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1993 : |T w+> b\q ees+Z q&+~. +< sh |uT \ #=se b #s \T bs+u+
m\ || \ nu sT\ u~]+#&+ bs+u+ njsTT.
2010 p 2 : .C.jT+ +< sh |uT \ eT<
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1996 : +&j >s> < s+ |T w+> n$ b #s \T $q+ njsTT.
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2010 n>dT : ] | u+> |uT , .C.jT+
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ys @s&+~. | sh+ d+ |P]> V+k 2011 : yT u+> eTeT uq] HjT +
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|{ + |\ eT< T qT L&>{ + ~.
n+<THsTT. |+<+ ~]+~.
2008 yT-pH : +<\T, s\T, s& ~>+<+ , |uT 2011 p 18 : >s+& b< djT+b\q
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>dT 1`15, 2011

16

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>dT 1`15, 2011

q sjT+ d+

q|&T eTq e< s T e\+ s.10-15 < +


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# j \qT +f | u T + + + f + MT
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]e ed d+ _+ n+<s u eT\+ #*+ #*
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3) $X+K\ n$
n$ nH uj
T +s C& L& |q |s=q
n~s +BsD, $<, s>+, b~ H|D\
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bsTTH $d neX\# ||+ NsD H|<
q b\Hd+dsD\T be+ |] y
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||+ NsD H|< + eq ] d+dsD\T =
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>dT 1`15, 2011

18

q sjT+ d+

Xsy > + > e+<\ y\ sbjT\ n$


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essTT.
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d#+~. eTsy| qT =qT>\T<sT\T>
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<s sc =\>=f neX$T+~. n> u eTT\
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dV eqsT\T |<m Tq HjT, y{ $\Te nH
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# j \+f H | u T + V s + > y \ + b*
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>dT 1`15, 2011

q sjT+ d+

<<| 5\\eT+~ $<sT\ |E +sYyT+{


#jT y n+eT+~ jTTe <>, JeHb~
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ms\ ueTT* $#D~s n&+|T
|+#XsT.
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sc {> =qT>\T #d m >\T|q
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4) # < b\q =se&+


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19

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HjT\ e\ # < b\q HeTe+>H $T*+~.


<=s +& Hs\T #djTe#, y <=]H H\
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s nH d+d |\T+~. ns# + $d] k+~.
... |<] =qk+#+, q+ #
n~se+& +B]+#+, $X+K\ n$,
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1) \+>D n+X+
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>dT 1`15, 2011

20

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q*bsTT, mH @ > y d b T q \ +>D


|\... MT deTd ne* b++ysT sDeT
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@ b++, @ es+Z |\T <|& >Ts H n+<T
n & s j T Hj T \T, n~ s T | < q
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e\+ zTu+ s j \ nqT> T D+>
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T + rdTe+
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||+ L& b+\y> N*bsTT+~. deTdqT


HS eTTs>u{q b\ rsT| | H\=q
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q b++ | sc s+ <X+ <
yTT<{k ]. \+>D @sT {\+> e]+~.
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sw Xd q d u \ +>D n+X # ] +
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>dT 1`15, 2011

q sjT+ d+

|CkeT eed +&e.

2) ymdt sXKs s& VsqsD+


|<] s\q, n$ sV b\q, q+ #
n~ s + , H s j T + +& e\+
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sXKs s & b\q k>+ jTq m+ e> + >
\yTq HjT&H eTsDq+s+ k]> sw+
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n+X+, y\ sbjT\ nesq |CkeH
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sw |\ b* X|+> e]+~. de+ # q +
+& e\+ y] sTT\, eT<+ eTT
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e\ n+ >+<s> + H\=+~. y>+ > m~>+<T
n neX\ q|{ eed b\ e\
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d]#dT +{eT VMT #sT. ]q bsb
d ] ~< neX + +&H j T q V s T >
eTsD+ #sT.

qq sjT | ejT+, = n_e~


qeTHH esT
sc y q d+u+ H{q k+|<jT
21

d fyT

sjT b\ (k.s b\) _q+> qq


|ejT sj , |<] s*+, q+
# n~ s# = n_ e ~ qeTHqT
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k~+#T>\+.
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1) = sjT d+d
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VT<yTq ke- ] $<H\T, bsT\T
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b|~q = sjT d+d |yX|{*.
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rdTsy*.

