COUNCIL

OF EUROPE

English-Russian
Russian-English

Glossary
of the European
Convention
on Human Rights

CONSEIL
DE LEUROPE

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75

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R
C
A
D
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HRCAD (2006) 4 RU

English-Russian, Russian-English

Glossary
of the European Convention on Human Rights

-/-

Human Rights Co-operation and Awareness Division

Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs
Council of Europe
2007

English-Russian
A
abduction

absence of a public hearing

absence of right to
compensation
absentia [in]
absolutely necessary
absolute rights
abuse of the right of petition

access to court
access to information
access to relevant files

accessibility
acquittal at first instance

action for damages

(
)

/,

actio popularis

adequate facilities

adequate time

adjourn the case

administrative detention

administrative practice

administrative proceedings

admissibility criteria

admissible/ility/decision

admit (evidence)

adoption of a judgment

adversarial trial/adversarial
hearing

after conviction

age of criminal responsibility

aim

alienate

allegation

A-C

allocate
allowance
alternative civil service
appeal on a point of law

appellant
applicability
applicable provisions
applicant
application for release from
detention
apprehension
arbitrariness

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

)
,

,
,

arbitrary action

arbitrary arrest/detention

,
/

arbitrary deprivation of liberty

arguable claim

arrest

arrest warrant

assault

asylum-seeker

award compensation/
damages

B
bailiff
bankruptcy
biased
bill of indictment
binding judgment

bringing before competent

authority

brought promptly before

judge or other officer

authorised by law to exercise
judicial power
,

bringing before competent
legal authority

C
capital punishment
case
case-law
cassation appeal
causal link
change religion or belief

charged with criminal offence

charges
child born out of wedlock

circumstances of the case

,
;

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

C-D

civil rights and obligations

civilian substitute service

civil service

claim
, ;

coercion (administrative)

()
collective complaint

collective exercise of freedom
of expression

collective punishment

commit an offence

common ground
;

comparable situation

compatibility with the

Convention

compensation
;

competent court

competent legal authority

complaint

composition
()
compulsory

compulsory labour

concurring opinion

conditional release

condition of detention


conduct of the proceeding

civil proceedings

confidentiality
conscientious objection

conscientious objector

constitute
constitutional proceedings
constitutionality
continued detention

continuing situation
control of use of property

conviction
convincingly demonstrate
costs and expenses
Court holds
court of appeal
criminal charge
criminal offence
criminal proceedings

custody of children
custody record

custody suite

; ,
,

D
date of lodging of a complaint

decision

;
;

D-D

death penalty
default interest
defamation
defence from unlawful
violence
defence through legal
assistance
defend in person
degrading punishment

degrading treatment

delays in payment of
compensation for
expropriation
delays in the proceedings
deliver a judgment
democratic society
demonstration
denial of access to lawyer
deprivation of liberty
deprivation of possession
deprivation of property
derogable rights and
freedoms
derogation

derogation in time of war or

other public emergency

destruction of possessions
and home
detention on remand

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

(
)

,
,
determination
,

diligence
,

diplomatic assurances

directly imputable to the local

authorities
( )

disability pension

(enforced) disappearance

()

disclosure of identity

discrimination

dismissal
,

dismissal from civil service/of

appeal on points of law

dispute
,
dissemination

dissenting opinion

dissolution (of an association, (,
political party, etc.)

..)
documentary evidence

domestic legislation

double jeopardy

duties and responsibilities

duty solicitor

determine

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

E-F

E
educational supervision

effect lawful arrest

effective access to a court

effective domestic remedy

effective remedy

effectiveness of investigation
into (murder)

()

enforceable judicial decision

enforcement proceeding

elections by secret ballot

equality before the law

equality of arms

()

equitable basis

established by law

examination of the appeal

(/
)

examination of circumstances

examination of witnesses

examine all the facts arguing

for or against
examine the second set of
proceedings

exclusion of press

()

exclusion of public

()

