INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CITY LINK BUILDERS

PREPARED BY

Muzammil Sajjad EE:083118 SESSION 2008-2012

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Table of Contents

1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction 2.1. Company Structure

3. Internship Summary 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. Route Survey and Design BOQ Estimation and Approval From Customer Trenching and Backfilling Duct Integrity Test Fusion Splicing End to End Link Testing

4. Responsibilities 5. Work on Project 6. My Experience 7. And Lastly

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Almighty Allah who is most merciful, and who give me strength to write this internship report. I extend my heartiest thanks to my seniors, colleagues, and subordinates who assist me on every occasion to enable me to write this report. My parents, classmates, friends come next in the list of those whom I have to thank. I pay special homage to the persons. Ch.M.Khurram Hameed Senior Engineer Operations

2. INTRODUCTION
City Link Builders undertakes Access Network Projects based on Optical Fiber cable. M/S City Link Builders has a wide experience in executed projects in densely populated urban areas. The Name of the firm is M/S City Link Builders. The Head office of the firm is situated at House no. 305, Main double road, G-8/2, Near Tandori Restaurant , Islamabad The firm is working under the name of M/S City Link Builders since 1999. This is sister concern of City Link Communication (Pvt.) Ltd which was created on May 27, 2004. It is a registered company vide company ordinance, 1984 of Pakistan with the license to operate in the Faisalabad Telecommunication Region and to sell and purchase Telecommunication Equipments/Items, to provide telecom solution and supporting services throughout the country The Name of company is M/S City Link Communication (Pvt.) Ltd register under the company act 1984 from 1984 from SECP Islamabad and City Link Builders (Sole Proprietorship).

2.1.

Company Structure

3. Internship
3.1.

Summary

Route Survey and Design BOQ Estimation and Approval From Customer

The entire route is surveyed for Lying of Optical Fiber Cables.

3.2.

On the basis of survey details an estimated BOQ is prepared and submitted to get the approval from the Clients.

Railway Department Provincial Highways Roads & Buildings Department Municipal corporations Tribal Jirgas Irrigation department National highway Authorities Cantonments And from different other Organizations or departments

Applications are submitted on behalf of the client, to each of the departments involved, and necessary permissions obtained after making payments as applicable (by the client).

3.3.

Trenching and Backfilling

Excavation of Trenches Standard depth of trench will be as per specifications outside the city limits trench will normally follow boundary of roadside land. However, where road side land is full of borrow pits or forestation, or when cable is to be laid along Culverts/bridges or cross-streams, trench may be made closer to road edge or in some cases, over embankment or shoulder of the road. Line up of trench would be such that HDPE duct(s) will be laid in straight line, both laterally as

well as vertically except at locations where it has to necessarily take a bend because of change in alignment or gradient of trench. Minimum radius of two meters will be maintained, where bends are necessitated.

3.4.

Duct Integrity Test

After backfilling ducts shall be tested for integrity (air tightness and kink-free shape). Air tightness test is done by pressurizing 2 km duct stretches at a time. One end of duct will be closed and compressed air at 5-6kg/cm2 is sent from the other end. At about 5kg/cm2 pressure the inlet of compressed air will be closed. Fall in pressure should not be more than 50% in 1(one) hour. To check that duct has not collapsed or kinked a wooden cylindrical piece (shuttle) is blown into the duct with far end fitted with Flexible wire grip/stocking. The wooden shuttle should pass through duct at far end with out any obstruction and within approx. 10 minutes or less. Fiber Termination All fibers of OF cables will be terminated on Fiber Management System (FMS) at each regenerator (REG) or ADM (add drop multiplexer) location. Installation of FMS is done according to the manufacturer's specification. End to End testing can be carried out from the FMS to FMS using the connectors who are mounted on the FMS.

3.5.

