‫א‪W‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬

‫‪Fonctions Exponentielles :‬‬ ‫‪ .I‬اﻟﺪوال اﻷﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺮﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ ln‬داﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪ . ⎤⎦ 0, +‬إذن ‪ ln‬ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬

‫⎣⎡ ∞‪ ⎤⎦ 0, +‬ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل \ = ⎣⎡ ∞‪. J = ⎤ lim+ ln x , lim ln x ⎡ = ⎤⎦ −∞, +‬‬

‫‪⎥⎦ x →0‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫⎣⎢‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ ln‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺮﻳﺔ وﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ ، exp‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫→ \ ‪exp :‬‬ ‫⎣⎡ ∞‪⎤⎦ 0, +‬‬

‫و‬ ‫‪exp = ln −1‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫) ‪6 exp ( x ) = ln −1 ( x‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪exp = ln‬‬ ‫‪ exp 9‬داﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪) . ⎤⎦ 0, +‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ lim+ ln x = −∞ :‬و ∞‪ . lim ln x = +‬إذن ‪:‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬

‫∞‪lim exp ( x ) = +‬‬

‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫و‬ ‫‪lim exp ( x ) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪x →−‬‬

‫‪. ∀x ∈ \ : exp ( x ) > 0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ exp‬هﻲ ‪. R‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ , ∀y ∈ \ : ln x = y ⇔ x = exp ( y‬‬
‫‪ln (1) = 0 ⇒ exp ( 0 ) = 1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫‪ln (e ) = 1 ⇒ exp (1) = e‬‬

‫‪ln (e 2 ) = 2 ⇒ exp ( 2 ) = e 2‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫_∈ ‪r‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫`∈ ‪n‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪y‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪x‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫) ‪exp ( x + y ) = exp ( x ) × exp ( y‬‬
‫) ‪exp ( x‬‬
‫= ) ‪exp ( x − y‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫= ) ‪exp ( −x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪exp ( y‬‬ ‫) ‪exp ( x‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫) ) ‪exp ( nx ) = ( exp ( x‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫) ‪exp ( rx ) = exp ( x‬‬ ‫و‬

‫ﺑﺮهﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫و ‪. b >0‬‬ ‫‪a >0‬‬ ‫‪ y = ln b‬و‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪ .‬إذن ‪ x = ln (a ) :‬و‬ ‫) ‪b = exp ( y‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫) ‪a = exp ( x‬‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ . ab = exp ( x + y‬أي ‪:‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ ln ab = ln (a ) + ln b = x + y :‬و ‪ . ab > 0‬إذن ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪exp ( x + y ) = exp ( x ) × exp ( y‬‬
‫‪ .5‬آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ل ) ‪: exp ( x‬‬
‫‪ . ∀r ∈ _ :‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻤﺪد هﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪: R‬‬ ‫‪exp ( r ) = e r‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ . ∀r ∈ _ : ln e r = r :‬إذن ‪:‬‬

‫‪∀x ∈ \ : exp ( x ) = e x‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-1-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬
 : ‫ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬.6
lim e x = 0 ;
x →−∞
lim e x = +∞
x →+∞
(i

∀x ∈ ⎤⎥0, +∞ ⎡⎢ ; ∀y ∈\ : ln ( x ) = y ⇔ x = e y (ii
⎦ ⎣
∀x ∈ \ ; ∀y ∈ \ ; ∀r ∈ _ : (iii
e −x = 1x ; e x + y = e x e y
e
e rx = (e x ) ; e x − y = e y
r x
e
: ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ (iv
exp : \ → ⎤ 0, +∞ ⎡
⎦ ⎣
x 6 exp ( x ) = e x

