1

ytt nh

ntRfu t fto {w-srvu r{, ytrfu hq ytt nh

R{t{ y httk Vtru rnLwMt

ytt nh Vtru rnLwt nh {tt y htt tnu (hrtnw
ytt yLnw)u ytn hw RTu t eu RMt{e ut fht {txu s ut
Vh{tt nt. yu fwht Mtt kt{tk uytuu u{e et {wsrv ttt
nt. ytte Yytte s u{e f]r RMt{e heyt Mttktt etk{tk Ztt{tk
yte ne. u{u { fhtk ttuzt nutk {s yu q yut Vh{te ee ne.
fwhe heu s uytu tte s thtk htktu Vt {st tt nt. Yytte
s u{wk huf ft, huf rrr, huf Mtht yL tuftu sue ne. yu{u ytn
yttt Vtu fh{te Yytte s tEu ie ntk ne.

# yt tuhu tq eM
t wtyu Ln
hsw{tu : tk we th wt ytt u
u tk we yt yt (tit) tnwu eu t
te te.
ytn hw RTe yt s {rG yu yt s RAtu eu ytt nh
fwrv- rhwonqyu ytS eu RMt{e s ut fhe yu ytn hw RTu
huf ku u{e { Vh{ttu httuu. te Yytte s ee r{tu fthu
huf {tu yu{ s twk nwk fu ee utytu yus u{t Stu {w Wvu~ Au.
uytu tutt tEytu{tk tite {tuxt nt. yu fwxwkt tt {tuxt ti ftuE u{u {tuxt s
{tt nt. u{u tu tEytu yut tu rt {t nt su{u uytuu wrtthet
nkt{tytute r htt nt.
yu{t wttu yu fuxtf r{ttu yu trtuoyu yu{t ft{tu{tk yu{u tt
qhe nt fhe ne. fwhe Vitete yu{u rhw RMt{e f]r yut tE ne.
yu ue ttu s {s, t, r-r{t, ytkrhf yu tt kutytu yue tu
yut tE ne fu su t{tL {ttue yte s ytu fhtk yuf e thu the
ne. yu tn tt n{ u{t {eh{tk ntk, yuxt {txu fu uytu Xt nt yu
W[ fturxt {w{t nt. Yytte s yt ih{L nt. yt e ruttytu

ytt nh

yu{t{tk yuxt {txu yuft fhe ut{tk yte ne fu sute fheu uytu {wsrvre tute
Vhu the uXu yt fhe fu. yu tute yt Vhu the heu yt fheu ttt [trh
zu u{u tutt wt yu ut nttk hq tnw ytt yirn ytrne {u htS fhe et. yk {] wLtu wSor fhe,rytu tq fhe,
yuf rVtytu {txe{tk ue et. yu yuxwwk s rn fu rVtytu Vutthtytuu
hnue wrt we Wtzt tze et. u{t yt tnu s rVtytu Vutthtytue wrt{tk
yt uxte ee. yt tu yu{e ee utytu ne u{e R{e Mtytue Mtr fkEf
yue ne fu qo yu {t hkht yu r hkht tMttu yu rtytu tt
tt-rtt{tk yu{e y-he, Vthe yu Wqo tttytue f]rytu x tEu tufr
tE [qfe Au. xqkf{tk eu RMt{e rt ut yu tMttu yu rtytu tt ttrttt tnwte ytn hw RTu yu{u yut tu tt nt fu yte wrtyu
u{e rt yu {ntttu Mefth ftuo Au.
eu RMt{t fuLtu yu rt RMt{e nuhtu {t {w-yTy{n yu {eyu
{whnt ktk Wu{tyu rfht{u yu{t wrt wMf rnt{w nh{ie fhetu{tk
yu{t nw {tuxt {tuxt {trf t Vh{tt Au. su t tUtt Au. yu{t yu {trf
rtu eu huf yu rfto Wh ntU[u fu tyu wt {t {w-yTy{nt yu
hthu rht {eyu {whnt {nt rttu yu ye{ ytr{tuyu u{e suxe
fh fhe Au yu u{wk suxwk nw{t fwO Au yxwk nw{t tk ftuE rnLwMte
ytr{u {wk ntu uwk ut fu tkt{tk ytwk te. yt tu ytsu ytu uE
htt Aeyu fu h tuo kfztu rnLwMte ytr{tu nh{i heVie rth {txu st ntu
Au Atk nh{i heVit ytr{tu u{e ntshee tU wtk utk te. yu nu ytt
nh Vtru rnLwMte t tu swytu fu tht yuf nuh huetu yuf kyu wt
nh{i heVi{tk ntsh tt Au yu thu nh{i heVit Wu{tyu rfht{ tututt
htu{tkte nth efe ytu Au yu u{wk nw{t fhu Au u{u Rs ytu Au. nh{i
heVit Wu{tyu rfht{e wktu tt yu yhVt--ytt t ntut Atk u{t
hVte ytt nh Vtru rnLwMtwk ytxwk wk nw{t ytxtu tu yunTht{ yu
hfthu tu yt{ tnw ytt yirn ytrne -{t t fh{e fwhe
yr s ne. suu yu tute e ytku rnttwk tit yu tot nhtu
ntSytuu t twk nwk.
tr-f VTwtrn wy-ern {k tW tnw w Vr ye{.

