Oxidation: loss of electrons Reduction: gain of electrons Oxidant (oxidising agent): causes another species to be oxidised Oxidant: gains

electrons (oxidant is reduced) Reductant (Reducing Agent): causes another species to be reduced Reductant: loses electrons (reductant is oxidised) Redox Reactions: one species (reductant) provides electrons for another species

Examples Oxidation : Na -----> Na+ + e Sodium atom loses an electron to produce a positively charged sodium ion (cation) Sodium has been oxidised.

Reduction : F + e -----> F Fluorine atom gains an electron to form the negatively charged fluoride ion (anion) Fluorine has been reduced.

REDOX (electron transfer) Reaction : Na + F -----> Na+ + F An electron has been transferred from the sodium atom to the flourine atom. Sodium has lost an electron, it has been oxidised Sodium is the reductant as it has caused the fluorine to be reduced to the fluoride ion. Fluorine has gained an electron, it has been reduced. Fluorine is the oxidant as it has caused the sodium to be oxidised to the sodium ion.

Uses of REDOX Reactions Generation of electricity () Recharging rechargable Electrolytic extraction of metals Electroplating Quantitative analysis ()