1983

1984

1984
science art
craft

1980

LG1979

***

WTO

1994

1985

1920
Eugene A.NidaThe Theory
and Practice of Translation

5
p.19 2002

I am a lone monk walking the world with a leaky umbrella.Time December

5,1994 p.37
I am a monk under an umbrella, defying laws human and divine.

Subways, sewers and other underground passage-ways must be blocked to

prevent unobserved access into inner city.
1
2
1 2

Everything seemed to be cut and dry in the minister''s office.

1
2
1 be cut and dry 2

e-mail native speaker five o''clock

shadow

eight famous recluse monks

the history of twenty-five dynasties

1931
Dynamic EquivalenceE.Nida

1. 2.
3.

Functional

Equivalence
p.18

1989

1898

''
1790

equivalenceidentity

1
2
3

The police went out in force to control the crowd.

1
2
1 in force in force in large number 2

Some people swap houses for a holiday.

1
2

1 2

He is a good sailor

1He was very sick and lay in bed all the time.
2He was bedridden.
1 2

1997 97
1840

80% 100 180 80% 100 80
80% 100 20 X X X%
X% X

[]

JA K.V.A.

1
2
3

Herbst 1987:116
OALD

Hartmann,1983

111 p.35

Firth Each Word when used in a

new context is a new word

111

Google http://www.google.com
http://www.chinatranslate.net
http://www.renditions.org
http:// www.encyclopedia.com
http://dictionary.reference.com
http://www.netat.net

http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/vocabulary.shtml
http://xinhuanet.com
http://epizza.nease.net/

family
Do you have a family?
1
2
1 2 have a family

family
family


2003/01/29

bamboo-shoot bamboo
salad

GodDieuGott
My God!
Dieu soit loue GodDieu

dog

cup cupmugglass
car cartruckbuslorryvan
peasant landlord
Mona Baker In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation

cousinprivacyspeaker
privacy
speaker speaker

dumpling
lexicalized landslide

arruacao

malefemale

wine white wine red wine

liquor spirits beer Guinness

jump
leapvaultspringbouncediveclearplungeplummet

borrow lend
propaganda
propaganda usually used showing
disapproval


-ishboyishgreenish

10.
dine alfresco dine outdoors
alfresco
false friend false cognate
exp rience
eat one''s words go back on one''s word / break a promise
to admit that they were wrong about something they said

white coffee

Last-minute bargain hunters flocked to the shop.

bargain hunter

hobby
hobby watching TVsleepingeatingwindow shopping
hobby hobbyaddiction
hobby hobby
bird watchinggourmet
cookingmeditating horseback riding
hobby hobby horse

Chinese rose
American Beauty
From China to Peru
Dutch treat
French leave
Italian football
castle in Spain

Greek gift
Turkish towel
minutes
greens
a bad sailor
under the weather

shampoo

I had a bath and shampooed my hair.

Today there may be no more than 1000 giant pandas left in the wild,
restricted to a few mountain strongholds in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan,
Shananxi and Gansu.
1000

stronghold
mountain stronghold

Many of the species growing wild here are familiar to us as plants cultivated
in European gardens species like this exotic lily.

exotic

Chinese Romeo and Juliet

Chinese Valentine''s Day

to shed crocodile tears be green-eyed

get off to a good startweddings and funeralshonor board

CDDVDCT

Mo-er, a black tree fungus used in the preparation of a hot bean curd
recipe called Ma-po dou-fu was found by Dale E . Hammerschmidt of the
University of Minnesota Medical School to interfere with normal clotting in a
person''s blood . UPI

the lower mixed broadleaf forestsare the areas most

accessible to and disturbed by Man.
accessible to

The panda''s mountain home is rich in plant life and gave us many of the
trees, shrubs and herbs most prized in European gardens.

gave us
the trees, shrubs and herbs

Mid Bus


cultural common core
,
wind, rain, cloud, fog, sun, earth, moon, big, small, cold, hot
father,
mother, son, daughter, Blood is thicker than water.

physics, chemistry, mathematics, the United Nations, EuroHong Kong

target language
source language

television
electricity
wheat
I
winter

skin and bones

in deep water
at one''s fingertips
turn a deaf ear to
talk black into white
burn one''s boat

Practice makes perfect.

Strike while the iron is hot.

Ill news travels fast.
More haste, less speed.
The mother-in-law does not remember that she was a
daughter-in-law.

He went through fire and flood to save his mother.

You have a lucky star above you.

By searching his heart, he could not but admit that he was in the wrong.

The economic situation in these countries is on the down grade.

 4 living water

keep off the grass keep off the

1awn grass lawn

chair
benchstoolthrone
pew Please address the chair
chair

1993 134136

1.1n fact one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears
out

2.The mushroom fortress loomed indistinctly but grandly through a morning

mist.

3.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a
matter of life or death.

4. she was ready to go , but first she wanted her book to be in print

------------------------2009 11 30

5For the average consumer, voice-activated devices are a convenience; for
the elderly and handicapped, they may become indispensable for a wide variety
of chores in the home.

indispensable
6A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refuge
from encroaching technology.

 last refuge

7 Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an

outing from Venice

8The seasons came and went and they revolved around Joshua

91n order to get a large amount of water power we need a large pressure
and a large current

10 A scientist constant1y tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and

his conc1usions

11 In older cranes that have already paired off dancing reinforces the
union it''s a sort of annual renewal of vows

12Enthusiasm is dampened by habit but reinforced concrete still deserves

a 1arge measure of it.

111

Samuel Johnson
1755

record
I record all my thoughts in a notebook.

I''ll bring you some records next time.

How many books have you read?

Take up the pen and write vigorously.

take
37 15 12
9 61
help
He helped sweep the floors of the waiting rooms.

The government needs to help the needy.

Trade helps the development of industry.

I couldn''t help crying.

This organization may be able to help you with such information.

Maybe it would help if you took some adult education courses.

This room is so depressing I suppose new curtains would help.

I helped Oakley inside.


Can you help me with this case please?

Can I help you to some more meat?

Mr. Stokes helped himself to some more rum.

He''s been helping himself to the contents of the till again!

Humor often helps a tense situation.

A: Do you let your holiday cottage?

B: Oh yes, it helps with the upkeep.

The rain was beating against the windows.

She sounded the gong lustily.

Strike the iron while it is hot.

He hit her on the head with a bottle.

Li Meiting knocked on the door and entered.

I broke a bowl.

Don''t drop the teapot.

They fought a battle.

They''ve captured another town.

They are building a wall dyke .

He is putting up a fence.

He is packing his luggage.

She is good at knitting a sweater.

You had better draw squares first.

Yesterday they sank a well again.

She is used to holding up an umbrella.

Let her go in front and flash a torch for us.

We must raise our spirits to work and study.

He parted the Japanese-style gauze curtain patterned with flowers.

He called her at home.

Kao Sung-nien cabled me directly.

Write a letter of introduction for me.

Fetch a basin of water!

The boy went to buy soy sauce.

I am fond of catching fish.

1000
He got in 1000 jin of rice yesterday.

He gathers firewood for his wife.

You''d better work out a draft first.

You should estimate the cost at 500 yuan.

I played center on the basketball team.

We should spray insecticide upon plants.

I can tell you nobody should try any lawsuit.

The hearing aids are operated from batteries.

The doctor operated on the patient for a tumor.

The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.


On what terms do you supply spare parts?

He is in very good physical condition.

We have to consider the subjective factors and objective circumstances.

: He is my
uncle. uncle

I''m sure I''ll beat John this time.

1
2

1Father has left.

2Father has passed away.

For twins they are very dissimilar, Colin is tall and active and Johnny is short
and middle-aged.

middle-aged of or relating to middle age

We enclose a list showing our present availabilities .

Availability
This kind of wood works easily.

After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on
the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.

Poor Joe''s panic lasted for two or three days, during which he did not visit
the house.

Every life has its roses and thorns .

The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green .

The beauty of lasers is that they can do machining without ever physically
touching the material.

Beauty lies in lover''s eyes.


The difference between fusion and fission does not stop here.

Different systems of gases produce flames of different colors.

Rubber is not hard and it gives way to pressure.

We wiped out an enemy regiment.

eat, wipe out

With many years'' teaching experience behind him he has no problem with
this course.

We must unswervingly give equal importance to economic development on

one hand and to the development of socialist culture and ideology on the other
hand .

In preparing their budgets, governments at all levels should make sure that
they can make both ends meet and that budgeted expenditures cover both
material and construction costs .

Fulfillment of the aforementioned goals will yield substantial progress in

expanding Chinas comprehensive national strength and improving the living

standards of her people.

Our comrades should take note: Don''t live on the power of your office, your
high position or seniority.

We tried to delegate power to lower levels on a number of occasions. But this

was limited solely to readjusting the administrative power of the central and local
authorities and of the different departments and regions.