ytt nh

ytt nhe h[tytu yu t tuE

tute h[tytu rtu R{t{ y ht ytt nh Vtru rnLwMtt
ttytu huh t[t Au. ytu tute h[tytu rtu Vh{twk Au fu {the t{f
frtytut ko{tk {u qhuqhtu ktut Au. ytn y- s-t Vtu fh{te
{the h[tytu tuttu yu t{eytute tf Au. {U {the ft fwytou tf{tkte s ee Au.
yu nwk RMt{e heye wktu Vtth httu Awk. u ftuE yu{ qAu fu ytu
RMt{e hey yu ftt{f Mowwk ktus fue heu fhe feyu? thu ytt
nh Vtru rnLwMtt usMe yu Wve ttytutt Q{fttu ue {t {qfe
ut uEyu. yu fnuwk uEyu fu yt heu sLe yuf wwu tutt yrttu hsq fto
Au. rnLwMt{tk e ftuEyu khu RMt{ nwhq rGu fhe{ tnw ytt
yirn ytrne -{t t yt heu fto te. ytte yttu ytt nh
Vtru rnLwMt {txu yt tu ytt {wute he zu Au fu nu ht ! yt tu ft
st {ntht Atu. fth fu trnt {t{ MYtu Wh ytwk w tuorh
Au.
tk we ytt nht trt ft{tu kk Au tk we ytuu Wqo, y-he
yu Vthe tu tttytu{tk ttue h[t fhe Au. ktk tttytu h ytt w
yu tttfe tt u{ s yte rttu ykts yuf yue t heV hte {ue
ft Au fu sue h[t{tk ytu 1.y-he. 2. Vthe. 3. Wqo. yu 4. rnLwMte sue
[th tttytuwk wkh ktus fwO Au. yu uwk rhw fkEf yue heu fht{tk ytwk Au fu
yuf ttt{tk su t Y tt Au utu s rrtu eS ttt{tk yt [tu Au yu u
yue heu fu ttt tt Atk utu ttto ttu te. yu {~nqh t heV Au:
{ y-r ehw-f Ve -rh, r{Mu q w it t
s hts ftu ts tuhu h tunu, w ftu nu nh tu ht t
rnLwMt yu trfMte wrxeytut ktk rttu ytt nhe
ttu yu fth[tytu h ktu fheu e.yu[.ze.e eytu {ue [qt Au. yte
ttu yu fth[tytu trnf yu fefe tIote hue Au. yte h[tytu
YrZtutu, fnutu, W{tytu, Yftu, tyu-tyu, ykfthtu, fwyto yu neu tft
ktuo h yttrh {ent (Allusions)te ws Au. txwt (Eloquence){tk
yt {t{ Mwytu yrto ykfthtutu hu htu Au. yu{e fth[tytu w:r{to
yu eftue yto Au. nstte yu{ fne ft Au fu ytt nhe h[tytu
Vt, R~fu hq yu zt {ot yut e[t sue Au su {w{ttut E{tu
tse, MVq yu S yuo Au. {tunrT ftftuhe, t nue, ztp. Rt, rt
Vunwhe, ztp. Vh{t Vunwhe, tu. e{ fwhie, ftet wt ht sut wrc

ytt nh

frytu, ru[ftu yu rttuyu ytt nhe h[tytue fh fhe ytu te

et Au. yu Vtru rnLwMte {ntttu qof Mefth ftuo Au. Mw wMf
ntRfu yte yte s t heVtutu yuf wkh w Mtu Au. {tt qVe
{wnB{ y fthe he, ke tnuu Wqo ttt{tk ue {toft ith fhe Au.
suwk ft VtYrft wf rztu, rnete tE [qwk Au yu tu. S.ze.fwhieyu ht yufuz{e
Mxtuf tuxo, (w.fu.)t u nuX ntRfu e ttu, ftetytu, fttu, t{, wY
yu hwtEytuwk ftt{f ykuS{tk tttkh fwO Au. u fu t { nutk ntRfu
wk rnLe{tk rrtkh tE [qwk Au u{ Atk wshte u ftu u fu{
rhtuhutte rnLe rr fhtk rhtuhut he wshte rr tk[t{tk q s h
yu w{ tu Au. wshte e yt ht yu w{ttu t hteu Y[t
fr, trnfth yu tfth st wt{ ntVuS tnuu wshtt ytrftu hq
{txu yuwk wshte rrtkh fwO Au. nu yt~t yu te Au fu wt{ ntVuS
tnu sut s ftuEf rt fr ytwk wshte ttt{tk ftt{f tttkh fhu. yt
MYu tttkh fhtwk u ntu tu MYu yuwk tttkh fhe uwk rh
yte {toft(no) he ft. sute wshtt ytrft hq R~fu hqt
yt {tytuu tk[t yu tk[t Whtk {Su u{u yt{t fhe fu yu t[t
yto{tk u{wk htMt fheu tutt R~fu hqe Q{ytu yu ttytuu wu w
Wrv fhe fu.
ytt nh rhtueytue shu
ytt nh Vtru rnLwt nh {tt y htt tnu rtu u{t
{fte ytr{u e yu uke rVhftt zt {tt y~hV ye tte tnuu
ftwk nwk fu {tt (ytt nh) h R~fu hqtu tu Au.