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- http://www.becominghuman.org - _ badexqbl_egh [h]ZlZ [ZaZ ^Zggb
\dexq\ZsZgZmqgbbgZmqgh-ihimeyjgb\b^_hnbefbdgb]bklZlbbgZkhq_ghkllZ_
_^gh\j_f_gghbdtf mq_gbl_bdtfh[jZah\Zgbl_g_ki_pbZebklbbdtfrbjhdZlZ
im[ebdZ
Ihhl^_egbqZklgb\tijhkb
- http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~taflinge/culture1.html – ihkhq\Z b h[kt`^Z dZlh
hkgh\gb _e_f_glb gZ qh\_rdZlZ dmelmjgZ _\hexpby ktljm^gbq_kl\hlh [b\Zdtl
eZ]_jtl aZ\bkbfhkllZgZ\k_dbjh^hlhklZgZebl_

4
Ijhbaghr_gb_ gZ Zg]ebckdb me:m – _^bgbpZ aZ dmelmjgZ bgnhjfZpby lZdb\Z dZlh dmelmjgZ
         

ijZdlbdZ beb b^_y dhylh k_ ij_gZky keh\_kgh beb qj_a ih\lhj_gh ^_ckl\b_ hl jZamf dtf jZamf
              

g_heh]batf \t\_^_g hl JbqZj^ >hdbgk \ K_[bqgbyl ]_g K MB K\ Debf_gl Hojb^kdb


    ³  ´  ³   

259- ijb^\b`_g b jZaijhkljZg_g hl >Zgb_e >_g_l (\ l_dklZ gZjbqZg >Zg >_g_l) \ KtagZgb_lh
            ³ 

h[ykg_gh {Consciousness Explained} b >Zj\bgh\ZlZ hiZkgZ b^_y {Darwin’s Dangerous Idea}. Gb_
´ ³   ´ ³ 

k_ gm`^Z_f hl bf_ – ibr_ >hdbgk gZ kljZgbpZ hl pblbjZgZlZ jZ[hlZ – aZ gh\by j_iebdZlhj


               

_^gh kts_kl\bl_egh dh_lh ^Z ij_^Z\Z b^_ylZ aZ _^bgbpZ dmelmjgh ij_^Z\Zg_ beb _^bgbpZ
           

bfblZpby Fbf_f ijhbaebaZ hl ih^oh^ys ]jtpdb dhj_g gh Za [bo bkdZe _^ghkjbqgZ ^mfZ a\mqZsZ
             

dZlh ]_g :a k_ gZ^y\Zf q_ fhbl_ ijbyl_eb deZkbpb s_ fb ijhklyl ktdjZs_gb_lh gZ fbf_f ^h


³ ´              

f_f :dh lh\Z bah[sh _ gydZd\h mkihdh_gb_ lh fh`_ Zel_jgZlb\gh ^Z k_ kfylZ k\tjaZgh k memory
              

iZf_l beb k nj_gkdZlZ ^mfZ même {ktshlh} Bklhjbq_kdb ihgylb_lh aZ khpbZegZ _\hexpby b
     ´      

ih^h[_g l_jfbg fg_f_ hl klZjh]j PQKYPK – iZf_l itj\h k_ ihy\y\Z \


 ³ ´ ] \ jZ[hlZlZ gZ           

g_fkdby _\hexpbhg_g [bheh] JbqZj^ K_fhg k gZa\Zgb_ Fg_fbqgbl_ \taijbylby b lyoghlh


      ³    

hlghr_gb_ dtf itj\hgZqZegbl_ \taijbylby {Die mnemische Empfindugen in ihren Beziehungen zu


   ´

den Originalenempfindungen} K ij_\h^Z gZ dgb]ZlZ ij_a ] gZ Zg]ebckdb kb ihy\y\Z l_jfbgtl


           

“mneme”
- http://www.serpentfd.org - _ki_pbZeghihk\_l_ggZg_hl_gbylZ5b`_gkdbyl
k_dkmZe_ghl[hj
- http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo - _ij_]e_^gZjZggZlZqh\_rdZ_\hexpbyb
ih-ki_pbZegh gZ [bheh]bqgZlZ b dmelmjgZ _\hexpby gZ Homo habilis b Homo
erectus;
- http://www.kli.ac.at/theorylab/Areas/CE.html - e ki_pbZegh gZkhq_g ^Z
ih^q_jlZ\Z hlebdbl_ gZ dmelmjgZlZ hl [bheh]bqgZlZ _\hexpby dZlh dexqh\h _
ihgylb_lhaZjZpbhgZe_gba[hj
- http://www.onelife.com/evolve/manev.html - e h[s bgnhjfZlb\_g ^h[j_
hgZ]e_^_g b baq_jiZl_e_g ij_]e_^ gZ qh\_rdZlZ _\hexpby ij_^gZagZq_g aZ
\bkhdhh[jZah\Zgbg_ki_pbZebklb
- http://www.amonline.net.au/human_evolution - _ k[blh baeh`_gb_ dZdlh
]hjghlh

Ebl_jZlmjZ
<Zkbe_\ G  Qh\_dtl – \tagbd\Zg_ b _\hexpby K MB ³K\ Debf_gl
Hojb^kdb´
<Zkbe_\GQh\_dtlKMB³K\Debf_glHojb^kdb
DZpZjkdb B 2002. JZafbjgbyl ?^_f KlZlbb \tjom Zgljhih]_g_aZlZ  K
³IZjZ^b]fZ.
DZpZjkdbBJh^tlKRPR Lyehih\_^_gb_b_abd\_\hexpby KNZ[_j
F. Braudel. 1958. Histoire et sciences sociales. La longue durée. – Annales E.S.C., 1958,
4 (october-décembre), p. 725-753.
Fath, G., M. Sarvary, 2005. A renormalization group theory of cultural evolution. -
Physica A Vol. 348, 611-629 (arXiv:nlin/0312070v2 [nlin.AO]).
Gabora, L. 1998. Autocatalytic closure in a cognitive system: a tentative scenario for the
origin of culture. – Psycholoquy 9 (67) (arXiv:adap-org/9901002v1)

5
Ih hlghr_gb_ gZ qh\_dZ g_hl_gbylZ k_ jZa[bjZ dZlh oZjZdl_jghlh aZ \b^Z hleh`_gh k_dkmZegh
            

jZa\blb_ badexqbl_egh m^te`Z\Zg_ i_jbh^Z gZ ^_lkl\h b g_itegZ ajyehkl aZiZa\Zg_lh gZ


          

nmgdpbhgZegb b ZgZlhfh-nbabheh]bqgb q_jlb hl lhab ij_^r_kl\Zs i_jbh^ m \tajZklgbl_


         

bg^b\b^b 
“VECTORS” OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

By Vasil Penchev, Assoc. Prof., PhD,

Institute for Philosophical Research of

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

vasildinev@gmail.com, http://vasil7penchev.wordpress.com

The text is devoted to the contemporary tendencies of a new comprehension of the


connections between cultural and biological human evolution. The works of two of the
most eminent Bulgarian investigators of human evolution are considered and juxtaposed:
I Katzarski and N. Vasilev. A survey of the most interesting Internet sites accomplishes
the paper.

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