Fusion Splicing

Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the virgin fiber itself. The process of fusion splicing involves using localized heat to melt or fuse the ends of two optical fibers together. The splicing process begins by preparing each fiber end for fusion. Fusion splicing requires that all protective coatings be removed from the ends of each fiber, a process called stripping. The fiber is then cleaved using the score-and-break method so that its endface is perfectly flat and perpendicular to the axis of the fiber. The quality of each fiber end is inspected using a microscope. In fusion splicing, splice loss is a direct function of the angles and quality of the two fiber-end faces. The two endfaces of the fibers are aligned, then are fused together. Splicing is done using a good quality splicing machine named as Fusion Splicer(TCW605). Splice loss per joint will be minimum and would not be more than 0.07 dB. At least 0.6 M to 0.8 M fiber would be stored in cable tray. Fiber would be neatly coiled without kinks. Minimum

bending radius of 80mm would be ensured, Joint closure would be sealed properly before it is taken out of the controlled environment free from dust particles and air-conditioned splicing van.

3.6.

End to End Link Testing

After the cables are installed and terminated, it's time for testing. For every fiber optic cable plant, you will need to test for continuity, end-to-end loss and then troubleshoot the problems. If it's a long outside plant cable with intermediate splices, you will probably want to verify the individual splices with an OTDR also, since that's the only way to make sure that each one is good. If you are the network user, you will also be interested in testing power, as power is the measurement that tells you whether the system is operating properly. The OTDR, however, uses backscattered light of the fiber to imply loss. The OTDR works like RADAR, sending a high power laser light pulse down the fiber and looking for return signals from backscattered light in the fiber itself or reflected light from connector or splice interfaces.

4. Responsibilities
They ask us to visit the site and observe the equipments which were implemented there. We visit that site and try to understand that. We also observe how to perform fusion splicing using splicing machine, actually fusion splicing is a technique used to join or weld two cables. Fusion splices use an electric arc to weld two fiber-optic cables together. The process of fusion splicing involves using localized heat to melt or fuse the ends of two optical fibers together. The splicing process begins by preparing each fiber end for fusion. Fusion splicing requires that all protective coatings be removed from the ends of each fiber. The fiber is then cleaved using the score-andbreak method. The quality of each fiber end is inspected using a microscope, and after that we learn to make sure that the splicing which we did is accurate and efficient and this procedure is done by using result OTDR. The OTDR, however, uses backscattered light of the fiber to observe loss. The OTDR works like RADAR, sending a high power laser light pulse down the fiber and looking for return signals from backscattered light in the fiber itself or reflected light from connector or splice interfaces. After that our work was to visit different sites and do all this procedure.

5. Work

on Project

I was part of project named as Low Voltage Electrical Wiring and Switching. As a member of this project following activities were assigned to me. Schematic Drawing on Auto Cad Wire Configuration Understanding Signal Generation and Control Brief Introduction about Implementation of this Project

6. My

Experience

Working as an internee in CityLink was a very good experience for me. It give me a chance to learn and observe the things which were implemented practically. Most interesting part of my internship was visiting different sites analyze the problem and report back after that we tried to resolve that problem, some times problems occurred due to the breakage of cable. So we joined the cable using splicing technique. Actually splicing techniques are of two types: 1. Fusion Splicing. 2. Mechanical Splicing. As fusion splicing is mentioned above in detail. So now Ill explain Mechanical Splicing, difference between Fusion Splicing and Mechanical Splicing, and also which one is more effective. In Mechanical Splicing mechanically join the fibers - There is no heat used in this method. Simply position the fiber ends together inside the mechanical splice unit. The index matching gel inside the mechanical splice apparatus will help couple the light from one fiber end to the other. Mechanical splices are easily implemented in the field, require little or no tooling, and offer losses of about 0.5 to 0.75 dB and in Splicing loss per joint will be minimum and would not be more than 0.07 dB. Which is achieved by using Fusion Splicing so fusing Splicing is more effective and used in industries.

7. And

Lastly

In the end I would like thanks the administration of the CityLink who provide me this opportunity. And at the last but not least I would like to thanks M.Khurram Hameed for his guidance throughout my stay over there.