2) q+ # n~s+
n~ s $ +B ] + | u T \qT,
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n~s+ e+ D eds+ > >T]+#*.
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>dT 1`15, 2011

22

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nsTT sc eTV sE eeV ]d T q


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>dT 1`15, 2011

24

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>dT 1`15, 2011

25

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>dT 1`15, 2011

26

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>dT 1`15, 2011
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28

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eTs| e\+ \yTq #+ eH sjT,
b\Heed* | q #jT +& n$ s~+#+
k<+< >TsT+#Ty\HsT. jTTe eTT+<T
~ * H e k< eTej T Hs T . b \ T,
sj\ nr+> n$| bs{ d<+
y\HsT. <|&, ysd sj \ n\yT|&
H\T n+<T |P] $sT<+> eeV]d jTTe
u$wTqT ~yTdTHsHsT. dT|+sT |<q

n++ #d n+<] m~> neX\Tq = sj


k~+# X Hu 71X+ q jTTe +<,
jTTe sj e = sj sY>
eT\#Ty\ C| |\T|#sT. <X r]~<+ <T
jTTe, sT\T, eTV\ d y~>
|j>|&TT+<HsT. CsD+ d+ jTTe,
b _\T| E 22q l+ n+u<sY
&{]jT+ $<sT\, jTTe sV+q
#sseT+ C| e{&T ... b eed
@sT neds, n$ n+ <+bT
rdTsy*q s #s * L& $e]+#sT. <X+
#T#dT q +u D\ eT\ sjT eed m
sDyT+< $e]+#sT. |\ &TqT, eqsT*

>dT 1`15, 2011

29

d fyT

HjTeTsT L& n$|sT \T Hs qT &


Vs+>+>H #bq >TsT#XsT. eTV>+B,
n+u< sY, V<sY Xd, dssY e\u jTY |f e+{
H\ T <X+ d+ sT | eT T+u\ d+
d+b~+#T<H sT. sj * |$ yd+>+>
H{ H\ T n+~+q $\Te* ] |w+ H\ T,
y |\\ #T+& |\ #T ]> =
s j ] j T Te rd T sy\Hs T .
jTTerjTTe\T eT J$* VsTT> >&T|H
deC # q + #d+<T eTT+<T sy\HsT.
n$|sT q sjT HjT* z&+#yT \ +>
|#j *. zT =q+&, eT<+ |+# +& ,
eT <s+> = sj ls+ #T{q |&
d e + n_ e ~ ~X > y + ~. =* zs T >
qy<e+bT K+> zT yd d+|<j
jTTe n\esTy*. <X+ u>T|&< T nH sXqT
M& jTTe eTT+<= u< rdTy*. H zT
MT< H T++, H u$ wT <s|& +< n+<s
> T ] + Cj T r| s T \qT mqTy* nHs T .
ne>Vq, #q+ jTTe = sjT+
b\T|+#Ty\HsT.

