Lecture 1, part 2

September 13th

Oxidation Continued
In the presence of the stronger oxidizing agent one or more alcohol groups can be oxidized in addition to the aldehyde group. The product is called an aldaric acid.

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm#carb1

Osazone Formation
Aldoses and ketoses react with three equivalents of phenylhydrazine, forming osazones The osazone reaction was developed and used by Emil Fischer to identify aldose sugars differing in configuration only at the alpha-carbon.

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm#car

Problem

Lengthening the Chain: The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis

The Kiliani-Fischer synthesis increases the carbon chain of an aldose by one carbon: it forms C-2 epimers