1951

1980

Wonder
is he pimping after me

 pimping

pimp

2003

1collocations

grasp manurepay c1ose attention to or attend to the question of

manure
make achievementshave or record
learn knowledge acquire or attain
build China intoturn or transform
make mistakes of indiv1dua1ism mistakes of succumbing to
individualism
We had the experience that1t was our experience that
Warmly congratulate the Asian Games Hail or Greet
For a good harvest

good harvest

both in sports and mora1s

morals morals Long11zan Dictionary
standards of behaviour espin matters of sex
For betterathletic records
and sportsmanship

2personificati
-on

Our cause has won victories one after another.

cause win victories cause

We have won one victory after another for our cause.

A series of victories have been won for our cause.

The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable ro1e in our

history. Chinese characters have made indelible contributions in history

It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion

Religion must not interfere with politics
3modifiers

We should simplify procedures and take prompt action to import urgently needed
technology organize scientists technicians and workers to assimilate and

popularize imported technology

simplify further prompt and vigorous
organize earnestly actively workers the mass of

successfully convened

( 1991 3 )

conceptual meaning and associative meaning

father dad
daddypapathe old man male parent

typewriter cooker Bern

connotative meaning
stylistic meaningaffective meaningcollocative
meaning
P.46

cheque
bank

pay
money
write
moon

butter

repair

plant-flowerrose/peony/jasmine/tulip/
orchid plant flower plant

rose/peony/jasmine/tulip/orchid

putmakegettakerun


carryoutperformundertake visit
payavisit makeavisit performavisit
grill grillbread
eatameal eatmedicine takemedicine
maleteacher maledog

prettyhandsome

girl woman flower

man carovercoat

butter
rancidegg addled
rancideggs addledbutter
breakrules breakregulations wastingtime
squanderingtimedeliveraverdict pronounceaverdict()
pronounceasentence deliverasentence

(
)height
speed high speed height

Article 2 The Chinese Government protects, according to the law, the

investment of foreign joint ventures, the profit due them and their other lawful
rights and interests in an equity joint venture, pursuant to the agreement,
contract and articles of association approved by the Chinese Government. (
)
to bore a hole
to improve the surface finishes

 a
great fool

They are ambitious although they are poor.

They have seen through his ambitious designs.
invigorate/ rejuvenate play trick/scheme in
secret

back and forth

fire and water

Airlines fight it out on the world wild web.(Time March 22, 1999)
wild wide

1) heavy smoker/drinkerheavy gambler

2

breadbutter

dry cow
dry fire
dry canteen

dry facts
dry book
dry shampoo
dry party
dry wine
dry farming
dry law
dry nurse
dry
Alternative

alternative another alternative

an alternative the alternative He has no alternative.
alternative
alternative

As the proverb so aptly says A dragon begets nine offspring, each one
different.

She grew up to be a graceful charming young woman.

Abraham begot Issac.

A woman bears a child.

The ewe yeans .

The cow calves .

The sow farrows .

The hen lays an egg.

Her mother died soon after she was born .

Mrs. Dobson has produced two fine sons.

He

was weak and old.

shabby

He lives in a shabby house.

She is a shabby old woman.

The professor looks rather shabby .

This is a shabby excuse.

They were friendly to me and my opinion.

He wore dark glasses and a thick jersey.

Tremendous creativity and enthusiasm.

He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

cocks crow
deer bellow
dogs bark
goats bleat
lions roar
tigers growl

wolves howl
horses neigh
elephants trumpet.
cranes whoop
bears/bulls bellow /
snakes hiss
frogs croak
magpies chatter
gooses cackle/ gaggle
nightingales jug
chicks cheep/ pip/ peep
mice squeak
asses/donkeys bray
sparrows twitter /chirp/ chirrup
cats miaow /mew/purr.

1
2
3
5.
7

224 AD

1999/11

 Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be

spread by hand contacts.
discoveries (Chinese English)
(Anglicized Chinese )

1
The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other
barren desert countries.

impact
The pianist gave a fine performance .

Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points
where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to
accept more " unnatural food".

sense has have the sense of sth./to do

sth. sense

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.

He feared the withdrawal of his parents'' permission.

The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago.

500

There was some acknowledgement that the parents had to be involved.

His excellent performance in the play impressed me deeply.

This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.

To them, he personified the absolute power.

2

I would very much appreciate it if you could take our suggestion into
consideration .

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of
defective products.

His wife has done everything possible to mother him.

The new contract would expire in 5 years.

Please let us know if our terms are acceptable .

We must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects
provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison.

(sure )

able, afraid, angry, ashamed, aware, anxious, careful, cautious,

certain, concerned, confident, doubtful, glad, grateful, ignorant ( ) sorry,
thankful
I am very concerned about her.

I am grateful to you for helping me.

4
be+

Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?

I am anxious about her health.

We should never be content with a little book knowledge only.

It is doubtful that he will come.

5.

We must respect the old and love the young .

The two compounds are both acids, the former is strong, the latter weak.

This workpiece is not more elastic than that one.

Glass is much more soluble than quartz.

Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft.

The Smiths were religious.

6.

All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of metals.

Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials.

A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.

The same principles of low internal resistance also apply to milliammeters.

7
He is physically weak but mentally sound.

The device is shown schematically in Figure 5.

5
Electromagnetic waves travel as fast as light.

8
The sea thundered on, over and past , and as it roared by it revealed a
hideous sight.

Open the valve to let air in.

In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.

9.
The government is behind this project.

Public opinion was against the proposal.

10

We are all in favor of his suggestion.

They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.

1.
2.
3.

1. When I came to l was in

the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
Mark Twain
2. I
judge I would saw out and leave that night if pa got drunk enough, and I
reckoned he would.(Mark Twain
would drunk

1.
One can''t be too careful in matters like this.
one2.He put his hands into his pockets
and then shrugged his shoulders. his3.
Try again and you will succeed. and

contextua1 amplification

A conference of developing countries has convened in Washington attempting

to identify priorities for improving life among poor areas of the world.

Noontime came and went; Nixon, who rarely

had lunch, and Kissinger, who rarely missed it, skipped the meal and went right
on talking for almost four hours.

lower-middle- peasants
upper-middle- peasants
lower-middle-income-peasant upper-middle-income-peasant
Long Yin Xie (a pavilion built specially for
emperors to recite poetry ) in the Hua Qing Pool.

1.

Conrad went outside and began to bounce a ball on the road. R. E. Sherwood
Extra Extra and Mrs. Wil1y
sat in a chair and folded her hands.R. Suchow Golden Wedding
her and
Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private schoo1, and our daughter, who is
four, won''t go to school until next year. J. Cheever The Season of Divorce

our whoand until 2

Toward evening he saw
it again But this time there was fear in its face.JKjelgaad The Black Horse
this time
I must look
very funny next to Ralph who is so big.S.Benson Little Woman
who is so big
I handed him some money to pay for it. He wouldn''t take the
money. M. K. Rawlings A Mother in Mannivil1e

the money
3
He decided he had better go home not to the
rooming house in New Orleans

but home to grandpa''s house. ( A. W.

Bontemps Lonesome Boy ) ,

but house to grandpa''s house
He felt sure now he would be able to stay. L. Hearn The Boy Who Painted
Cats felt sure
1993 224228

1.
1
I saw the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiers plodding on
like a swarm of crawling locusts,

Both brothers are not here.

bothnot

Neither of the brothers is here.

When I arrived I found her sitting on the stoep. She looked lonely and
pathetic.

Air pressure decreases with altitude.


()
The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.

Air is a mixture of gas es .

gases

I am and will always be your friend.

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.

The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.

practice
2

The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means
of a generator or dynamo.

Remember: you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion.
You''re a man who was sent as a representative of the British Government.

Tom, Dick and Harry

Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their
liberation .
liberation
The cause of liberation )
2.
1
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.

Heated, water will change to vapour.

Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.

The plan is considered practical.

He is very tall.
be

She is a student.
student a/an

They are singing and dancing.

singing dancing and

Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our
motherland.

He''s a sick man and he can''t come for his dough.

 and he
The earth moves round the sun.

You buy stamps at a post office.

Different metals differ in their conductivity.

A square has four equal sides.

There is no cloud in the sky.

there

I want to buy a book.

She was working all day yesterday.

Are you a student?

3.
1
We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not. We just call them a
different name.

Heat from the sun stirs up the atmosphere, generating winds.

2
The numbers of known hydrocarbons run into tens of thousands.

the number of

Suitable for men, women and children.

manwomen

The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could
be consumed and more money than could be spent.

food, clothes, money

repetition
Lord, Lord

1993 85-90

pre-editingpostediting
1998 134-135

Croce

1.
2.
3. 4.

Copeland Literature
in translation is almost always sure to be literature at least once removed. And
in the case of poetry the removes are always likely to be as those of Scotch

cousins.
Scotch cousins
a cousin forty times removed

Mit Woelfen Muss man heulen, Among wolves

one must howl.
When in Rome do as the Romans do.

1980 8 11

They may win the war but not the peace.

We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.

I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

trouble
He became an oil baron---all by himself.

oil baron
John is a friend of mine and hers.


The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of one hundred ordinary
patients.

The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne
down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.

who boss

The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from
"Shangri-la", the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.

Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of

strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement.

We talked of ourselves, of our studies, of our prospects, of each other--of

everything.

But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and
the ruin he was bringing on his family.


In China, they made mistakes, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied
them, thus planned victory.

Each country has its own customs.