: ‫ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت هﺎﻣﺔ‬.7
e −1x
e x
lim =1 lim xe x = 0
x →−∞
; lim
x →+∞
= +∞
x →0 x x
: ‫ﺑﺮهﺎن‬
x
e t 1
. lim = lim = lim
t →+∞ ln (t ) t →+∞ ln (t )
= +∞ : ‫ إذن‬. t → +∞ : ‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬. t = e x ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
x →+∞ x x →+∞

t
. lim xe x = lim t ln (t ) = −∞ : ‫ إذن‬. t → 0+ : ‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x →−∞ t → 0+ x →−∞
e −1x
t −1 1
. lim = lim
t →1 ln (t )
= lim
t →1 ln (t )
= 1 : ‫ إذن‬. t → 1 : ‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x →0 x x →0

t −1
: ‫ أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
x
e
C = xlim
→+∞
; B = xlim
→−∞
x 3e x ; A = xlim
→−∞
x 2e x
x2
⎛ 1 ⎞
F = xlim xe 2x
; E = xlim x ⎜ e x − 1⎟ ; D = lim x e − x
→−∞ →∞ ⎜ ⎟ x →+∞
⎝ ⎠
: ‫ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺎت‬.8
: 1 ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
∀x ∈ \ : ln (e x ) = x
∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ : e ( ) = x
ln x

: 2 ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
∀x ∈ \ : e >0
x

∀x ∈ \ ; ∀y ∈ \ :
ex =e y ⇔ x = y
ex <e y ⇔ x < y
ex ≤e y ⇔ x ≤ y

14 ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ -2- ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪(E ) :‬‬ ‫‪e x − 5 + 6e −x = 0‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ \ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪(I ) :‬‬ ‫‪e x − 5 + 6e −x > 0‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ \ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﺤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻧﻀﺮب ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬ﻓﻲ ‪ e‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫⇔ ) ‪(E‬‬ ‫) ‪(e x‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪− 5e x + 6 = 0‬‬
‫‪⇔ t 2 − 5t + 6 = 0 / t = e x‬‬
‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ . ∆ = 1 :‬إذن ‪ t = 2 :‬أو ‪ . t = 3‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(E‬‬ ‫‪⇔ ex = 2‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫‪ex =3‬‬
‫) ‪⇔ x = ln ( 2‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)‪x = ln (3‬‬
‫{‬ ‫}‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪. S = ln ( 2 ) , ln ( 3) :‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(F‬‬ ‫⇔‬ ‫) ‪(e‬‬ ‫‪x 2‬‬
‫‪− 5e + 6 < 0‬‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫‪⇔ t 2 − 5t + 6 < 0 / t = e x‬‬

‫⇔‬ ‫‪2 <t < 3 / t =e x‬‬
‫⇔‬ ‫‪2 <ex < 3‬‬
‫) ‪(F‬‬ ‫⇔‬ ‫)‪ln ( 2 ) < x < ln ( 3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫⎣⎡ )‪S = ⎤⎦ ln ( 2 ) ,ln ( 3‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫‪Dérivée de la fonction Exponentielle :‬‬ ‫‪ .II‬ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ ‪: exp‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪. exp = ln −1 : \ 6 ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ :‬‬

‫‪ ln 9‬داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪. ⎤⎦ 0, +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. ∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ : ln ′ ( x ) = ≠ 0 9‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫إذن ‪ exp = ln −1 :‬داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪ ، ln ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ = \ :‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪. ∀x ∈ \ : exp ′ ( x ) = ln −1‬‬ ‫‪( )′ ( x ) = ln ′ ln1 ( x ) = 11‬‬ ‫) ‪= ln −1 ( x ) = exp ( x‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪) ln x‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪. ∀x ∈ \ :‬‬ ‫‪(e x ) ' = e x‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ exp‬داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ \ ‪ ،‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪∀x ∈ \ : (e x ) ' = e x‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-3-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ‪ exp‬وداﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ u‬داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ‪ . I‬إذن ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪u (x‬‬
‫‪ x 6 e‬داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪ ، I‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫) ( ‪∀x ∈ \ : ⎛⎜e ( ) ⎞⎟ ' = u ′ ( x ) ×e‬‬

‫‪u x‬‬ ‫‪u x‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬

‫‪( ) ' = (expDu )′ ( x ) = u ′ ( x ) ×exp ′ (u ( x )) = u ′ ( x ) × exp (u ( x )) = u ′ ( x ) ×e‬‬