q sjT+ d+

n$| sJ bs+ #dT q d <Xy |+ >


$|y #{\T # +<T w #k+<HsT. de#s
V #+ e+, >eTksTT Hj\j\T
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|jT+ d b \eTHsT. <>\T,
V+dqT |+ bwd $<sT\ J$\ &T+Tq
sjT HjT\ qT jTTe ns+ #dT y\
ssT. sw+ $&bsTTH |<eyTMT s<, = sw+
eH n<TM s>e dw+#XsT. sjT
HjT\T eT |+ >&T|H+<T \+>D,
dyT +< n+ |\ eT< n><\T dwd T H sHsT.
d& + { |s Y HwH _*+>, jTTed, $<]d ,
d < s+ #|{ q s & n+& H{ +H
e< C| bs+_+#sT. s n+u< sY &{]jT+ esL
kq s *dq&#sT. d+<s + > n+u< sY
$>V , >+B |{ C| |P\e\\T yd y
\]+#sT. seT+ d sw s<] b|d s Y
&. $weT], l+ n<&T =
b*HjTT&T, n+u< sY $X$<\jT+ b|d s Y & .
s$esY, d H\ T |+#~ s+uT, _. >Bwt,
yJ, >X+s,Y jTTed n< &T T&TeTsT
dHdse, |<d + K $<sT\ T, jTTe bZHsT.

jTTe <s +, yX+ b+bs*


$jTq>s+ $<sT\ & jT| wt HsjTDY
jTTe $jTq>s+ q C| deyXe TjsT.
jTTe yT\T... n$ n&T |sT ksY, j,
y; d+d\ <s+ ]q seT+ C|
e{&T ...||+ # <X us< X q |wq T
\|+, sujT \+ usYqT n>s+>
r]~< + d + j T Te < s +, y X +
b+bs\ |\T|#sT. n$ n++ #d+<T
n+<s < \, n$| bs& y] <X+ |
u , >se+ +&\HsT. uw+ $<d+d $<sT\ T

>dT 1`15, 2011

|<] +q zT HT... +~seT +{ |sT <Ts


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d$ s+sY njTY CH , @d; Hds Y m+.$ >Dw ,t
d+|T de\T |.$ qsd+ VsE, j qsY jTT.m
qsd+V+, ksY n<\T |. uy, y._. sw
deTqjTs &. qsd+V+, yT o$XXsse,
mdt.d.V#Y. y+seTD, m+. sY eTVX\ ||
m+. s\ , d H\ T bZHsT.
30

d fyT

q sjT+ d+

|uT $<H nq< Xb\T


sT
s T \qT qf eTT+#TTq dm+

s T |+ TuT <s *+#b e+ nq<\


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eekj T e s { j s T \ T q| { y{
$j>+ rdTs+& s |<]dTH
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sw+ @&T y\ T KsT #dT H s, +<T 10X+
<T \qT eekjT es{ $T{\ eT[d s T \
m+ |j q+ #L sTT+< nHsT. |, $T]
|+\qT s <X\ m>TeTT\T w~+#+ s T \T
re+> qw b T Hs H s T . | ] d e]
eekj uk { #j \, $T>T\T Vs< H\qT,
Vs s |+\qT ||+ #+ m& &e+& +f
n& neTTH XX b|~q d#yD
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#XsT. +* s T d<d T |<m Tq s* eq s T \T
C| e{&{ b{ |&sT .