execution

exercise the jurisdiction

exemption from exhaustion of

domestic remedies

exhaust domestic remedies

exhaustion of domestic

remedies


expel
,
expiry of time-limit

expropriation
,

expulsion
, ,

extend the detention on

remand



(
)
extent strictly required by
,
situation

extensive
,

extradition

extraterritorial jurisdiction

excessive length of
proceedings

F
fair hearing

feeling of fear, anguish and

inferiority

fairness of proceedings

final domestic decision

family life

F-H

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

freedom of peaceful assembly

forced labour

freedom of religion

forensic expert

form/join trade unions

freedom of the press

foreseeability

freedom of thought

found a family

free assistance of an
interpreter

freedom to choose a place of

residence

free elections

freedom to impart ideas

free legal assistance

freedom of association

freedom to impart
information

freedom to manifest religion

freedom of conscience

freedom to receive ideas

freedom of correspondence

freedom to receive
information

forced evacuation

freedom of expression

freedom of movement

friendly settlement

fundamental freedoms

fundamental values of a
democratic society

freedom of opinion

G
general interest

general principles of
international law
general principles of law
recognised by civilised
nations
genuine requirement
The Government

grant legal aid

gross violations

grounds relevant and

sufficient

group of individuals

guarantees to appear for trial

grant applicants claim

H
harassment
has not sufficient means

hinder the exercise of the right

of petition


holding facility

heavier penalty

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

home
humiliating punishment

H-J

I
individual application/petition

/

/



illegal detention

impartial tribunal

impartiality of a judge

imposition of fine

imprisonment

impunity

imputability

in accordance with law

in force
,
in the capacity of
,

inability to secure compliance

with the judgment

inadmissibility

inapplicability

incitement to hatred and

hostility

indemnification
,

independent tribunal

individual
, ,

ill-treatment of detainees/in
custody

/
ineffectiveness of remedies

information in detail

information in language
understood

information on charge

information on nature and

cause of accusation

information on reasons for

arrest

inhuman punishment

inhuman treatment

inter-State case

interests of justice

interests of members

interests of society as a whole

interference

interim measure

interrogation

intimidation

judgments are essentially

declaratory in nature

J
join trade unions

joint opinion

()

judge or other officer

exercising judicial power

judgment

judicial authorities
judicial officer
judicial review

()

J-L

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

just satisfaction

justified by the public interest

in a democratic society

jurisprudence

justify the interference

juvenile delinquency

L
lack of a public hearing

lack of diligence

lack of effective access to a

tribunal

lack of effective remedy/

investigation/oral hearing

/
/

lack of promptness of
information

language which an accused

understands

lapse of time

lawful arrest or detention

lawful order of a court

length of detention on
remand

(
)

length of pre-trial detention

level of jurisdiction

liability

liable under the Convention

liberty of movement

liberty of person

licensing of broadcasting,
television and cinema
enterprises

life

life of the community

life of the nation

,
,

life sentence

lawful restrictions

lawfulness of proceedings

lawyer

legal aid or assistance

legal obligation

limitation on use of
restrictions on rights

legality of detention

limitations to protect
democratic society

legitimate aim

legitimate purpose

limitations to protect the

rights of others

limited jurisdiction

length of civil/criminal
proceedings

10

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

living instrument

local needs and conditions

L-N

() ,

lodge an application
loss of property

maintaining the authority and

impartiality of the judiciary

manifestly ill-founded

manifest religion or belief

margin of appreciation

material damage

measures similar to
,
expropriation

media

members of a minority group ,

members of administration

members of armed forces

members of police

memorial
,
,
,

mental anguish/suffering
/
/

merits of the complaint

military service

minimum degree of

protection to which citizens ,
are entitled under the rule of
law in a democratic society

/

minimum level of severity

/

minority

minors

moderate physical

punishment

monitoring of prisoners

correspondence/
/
telecommunications/

telephones
/

moral damage

morals

make financial award

merits of individual
application/inter-state
application

N
narrow interpretation
national authority
national court
national law
national minority
national origin

national security
nationalisation
nature of punishment
nature of interference
ne bis in idem/non bis in idem
principle

11

N-P

necessary in a democratic
society
negative obligation
negotiations
non-derogable rights and
freedoms
non-enforcement
non-exhaustion
non-exhaustion of domestic
remedies
non-governmental
organisation
non-official summary

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

non-pecuniary damage
normal civic obligations

notification
notification of a derogation
null and void
nulla poena sine lege

nullum crimen sine lege

O
objective and reasonable
justification

obligation of performing
military service
obligation prescribed by law

observance
obtain attendance of
witnesses
officer authorised by law to
exercise judicial power

