Heat Transfer Equation Sheet

Conduction: qx = - kA

2010

J. M. Hill

Convection: q = hA(Ts - T)
Radiation:

qr = AT4

Diffusion equations:
2

+ 2 +

+ =

( ) + 2 ( ) +

uniform properties, =

+ = Cylindrical coordinates

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Ohms Law Analogy,

Plane wall: , =

, , =

ln
( 21 )

Cylinder: , =

, , = 2

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Fins of uniform cross section: = T - T

M = (hPkAc)b

Infinite fin:
Adiabatic tip:

Active tip:

cosh
[ ()]
cosh
( )

( ) sinh [ ()]+cosh
[ ()]

( ) sinh ( )+cosh
( )

Prescribed tip:

All fins:

m2 = hP/kAc

Effectiveness,

= ()

( ) sinh ( )+sinh
[ ()]

sinh
( )

Efficiency, =

cosh ( )( )

sinh
( )

sinh ( )+( )cosh

( )

(
)+(
cosh
)sinh
( )

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Lumped Capacitance: Bi = hLc/k < 0.1

Fo = t/(Lc)2

= /

t =

Q = (1 - / )

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Semi-infinite solid:
imposed temperature:

= erf
(

2
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Finite difference methods:

+1

Explicit, 1-D unsteady:

Fo = t/(x)2 for stability

= Fo( +1 + 1 ) + (1 2Fo)

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Convection, Steady flow over a flat plate: Pr = Cp/k = /()

Laminar: = 5x Rex

-1/2

-1/2

Cf,x = 0.664 Rex

Mixed laminar and turbulent for Rex,c < Rex < 108:
Mixed laminar and turbulent with Rex,c = 5x105:

Rex = ux/

-1/2

, = 1.328 ReL

= 0.37x Rex

-1/5

Nux = hx/kf

Nux = 0.332 Rex1/2 Pr1/3

-1/5

Cf,x = 0.0592 Rex

-1/5

, = 0.074 ReL -1742/ ReL

Note: If the laminar region is small, the constants 1742 and 871 in the above equations become zero.

= 0.664 ReL1/2 Pr1/3

Nux = 0.0296 Rex4/5 Pr1/3

= (0.037Re L4/5 871)Pr1/3