‫‪. e‬‬
‫) ‪u (x‬‬ ‫) ‪u (x‬‬
‫ﻷن ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪∀x ∈ \ : (e − x ) ' = ( x )′ e − x = −e −x‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪∀x ∈ \ : e 2x ' = ( 2x )′ e 2x = 2e 2x‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪: exp‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪: exp‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪: exp‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-4-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪Fonction Exponentielle à base a :‬‬ ‫‪ .III‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺎس ‪: a‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ a > 0‬و ‪ . a ≠ 1‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ loga‬ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪ ⎤⎦ 0, +‬ﻧﺤﻮ \ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ loga‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺎس ‪ ، a‬وﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ expa‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫→ \ ‪expa = loga −1 :‬‬ ‫⎡ ∞‪⎤ 0, +‬‬
‫⎦‬ ‫⎣‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫) ‪6 expa ( x ) = loga −1 ( x‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ ; ∀y ∈ \ :‬‬ ‫) ‪loga ( x ) = y ⇔ x = expa ( y‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪loga (1) = 0 ⇒ expa ( 0 ) = 1‬‬
‫‪loga (a ) = 1 ⇒ expa (1) = a‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪loga a 2 = 2 ⇒ expa ( 2 ) = a 2‬‬
‫‪ .3‬آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ل ) ‪: expa ( x‬‬
‫_ ∈ ‪. ∀r‬‬ ‫‪: expa ( r ) = a r‬‬ ‫‪ .‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ a > 0‬و ‪ . a ≠ 1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪∀r ∈ _ : loga (a r ) = r :‬‬
‫‪ .‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪∀x ∈ \ : expa ( x ) = a x‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻌﻤﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫→ \ ‪expa :‬‬ ‫⎡ ∞‪⎤ 0, +‬‬

‫⎥⎦‬ ‫⎢⎣‬
‫‪x 6 expa ( x ) = a x‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ a > 0‬و ‪a ≠1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫_∈ ‪r‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪y‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪x‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫) ‪expa ( x + y ) = expa ( x ) × expa ( y‬‬
‫) ‪expa ( x‬‬
‫= ) ‪expa ( x − y‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫= ) ‪expa ( −x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪expa ( y‬‬ ‫) ‪expa ( x‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫) ‪expa ( rx ) = expa ( x‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫_∈ ‪r‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪y‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫\∈ ‪x‬‬ ‫و ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪a>0‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫( = ‪a rx‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ax‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫‪1x = 1‬‬ ‫‪; ax + y = ax ×a y‬‬

‫) ‪a xy = (a x‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫; ‪; ax −y = a y‬‬ ‫‪a −x = 1x‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-5-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 . β = expa ( y ) α = expa ( x ) : ‫ ﻧﻀﻊ‬: ‫ﺑﺮهﺎن‬
‫و‬
. β >0 ‫و‬ α >0 ‫و‬ y = loga ( β ) ‫ و‬x = loga (α ) : ‫إذن‬
. αβ > 0 ‫و‬ loga (αβ ) = loga (α ) + loga ( β ) = x + y : ‫وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن‬
... expa ( x + y ) = αβ = expa ( x ) expa ( y ) : ‫إذن‬

∀x ∈ ⎤⎥⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎢⎣ ; ∀y ∈ \ : loga ( x ) = y ⇔ x = a y : ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﺼﻴﺮ‬

3x = 2 ⇔ x = log3 ( 2) = ln 2 : ‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

ln3
3 = 2 ⇔ ln (3 ) = ln ( 2)
x x

⇔ x ln (3) = ln ( 2)
: ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬
⇔ x = ln 2
ln3
3x = 2 ⇔ x = log3 ( 2)
: expa ( x ) ‫ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ل‬.5
: ‫ إذن‬. y = expa ( x ) : ‫ ﻧﻀﻊ‬. x ∈\ ‫ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬. a ≠ 1 ‫ و‬a > 0 ‫ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬-‫أ‬
y = expa ( x ) ⇔ x = loga ( y )

⇔ x = ln y
ln a
⇔ x ln a = ln y
y = expa ( x ) ⇔ y = e x lna
∀x ∈ \ : expa ( x ) = a x = e x lna : ‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬، a ≠ 1 ‫ و‬a > 0 ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬: 1 ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
. 3 5 =e 5ln3 : ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ : ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
∀x ∈ \ : a x = e x lna : ‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬، a > 0 ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬: 2 ‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬-‫ب‬
. a = 1 ‫ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬1‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻩ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
: a ≠ 1 ‫ و‬a > 0 ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬expa ( x ) ‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬.6
′
( )
expa′ ( x ) = e x ln a = ( x ln a )′ e x ln a = ( ln a )e x ln a = ( ln a ) expa ( x ) : ‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬، x ∈ \ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬

