CLASSIFICATION

The Science of Taxonomy

About 1.5 million kinds of living things

Taxonomy makes it easier to organize them

Based traditionally on similarities

Modern taxonomy uses evolutionary information comparative embryology comparative anatomy comparative biochemistry

Early Taxonomists
Aristotle 4th Century B.C. Classified animals as air, land, or water dwellers Theoprastus 4th Century B.C. Classified plants as herbs, shrubs, or trees

John Ray Mid-1600s Introduced the term species

Carolus LinnaeusFather of Taxonomy

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
a system of giving an organism a scientific name composed of two parts
genus name is capitalized species name is not capitalized name is underlined or italicized Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Danio rerio Crinum aquatica

WHAT IS A LIVING THING?

- Domains and Kingdoms

Three Domains of Life

Domain is the highest or broadest level of classification

There are three types of Domains:

Modern Bacteria

Ancient Bacteria

The 6 Kingdoms of Life

The Domain Bacteria

Contains a single kingdom, Eubacteria.
Some scientists call this kingdom Bacteria.

Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no internal compartments. Bacteria are found in practically every environment on Earth.

The Domain Archaea

Contains a single kingdom Archaebacteria. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that have diverged very early from bacteria. They are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria.

The Domain Eukarya

Eukarya is made up of four kingdoms:
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Members of this domain are Eukaryotes.

Kingdom Protista:
Kingdom Protista: Composed of eukaryotic organisms that cant be classified as animals, plants, or fungi Can be unicellular or multicellular Some are photosynthetic and some are heterotrophic

Kingdom Fungi:
Kingdom Fungi: Are heterotrophs They secret digestive enzymes into their food source Most are multicellular but some can be unicellular Cell walls contain chitin

Kingdom Plantae:
Kingdom Plantae: Are multicellular Are photosynthetic autotrophs Have cell walls made of cellulose Kingdom Animalia: Are multicellular Are heterotrophs