongmultiphaseflowlineisbeingdesigned.Describe theinformationyouwouldrequireandtheprocessesyouwouldgo through to decide if carbon steel was a suitable material of construction. [100%]