Happy families also had their own troubles.

itshistheir

I''ll take whoever wants to go.

Whoever works hard will be respected.

( whoever, whenever, wherever

)
Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
=
someandotherssome,others

He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.

The State shall , in light of the needs for the development of foreign trade,
set up and improve financial institutions in service of foreign trade and establish
development fund and risk fund for foreign trade.

He covered his face with his hands, as if to protect his eyes.

Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city
in which they dwelt.

Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.

During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited
Peking University and visited the Great Wall.

We need rapid progress, not slow progress.

They steal, they rob, they swindle; no one dares to cross their path.

This is the springtime for the revolution, this is the springtime for the people,
this is the springtime for science!
this is the springtime

The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who

instantly found himself tongue-tied.

tongue-tied

They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows
of identical new buildings.

groves rows

Once he took up his pen, writings began pouring down.

pouring down

This is the way things are: if they attack and we wipe them out, they will
have that much satisfaction; wipe out some, some satisfaction; wipe out more,
more satisfaction; wipe out the whole lot, then complete satisfaction.

 After all, youth is youth , or else why should we bother to have a Youth
League?

Silence!Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.

silence

14

Blood is thicker than water

The monk may run away but the temple can''t run with him

no gains without pain

to wait for gains without pains I only know what
we see from our worm''s-eye view bird''s eye view''
''''

wall of bronze catch

at shadows
That was borrowing joss-

sticks from a neighbour and burning them before Buddha for your own sake .

trump card Whoever plays with fire

perishes running dog 1ose face

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

Downy lips
makethoughtless slips
Man propose god disposes
Do not unto others what you would not be done by

Cut your coat according to your cloth You can

cut your coat a lit longer in the future I''rn setting ten thousand pounds a
year on you at once
.

walls have ears to burn one''s boats

castle in the air at sixes and sevens
Nothing comes wrong to a hungry man

Beauty lies in lover''s eyes Love is blind.

carry coals to Newcastle

.
vulgarism

Go to
hell What the hell What on earth Damn it Blast it

fart *** piss cock cunt ***

what we do is no business of yours,


pass your wind

Don''t talk rubbish Don''t talk such rot What nonsense what rot bosh
Curse you your farting fool 1975
Shit! Wide of
the mark
Stop your windy nonsense!

idiom
fixed expression
There was
too much buck passing. pass the buck=

: fight tooth and nail

fight nail and tooth
: spill the beans
spill beans
: face the music
face the classical music
: rain cats and dogs
rain cats and pigs
: follow the crowd
the crowd was followed
Ladies and
Gentlemen Generally speaking Time and tide
wait for no one. ( )

Merry Christmas

It''s raining cats and dogs .

My neighbours are continually quarrelling, but it is usually a storm in a teacup .

There is no need to jump down his throat, it wasn''t his fault.

He was blown to kingdom come.

A lot of the fellows that went to the Saturday night discos spent more time
leaning on the wall or drinking in the bar than tripping the light fantastic and so
the girls danced with each other, or got fed up and stopped going.

I''m afraid this sudden wet weather has put paid to =finish, destroy our
picnic.

like, as
Broiled chicken disappeared from before us like magic.

He accepted his defeat like a lamb =meekly .

They''re the same height, or as near as (=nearly; almost) makes no

difference.

This was manly, as the world goes (=according to customary standard) .

I can''t turn up as I have other fish to fry.

Mary went out with (= on dates with) Jim for two years before they were
married.

go out with
Helen felt the vanity of human affairs and it was in those securities that she
would have liked to cast anchor.

cast/drop anchor

He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but had to eat his words (=
admit that sth one has said was wrong) after losing several games.

 eat one''s words

If you''re going to regard every suggestion I make as criticism, then I must
wash my hands of the whole matter (= refuse to accept any responsibility for (sth
or sb).

wash one''s hands of

A carry
coals to Newcastle ( Newcastle ) yours
respectfully/
faithfully/sincerely/
B to sing a different
tune

C
I am reminded of the saying Let George do it George I''ll have a few
things for you to do. Time Dec .27, 1982

Let George(s) do it
Let Georges do it Georges Cardinal
Georges George Schultz
George Schultz Let Georges do it .
Georges Cardinal Georges
George Schultz George Schultz Let
Georges do it . George Schultz
Let someone else do it

More haste, less speed.

To fish in troubled waters.
To kill two birds with one stone.
castles in the air
miss the boat
turn a deaf ear to
burn your boat
hang by a hair
break silence
The policeman found a clue to the burglary.

The monk can run away, but not the monastery.

To draw water in a bamboo basket.

Don''t get wise with me , young man.

But the die was cast , he could not go back.

He has recounted everything you said in detail to me.

If anything should happen to you,

The captain scratched the beginnings of five o''clock shadow and look away.
five
o''clock shadow,

She is all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to
help her. without a single relative or friend
to help her

Don''t know, Captain, but it sounds like Grace is in there talking to her boss
at NIS. She mentioned killing off the investigation. Sounds to me like some
serious circling of wagons has been going on.

circling of wagons

This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every man in the street. Sima Zhao trick
Sima Zhao was a prime minister of Wei (220265 A.D.) who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once
remarked, Sima Zhao''s intention is obvious to every man in the street.


Suddenly he heard a rustle in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply.

Cold pale sunlight illuminated their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless
eyes.
Could you help me in any way ?

As it happens , we did not meet there.

milk and water

to shed crocodile tears
Once the tree falls, the
monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter
.
with the tail between
the legs; war-monger; blue-print .

Scientific exploration the search for

knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from
the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man.

Empty vessels make the greatest sound ,

convergence area
Speech community

15 10
80%

internetwindowhomepageWebDosKV300UCDOS,

 APEC
CCTVNBAMTV OK
FIT FOR LIFE
FIT internet
internet

social groupsculture

AIDS

pai-huawokwonton

cool
party party
party

clone

science democracy

1998 2

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for
delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for
ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.

If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.

The truth comes out

He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and

dark, so grave and gay.

The two theories vary but they are compossible.

Misery loves company

I congratulate myself on my narrow escape


On every hand was a charming view of rocky buttresses and wooded heights.

All things conspired to make him happy

The warmth of the summer months, the amount of rainfall and the gentle
slopes of the land have made settlement and cultivation possible over large parts
of the continent.

She exulted to find that she had succeeded

He contrived to make a mess of the whole thing

You can''t come round with such yarns

It has no counterpart in the world

The storm clouds gathered darkly

He was daunted by the amount of work still to be done

He was silent in default by any excuse

His speech was dreary

The state was in disruption

Harcourt had just bought the book, and had reached into his pocket for the
money with a free ready gesture to make it appear that he has been accustomed
to buying books for young ladies.

But their slanders have all been exploded in the face of hard facts.
Explode completely.
explode.

This is the only road leading to prosperity

this is the only road leading to affluence and prosperity
affluence prosperity

Although the road before us is rough

 rough and bumpy, rough

It''s impossible to carry in an atmosphere of tranquility such an earth-shaking

task as getting some 500 million peasants to undertaking socialist transformation

But this so-called two-party system is nothing but a device for maintaining
the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie; it can never guarantee freedoms to the
working people.
freedoms

He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.

Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless .

elegant and graceful, soft and light.

A
Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in
profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character
adj.+ in +n.

In these areas the leading posts in the peasant associations and the organ of

political power should be assumed by those activists among the poor and middle
peasants who are correct in their thinking and fair and just in running affairs .
adj.+ in +n.

It was a case of the reactionaries inside a socialist country, in league with the
imperialists, attempting to achieve their conspiratorial aims by taking advantage
of contradictions among the people to foment dissension and stir up disorder .

As far as sight could reach, I feasted my eyes on a vastness of infinite charm,

which presents itself in a profusion of color, in verdant luxuriance, in dulcet
warbling, in pervading perfume, in rippling undulation, in cataract sprays, in hilly
waves, in field crisscross and verily in vitality and variety .
in +adj. + n.

strike while the iron is hot

wall has ears
praise to the skies
pour oil on the flame


a drop in the ocean
spend money like water
laugh off one''s head
a black sheep

The president, being told of the strong earthquake in his country, was on
tenterhooks every minute.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, to
be on tenterhooks to be in a worried, anxious state of mind

We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire
nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with
conviction. We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation,
and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
be equipped with confidence and with conviction
embark on


play a part in facilitating the
reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation

Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.
Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.

Dynamic EquivalenceE. Nida

1. 2.
3

Dynamic
Functional Equivalence
P.18

 objets trouv s 1ost property Peter Newark 1981 P.

2
A. Neubert
865 trouv s
1ost objets property

Shall I compare thee to a summer''s day

P. Newmark822 BABEL

natural

Greet one another with a brotherly kiss Greet one

another with a holy kiss

R. Jakobson
Roman Jakobson in
ON TRANSLATION Harvard University Press 1959 P. 232

273
15


1989 21 24

refrigerantSeed of Snow

snow-mudsnow-mud

snow-mud Terrible thing!

 snow-mud

200012

A man is looking at the cow.

A cow is looking at the man.
A cowherd

He went to Shanghai yesterday.