∀x ∈ \ : expa′ ( x ) = ln (a ) expa ( x ) : 1 ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬

∀x ∈ \ : (a x )′ = ln (a ) × a x : 2 ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬

. ∀x ∈ \ : ( 2x )′ = (ln 2) × 2x > 0 : ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ : ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

14 ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ -6- ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪ .IV‬ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ رﻗﻢ ‪: 1‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ f‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪x‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪⎪ f ( x ) = x −1 e −1 ; x < 1‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫⎨‬
‫⎪‬ ‫) ‪ln ( x‬‬
‫⎩⎪‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪; x ≥1‬‬
‫‪ lim‬و ) ‪. lim f ( x‬‬ ‫) ‪f (x‬‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫‪ .1‬أ‪-‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →−‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺑﻴﻦ أن ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ‪ -‬أدرس ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق ‪ f‬ﻓﻲ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪x − 2 x 1−1‬‬
‫‪. ∀x‬‬ ‫= ) ‪: f ′(x‬‬
‫⎣⎡‪∈ ⎤⎦ −∞,1‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ أن‬ ‫ب‪-‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أن ‪ f‬ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪. ⎤⎦1, +‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‪-‬‬
‫أﻋﻁ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬ ‫د‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ ( D ) : y = x −1‬ﻣﻘﺎرب ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﺑﺠﻮار ∞‪ ، +‬ﺛﻢ أدرس‬ ‫‪ .3‬أ‪-‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪( D‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪lim f ( x ) − x = 0‬‬
‫∞‪x →−‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺑﻴﻦ أن ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪( Cf‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫( ∞‪→−‬‬
‫)‪x −1‬‬
‫‪ln x‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪lim f ( x ) = xlim‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬
‫‪x −1 −‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪lim f ( x ) = xlim‬‬
‫∞‪x →−‬‬
‫‪e −1‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬أ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪: 1‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬دراﺳﺔ اﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪= 0 = f (1‬‬
‫‪ln x‬‬
‫‪lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ x −1−‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪ ، lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x −1) e −1 = lim × e t = 0 = f (1‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪.t‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫∞‪→−‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫إذن ‪ . lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1) :‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪: 1‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬أ‪ -‬دراﺳﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬

‫)‪f ( x ) − f (1‬‬ ‫‪x −1 − ln x‬‬

‫‪ . lim+‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪= lim+‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪x = lim 1 − ln x × 1 = 1 −1 = 0 :‬‬
‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫→‬‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x →1+‬‬ ‫‪x −1 x‬‬
‫‪ f‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪ 1‬و ‪ . f d′ (1) = 0‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل ‪ 1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎس أﻓﻘﻲ ) ‪(T d‬‬
‫‪⎧y‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪⎧y‬‬ ‫)‪= f d′ (1)( x −1) + f (1‬‬
‫) ‪(T d‬‬ ‫⎪‬
‫⎨ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩x‬‬ ‫‪≥1‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫⎨ ‪ .‬أي ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩x‬‬ ‫‪≥1‬‬

‫)‪f ( x ) − f (1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫=‪t‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ lim−‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪= lim−‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪x −1)e x −1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= lim− e −1 = t lim‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪e t = 0 :‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫∞‪→−‬‬

‫إذن‪ f :‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ ‪ 1‬و ‪ . f g′ (1) = 0‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-7-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل ‪ 1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎس أﻓﻘﻲ ) ‪(T g‬‬
‫‪⎧y‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪⎧y‬‬ ‫)‪= f g′ (1)( x −1) + f (1‬‬
‫) ‪(T g‬‬ ‫⎪‬
‫⎨ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩x‬‬ ‫‪≤1‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫⎨ ‪ .‬أي ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩x‬‬ ‫‪≤1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪f ′ (1) = 0‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ ‪ 1‬و‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن‬ ‫‪f g′ (1) = f d′ (1) = 0‬‬ ‫وﺑﻤﺎ أن‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل ‪ 1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻣﻤﺎس أﻓﻘﻲ ) ‪(T‬‬
‫‪(T ) :‬‬ ‫‪y =0‬‬ ‫)‪ . y = f ′ (1)( x −1) + f (1‬أي ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎣⎡‪x ∈ ⎤⎦ −∞,1‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬

‫⎛‬ ‫‪1 ⎞′‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1 ⎞′‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1 ⎞′ 1‬‬

‫‪′‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪f ′(x‬‬ ‫⎜=‬
‫⎜‬ ‫)‪( x −1‬‬ ‫⎟ ‪e x −1‬‬
‫⎟‬
‫‪= ( x −1) e + ( x −1) e‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎜‬
‫⎜‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎜⎜ )‪= e + ( x −1‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪⎟ e x −1‬‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎠‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎤‬
‫⎥ ⎟⎞ ‪′‬‬
‫⎢ ‪1‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫⎥ ) (‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= e −1 ⎢⎢1+‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫)‪( x −1‬‬ ‫‪⎜−‬‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎥⎟ ‪2‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫⎣⎢‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎝‬
‫)‪( x −1‬‬ ‫⎥⎟‬
‫⎦⎥ ⎠‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎤ ‪1‬‬
‫‪= e −1 1−‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦⎥‪x − 1‬‬
‫‪⎛x‬‬ ‫‪− 2 ⎞ x 1−1‬‬
‫⎜⎜ = ) ‪f ′ ( x‬‬ ‫‪⎟⎟ e‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ⎣⎡ ∞‪x ∈ ⎤⎦1, +‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‪-‬‬

‫⎛‬ ‫‪ln x ⎞′‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪ln x )′ x − ( ln x ) x ′‬‬

‫) ‪f ′(x‬‬ ‫‪= ⎜⎜ x‬‬
‫‪−1 −‬‬ ‫‪⎟ = 1− 0 −‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠⎟ ‪x‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬
‫‪1 × x − ln x‬‬
‫‪1 − ln x x 2 −1 + ln x‬‬
‫‪= 1− x‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬

‫= ) ‪f ′( x‬‬
‫‪( x −1)( x +1) + ln x‬‬
‫‪x2‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪f ′(x ) > 0‬‬ ‫‪ .‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x 2 >0‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪x −1 > 0‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪x +1 > 0‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪ln x > 0‬‬ ‫‪ .‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x >1‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪ f :‬ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪. ⎤⎦1, +‬‬
‫‪⎛ x − 2 ⎞ x 1−1‬‬
‫⎜⎜ = ) ‪، f ′ ( x‬‬ ‫‪⎟⎟ e‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ⎣⎡‪ . x ∈ ⎤⎦ −∞,1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪⎧⎪x −1 > 0‬‬ ‫‪x −2‬‬
‫⎨ ⇒ ‪ x < 1‬و ‪، e x −1 > 0‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪> 0‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩x − 2 < −1 < 0‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ‪ . ∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ −∞,1⎡⎣ : f ′ ( x ) > 0 :‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪ f‬ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡‪. ⎤⎦ −∞,1‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-8-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬

‫‪ . xlim‬إذن ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ ) ‪( D‬‬ ‫‪f ( x ) − ( x −1) = xlim‬‬