sT sT\T nH c\ dVJeq+
#dTHsHsT. {e\ |sq sT\qT
<T+{eT eTTKeT+ +{ T&T| e\T
#bs s T s&T, ue H\ XK n~ >V+
& jT|wt HsjTDY $s T \ nHsT.
#sT s T \T TuT <s qc\qT u] dTH s,
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sh |uT + w |s+ |+#Te# dT|+sT
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kq+ q s T &sTT ks| s T \ sj
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&sTT\| <s|&* ek+<HsT. b &sTT
se b , = &sTT @sT #j \ &e+& sjT<TsZ+
u T $<H nq< Xb\T
#ksT. deyX+ b n< &T jTesY, |
s T \T d+|T {y T |uT yT&\T e+TuT <s
s HjT\T bZHZ sT.
edT+ < d b n~H jT|wt HsjTDY
sT* <Te+ sw |uT+ |Ts+> nHsT. nq+ |f sqqT |uT\T _>>
$|\yT+~. \T<sT\ #{ neT\T #jT es\ #dTH jTHsT. nq+| s+ sjT<Ts+Z
b+~.
$ s T \ e{ & s T . & . V s V eT+& \ +
l+ eT<\e\d eT+&\+ u\e+, >=& X \ | * s T \ # s >w s V +#s T .
b+<sT eT+&\+ +* sT\qT<+ C| >=&X\|* d b sjT<TsZ+ jesZ
e{&T... sT\qT <Te+ sw|uT+ HjT\T uT n< q sV+q #s>w jTq
|T s+> $|\ yT+ <HsT. sw+ 1.20 eT+~ e{ & T ...sh+ eekj T +| < s | & q
s T \T+&> dTesT 60\\ eT+~ \Ts T \THs, T+u\T 1.80 T HjTHsT. |uT <>T\T
\T s T \ # { | u T + | P ] k s TT 9 \\ eT+~ HsHsT. <>T\ dyT+>
neT\T#jT b +< nHsT. |]XeT\ ssTTr\T +&&+ y] &e+&T |uT+ <w rdT[
* + | + <s T \ | u T \T n+& > |]w]+#T+THsHsT. sT\T L& dyT+>
\TdTH jTHsT. #eT{& sT>\+ w| & |+&+q +&\HsT. eekj uk {> esb ]

>dT 1`15, 2011

31

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eed |L\TT+<HsT. |dT + >eT s T \


ne>Vq *+#&+ d+ d b < s+
b\ nr+> 50 y\ eT+~ sT\ D
keTHsT. es{ ks + s T \T qwb THs
s T \T |{ H d+| \T @sT #dT |uT +|
& y\HsT. <eT, |, ysTXq> sT\T
jTs$Ts&, >+s&\ k>T, es{+> >T]+
jTq n& \TdTHsT. y<T \T kb ms
s\ es <jT+ edT+ <HsT. 3 qT+ 5 qT\
~>T& edT+ <HsT. es< s+ +< ysT Xq> k>T
#dT H eT, ms 12 k\T ~>T& edT+ <HsT.
|+ |& |T& | u+ s< ysT Xq> s T \T
q, eTs & C| <w rdT sT .
deyX+ sTd+|\ deK sh n<&T
>+><s, d HjT\T z+sY, l<sY,
sjT\=+&jT , eqs| , eTVd+|T + n< s\T

q sjT+ d+

dsd , sjT<Ts+Z \ HjT&T u ~sT \T


bZHsT.

V osY s\jT+ eTT+<T d <s


sjT<Ts+Z : sh |uT + sT|<\ d_& ds| s
#dTq eds edTe\ |+|D nded+> e]
nsT\ deT+> n+<&+< $wjT+
|uT + |P]> $|\ yT+ < sjT<Ts+Z d b
s|++~. yTs k \ n< \T uT,
s<] nT, ]jC, H>sEs&, wt ~sT \
n<s+ VosY s\jT+ eTT+<T <s
sV+#sT. d+<s + > HjT\T e{&T
s +&T H\\T> besTT ds| s #jT +& $~+
keq sT|<\ rs us+ ybs s|+#sT.
nq+s+ k &|P { V osT +HjT T\ $q
|+ n+~+#sT.

\\]| d sb\T
d b HjT\T nT usY, eTT]|P&
|k<, |MDY, >dt, #+{ C, d~ , y+fX sse,
$<] HjT\T |\T>TsT eTVwt, u+ uVjT,
ksTTs+, H>sE ~sT \T bZHsT.

yC deTdqT |]w]+#*

>y < s*<+


\\]| : eTT+usTT >y< <&T\
es+> d b, y&sH X\ $<sT\ T
* | ;s& T eTV >+B $> e T+ e<
=y=T\ X+ |<s q sV+#sT. d+<s + >
uqT|k< e{&T <X+ H\=q n$,
\+#>=+& H ds #dT = >y<T\T <X+
#=s&TTHs $eT]+#sT. >y<<&T\
eT#+~q y] X<+* |T {+#sT. seT+