Yesterday he went to Shanghai.

yesterday went

He has something important to tell you.

any, some , every, no


There is nothing wrong with this sentence.

The guests present at the meeting are from Shanghai.

present guest

This is the only reference book available here. -ible -able

every, the only,

He is the greatest poet alive . ( )

It was partly as a result of those economics that many of our most important
new projects in other fields become possible.

a new international economic order

an outstanding contemporary American writer

a little yellowragged beggar

their attempt to cross the river

the decimal system of counting

Britain was the first Western power to recognize the People''s Republic of
China.

Court Martial
Secretary General (of the U.N.)
the president elect

We warmly welcome you, advanced workers from various fronts, to the

conference.


This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital .
The college interviewed only two applicants for the job, Professor Brown and
me.

His book, Walden Pond, has been translated into Chinese.

He was very active in class

Modern science and technology are developing rapidly

He is running fast enough

Seeing this some of us became very worried

A jeep full sped fast drenching me in spray

He was born in Beijing on May 20 1970

1970 5 20

Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.
1949 12 8
She was born on December 8, 1949.
120
He lives at 120 Park Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City.

Please turn off the light when you leave.

I went out for a walk after I had my dinner

After I had my dinner I went out for a walk

He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vacation after

finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin

He studies English hard at home every night.

Professor Zhang is working with his two new assistants in the physical
laboratory at the moment.

***
Led by the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese people, united as one , are
engaged in the great task of building socialism.

He had to stay in bed because he was ill

Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.

I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made

Better take your umbrella in case it rains

That laser is a new light source is known to us .

It is good you are so considerate.
it

It is not your fault that this has happened. (
)
On and on Byron talked.

Never have nuclear reactions stopped inside the sun.

The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: not fast, not slow.

 right lesson
right

the iron and steel industry

the contradictions between ourselves and the enemy
food, clothing, shelter and transportation
north , south , east and west
south-west south-east

When the correspondent again opened his eyes, the sea and the sky were
each of the grey colour of the dawning.
of the dawning

11

***

1963


There are four seasons in a year.

Now, heat is being added to the substance.

At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.

High-quality machines of various types are produced in our country.

An automobile must have a brake with high efficiency.

Water has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.

62.4
This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.
2.7

A crystal receiver is a less complicated structure than a valve receiver.

Ice is not so dense as water and therefore it floats.


Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.

act, behave, feature, characterize, relate, load, conduct

Neutrons act differently from protons.

Water with salt conducts electricity very well.

have have

Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon.

The wings have controllable sections known as ailerons.

Solids have a shape independent of the container.

There are many people who want to see the film.

We are a nation that must beg to stay alive, said a foreign economist.


A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington
Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.

A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here.

His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.

care, need,
attention, emphasis, improvement
Care should be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and
dump.

There is a need for improvement in our experimental work.

The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be
cautious.

This explanation is against the natural laws.

We were on the supposition that they could improve the complex machine.


He shouted as he ran.

As the match burns, heat and light are given off.

When power is spoken of, time is taken into account.

Considerable use has been made of these data.

Mr Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.

10

How many electrons has a magnesium atom in its outer layer

Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.

Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.

11

 For nearly all substances the density gets smaller as the temperature is
raised.

In this world, things are complicated and are decided by many factors.

Throughout the world, oil consumption is growing rapidly.

12
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive
their families.

He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.

We should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of mechanics.

The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and

technology.

13

Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.

We went back to our hometown to pay respects to the deceased on the Pure
Brightness Day.

They welcomed the Irish guests with warm applause.

He drove his opponent into a defensive position.

The earthquake reduced all the houses to ruins.

14++

He asked me to teach him French.

We must keep the room clean and tidy.

What made you so excited?

15
You took me because I am useful .

Say what you may, I won''t change my mind.

He returned home after the sun had set.

1
2
3

But this naval competition strained the liberal Government''s principles as well as
their budgets
strain 2.
Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof
A spirited discussion springs up
between a young girl who insisted that women have outgrown the jumping-onthe-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and a colonel who says they haven''t.

1. The mo1ecules give up some

of their energy of motion to push the piston that does the work.
2.She was quite a child, perhaps seven or eight years
old slightly built with a pale small-featured face and a redundancy of hair
falling in curls to her waist Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre, CH. XI

1.
He was a big man with pale
face and scars that often showed among the wrinkles and a large unkempt
beard streaked with white 2 .
Her whole air is so distinguished ; she doesn''t take after her fathersonin-1aw of our Old Ancestress, but looks more like Chia.

The specification of Patent No. 1,012,052 describes and claims a body of

polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate--lead titanate-lead stannate composition falling within the area A B C E F of the triaxial diagram
1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one
substitutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements
having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the
elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution, and
a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units,
the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent
of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said
material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of
a particular one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen with
respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said
additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate
an equal number of valence units.

1012052
ld A B C E F

0.1%~5%

with respect to
33 12 6 1
2 and 7
describes and claims a body of
polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material
falling within the area...
containing at least one substitutional... composition
composition
ld A B C E F
http://education
.163.com/editor

1
The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child

The night was chillyit was early November A light drizzle added to my
discomfort

They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

2
She sat with her hands cupping her chin staring at a corner of the little
kitchen

I wrote four books in the first three yearsa record never touched before

The rain having ruined my hat , I had to buy a new one.

His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the

machinery

She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters
without success

The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules

With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best

Man''s warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without
some kind of warmth

We cannot see it clearly for the fog

The machine is working none the worse for its long service.

This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into

the classifications:
mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound.

I can hardly work with that noise going on.

Their power increased with their number.

Despite their differences , their love will conquer.

I found the house suddenly, and stood there with my heart beating fast and
tears coming to my eyes.

Then a cloud came over the moon, like a dark hand before a face.

3
It is much more convenient and, incidentally, cheaper to shave oneself at
home.

Striking through the thought of his dear ones was a sound he could neither
ignore nor understand.

It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.

Because the young man frequently came to the lady''s house, he was
regarded as the mistress''s lover.

The singing did not last very long. Soon, together with the sound of the flute,
it faded away in the darkness. ( )

1
He was very cleanHis mind was open


There are men here from all over the country Many of them are from the
South

I know a doctor. He is expert in curing stroke.

It is New Year''s Day. Go and see your father.

Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to
the front.

She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.

He laid special stress on the word this, but nobody appeared to understand
what he means. (.)

The summer before, he had sold his nineteen-year-old daughter Joy to an

army officer for two hundred silver dollars.

2
When I negotiateI get nervousWhen I get nervousI eat

When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people we are not merely

being polite

As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bank.

I am blest if I know.

3
It was in mid-August and the repair section operated under the blazing
sun

The time was 1030 and traffic on the street was light

Stir and you are a dead man.

With the sun right overhead now, the fields, the clumps of trees and the huts
were all picked out clearly on a vast, flat surface, brilliantly lit and still. (
)

They arrived at Yangji, the village where Liu Hong and his men had first met
Shen Mao''s group when they came from Zaozhuang. ( )

2
3

1 Herb may be dying somewhere calling out for his mum and
dad and only strangers around him.
Strangers
2 I dared him to
jump. dared 3You''re telling me
are telling 4 A true friend would have acted
differently. acted differently

1When the country calls you for help you can''t but go.
2. None but Jane could do this
crossword puzzle. 3 You can''t make an omelet
without breaking eggs.

understatement
l. As far
as 1ooks are concerned she isn''t anything special2.

Little Horse was not more than twelve or thirteen years old with a very lean
face.

Al1 music is alike to him The significance of these incidents

wasn''t lost on us
static verb dynamic verbis in
falls on

One the same subjects

get a good scolding

take a bad beating

affective meaning
oh, ah,
wel1 dear me goodness
love admire worship
hate disfavour , abominate
-y -ie daddy dad
auntie a unt girlie girl dearie ( de ar) -1ing
weakling underling hireling
-ster -eer -ard -art
gangster profiteer drunkard braggart

anarchism fascism hegemony

human rights patriotic mother
1and
slim thin skinny
bachelor girl single woman old maid spinster
China

sea

 P.46

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.

In the United States, guns are available to everyone.

You can obtain this information on the Internet.

This information is accessible/available on the Internet.

Suddenly he had a new idea.

He suddenly thought out a new idea.
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.

He still could not understand me.

Still he failed to understand me.

She can hardly be rated as a bright student.

She is anything but a bright student.

Please withhold the document for the time being.

1. 2. 3.

Please tender exact fare.
That''s a thing that might happen to anyone.

He''s still in bed.

But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films
which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art".

To criticize it (intelligence test) for such failure is roughly comparable to

criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
such failure
"An intelligence test does not measure character, social
adjustments ...",
He was absent from his own country last year.

We may safely say so.

Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with
dignity.


The decision has to come.

If it worked once, it can work twice.

The child can walk without any help now.

Law is no respecter of persons .