‫‪ln x‬‬
‫ﺑﺠﻮار‬
‫∞‪→+‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬أ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫∞‪ +‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ ‪y = x −1‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( Cf‬واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪( D‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ . f‬إذن ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ) ‪( D‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ⎣⎡ ∞‪ . x ∈ ⎤⎦1, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪( x ) − ( x −1) = − lnxx < 0 :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪. ⎤⎦1, +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⎞ ‪et ⎛1‬‬
‫( ∞‪→+‬‬
‫‪lim f ( x ) − x = xlim‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫‪x −1)e x −1 − x‬‬ ‫⎟⎟‪= lim − ⎜⎜ + 1‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪t →0 t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪e t −1‬‬
‫‪= lim‬‬ ‫‪−1 = 1 −1 = 0‬‬
‫‪t →0 t‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫→ ‪tx‬‬ ‫= ‪ t‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪0‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫∞‪→+‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮار‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرب ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪( Cf‬‬ ‫‪y =x‬‬ ‫ذو اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ∆ (‬
‫‪ .4‬إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪: ( Cf‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-9-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ رﻗﻢ ‪: 2‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ f‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⎟ ‪⎪f ( x ) = ⎜1 +‬‬
‫⎪‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪; x ≠0‬‬
‫⎨‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠⎟ ‪x‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫⎩⎪‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪f 0 =1‬‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪g‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫‪1⎞ 1‬‬
‫‪g ( x ) = ln ⎜⎜1+‬‬ ‫‪⎟−‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪x ⎟⎠ x + 1‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺪد ‪ Dg‬ﺣﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. g‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت ‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات ‪. Dg‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺣﺪد ) ‪ g ′ ( x‬ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ، Dg‬ﺛﻢ أﻋﻁ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪g‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪. ∀x ∈Dg : g ( x ) > 0 :‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺪد ‪ Df‬ﺣﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات ‪ ، Df‬وأول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬أﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬
‫‪ .3‬أدرس اﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪.0‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أدرس ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪ ، 0‬وأول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ‪.0‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺣﺪد ) ‪ f ′ ( x‬ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ }‪ ، Df − {0‬ﺛﻢ أﻋﻁ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪( Cf‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪:‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎫‬
‫‪Dg‬‬ ‫⎬‪= ⎨x ∈ \ / 1 + > 0 ë x ≠ 0‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺣﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪g‬‬
‫⎩‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎭‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪. Dg = ⎤⎦ −∞, −1⎡⎣ ∪ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ :‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات ‪: Dg‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. lim g ( x ) = lim ln ⎜1 + ⎟ −‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪= ln1 − 0 = 0 :‬‬
‫∞‪x →±‬‬ ‫∞‪x →±‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪x ⎠ x +1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫‪1⎞ 1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪lim 1 +‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬ ‫‪ . lim g ( x ) = lim ln ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ −‬ﻷن ‪:‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪= +∞ − 1 = +∞ :‬‬
‫‪x →0+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0+‬‬ ‫⎝ ‪x →0+‬‬ ‫‪x ⎠ x +1‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪- 10 -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪x +1‬‬
‫و‪:‬‬ ‫= ‪x +1‬‬ ‫= ‪+1‬‬ ‫= ‪ . x‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ . t = 1 +‬إذن ‪ t → 0−+ :‬و‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫‪t −1‬‬ ‫‪t −1‬‬ ‫)‪t −1 x →(1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫‪1⎞ 1‬‬ ‫‪t −1‬‬ ‫‪t ln t − t + 1‬‬
‫= ) ‪lim − g ( x‬‬ ‫‪lim − ln ⎜⎜1 +‬‬ ‫‪⎟⎟ −‬‬ ‫‪= lim+ ln t −‬‬ ‫‪= lim+‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫⎟⎞‪x →⎛⎜ −1‬‬ ‫⎟⎞‪x →⎛⎜ −1‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫‪x ⎠ x + 1 t →0‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t →0‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ، Dg‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪x‬‬

‫⎛‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎛ ‪⎞′‬‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎜ ⎟ ‪1+‬‬
‫‪( x +1)′ ⎟⎟ = − x 2 + 1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⎛ ⎛‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫⎜ ‪⎞′‬‬ ‫⎠‪x‬‬
‫) ‪g ′( x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= ⎜⎜ ln ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ −‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ⎟‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫‪−⎜−‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪( x +1) ⎟⎟⎠ x x+1 ( x +1‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⎝ ⎝‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫‪1+‬‬ ‫⎜‬
‫⎜‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎝‬

‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪1 + 1 = − ( x +1) + x‬‬

‫‪x ( x +1) x +1 2 x ( x +1)2‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫= ) ‪g ′( x‬‬
‫)‪x ( x + 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Dg‬هﻲ إﺷﺎرة ) ‪( −x‬‬ ‫) ‪g ′(x‬‬ ‫إﺷﺎرة‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡‪ . ⎤⎦ −∞, −1‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪g :‬‬
‫⎤‬ ‫⎡‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫⎦‬ ‫⎣‬ ‫)‬
‫⎡ ∞‪⎤ −∞, −1⎡ = ⎥ lim g ( x ) , lim g ( x ) ⎢ = ⎤ 0, +‬‬
‫∞‪⎥ x →−‬‬ ‫)‪x →( −1‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫⎦ ⎢‬ ‫⎣‬
‫⎦‬ ‫⎣‬
‫‪ g‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎡ ∞‪ . ⎤⎦ 0, +‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪g ⎤⎦ 0, +∞1⎡⎣ = ⎤⎥ xlim‬‬
‫∞‪⎦ →+‬‬
‫‪g‬‬‫)‬‫(‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x →0+‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫⎤ ⎡‬
‫⎣ ∞‪⎢⎣ = ⎦ 0, +‬‬
‫⎡‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪∀x ∈ ⎤⎦ −∞, −1⎡⎣ ∪ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ : g ( x ) > 0‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫⎫‬
‫‪Df = ⎪⎨x ∈ \ / 1 +‬‬ ‫}‪> 0 ë x ≠ 0⎪⎬ ∪ {0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺣﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
‫⎩⎪‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎭⎪‬
‫}‪= ⎤⎦ −∞, −1⎡⎣ ∪ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ ∪ {0‬‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫⎣⎡ ∞‪= ⎤⎦ −∞, −1⎡⎣ ∪ ⎡⎣0, +‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪- 11 -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬
 ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪Df‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎛‬
‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ 1‬‬
‫⎞‬ ‫) ‪ln (1+t‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬
‫‪lim g ( x‬‬ ‫‪) = xlim‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= xlim‬‬ ‫‪= lime t‬‬ ‫‪=e‬‬
‫⎠‪x‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫⎜‬‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫⎝‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫∞‪x →±‬‬ ‫⎜ ∞‪→±‬‬ ‫⎠⎟ ‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪→±‬‬ ‫‪t →0‬‬
‫⎝‬
‫→ ‪ . tx‬إذن ) ‪ ( Cf‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎ أﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺠﻮار ∞‪±‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪y =e‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ‬ ‫= ‪ ، t‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪0‬‬
‫∞‪→±‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫∞‪lim+ ln t = −‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪lim − 1 +‬‬ ‫‪= 0+‬‬ ‫ﻷن ‪:‬‬ ‫∞‪t → +‬‬ ‫‪ ، t = x ln ⎜⎜1 +‬ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫وﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫‪t →0‬‬ ‫)‪x →( −1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫)‪x →( −1‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠⎟ ‪x‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬
‫‪lim − g ( x ) = lim − ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ = lim − e‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫∞‪= lim e t = +‬‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬
‫)‪x →( −1‬‬ ‫)‪x →( −1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎝‬‫)‪x →( −1‬‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫∞‪t →+‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪x = −1‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻩ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن ) ‪( Cf‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪. 0‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬دراﺳﺔ اﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻩ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬ ‫∞‪t → +‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫= ‪ . t‬إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x ln 1+ x1‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫‪lim f ( x‬‬ ‫‪) = xlim‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎜ ‪+‬‬
‫⎟⎟ ‪1 +‬‬ ‫‪= lim e‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪x →0 +‬‬ ‫‪→0‬‬ ‫⎠‪x‬‬ ‫‪x → 0+‬‬
‫⎝‬
‫⎞⎞‪⎛ ⎛ 1‬‬
‫⎟ ⎟ ‪ln ⎜ t ⎜1+‬‬
‫) ‪ln (1+t‬‬ ‫⎠⎠ ‪⎝ ⎝ t‬‬
‫‪= lim e‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪= lim e‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫∞‪t →+‬‬ ‫∞‪t →+‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎟ ‪ln t + ln ⎜1+‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝ t‬‬
‫‪ln t 1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫⎟⎟ ‪ln ⎜⎜1+1‬‬
‫‪t t‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫⎠⎟ ‪t‬‬
‫‪= lim e‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪lim e‬‬ ‫⎝‬
‫= ‪=e0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫∞‪t →+‬‬ ‫∞‪t →+‬‬
‫) ‪lim f ( x ) = 1 = f ( 0‬‬
‫‪x →0 +‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪.0‬‬
‫‪ .4‬دارﺳﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪: 0‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬ ‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬
‫)‪f ( x ) − f ( 0‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎝‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎠‬
‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎝‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎠‬
‫‪−1‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim+‬‬ ‫‪= lim+‬‬ ‫⎟ ‪× ln ⎜1 +‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x →0+‬‬ ‫‪x −0‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠ ‪x‬‬
‫⎟ ‪x ln ⎜1 +‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ x‬‬

‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ . t = x ln ⎜ 1 + ⎟ :‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪: t → +0 :‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ x‬‬

‫⎛‬‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫) ‪ln (1 + u‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪ln u 1 ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪( lim+ t‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬
‫‪= xlim‬‬
‫‪→0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪x ln ⎜1 + ⎟ = ulim‬‬
‫∞‪→+‬‬
‫‪= ulim‬‬
‫‪→+∞ u‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ln‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫) ﺑﻮﺿﻊ = ‪، u‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‪x‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪u ⎝u‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬
‫‪ ، lim+‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪. lim+ ln ⎜1 + ⎟ = +∞ :‬‬
‫‪e ⎝ ⎠ − 1 = lim e t −1 = 1‬‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ x‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫‪t →0 t‬‬
‫⎟ ‪x ln ⎜1 +‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ x‬‬
‫)‪f ( x ) − f ( 0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪= 1× +∞ = +∞ :‬‬
‫‪x →0+‬‬ ‫‪x −0‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪ f‬ﻏﻲ رﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪. 0‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪- 12 -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎس رأﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل ‪ 0‬ﻣﻮﺟﻩ‬ ‫) ‪( Cf‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ هﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮا ﻣﻦ }‪ ، Df − {0‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪x‬‬

‫⎛‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞⎞‬

‫‪′‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⎟ ⎟⎟ ‪⎜ x ln ⎜⎜1+ x‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬

‫) ‪f ′(x‬‬ ‫⎟ ⎠ ⎝ ‪= ⎜e‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪′‬‬ ‫⎛‬
‫⎟‪1‬‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎟ ‪⎞ ⎞ x ln ⎜1+ x‬‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎛‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⎠ ⎝ ‪= ⎜ x ln ⎜⎜1+ ⎟⎟ ⎟ e‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎟⎠ ‪x‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎤‪′‬‬
‫⎛‬
‫⎟⎞ ‪1‬‬
‫⎠⎟ ‪1 ⎞ ⎞ ⎥ x ln ⎜⎝1+ x‬‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪1‬‬ ‫⎛ ⎛‬
‫‪= ⎢ x ′ ln ⎜1 + ⎟ + x ⎜⎜ ln ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎟⎟ ⎥ e‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‪x‬‬ ‫⎝ ⎝‬ ‫⎥ ⎠⎠ ‪x‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎤‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪⎞′‬‬
‫⎟⎟ ‪⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥ x ln ⎜⎜1+ 1‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎛ ⎢‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫⎥⎠‪x‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎟‪x‬‬
‫⎝ ‪= ⎢ln ⎜⎜1+ 1 ⎟⎟ + x‬‬
‫⎜‬

‫⎝ ⎢‬ ‫⎥‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫⎠‪x‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪1+ 1‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎥ ‪x‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎟⎞ ‪1 ⎤ x ln⎛⎜1+ 1‬‬
‫⎛ ⎢‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫⎥‪2‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫⎟⎟ ‪x‬‬
‫⎠ ⎝ ‪= ⎢ln ⎜⎜1+ 1 ⎟⎟ + x x ⎥ e‬‬
‫⎜‬

‫⎝ ⎢‬ ‫⎠‪x‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪x +1‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎦⎥ ‪x‬‬
‫⎣‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬
‫⎛ ⎡‬ ‫⎤‬ ‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln ⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬
‫⎥ ‪1⎞ 1‬‬
‫) ‪f ′(x‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫‪= ⎢ln ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ −‬‬ ‫⎠ ⎝ ‪e‬‬
‫⎝ ⎣⎢‬ ‫⎦⎥‪x ⎠ x + 1‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬

‫⎟⎟ ‪x ln⎜⎜1+ x1‬‬

‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬

‫‪f ′ ( x ) = g ( x )e‬‬ ‫⎜‬

‫⎝‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎠‬

‫‪. ∀x‬‬ ‫‪∈ ⎤⎦ −∞, −1⎡⎣ ∪ ⎤⎦ 0, +∞ ⎡⎣ : f ′ ( x ) > 0‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺴﺆال ‪ 4‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪f‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪- 13 -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬

 ‫‪:‬‬ ‫) ‪( Cf‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ إﻧﺸﺎء اﷲ‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪- 14 -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