>dT 1`15, 2011

32

\\]| : 10e ysT $<TY deTd\|


$<TYXK n~sT\qT d HjT\T k|\T
*d $q|+ deT]+#sT. |sE $<TY
n+sjT+ @s&TT+<, s <djT +| e<
q {Hbs+ +<T\T |&T THeT y] <w
rdT=#sT. \\ #T $<TY rdT=#sT. \\
#T $<TY ys T |e<s ksTT +< CsjT
y{ d]#j\ ssT. deTd| d+~+q
n~sT\T s +&T sE\ |]w]keT VMT #sT.
s e T+ d Hj T \T e<d T
uqT|k<, eTT]|P & |k<, X\ bT 10e
ysT y+>s & q>sY #+~q |\T bZHsT.
d fyT

q sjT+ d+

L{|* n_e~ se\T


| k L& n$ b\T +& #&+& ` C| $<sT\ T #dq |s <T yTs d b H\ T
k+|t yqsY |dsY <>Zs y[ nqT &T\T
rdT+T+&> b{\T eT]jTT M&j ]sY #d,
s < &|P { V osY ||ts & <w
rdTy>, nqT y+H &T\T ] |+
]q #s \T rdT+{eT yqs qY T V#]+#sT.
d+<s+> H\T e{&T n$ KyTq
<s\T +f 40150139 H+sY bH #jT e#HsT.
seT+ d H\T u+T k+_s&,
$.dHsjTD, y\> lydt, cse, dTswt
~sT \T bZHsT.

myT & jT|wt HsjTDY , yTjTsY +&


s& eT]jTT s=ssY eTT<+ q]+V se z
usTTH|* deTq>sY, eTD+s \, uy
q>sY 98 \\ |qT\qT bs+_+#sT. yTT<>
deT q>sY 48.4 \\ |qT\qT bs+_+, k
| |k L& n$ b\T +& #&\
nHsT.

| | <>sZ de#s +#+& ` C|


sE & C| .|.V#Y._. &$H s&T H+.
1 X &+ sYqT bs+_+#sT. s C|
.|V#Y._ eT&e |C V#Y.. 182 <>sZ
8.2 \ \ .V#Y . my T .d d d s& T | q T\qT,
.|.V#Y._ eT&e |C 8.45 \\ dd s&T
|qT\qT =$T<e |C myT.., 15.3 \\
dd s&T |qT\qT bs+_+#sT. s u>Yd+>
q>sY 6.33 \\ dd s&T |qT\qT bs+_+#sT.
| | <>Zs C| #TT|\ q k\
=]jT\T ={+#&yT +& ysT |
<>sZ T +& n$ s> +& #&\ nHsT. |
| ]> <>sZ >&|q |sTT+{ | d++~+
mdy T { $es\T m sE\ |qT\qT |P]
#j nH de#s +#\ & jT|wt
HsjTDY n~sT\qT <+#sT. seT+
&.d. s$ s$sDY, . syTwt >T|, &. l<sY,
@.. k+jT\T bZHsT. d H\ T m.$.
seTsE, lydH, u+T k+_s&, |+<sY s &,
u~H |k<, d HsjTD, ss&, lydt s &,
+HjT T\T, seTw, dTo, |eH, dTs wt, ysY $T{
yT+sT, k nkdjTwH yT+sT ~sT\T
bZHsT.

d e T+> neT\T de#s V


d b < s+ sE |uT s\jT+
de#s V #+ neT\TqT |]o*+#&y T +&
< > T ]+ n~ s T \ * j T C d , <
neT\T|s eT $q|\qT #sT. seT+
yTT<> myT.sY.z. |d t |]o*+#> n& ]sY
m& Hj d+# esTd |{ be&+,
eqTe b e& + , s L { | *
.|.V#Y._ q m\d { |d ,t ysY usY |d t
qT d+<]+ #+ 4(1)_ $es\ C& +#
be&+ >eT+#sT. s sY.{.@. |dtqT
d+<]+ n& L& 4(1) neT\T b> q
d{ H #ss Y | ys ||sT n+{+#&+ >eT+#sT.
seT+ d H\T $. dHsjTD,
y\> lydt, cse, dTs wt ~sT \T bZHsT.

jTTe b~
d b <s+ msTTsY =s p 26q
sV+q +s 62 eT+~ VsT>, M]
6>T] m+| #XsT.
d b s\jT+ sTds .{. k\wH
=s +s 72 eT+~ VsT> M] 10
eT+~ m+| #dq T d H u+T k+_s&
| q *bsT. 