Just to have a word with Old Wang. I won''t be long .

beyond,
past against ....
It is past repair
There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet

Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary
optical telescopes

off, from
The boat sank off the coast.

but except besides

Copper is the best conductor but silver

The molecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total
number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
C6H14
fromin
An iron case will keep the Earth''s magnetic field away from the compass

The signal was shown about the machine being order.

nonot
dishonest, impossible, indirect
miss the bus( ) live up
to the Party''s expectations( ) be absent from the meeting(
) a final decision( ) (be) at a loss ( )

gas mask( ) riot police( ) crisis law(

)

In fact, the willingness to experiment is one of the most striking features of

China today, and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security.

security insecurity


I won''t keep you waiting long.
Isn''t it funny!
You will try to tide me over, won''t you? Won''t I!

In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if
smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.

The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the

necessary mode of working of the human mind.

It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.

I am not so sick but I can come to sit for the exam.

The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.

You cannot attach too much importance to the matter.

He is no less clever than his brother.

The man over there is none other than our principal.

No spitting !

The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time.

Don''t lose time in posting this letter.

Such flights couldn''t long escape notice .

Keep quiet.

His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation .

Wet paint.

Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid.

But for her help, I should have failed.

His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.


He evidently thinks otherwise.

I want a pencil instead of a pen.

Hardly anybody likes him, because he is too selfish.

He was the last man to say such things.

The African people refuse to be intimidated and taken in.

Friction neglected , the output will be equal to the input.

1
2
3

three unities trinity decathlon
Group of 77Seven Wonders of the World
Three Principles of the People Three
Kingdoms five agents Five Noble Truths Five
Blessings the Four Books the Five Classics the
Eight Immortals Three-Anti Campaign Gang of
Four

 compact expression

the
seven gifts of the Holy Ghost the seven dead1y sins
Brewer''s Dictionary Phrase and Fable
wisdom understanding counsel,fortune
knowledge righteousness fear of the Lord pride wrath envy
lust gluttony avarice sloth the seven
virtues the seven principal virtues faith hope.
Charity, justice, fortitude prudence temperance supernatural
virtues the theological virtues Christian virtues Plato''s
Cardinal virtues natural virtues
Peter Newmark As a last resort the
explanation is the translation

He offered, in effecta variant of the one country two systems solution

which China is offering the people of Hong Kong. The Times, P 3 Oct 6
1989

He has consistently advancing the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

as the norms of establishing a new world political and economic order. Beijing
Review P20Nov.20 261989

To ensure a correct direction for the modernization drive he raised the

question of adhering to the four cardinal principles in clear-cut terms

adherence to the socialist road, the people''s democratic dictatorship the

Communist Party leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought
Tr.)

The output of autumn grains is expected to be lower in some areas of three

Northeast China provinces (Jilin Liaoning and Heilunjiang provinces and north
China. (Beijing Review p.16 Nov. 27-Dec.3 1989)

1989 12 3 five passes

the policy of burn all kill al1 1oot all

1979 10

1990 3

1
Unique local creations are available in their own cities such as and
Xi''an''s three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures.

of the Tang
Dynasty
2
Our ancestors lived and multiplied in this area as long as 4,000 years ago

3 Carcassonne

I opened the little box to find four fresh fish in it There was ice a11 round
them. Since the ice was melting water ran through the cracks on the box It
was clear that Prof Careassonne had placed ice in it for fear that the fish would
go bad during the delivery. ( )

1997 73 75

Do you speak English in New Zealand?

One is never too old to learn.

If you can pardon me, I''ll turn over a new leaf.

If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.

Still primed by all the wine, Wu Song continued climbing the ridge. Before he
had gone another half li he came upon a Mountain Spirit Temple.

The speaker made no mention of this point elsewhere in his report.

2 there be it is

In short, there are two aspects, not just one.

There must be less empty talk and more hard work.

There was no sound but that of gunfire.

There are a cigar-box and a fan on the table.

It is snowing.

It is five miles from here to the Summer Palace.

12
It is half past twelve now.

It is a pleasure to meet you.

3

Please open the window.

Sing different songs on different mountains.

Be steady in doing your work; be resolute in correcting your mistakes.

4

By the river stands a forest of oaks.

On the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also lay the morning newspaper.

On both sides of the avenue were students to welcome the guests.

5

The quality of the products must be guaranteed.

A hospital will be built here.

Practically no scientific experiments have yet been made on this question.

A landing craft could be seen tied up nearby.

Two starving pandas were rescued last month.


Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.

Eight hours'' sleep must be guaranteed.

Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of

the protagonist''s own interior conflictthe clash of his desireshis own strength
against his own weakness.

extra- position apposition

Jane Austen, she was a novelist. Jane Austen

To take such things seriously , that is what I should never do.

The unification of our country, the unity of our people and the unity of our

various nationalities these are the basic guarantees for the sure triumph of
our cause.

Fierce-browed, I coldly defy a thousand pointing fingers; head bowed, like a
willing ox, I serve the children. that was Lu Xun''s attitude and that was the
position he took.
2

He not only wants to excel he does excel. That''s not easy.

The imperialists have many institutions of aggression like schools and

colleges, hospitals and churches. These must all be taken over by the Chinese.

In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and

thorough investigation and study. This is the process of analysis.
3 it

It is sheer irresponsibility to pick up the pen and force ourselves to write

without investigation or study.

It''s no good for us to shut ourselves up in a room, remaining ignorant and

uninformed.

It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms.

 We consider it not only possible but necessary to pay due regard to the
language peculiarities of the original work and at the same time make the version
in the purest possible Chinese.
4 of ,as for , as to, as regards

I could stay for one or two days, but as for staying for a week, it would be out
of the question.

Of the people who hankered after those ways , some have fallen, some have
awakened and some are changing their ideas.

As for the remaining imperialist economic and cultural establishments, they

can be allowed to exist for the time being, subject to our supervision and control,
to be dealt with by us after country-wide victory.
5

Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible

is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the
destiny and future of our country.

He has bought a refrigerator, a television and a tape-recorder.

The general trend of events and the will of the people had become irresistible.

For a relatively long period ahead, the focus of our work is to realize the four
modernizations.

The material conditions are factories, railways, fire-arms, artillery, and the
like.

***
In China, the Communist Party was born, an epoch-making event.

Those who can be split off from the enemy camp should be won over,
educated and helped.

1
2
3
4


123 124 125

123
124
125
126
126

127 128 129 130

127

128
129

130

131 132
133 134 135
131
132

133


134

135

131
132 133
134

one redone
one
1980
do 1968

136

137
137
so
138



P.165-167

As the manager of the performance sits before the curtain on the boards
and 1ooks into the Fair a feeling of profound melancholy comes over him in his
survey of the bustling place. There is a great quantity of eating and drinking

The four men huddled
there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They would not move

A man trying to see a single atom would be some what like a
man trying to see a single drop of water in the ocean while flying many miles
above it He would see the results of a great many drops of water having
coming together. But he certainly would not be able to see a single drop of water.

results


referencesubstitution(ellipsis)(conjunction)
lexicalcohesion
1

Mrs Thatcher has resigned. She announced her decision this morning. she
her Mrs Thatcher

Mrs. Thatcher has resigned. This delighted her opponents.(This Mrs.

Thatcher has resigned. )

It had been damaged; when he lifted it , he heard something clink feebly

inside. He set it back on the ground.

it

To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, the government means

the cabinet: a group of the legislature''s own members, chosen by it to devise
public policies, to manage the legislature''s major activities, and to exercise
executive powers.

it it cabinet,
it legislature

1957 7.8 6.6

5.8

The section at Badaling was restored in 1957, and it is typical in its structure,.
It is 7.8 metres high on an average, 6.6 metres wide at the bottom, and 5.8
metres wide on the top.

it

1909 1926
1930 1949

Ke Ling was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1909. He is a modern
Chinese writer. His first writing, a narrative poem, The Woman Weaver appeared
in 1926. He was one of the editors of Children Times from 1930 onwards. Before
1949 he was all along engaged in editorial work in newspaper offices and took an
active part in activities of film and modern drama in Shanghai. After liberation he
filled the post of deputy editor-in-chief of Wenhuibao for a period. He is at present
adviser of Shanghai Film Bureau.

he
2

My axe is too blunt. I must get a sharper one.

one axe one axe

A: I''ll have two poached eggs.

B: I''ll have the same.

A:
B: /
the same two poached eggs.

A: Do you think he''ll come tomorrow?

B: Yes, I think so ./ No, I think not.

/
so he''ll come, not he''ll not come,

Mary ate an apple and Jane (ate) a pear.

ate ,

Here are thirteen cards. Take any (card). Now give me any three (cards) .

A: Is Jenny coming to the party ?

B: Yes, she is.
coming.

If he finds it , she will send it to you.

How about a couple of eggs?

(I) Can''t eat a thing.

(Are you) Dizzy?

(I am) Just a bit (dizzy).
( )

Do you want some?

)
3

If you confer a benefit, never remember it, if you receive one , remember it
always.
if,

Even if you go there, there won''t be any result.

When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long

time.

when
if when
I couldn''t think much of John after he had done a thing like that.

after

From the gossip that I heard, it seemed that Kong Yiji had studied the classics
but never passed the official examinations and , not knowing any way to make a
living, he had grown steadily poorer until he was almost reduced to beggary.

How could you, when you knew that this might hurt her?

The monk may run away, but the temple can''t run with him.

