Properties Table Property Words Symbols Examples

Additive Identity

For any number a, the sum of a + 0 = a, 0 + a = a and 0 is a. a 5+0=5, 0+5=5 For any number a, the product of a and 1 is a.

Multiplicative Identity

a*1=a, 1*a=a

12*1=12, 1*12=12

Multiplicative Property For any number a, the of Zero product of a and 0 is 0. a*0=0, 0*a=0 For every number a/b , where a, b do not = 0, there is exactly on number b/a such a/b*b/a=1, that the product of a/b and Multiplicative Inverse b/a is 1. b/a*a/b=1

8*0=0, 0*8=0

2/3*3/2=6/6=1, 3/2*2/3=6/6=1

Reflexive

For any number a, 7=7, 2+3=2+3 Any quantity is equal to itself. a=a. If one quantity equals a second quantity, then the second quantity equals the first. If one quantity equals a second quantity and the second quantity equals a third quantity, then the first quantity equals the third For any numbers a and b, if a=b, then If 9=6+3, then b=a. 6+3=9. For any numbers a, b and c, if a=b and b=c, then a=c.

Symmetric

Transitive

If 5+7=8+4 and 8+4=12, then 5+7=12.

Substitution

A quantity may be substituted If a=b, then a may for its equal in any be replaced by b in If n=15, then any expression. 3n=3(15). expression.

Distributive Property

For any numbers a, b and c, a(b + c) = ab + ac and (b+c)a = ba + ca and a(b - c) = ab - ac and (b-c)a = ba - ca

3(2+5) = 3*2+3*5 3(7)=6+15 21=21

4(9-7)=4*9-4*7 4(2)=36-28 8=8

The order in which you add or multiply numbers does not Commutative Property change their sum or product. The way you group three or more numbers when adding or multiplying does not change their sum or product. Associative Property

For any numbers a and b, a + b = b + a and a*b=b*a. 5+6=6+5, 3*2=2*3 For any numbers a, b, and c, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (2+4)+6=2+(4+6), (3*5)*4=3*(5*4) and (ab)c=a(bc)