Ombudsman

oral hearing
oral submission
order release
ordinary courts
originate
other status
outstanding interest

outweigh

P
parental authority
parents religious and
philosophical convictions
particular circumstances of
the case
particular level of severity

peaceful assembly
peaceful enjoyment of
possessions
pecuniary damage
penalty

12

, ;

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

P-P

permit for a demonstration

persons of unsound mind

physical integrity

physical liberty and security

physical punishment

physical suffering

placement in custody

plea of inadmissibility

plot of land

pluralism in education

police surgeon

political activity

political asylum

political or other opinion

political party

political rights

positive obligations

possessions

power of attorney

power to overturn decision of

the court

practical and effective

protection

pre-trial detention

preliminary objection/

investigation
/

preparation of defence

prescribed by law

present-day conditions

presidential pardon

periodic review of the

continuing lawfulness of
detention

press
pressing social need

presumed paternity
presumption in respect of
factors
presumption of innocence
prevent disorder
prevent escape
prevent unauthorised entry
into country
prevention of crime

prevention of disorder
prevention of spreading of
infectious diseases

preventive detention
prima facie

prisoner
private life
procedural defect
procedural guarantees of
review
procedure prescribed by law

prohibition of
prohibition of abuse of rights

prompt and detailed

information
prompt judicial control
prompt trial

promptly

13

P-R

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

proof beyond reasonable

,
doubt

property

proportionality

proportionate to the

legitimate aim pursued

protection of health

protection of juveniles

protection of morals

protection of private life of the
parties

protection of property

protection of public order

protection of the rights and

freedoms of others

protection of the reputation of
others

protection of the rights

proved guilty according to law

provided by law

promptly informed

provisional measure

psychiatric evidence

public

public authority

public emergency

public hearing

public interest

public judgment

public opinion

public order

public safety

public service

publicity

pursue

pursue a legitimate aim

quell riot or insurrection

reasonable suspicion

Q
qualified rights

R
racial discrimination
reasonable and objective
justification

reasonable intervals
reasonable relationship of
proportionality

reasonable time
reasonableness of pre-trial
detention
reasonably necessary to
prevent fleeing

14

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

R-R

reasonably necessary to
prevent offence

reasoning

receive and impart

information and ideas

rectify the shortcomings

redress

referral to Grand Chamber

representative of the Russian

Federation at the European
Court of Human Rights

reputation

required by interests of justice

residence

respect for correspondence

respect for family life

refugee

refusal

respect for home

regardless of frontiers

reimbursement

respect for parents

philosophical convictions

rejection of appeal

respect for parents religious

convictions

rejection of ones application

for release

respect for private life

release pending trial

relevant domestic law

relevant domestic practice

respondent states jurisdiction

and responsibility

-
restitutio in integrum

restitution of property

religion

religious community

restriction on freedom of
movement

religious instructions

restrictive interpretation

religious practice

retrial

remand

retroactive application of
criminal/civil law

()

retroactivity

reunion of family

review by a court

review of lawfulness of
detention

remand in custody

(
)

rendition

reopen the proceedings

representative

15

R-T

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

revision of an earlier judgment

rights of defence

right of access to

right of petition to

right to individual application

right to liberty/security
/

rule of law
rule of respect
ruling on an equitable basis

S


scope of court review

/

secrecy of correspondence

secret ballot

secret surveillance

secure fulfilment of obligation
prescribed by law

secure the payment of

contributions or penalties

security of person

seizure of
,
-
self-defence

separate set of proceedings

service exacted in case of

,
emergency


/

service of a military character

scheme for free legal aid

servitude

sick leave
six-month period/rule
slavery
social origin
social security
special circumstances
speediness of review
stand for election

statute-barred

strictly necessary
strictly proportionate

substitute service
supplementary opinion
surrender
summon the witness

T
take proceedings
taken alone
taking of property
tax penalty

taxation
territorial integrity
testify at trial
third party

16

ECHR: English-Russian glossary

T-W

threat to the life of the nation

time of emergency

time when the act or omission

committed

()
torture

torture in police custody

threat to applicants life

transfer of the property

transmit
treatment
trial within a reasonable time
tribunal established by law

, ,

U
unanimously
unfairness of proceedings
unidentified perpetrator

uniform law
universal suffrage
unlawful detention

unlawfulness
unreasonably long
(procedure)
use of force/violence
use of property

()
/

V
values of a democratic society

victim

violation

vulnerability

W
waiver of the court fees
war or other public
emergency threatening the
life of the nation