If you give up the pass, I may spare your life; if you delay, I will grind your
bones to powder and make mincemeat of it.
if
4

What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness .

This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness. Such impressiveness usually
takes the form of a truly grandiose realism.

inner emptiness this

impressiveness such
impressiveness
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for
delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament , is in discourse; and for
ability , is in the judgment and disposition of business
,

Extending into the river was stone jetty, and beside it Li''s boat was moored.
The boat was surrounded by thickly growing water lilies . Many purple flowers
were in blossom. The leaves pressed against the prow.

Of all my friends , those I have known since childhood are most worthy of
remembrance. They are few in number. Some of them live far away and we
seldom have opportunity to see each other. Some of them are older than I am,
and some a few years younger. But all of us are in late mid-life.

1
2
3

C. W. Morris l901

All is silent The coffin is closed

and carried s1ow1y down the stairway through the corridors and out into
the windswept streets. Outside a sea of faces Fluttering red banners against
a background of snow It is the coldest day they say since 1812 but the
people have stood in the streets all night
1812
Lenin''s Death

I bought a Ford. The car in which President Wilson rode down the
Champs Elysees was black. Black English has been widely discussed. The
discussions between the presidents ended last week. A week has seven days.

A: Could you give me a lift home?

B: Sorry, I''m visiting my sister.
A :
B:
A B A B B
A
A: There''s the doorbell.
B: I''m in the bath.
A: Ok
A:
B:
A:
.

A: I''m rather short of cash at the moment!

B: Oh, I''m sure they accept credit cards here.
A:
B:

A B B A
A
2

 , , ,
, ,
, ,

A: Are you going to work tomorrow?

B: I''m on jury duty.
A:
B:
, .
B

I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.

A: Shall we go for a walk?

B: Could I take a rain check on that?
A:
B:
(rain check)

A: Shall we go for a walk?

B: It''s raining.
A:
B:

A: Can you drive ?

B: Is Pope Catholic ?
A:
B:
B

The river had been dry for a long time. Everyone attended the funeral.

If a river has been dry for a long

time, then a river spirit has died. When a spirit dies there is a funeral. The river
had been dry for a long time.
3

:
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet, black bough.

1expand a text

2delete information

1
2

The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck.
The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its
reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks . The blotches ran well down the
sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy

fish on the cords . But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as
erosions in a fishless desert.

10 5 5

blotches scars
Blotches

Scars
erosions

From where he swung lightly against his oars he looked down into the water
and saw the tiny fish that were coloured like the trailing filaments (E.
Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea )

...
fish

1993 65-67

Wait a moment moment be of little moment

moment moment of inertia moment

It''s getting hot in

here 1.
2. 3
4

my book my books
There are books
on the table.

China''s Panda Reserves

Ladies and gentlemen

Flowers bloom all over the yard.

The lion is the king of animal s.

Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.

woods trousers clothes goods

a sheep two sheep

a deer two deer
a fish two fish

fruits fishes peoples

a piece of news ( a news)

a set of furniture ( a furniture)
a piece of chalk ( a chalk)

The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history.
annals

For better (athletic) records and sportsmanship.

I am from Fuzhou.
You are from Fuzhou.
She is from Fuzhou.
They are from Fuzhou.

The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the

economic reform in the rural area.( )

Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in

our country.

Every means has been tried but without much result. means

Much of this data is conclusive.

Many of these data are conclusive.

20
That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.

Those Japanese are visitors to our university.

 Japanese

The Tales of Ancient China was written by that old professor.

The audience was excited by the excellent show.

audience

He is a teacher. ( )

I am his teacher.( )

The teacher likes him. ( )

Who are you?

Whom are you speaking to?


Whose umbrella is this?

We love our motherland.

He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said
nothing.

John is in his fifties.

''s s
'' of
yesterday''s lesson
my father''s room
the fox''s tail
Hemingway''s novels
Engels'' works
somebody''s friend
the man in the corner''s hat
the colour of the book
a question of theory
the capital of our country

at Mary''s
the butcher''s
St. Paul''s

1
2
3

1991 6 1
1994 7 5
1992 10

50 50

22 32 35 37 40 43

972

I had known two great social systems.

I had never thought I''d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But

this time I was.

The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.

He has been working for two years.

This attractive black and white mammal has widespread human appeal and
has

become

symbol

for

conservation

efforts

both

within

China

and

internationally as the symbol of The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
WWF

Species like this mountain rhododendron were collected by 19 th century

botanists and then transported back to Europe for horticultural collections.
19
19
The sun rises in the east.


He is working in Beijing now.

Mr. Lin was and still is my teacher.

I shall have got married to Mr. Huang this day next year

I wrote two letters this morning.

this morning ,

Keep it for yourself.

I am loving her very much.

I love her very much.
love
I am
hating him. I am liking apples.

She is possessing a house.
She possesses a house.


She is having tow dogs.
She has two dogs.
possess have

I am seeing flowers.
I am looking at flowers.

"see"
"look" "see" "look"

I am hearing the radio.

I am listening to the radio.
"hear" "listen"
"hear" "listen"

We will have completed the work before you come.

"You will come" "You come"

I had taken my supper when he arrived.

Please take a smell at the milk.

Give the enemy a taste of our shells.

It''s necessary to have a check-up.

You two have an exchange of views.

Let him have a try on the coat.

Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays

Evolution

(Parrish)

1988


1 She read the letter again
and again now fully aware of the significance of the message his unusual
request and a real condescension. A
B

request condescension significance

message A B
B
significance 2 I had
been delayed by someone who had come to see me and was a trifle late A
B
was a trifle late A 3
In the British system of collective cabinet responsibility a minister
is accountable to his colleagues in the government and in the Parliament for the
function he directs. A
B
A and in Parliament
accountable accountable ( to for )
collleagues B

Ramsden

Jevons

Guiatti

Gruenther

trans1ation aesthetics

1988 84 109 111

(F.Bacon)
Of Studies
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for
ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of
a scholar.

It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and
butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of
bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silence at all, but motions,
stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.

Jane''s uncle is an old fox , up to all kinds of evils.

She is t he prettiest girl in the world.

His wife spent all her life on the stage.

the stage

April, April,
Laugh thy girlish laughter.

. Having shoveled *** for some of the great men of Washington for almost
twenty years, he was still little better than an enlisted man , the eternal snuffy,
paid to take out the garbage, thrown a couple of bills by the fat cats in their
thousand-dollar suits.

 Having shoveled *** he

fat cats

He gave his life; life was all he could give.

Just as dark clouds can''t hide the sun so no lies can cover up the fact.

How long have you been staying here? Cheng Gang avoided using that
terrible phrase locked up.
Ever since I was a baby

According to the official write-ups in the papers, he''s the best man in the
world. He doesn''t have a single defect in his whole body. Why, he doesn''t even
have a belly-button.

Day after day and year after year they fought and lived stubbornly in the
wild mountains and forests
after in
to upon with and hyphen

Trust me not at all or all in all. ( )

When the cat''s away , the mice will play.

The ship plows the sea.

Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.

With their heavy winter clothing changed for lighter spring wear they could
leap or crouch down much more freely and nimbly.

''
I''m incapable of running things. I''m too ignorant, blunt and tactless, always
getting hold of the wrong end of the stick. And I''m so soft-hearted, anyone can
get round me.
get hold of

the wrong end of the stick

Everyone was as pleased as though a festival was approaching, and set about
getting ready for it.

(festival)
He made money fly.

Up shot the rocket into the sky.

He came home safe and sound.

We have enrolled every local Cicero.

This young couple is not well matched, one is a Xi Shi a famous Chinese
beauty, while the other is a Zhang Fei a well-known ill-tempered brute.

This session has also decided to propose to the National People''s Congress
the deletion of the provision in Article 45 of the Constitution concerning the si da ,
that is , speaking out freely, airing one''s views fully, writing big-character posters
and holding great debates.

Si da: This is a shorthand way of

referring to the provision in Article 45 of the Constitution of 1978 concerning
speaking out freely, airing one''s views fully, writing big-character posters and
holding great debates. Since in Chinese each of these expressions contains the
character da or big, they have come to be known as the si da , or four bigs.

11933-1954
Artsruni, GeorgeTrojanskiP.P.
1933
1946 (Weaver,
Warren) BoothA.D. 1947

1950 E 1954
IBM
2 1954-1966
3 1966-

1976

1966
41976- 1976 3

PC

1000
PC 20 PC

10
ALPAC

MT machine translation mad translation

Hutchins
50

20

1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

www.how-net.com

50

http://tech.sina
.com.cn 2000/07/06
machine translation (MT)

30

50

70
90 CPU

1976
TAUM-METEO
6 30

 1500 2000 TAUM-METEO

1956 /
863 10
70
80 90

KY-1

863-IMT

MT-IR-EC

10 7
()

90

PC

(Direct Translation)(Interlingual approach)

(Transfer approach)

()

bank
cool

25 50 500 1000

Toss fish slices with marinade ingredients. Place fish in center of a platter.
Arrange daikon and carrot shreds around fish. Scatter fresh and pickled ginger,
the pickled scallions, lime leaves, chiles, green onions and cilantro over fish.

Sprinkle with peanuts and sesame seeds.

