Form 4: Chapter 1 (Functions)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1 Based on the given ordered pairs
{(2, 1), (4, 3), (6, 5), (6, 7)}, an arrow diagram
can be drawn as shown below.

(a) The range is {3, 7}.

'3' and '7' are linked to

object(s) but '5' and '11' are
not linked to any object(s).
Therefore, the range is {3, 7}.

(a) The image of 2 is 1.

(b) The object of 7 is 6.

(b) The above relation is a many-to-one

relation.

2 (a) Let g1(7) = y

Thus, g(y) = 7
4y 1 = 7
4y = 8
y=2
g1(7) = 2

Element '7' in the codomain

is linked to two elements,
i.e. '28' and '49' in the
domain. Therefore, it is a
many-to-one relation.

(b) hg(x)
= h(4x 1)
= (4x 1)2 3(4x 1) + 5
= 16x2 8x + 1 12x + 3 + 5
= 16x2 20x + 9

4 h : x 2x + m
h(x) = 2x + m

7 (a) Let w 1(x) = z

w( z) = x
6
=x
3 2z

Let h1(x) = y
h(y) = x
2y + m = x
xm
y=
2
x

m x m
=
h1(x) =
2
2 2
But it is given that

h1(x)

Change the subject of the

formula to z.
6 = x(3 2z)
6 = 3x 2xz
2xz = 3x 6

3
= 3kx + .
2

3x 6
2x
3x 6
w 1( x) =
, x0
2x
z=

Hence, by comparison,
1
1
and
3k = k =
6
2
m 3
= m = 3 .
2
2
5 (a)

5
(b) w 1h
2
5
= w 12 + 3
2

hg(x) = 6x 2
h[g(x)] = 6x 2
3g(x) + 1 = 6x 2
3g(x) = 6x 3
g(x) = 2x 1

= w 1(2)
3(2) 6
=
2(2)
=3

It is given that
h(x) = 3x + 1. Hence,
h[g( x)] = 3g(x) + 1.

8 Let n1(x) = y
n( y) = x
4y 1 = x
4y = x +1

(b) gh(x) = g(3x + 1) = 2(3x + 1) 1 = 6x + 1

x +1
4
x
+1
n1(x) =
4
y=

1
When gh(x) = ,
3
1
6x + 1 =
3
18x + 3 = 1
18x = 2
1
x=
9

x + 1
mn1(x) = m

6 (a) From the given arrow diagram,

f (2) = 5. Hence, f 1(5) = 2 .
(b) gf (2) = 3

This is a composite
function gf(x) which maps
x directly onto z.

3
x + 1
8
5
4

3
3
, x
2x 3
2

10 m(2) = 7
2 h
=7
h
2 h = 7h
8h = 2
1
h=
4

9 (a) The relation between set P and set Q is a

many-to-one relation.
(b) The relation can be represented by
f ( x) = x4.
Function notation

Paper 2
(b) hg : x 2x + 4
hg(x) = 2x + 4
x

h + 2 = 2x + 4
2

1 (a) f : x 2x 3
f (x) = 2x 3
Let f 1(x) = y
f ( y) = x

x
+2= u
2
x
= u2
2
x = 2u 4
h(u) = 2(2u 4) + 4

2y 3 = x

Let

x+3
2
x
+3
f 1(x) =
2
y=

= 4u 8 + 4
= 4u 4
h : x 4x 4

f 1 g( x)

x
= f 1 + 2

x
+ 2 + 3
2

=
2
x + 4+ 6
2
=
2
x + 10
=
4
f 1 g : x

x + 10
4

Form 4: Chapter 2 (Quadratic Equations)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

2x(x 3) = (2 x)(x + 1)
2x 2 6x = 2x + 2 x 2 x

3 y = 5x 2
c
2
y = 3x + 3x + k d
Substituting d into c:
3x 2 + 3x + k = 5x 2
3x 2 2x + k + 2 = 0
a = 3, b = 2, c = k + 2

3x 2 7x 2 = 0
(7) (7)2 4(3)(2)
x=
2(3)
7 49 + 24
6
7 8.5440
x=
6
x = 2.591 or 0.2573
x=

In the case where a curve does not meet a

straight line, b2 4ac < 0 is applied.
b2 4ac < 0
2
(2) 4(3)(k + 2) < 0
4 12k 24 < 0
12k 20 < 0
12k < 20