withdrawal of parental rights

without prejudice to the
provisions of Article
witness

wording
work required of detainee

work required to be done

during conditional release

worship

17

absolutely necessary
absolute rights
administrative practice

administrative
detention
administrative
proceedings
alternative civil service

(


)

civilian substitute
service

substitute service
appellant
court of appeal
appeal on a point of
law

reasoning
arrest

bankruptcy

refugee

impunity

security of person

prompt trial

prompt judicial control

free assistance of an
interpreter

free legal assistance

peaceful enjoyment of
possessions

impartiality of a judge

impartial tribunal
inhuman punishment
inhuman treatment

heavier penalty

speediness of review

in the capacity of
absentia [in]
in accordance with law

18

rule of law
taken alone
the Government

: -

imputability
interference
domestic legislation

reunion of family

restitutio in integrum

service of a military
character
military service
members of armed
forces
take proceedings
remand

interim measure

provisional measure

()

time when the act or

omission committed

universal suffrage

join trade unions

restitution of property

elections by secret
ballot

redress

summon the witness

rendition

, indemnification,

reimbursement
reopen the proceedings

make financial award

deliver a judgment

()

(enforced)
disappearance

stand for election

expel

civil rights and

obligations
civil proceedings

age of criminal
responsibility

war or other public

emergency threatening
the life of the nation

educational supervision

guarantees to appear
for trial
publicity
civil service, public
service
national authority
public authority

gross violations
group of individuals

testify at trial
extensive
date of lodging of a
complaint
duty solicitor
in force
case

democratic society

demonstration
diplomatic assurances

19

discrimination
defamation
length of pre-trial
detention

: -

length of civil/criminal

proceedings
/

(
)

length of detention on
remand

continuing situation
power of attorney
psychiatric evidence

documentary evidence

supplementary opinion
interrogation

examination of
witnesses

adequate time

access to information
access to relevant files

/,

proof beyond
reasonable doubt

/
/

access to court
accessibility
mental anguish/
suffering

unanimously

uniform law

life
life of the community
life of the nation

/

/

complaint
victim
ill-treatment of
detainees/in custody

, ,

home

taking of property
,
apprehension

delays in payment of
compensation for

expropriation
/ remand in custody

lawfulness of
proceedings

lawful restrictions
lawful order of a court
prohibition of abuse of

rights
-
prohibition of

nullum crimen sine

lege

(
)

prisoner
lawful arrest or
detention

legality of detention

statute-barred

intimidation
harassment

20

: -

protection of health
protection of private
life of the parties
protection of morals
protection of juveniles

protection of public
order
defence from unlawful
violence
protection of the rights
protection of the rights
and freedoms of others
defence through legal
assistance
protection of the
reputation of others

protection of property
defend in person
applicant
plea of inadmissibility

application for release

from detention

allegation

abuse of the right of
, petition


(
)

,
-

, ,

examine all the facts

arguing for or against
examine the second set
of proceedings
seizure of

, ;

claim

worship

manifest religion or

belief

possessions
individual application/
petition
individual
interests of society as a
whole
interests of justice
interests of members
information in
language understood
information on reasons
for arrest
information on nature
and cause of accusation
information on charge
action for damages

enforcement
proceeding

use of property

rectify the
shortcomings

examination of
circumstances

expiry of time-limit

lapse of time

exhaustion of domestic
remedies

exhaust domestic
remedies

competent legal
authority

competent court
particular
circumstances of the
case

cassation appeal

collective complaint

collective punishment

collective exercise of
freedom of expression

; compensation

21

: -

constitutional
proceedings
constitutionality
control of use of
property

monitoring of
prisoners
correspondence/
telecommunications/
telephones

confidentiality
admissibility criteria

persons of unsound
mind
members of a minority
group
licensing of
broadcasting, television
and cinema enterprises