Just before serving, squeeze the lime or lemon juice over all. It is customary
for everyone to join in and toss the salad. Using chopsticks, each diner digs from
the bottom of the salad and lifts the ingredients to mix together.
DAIKON
CHILES
CILANTRO

lime

Prepare a saturated solution of sugar.

solution

Telescopes are housed in large buildings called observatories.

do, have

Welcome to the world of computer telecommunications.

Water quality has improved in many ways .

What''s the temperature at the sun ''s center ?

sun''s sun is
''s is''s

Zh Zh is fixed on Nan Ping of Fujian and works.

Zhang
Wending works in Nanping of Fujian.

If there is no sunshine to shine, there are no trees on the earth.

If the sun didn''t shine on the earth, there would be no trees. )

Fujian cuisine represented by Foochow cuisine , It is one of eight major

famous dish in the whole country.

Fujian cuisine represented by Fuzhou cuisine is one of

eight famous cuisines in China.


95%

www.netat.net

Internet

PC

Internet

1
2
3

here, therewhere
hereto, herein hereunder hereinabove thereon therein
thereat, therethrough whereby wherein, whereof wherefor whereupon

"construction"
"exp1anation ""exposition"
"interpretation"

"interpretation"
In case of any divergence of interpretationsthe English text shal1
prevai1. 2

John Smith J.S initialed text

referendum contract3
litigant
litigant participant,
authority of 1egal body corporate power power
4.
parties to the venture
to of to
by means of according to in terms
of

Li Ming has not been punished according to the criminal law during
his living in China. not to be punished during
commit an offence against the criminal law Li
Ming has no record of committing offence against the criminal law.
during his residence in China residence

JD. J.D. ?

 J.D. Juris Doctor Juris Dector

1 Juris Doctor the first or lowest professional degree in legal education
Cochran''s Law Lexicon
Juris Doctor
professional degree academic
degree J D.
the first the 1owest
J D
LL.M. Master
0f Laws JD.
LL.M. JD.
JD.
J.S.D. S J D.
2JSD.Doctor of Juristic Science Latin Juris Scientiae Doctor The
World Book Dictionary 3 S J D. Doctor of Juridica1 Science Latin
Scientae Juridicae Doctor ibid
J.D.

1
XX XX 60

Yu XX, this court has made a judgment of divorce between you and Wang XX.
You are requested to receive the judgment at this court within sixty days starting

from the publishing date of this announcement. Otherwise, the verdict would be
deemed to have been served.
request, deem

Modification, dissolution or termination of a contract does not deprive a party

of the right to claim for damage.
Modification, dissolution or termination

The Government of the People''s Republic of China has decided to resume the
exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997.

XXX XXX XXX

In accordance with the stipulations of THE LAW OF THE PEOPLE''S REPUBLIC

OF CHINA ON JOINT VENTURES USING CHINESE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT and
other related laws and rules, and on the basis of mutual benefit, XXX of the
People''s Republic of China (PRC) and XXX of XXX, both agree to establish a joint
venture enterprise with joint investment and hereby sign this contract.

hereby

Where products are imported at prices lower than its normal value, thereby
causing substantial damage or threat of substantial damage to the relevant
domestic

industries

already

established,

or

substantially

hindering

the

establishment of relevant domestic industries, the State may take necessary

measures to eliminate or reduce such damage or threat of damage or hindrance.


Li Ming has no record of committing offences against the criminal law during
his residence in China. (
)
2

Against all liabilities, claims, demands, proceedings, costs or expenses of

whatsoever nature which may be made or brought against or incurred by the
lesser by reason of any loss, injury, death or damage caused or claimed to be
caused to any person or of any loss of or damage to property occasioned by or
arising or claimed to be occasioned or to arise directly or indirectly out of the
manufacture,

delivery,

presence,

possession,

provision,

operation,

use,

installment, removal, transportation, replacement or repair of the goods and

whether arising or claimed to arise out of defects in the goods or by reason of the
goods infringing or being claimed to infringe any patent, copyright, confidential
information of other intellectual property rights."

by reason of

Article 33 The State shall , in light of the needs for the development of foreign
trade , set up and improve financial institutions in service of foreign trade and
establish development fund and risk fund for foreign trade .

Export Contract
This Contract is entered into this 5 th day of August, 1993 between ABC
Trading Co. Ltd (hereinafter called Seller) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading
Co. Ltd (hereinafter called Buyer) who agrees to buy the following goods on the
following terms and conditions.

ABC XYZ
1993 8 5

hereinafter, terms
and conditions
3
Mr.Foster died domiciled in England

domicile

England

Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under
the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of
all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.

prejudice
harm done to someone


In case of any divergence of interpretations, the English text shall prevail.
construe explanation exposition
interpretation interpretation

Royalties arising in a Contraction State and paid to a resident of the other

Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.
fee of special
permitted right

royalty

All the activities of a joint venture shall comply with the provision of the laws,
decrees and pertinent regulations of the People''s Republic of China.
comply withto act in
accordance with a provision, rule, demand observe, obey, abide by,
comply with

John Smith
J.S initialed text
referendum contract

180

In case the consequences of a force majeure event affect the contract

execution for more than 180 days, the parties shall convene and reach an

agreement upon the further execution of the contract,

. .
in case the consequences of
This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and
Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.

The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its

attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.
11 12

This Treaty shall be signed in a single original in the English, Arabic, Chinese,
French, Russian and Spanish languages, all texts being equally authentic.
shall will
1960 10 3
This is to certify that Zhang San (male, born on October, 3, 1960) is now
unmarried.
Zhang San
(male, born on October, 3, 1960): present marital status is unmarried.

Li Ming has not been punished according to the criminal law during his living
in China.

not to be punished during

commit an offence against
the criminal law, Li Ming has no record of committing offences
against the criminal law during his
residence in China, residence living,

The right of interpretation for the Detailed Rules and Regulations belongs to
the Ministry of Finance of the People''s Republic of China.

the right of

interpretation for the Detailed Rules and Regulations

the right of interpreting the Detailed Rules and Regulations
belong to belong to
. reside in The
power of decision resides in the higher authorities

news headline
1

45

1996 9 28 Foreign Experts Awarded Medals China

DailySept281996
2
midget words ban interdict
restrain back support


1996.11.25
State Eliminates Illegal Banking
China DailyNov251996

19961016
Pivotal Commodity Fair OpenChina DailyOct161996
3

1990923
China Sweeps First Day Golds Asiad Opening Ceremony Draws Millions of
Viewers. China Dai1y Sept. 241990

19961018
Foundation Honors 53 Scientists
(China Dai1y Oct181996
2
(19961119
China Backs Ghali UN Re-election China Daily Nov.191996

1996124
US, Japan Conclude Okinawa Base Deal
(China DailyDec41996
4

1996 11 18 Women Spikers Win Super Title

(China Daily, Nov181996

(news value)

6879
6879

6
199672
Li Shoots Nation''s 6th Gold China''s Li Duihong won the women''s 25
meter sport pistol O1ympic gold with a total of 6879 points early this morning
Beijing time. China Dai1y July271996

Chinese
writers Ba Jin and Lao She the capital city of Beijing
the largest industrial city of Shanghai
1995 376 382

news story news report

In
provincial towns like Shadrisk there is a real vacuum of other information.
vacuum

A free kick by
Uruguayan star forward Paz in the 20th minute forced Co1ombia to take the
offensive and Sarmiento headed home an equaliser in the 40th minute
20
40

JulesVerne Claire Lee

Chennau1t

(who)what
whenwherewhyhow

: Whitewatergate

 watergate whitewater
Wi-Fi pre-emptive re-employment project
online bookstore high scores and low abilities Tang
suit South-to-North water diversion export-oriented
economy :fat
cat eat crow dark
horse paper tiger, the four tigers of Asia
tiger glasnot
sputnik ying ,yang,wok
WTO,SARS,APEC

fired

selected

out

poor

people

underprivileged/disadvantaged

4400

China is home to one of the world''s most diverse populations of wild animals
with its 4,400 species of vertebrates, accounting for over 10 percent of the worldwide total.

At a recent conference, many in the audience pricked up their ears when Pat
Gelsinger,

Intel''s

chief

technology

officer

and

head

of

research,

began

passionately complaining on stage about U.S. technology competitiveness.

Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder''s left-of-center coalition returned to power by

a very narrow margin in parliamentary elections on September 23, following a
campaign in which Schroeder''s repeated refusal to support a possible U.S. attack
on Iraq became a central issue.
9 23

The Computer Institution of the Chinese Academy of Science has developed

China''s first universally- applied CPU, which they''re calling the "Dragon Chip" .
The chip is being used in the "Soaring Dragon" , China''s very first server using
the Dragon Chip. The birth of " Dragon Chip" is considered a landmark on the
road for the development of national sci-tech industry.

United States authorities confirmed on October 12 that a latest deadly

shooting was linked to nine other sniper attacks in the Washington D.C. area.
Since October 2, eight people have been killed and two wounded by an obscure
gunman in Washington D.C. and the neighboring areas in Maryland and Virginia.
10 12 9
10 2 8

Aiming at improving the state sector of the economy as a whole, we shall

effectuate a strategic reorganization of state-owned enterprises by well managing
large enterprises while adopting a flexible policy towards small ones.