<sT\ us+ |{q d


sE mes |d T <sT\T 300 qT+& 500
\ es &T rdT= < MsD |\T dTH s

>dT 1`15, 2011

33

d fyT

q sjT+ d+

sh+ $<] d se\T

eTT+usTT |\T |T q eT #+~q T+u\ d , d| , \T>T<X+ b\T d+|+ e+


#XsTT. d| s<] C.$.d HsjTD eT] e{&T jT|@ |uT ndeTs b\q e <X+
>y<T\ <&T\T HH{ |sT>TTHjT s|+#sT. seT+ d| bs Y &sY m.C.k*H, d|
dV jT s<] #\k s|T y+<se, q>s s<] eTsT| |& s E, dV jT s<] .d+HjT
bZHZ sT. d b qT+ d& + { $+> sh n< &T |. yJsE, H#sY |k<, s+X<s ,Y
Xs ~e, e, seT bZHsT. {&| +<q b <D j es+Z H#] ydT|* >Dw t esY,
JMm+| bs Y &sY |\ eTT\HjTT&T, |\TesT s=ssT, HjT\T bZHsT.

l+
|C d+e, |]b\qqT >*=~d sjT
|j H\ d+ |C |<T \T u< \T $d]d
sh+ d+u dwdTHs $<] d sh
n< &T |.yJ sE nHsT. k d +|
qT+ s sV+#sT. s jTTed sh
s<] |+#~ s+uT, n|\sE, d+wt esY,
_.>X+s,Y |.HjTT&T bZHsT.

qT+ @&Ts& d] es $<sT\ s #|{ sT .


nq+s+ n& eqeVs+> @s&sT . d+<s + >
yJsC e{&T <Xy |+ > s +&+{ *|
#+ #jT &+bT y{ $Xw n~s\T *+q|&
<X+ n$ n&T |&T T+<HsT. sjT\deT
q -]H sY es+s& l+Ys & seT+
$<]d n< &T qMH, |@d HjT\T dTeT+Y,
eT* eTVwt, ~sT \T bZHsT.

H\sT

yT<

b, jTT eed\ <X+ yTT #+


+&\ H\ 25e B qT+ $<] d < s+
d+\ dsD #jT qTqT $<] d sh n< &T
|.ysE *bsT. k d s\jT+
$<] d deyX+ ]+~. seT+
$<]d n< &T V]Xy, H\sT q>s, e*
n< \T #+<XK sY, # q ~sT \T bZHsT.

\yTq b dyT |C <eT+

&|
n$ es+> b bT jTTq T *|
<Xe T+ #{ neT\T #j \ sT ||
n>H d t s| H < s+ k d k+&T L&*

>dT 1`15, 2011

34

#+ <s <X b, sc jTT\ T,


k |uT \ +T&eTH\qT @sT #j \
+< |uT &e+& #d d~ | j esZ
|]~ |~y\|> d+\T d]keT d
b n<&T TeTq|* lydt nHsT.
seT#+<s& eT+&\ +< L& $]$> d+\
dsD #|& eT #bsT. deyX+ jTTed
jesZ qsY <X{ sE, eT+&\ qsY
\HsjTD, |<T\T j<], q]+Vs&
bZHsT. 
d fyT

>dT 1`15, 2011

35

q sjT+ d+

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>dT 1`15, 2011

36

q sjT+ d+

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