Design, Investigation & Culture: LESSON 06

welcome to
LESSON 06: BAUHAUS, CUBISM & SUPREMATISM

DESIGN INVESTIGATION & CULTURE
Lecturer
Itamar Medeiros (Brazil)
BA in Industrial Design;
PgDip in Information Design;
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MSc In Design.

Expertise
Multimedia/Web Design,
Photography, Information Design
and Human-Computer Interaction.
LESSON 06:

ART LECTURE
learning outcome
Students will learn about the main

periods of western art, making co-
relations with CULTURAL ASPECTS
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of each corresponding historical

period.
LESSON 06:

CULTURE LECTURE
content
A retrospect of the major periods of

western art, particularly the avant-
garde.
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ART

noun
The expression or application of

human creative skill and
imagination, typically in a visual form
such as painting or sculpture,
producing works to be appreciated /31
primarily for their beauty or emotional

power : the art of the Renaissance.
Works produced by such skill and

imagination : his collection of
modern art | an exhibition of Tibetan
art | [as adj. ] an art critic.
ART

skill & imagination
Art, being a product of skill and

imagination of those who produce it,
reflects both the technology of its
time, as well as the vision of the
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world of those who produce it.

MODERN ART

abstraction
Up until the first decade of the 20th

century, art whether drawing painting
or sculpture was always essentially
pictorial; based on themes and
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compositions representing real
world ideas.

But with the increasing use of machines
in industry and daily life, artists
sought new ways to interpret the
dynamic changes taking place around
them.
MODERN ART

the first years
Art was taken in many different

directions by movements such as
Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada
and Die Brucke, as artists continually
/31
re-evaluated the role of art

CUBISM

1908-1912
An early 20th-century school of painting

and sculpture in which the subject
matter is portrayed by geometric
forms without realistic detail,
stressing abstract form at the
/31
expense of other pictorial elements

largely by use of intersecting often
transparent cubes and cones.
CUBISM

1908-1912
Cubism is essentially the fragmenting of

three-dimensional forms into flat
areas of pattern and color,
overlapping and intertwining so that
shapes and parts of the human
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anatomy are seen from the front and

back at the same time.
CUBISM

1908-1912
The style was created by Picasso in

tandem with his great friend Georges
Braque, and at times, the works were
so alike it was hard for each artist
quickly to identify their own
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DESIGN INVESTIGATION & CULTURE LESSON 06: BAUHAUS, CUBISM & SUPREMATISM
CUBISM

innovations & achievements
It drew inspiration from 2 sources: tribal

art, especially that of Africa – primitive
art - African tribal masks. The other
influence was the work of Paul
Cézanne - "Everything in nature
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takes its form from the sphere, the

cone, and the cylinder."
CUBISM

innovations & achievements
Cubism had an impact on art in general

that extended far beyond the
existence of the painting style itself; it
paved the way for other art
revolutions, such as Dada and
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Surrealism.

It also inspired newer modes of art,
such as Orphism and Futurism, and
Even affected the formal structure of
styles whose origins had predated
cubism, such as expressionism.
MODERN ART

the first years
The view of the mind seen by the

founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund
Freud, stipulated that the human
psyche, far from being unified, was
mixed with emotional conflicts and
/31
contradictions.

MODERN ART

the first years
The discovery of X rays, physicist Albert

Einstein's theory of relativity, and
other technological innovations
suggested that our visual
experience no longer
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corresponded with science's view

of the world.
DADA

The movement was founded in 1916 in Zurich, a neutral city in the middle of a war-torn
Europe, by a group of exiles from countries on both sides of the conflict. Nihilistic
protest against all aspects of Western culture, especially against militarism during
and after World War I (1914-1918). The term dada is said to have been selected at
random from a dictionary. This symbolized the movement as a whole, as the artists
were attempting to protest war, greed and the corrupt powers that existed.
Hannah Hoch John Heartfield Raoul Hausmann
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MODERN ART

Suprematism, Neo-Plastiscism
and Construtivism
Art movements such as Suprematism,
Neo-Plasticism, Productivists and
Constructivism had their roots deeply
imbedded in the material nature of
the machine age.
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MODERN ART

Suprematism, Neo-Plastiscism
and Construtivism
Although short lived as movements in
art, their abandonment of the
figurative in favour of an abstract
approach to space and form
greatly influenced the course that
/31
art, architecture and design were to

take.
SUPREMATISM

The Russian abstract art movement
developed by Kazimir Malevich c.
1915, characterized by simple
geometric shapes and associated
with ideas of spiritual purity.
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SUPREMATISM

Kasimir Malevich's art and his
Suprematist manifesto are amongst
the most vital artistic developments of
this century. Most of his paintings are
limited to geometric shapes and a
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narrow range of colors, but the

pinnacle of his Suprematism was his
White on White series.
SUPREMATISM

Malevich claimed to have reached the
summit of abstract art by denying
objective representation.
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Malevich
Black Square
[1913] 1923-29; Oil on canvas, 106.2 x 106.5 cm
State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
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Malevich
Black Square and Red Square
1915; Oil on canvas, 71.4 x 44.4 cm
The Museum of Modern Art, New York
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Malevich
Suprematist Painting: Aeroplane Flying
1915; Oil on canvas, 57.3 x 48.3 cm
The Museum of Modern Art, New York
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Malevich
Supremus No. 56
1916; Oil on canvas, 80.5 x 71 cm
State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
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Malevich
Suprematism (Supremus No. 58)
1916; Oil on canvas, 79.5 x 70.5 cm (31 1/4 x
27 3/4 in); State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
BAUHAUS

1919, Germany
Founded by the architect Walter

Gropius in Weimar.
Famous German school of design that

had influence on modern architecture,
/31
the industrial and graphic arts, and

theater design.
BAUHAUS

1919, Germany
The Bauhaus was based on the fact that

art should meet the needs of
society and that no distinction
should be made between fine arts
and practical crafts.
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Bauhaus is a German expression that
literally means house for building.
The Bauhaus school was founded to
rebuild the country after a devastating
war and also form a new social order.
/31
DESIGN INVESTIGATION & CULTURE LESSON 06: BAUHAUS, CUBISM & SUPREMATISM
BAUHAUS

Innovation & Achievements
The practical innovations developed by

the Bauhaus have profoundly
effected designs favored by
industry as shown by the desks and
chairs that fill offices, lobbies, and
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lounges across the world.

BAUHAUS

Innovation & Achievements
The effects of the Bauhaus stretches

beyond our furniture and light fixtures,
into the realms of architecture,
theater, and typography, where the
designs and style of the Bauhaus are
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still spoken of today.

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welcome to

LESSON 06: BAUHAUS, CUBISM & SUPREMATISM