, conscientious objector

asylum-seeker

private life

physical liberty and

security

deprivation of
possession

withdrawal of parental
rights

deprivation of liberty

deprivation of property

material damage

pecuniary damage
inter-State case
,
memorial

minimum level of
severity

minimum degree of
,
protection to which
citizens are entitled
/
under the rule of law in

a democratic society

peaceful assembly

friendly settlement

morals

moral damage

,
,

minority
measures similar to
expropriation
local needs and
conditions
residence

review of lawfulness of

detention

nulla poena sine lege

, ;

penalty

humiliating punishment

tax penalty
taxation

22

: -

imposition of fine

assault

violation
forced evacuation

pressing social need

brought promptly
before judge or other
officer authorised by
law to exercise judicial
power

nationalisation
national security

unreasonably long
()
(procedure)

national minority

national law
national origin

necessary in a
democratic society

genuine requirement
non-derogable rights

and freedoms

non-official summary

non-governmental

organisation

lack of promptness of

information
continued detention

national court
without prejudice to
the provisions of
Article
has not sufficient
means

negative obligation
regardless of frontiers
independent tribunal
illegal detention
unlawful detention

inadmissibility
inapplicability
lack of a public hearing

lack of diligence

minors
inability to secure

compliance with the

judgment

unfairness of

proceedings

liable under the

Convention
/
unidentified

perpetrator

unlawfulness
promptly
promptly informed
non-enforcement
non-exhaustion
non-exhaustion of
domestic remedies

non-pecuniary damage

ineffectiveness of
remedies
null and void

present-day conditions

secure the payment of

contributions or
penalties

charges

charged with criminal

offence
bill of indictment

23

: -

secure fulfilment of
obligation prescribed
by law

obtain attendance of
witnesses

reasonably necessary to

prevent fleeing

()
/

normal civic obligations

duties and
responsibilities

obligation of
performing military
service

obligation prescribed
by law

derogation in time of

war or other public

emergency

reasonably necessary to

prevent offence

reasonable suspicion
reasonableness of pretrial detention
retroactivity
retroactive application
of criminal/civil law
treatment
circumstances of the
case
general interest

restriction on freedom
of movement

limitations to protect
democratic society

limitations to protect
the rights of others

limited jurisdiction

restrictive
interpretation

grant legal aid

()

joint opinion

final domestic decision

common ground

Ombudsman

public safety

public opinion
public interest
public order
public

custody of children

justified by the public

interest in a democratic
society

acquittal at first
instance

justify the interference

determination

required by interests of
justice

arrest warrant

release pending trial

exemption from
exhaustion of domestic
remedies

waiver of the court fees

general principles of
international law
general principles of
law recognised by
civilised nations

objective and
reasonable justification

reasonable and
objective justification

24

: -

grounds relevant and

sufficient

public judgment

fundamental freedoms
fundamental values of a
democratic society

adjourn the case

(
)

particular level of
severity
dissenting opinion
special circumstances
conviction

directly imputable to
the local authorities
sick leave
delays in the
proceeding
absence of right to
compensation
absence of a public
hearing

exercise the jurisdiction

liability

separate set of
proceedings

refusal
denial of access to
lawyer

rejection of ones

application for release

conscientious objection

rejection of appeal
public hearing

lack of effective access

to a tribunal

//

lack of effective
remedy/investigation/
oral hearing

alienate
officer authorised by
law to exercise judicial
power

lodge an application

preparation of defence

information in detail

incitement to hatred

and hostility
positive obligations

political activity

disability pension

default interest

outweigh

negotiations
, allocate
, ,
transmit

referral to Grand

Chamber

political party

political rights

political or other

opinion

political asylum

members of police

police surgeon

power to overturn

decision of the court

rule of respect
receive and impart

information and ideas

transfer of the property

revision of an earlier

judgment

holding facility
periodic review of the

continuing lawfulness
of detention

pluralism in education
retrial

quell riot or

insurrection

25

: -

custody suite

freedom to impart
ideas

placement in custody
presidential pardon

after conviction

legal aid or assistance

legal obligation

living instrument

legitimate aim

legitimate purpose

practical and effective

protection

allowance
()
judgment
abduction

qualified rights

six-month period/rule
freedom to choose a
place of residence
right of access to
rights of defence
right to individual
application
right of petition to
freedom to manifest
religion
freedom of expression

preventive detention

preliminary objection/
investigation

pre-trial detention

limitation on use of

restrictions on rights

freedom of peaceful
assembly
freedom of association
freedom of movement

freedom of
correspondence

freedom of the press
freedom to receive

ideas
freedom to receive

information
freedom of religion
freedom of conscience

freedom of thought

margin of appreciation

prevent disorder

prevent unauthorised
entry into country

prevent escape

prevention of disorder

prevention of
spreading of infectious
diseases

prevention of crime

prescribed by law

presumed paternity

foreseeability

representative

provided by law

presumption in respect
of factors

right to liberty/security

presumption of
innocence

ne bis in idem/non bis

in idem principle
freedom of opinion

bringing before
competent authority

freedom to impart
information

bringing before
competent legal
authority

26

: -

hinder the exercise of

the right of petition

pursue
pursue a legitimate aim
press
juvenile delinquency

case-law

execution
double jeopardy

life sentence

reasonable time
proved guilty according
to law
admit (evidence)