Most information we get through that channel.

 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with green hills and
deep caves of enchanting beauty.

The governments at all levels should strengthen their leadership in these

reforms and do a solid job of propelling the reform forward.

It enjoys a temperate climate with well-marked seasons and has plenty of

rainfall and sunshine, favourable for growing crops.

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the status of a free
port and separate customs territory.

an independent customs territory

separate

Some localities and departments even went so far as to disobey orders and
defy prohibitions.

Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency

365


365

Shotgun Death Riddle Drama

Dayton Accord Reached

(midget words) accord agreement

WHO Ranks France First in Providing Health Care

WHO= World Health Organization

Comment: Keep a cool head while fighting SARS


Japanese carmaker loses suit

Jones Planned to Kill Carter?

17
17 Chinese students missing in Moscow fire

Winewomanship

Ballot, Not Bullet

Tokyo''s Own Gang of Four

Overlapping
escalift escalator lift

ADP
automatic data processing IC integrated circuit

Clipping laboratory lab

laser to lase Coinage quark

1985 311 316

1

2
IPA
3

Mig Pumi
4

portmanteau words

20

5 6
1985 316 320

Do you know that the bee navigates by polarized light and the fly controls its
flight by its back wings?

polarized light,
polar light

Plastics was at first based on coal and wood.

base

Iron and brass are base metals.

2 base 3 base

Power can be transmitted over a long distance.

power
The fourth power of three is eighty-one.
3 4 81

power
Other things being equal, copper heats up faster than iron.

Things

In 24 hours the heart in a human body receives and pumps out some 1000
quarts of blood.
24 1000

receives and pumps

The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.

At one time it was thought that all atoms of the same element were exactly

alike.

Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson call the useful trouble of the
rain .

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.

Zhang Heng also created the world''s first meteorological instrument

anemograph. He made a pointing-south cart with a wooden figure always pointing
southward no matter what direction the cart was moving in. The cart has since
been lost.
2 3

The heat loss can be considerably reduced by the use of firebricks round the
walls of the boiler.
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss
can be considerably reduced.
by+

A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.

 A
direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction.

The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.

The results obtained must be checked.

It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and
interacting.
Itthat

Computer may be classified as analog and digital.

as

150 words 100 words

"It is reported","Extensive investigations show that ", "The author

discusses", "This paper concerned with" (Background

Information)
at a temperature of 250 to 300 at 250-300 ;
(Title)
"Power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined from data
obtained experimentally", "From data obtained experimentally, power
consumption of telephone switching systems was determined".
"The structure of dislocation core in Gap was
investigated by weak-beam electro microscope. The dislocations are dissociated

into two Shokley partial with separations of (80+10) and (40+10) A in the pure
edge and screw cases respectively.

This paper presents a thorough study of the input/output stability theory of

relay pulse senders.
-
This paper discusses the relation between the sampling period and the
stability of sampled-data.

This paper proposes (develops, extends) a new approach for the analysis of
tolerance.

This paper concludes that the new method for selecting the sampling period is
desirable.

The purpose of this article is to explore the measurement for weak magnetic
fields present in the human body.

It is suggested that some basic steps be taken in order to convert from

manual calculation to the use of programmed calculators.

The author describes the techniques of open-loop vibrational control.

Brown 1
2
3

Brown, Gillian, 1990. Cultural Values: The Interpretation of

Discourse, in ELT Journal , 44/1:17
1993 1
Granet
''

have
Have you seen my brother
Yes I have. No I haven''t.

1984

Here I''ll
give my viewpoint. a.
b c.
d.
I my give viewpoint here
give

Sino-Tibetan Language Family IndoEuropean Language Family

+ +

ideopgraphic , (alphalbetic)

tone language intonation

language m m m m

syllabletimed
stresstimed

water

rainbow
aunt, granny, length, hardness, quilt,
courtyard
light
white eye

to be,to have
Are you a teacher?

+ What are you doing?

Are you going to cinema or to
theatre?
He is your teacher, isn''t he?
1.
2

3
4

Is this book yours?

She has not gone to town, has she?

Can''t you walk a little faster?

Give it to me. Don''t move!

How funny it is!

What a pity!
parataxis
hypotaxis

topic-prominent subject-prominent

19
1897
10 1990 3
16
comma

.

__
'' /

1
3

20


eraser
rubber rubber
150

Susan Bassnett


1
kowtow
privacy
How do you do? Lovely day, isn''t it
My god. story

beat hit
propaganda
politics individualism liberalism

dog, dragon, owl,

rose pine, plum

bay bay
horse

[] [] [](0)

[ 13 ] fuzhigang - 2004-04-16 12:53 - []

breakfast lunch supper

My cousin is older than I. , cousin

2
The fish always stinks from the head

downwards.
Look before you leap.

Don''t know, Captain, but it sounds like Grace is in there talking to her boss
at NIS. She mentioned killing off the investigation. Sounds to me like some
serious circling of wagons has been going on.

 circling of wagons

If a woman marries a chicken, she should act

like a chicken; if she marries a dog, she should act like a dog. (Fox Butterfield
Alive in the Bitter Sea p.162) I am a
lone monk walking the world with a leaky umbrella.

The light-some dragon-boats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle
in the Milk Way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage.
The splendent awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a
fairyland or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying
about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the
fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling
are the lantern-dancers, who present you a variation of exquisite manner. Over
there the motorboats are plowing the water, thus a tide stirs up. Over there, the
marksmen are shooting to their targets, thus colorful beads whirl around.
Therefore, we should say that this is a city of no light; and its Dragon Boat
Festival a gathering of heroes.

Brevity is the soul of wit. A proper word in a proper place

is good English.

 Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the
ravine. The trees are in their greenest in spring when intensified by colourful
flowers. In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lakelands. As summer
merges into autumn, the maples trees turn fiery red. Splashing color through the
thick forest hillsTranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.

He is good to me.

successfully convened,

thoroughly smash
impractical illusion
an unfortunate tragedy

The idea of saving energy should be promoted to the general public.

1 The Chinese government took all possible eventualities into account

when it made this policy decision.
2 The Chinese government took all eventualities into account when it
made this policy decision.
1 possible, eventuality
something that may occur, 2

WASHINGTON(Reuters) - Know your way around a lock? Then the CIA wants
you: "The Central Intelligence Agency is seeking locksmiths to work with the best
minds in the country while performing a mission critical to our nation," the CIA
said in a recent job posting on its website, www.cia.gov .
Locksmiths, who in spy agency lingo are called technical opera-tions officers,
are needed for such tasks as to "familiarize non-technical people with technical
capabilities; do hands-on work; and travel worldwide."
Skill in making lock parts is an asset for prospective CIA lock-smiths. "Knowledge
of electronic and manual safe lock servicing, electricity, and alarms is ideal.
Knowing how to operate machinery to fabricate lock parts and tools will be
beneficial," the CIA job posting said.
()
()-,
,
www.cia.gov
,

CIA

()
The Bible has played a very important role during the development of English.
It has signficant impact on the formation of the English vocabulary and English
idioms. People quote the Bible almost everywhere during their daily work and life.

An American lexicologist once said that it is hard to imagine one can learn English
well without reading the Bible. We are not discussing whether what he said was
true or not. However we are on the YES side about the Bible''s contribution to the
language.

If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death", they must
believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age
is rarely called untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the
passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the
measure of that life was still to be taken.
History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls
those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and
complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only
half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea
that the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the
impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.
()

26

2001 7
37.8 7170.1 3728.3
1-7 1.4
18.2% 402.9 45.8%
242.1 21.7%
()
FDI absorption constitutes an important component of China''s basic state
policy of reform and opening up. As the reform and opening up going into depth

over the past two decades and more, China has been constantly improving its FDI
utilization in terms of scale and quality. As of the end of July 2001, China had
cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a contractual
value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83 billion had been actually paid
in.
China has maintained a good momentum in its FDI attraction since this year.
January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested enterprises were approved to
establish, 18.2% higher than the corresponding period of last year, the
contractual value of foreign investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and
the actually utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it
always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of
companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It
always receives us with the same kindness: amusing and instructing us in youth,
and comforting and consoling us in age.
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting
products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is
of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first
passed through their authors'' minds ages ago. What was then said and thought
still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time
has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive
but what is really good.
()

Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. Driving
southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the

present era. For the next 1,800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing
slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards
wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the fields, rising in
dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts. The
road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing
a black line separating them from the desert.
()

()
The most important holiday in China is the Lunar New Year. Since it is based
on the lunar calendar, it comes about a month later than the Western New Year.
The Chinese New Year season traditionally lasts about a month . The period has
now been reduced to a week or less. There are some parallels with the Western
New Year: houses are cleaned thoroughly, for instance, and families all get
together for the festivities. All debts must be paid off so that new year can be
started with a fresh beginning. Feasts are enjoyed with family and friends, and
there are lively dragon and lion dances in the streets. Everywhere there is the
sound of fire cracker explosions. Children receive gifts of little red envelopes with
money inside them.