BIO 304 Sections 004, 005, 006 Homework #10 (answers must be handwritten)

I. Define the following terms in your own words in complete sentences: snRNP alternative splicing non-redundant genetic code wobble position (tRNA) ribozyme degenerate genetic code polyribosome positive gene regulation inducible genes constitutive expression sigma factor coordinate regulation trans-acting factor anticodon amino-acyl tRNA synthetase protein domain ribosome decoding center chaperone protein negative gene regulation repressible genes cis-acting element catabolite activating protein (CAP)

II. Describe the major contributions of the scientists listed below to our understanding of the central dogma or the regulation of gene expression 1. George Beadle and Edward Tatum

2. Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod

III. Problems and short answer questions 1) In studies of the amino acid sequence of wild-type and mutant forms of tryptophan synthetase in E. Coli, the following changes have been observed:

Using the codon table on page 329 of your textbook, determine a set of triplet codes in which only a single nucleotide change produces each amino acid change.

2) Compare and contrast the process of transcription in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Be sure to discuss the cellular location of the process, as well as the initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription.

3) In your opinion, which of the four levels of protein structure is the most critical for a proteins function? Defend your choice, and include in your answer an explanation of each level of protein structure.

4) For the lac genotypes shown in the accompanying table, predict whether expression of the structural gene lacZ is constitutive, permanently repressed, or inducible in the presence of lactose. Genotype I+O+Z+ I-O+Z+ I+OCZ+ I-O+Z+/FI+ I+O+Z+/FO+ ISO+Z+ ISO+Z+/FI+ Constitutive Repressed Inducible X

5) Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it fine-tunes -galactosidase synthesis