()

adoption of a judgment

biased

award compensation/
damages

causal link

extend the detention

on remand

(
)

use of force/violence
applicability
applicable provisions
compulsory
compulsory labour
forced labour
coercion
(administrative)
ruling on an equitable
basis

effect lawful arrest

arbitrariness

originate

proportionate to the
legitimate aim pursued

proportionality

procedure prescribed
by law

outstanding interest

procedural defect

procedural guarantees
of review

other status

torture

torture in police
custody

permit for a
demonstration

reasonable relationship
of proportionality

reasonable intervals

work required of
detainee

,
work required to be

done during
conditional release

()

slavery
servitude

scope of court review

/

equality before the law

equality of arms

27

racial discrimination

order release

dissemination

(/
)

examination of the
appeal

-




,
;

: -

conduct of the
proceeding
trial within a
reasonable time
costs and expenses
child born out of
wedlock

; ;

/
custody record

(,

..)

parental authority
dissolution (of an
association, political
party, etc.)

religious practice
religious instructions
religious community

parents religious and

philosophical
convictions
religion
reputation
admissible/ility/
decision
decision

self-defence

found a family

arbitrary action

form/join trade unions

arbitrary deprivation of
liberty

compatibility with the

Convention

,
/

arbitrary arrest/
detention

relevant domestic
practice

prompt and detailed

information

adequate facilities

witness

relevant domestic law

liberty of person

liberty of movement

comparable situation

free elections

()

composition

family life

; ,
,

constitute

scheme for free legal

aid

adversarial trial /
adversarial hearing

,

/

service exacted in case

of emergency

oral hearing

maintaining the
authority and
impartiality of the
judiciary

change religion or
belief

social security

capital punishment,
death penalty

social origin

dispute

observance

equitable basis

property

just satisfaction

commit an offence

fair hearing

concurring opinion

fairness of proceedings

(
)

detention on remand

media

28

: -
, ,

expulsion

,
extent strictly required
by situation

/

,

,

strictly necessary
strictly proportionate
Court holds
tribunal established by
law
binding judgment

enforceable judicial
decision

judicial authorities

judgments are
essentially declaratory

in nature

judicial review

review by a court

bailiff

judicial officer

forensic expert

ordinary courts

judge or other officer

exercising judicial
power

prima facie

merits of the complaint

merits of individual
application/inter-state
application

,
;

arguable claim

third party
imprisonment

secrecy of
correspondence
secret ballot
secret surveillance
physical punishment
physical suffering
territorial integrity

convincingly
demonstrate

respect for home

respect for

correspondence

respect for private life

respect for parents

religious convictions
respect for family life

respect for parents

philosophical
convictions

notification

notification of a

derogation

dismissal from civil
, service/of appeal on
points of law

29

dismissal

criminal charge

criminal offence

criminal proceedings

threat to applicants life

threat to the life of the

nation

()

exclusion of press

()

exclusion of public

: -

grant applicants claim

diligence

narrow interpretation
derogation

condition of detention

conditional release

,
,

determine

moderate physical
punishment
degrading punishment

degrading treatment

destruction of
possessions and home
representative of the
Russian Federation at
the European Court of
Human Rights
level of jurisdiction

;
disclosure of identity

established by law

oral submission

surrender

loss of property

plot of land

vulnerability

wording

nature of punishment

excessive length of
proceedings
feeling of fear, anguish
and inferiority

extraterritorial
jurisdiction

effective access to a
court
physical integrity

nature of interference

aim
values of a democratic
society

derogable rights and

freedoms
members of
administration
public emergency, time
of emergency

expropriation

30

: -

extradition
effective domestic
remedy

()

effectiveness of
investigation into
(murder)

jurisprudence
lawyer

effective remedy

respondent states
jurisdiction and
responsibility

manifestly ill-founded
language which an
accused understands

31

100

95

75

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25