2
5
and .
3
2

2
5
11
Sum of roots = + =
3 2
6

2
5
5
Product of roots = =
3 2
3
The quadratic equation is
11
5
x =0
x2 +
6
3
6 x 2 + 11x 10 = 0

2 The roots are

20
12
2
k > 1
3
k >

x 2 (sum of roots)x +
(product of roots) = 0

7 2(1+ x)2 = x(x + 5)

7 2(1+ 2x + x 2 ) = x 2 + 5x
7 2 4x 2x 2 = x 2 + 5x
3x 2 + 9x 5 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
9 92 4(3)(5)
x=
2(3)
9 141
6
x = 0.4791 or 3.479
x=

9x 2 + qx + 1 = 4x
9x 2 + qx 4x + 1 = 0
9x 2 + (q 4)x + 1 = 0
a = 9, b = q 4, c = 1

If the equation has equal roots, then

b2 4ac = 0
(q 4)2 4(9)(1) = 0
q 2 8q + 16 36 = 0
q 2 8q 20 = 0
(q + 2)(q 10) = 0
q = 2 or 10

Form 4: Chapter 3 (Quadratic Functions)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
x(x + 2) = 3px 4

x2
x2

+ 2x = 3px 4

+ 2x 3px + 4 = 0

x 2 + (2 3p)x + 4 = 0
a = 1, b = 2 3p, c = 4
For the case of two distinct roots,
b 2 4ac > 0 is applied.
(2 3p)2 4(1)(4) > 0
4 12p + 9p 2 16 > 0
9p 2 12p 12 > 0
3p 2

(a) The curve passes through the point (0, 4).

4p 4 > 0

y = (x k )2 3

(3p + 2)( p 2) > 0

4 = (0 k )2 3
1 = k 2

k2 = 1
k =1

(b) The equation of the curve is

y = (x 1)2 3.

Hence, the ranges of values of p are

2
p < or p > 2 .
3
2

Hence, the equation of the axis of

symmetry is x 1 = 0 x = 1 .

x(x 1) > 12
x 2 x > 12

(c) The coordinates of the maximum point are

(1, 3).

x 2 x 12 > 0

4 f (x) = 2(x + p)2 2

The maximum point of the graph of f (x) is
(p, 2) .

(x + 3)(x 4) > 0

But it is given that the maximum point of the

graph of f (x) is (3, q) .
The ranges of values of x are
x < 3 or x > 4 .

Hence, by comparison,
(a) p = 3 p = 3
(b) q = 2
(c) the equation of the axis of symmetry of the
curve is x = 3 .

5 (a) The equation of the axis of symmetry is

6 + (2)
x=
2
x = 4

(1 2x)(3 + x) > x + 3
3 + x 6x 2x 2 > x + 3
2x 2 6x > 0
2x 2 + 6x < 0
2x(x + 3) < 0

(b) The minimum point is (4, 5) . Hence,

f (x) = ( x + 4) 2 5 .

Hence, the required range of values of x is

3 < x < 0 .

Paper 2
(b) From f (x) = ( x 2k )2 k 2 1, the axis
of symmetry is x = 2k .

1 (a) f (x) = x 2 + 4kx 5k 2 1

= ( x 2 4kx + 5k 2 + 1)
= ( x 2 4kx + 4k 2 4k 2 + 5k 2 + 1)

But it is given that the axis of symmetry is

x = r 2 1.

1
2
Add and subtract (4k ) = 4k 2
2

By comparison, r 2 1 = 2k
Solve the following simultaneous
equations:
r = k 1 c
r 2 1 = 2k d

= [(x 2k )2 + k 2 + 1]
= (x 2k )2 k 2 1

Maximum value = k 2 1
But it is given that the maximum value
= r 2 2k .

Substitute c into d:
(k 1)2 1 = 2k
k 2 2k + 1 1 2k = 0
k 2 4k = 0
k(k 4) = 0
k = 0 or k = 4
k = 0 is not accepted.

By comparison,
r 2 2k = k 2 1
r 2 = k 2 2k + 1
r 2 = (k 1)2
r = k 1 (shown)

k = 4
When k = 4, r = 4 1 = 3

Form 4: Chapter 4 (Simultaneous Equations)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2
1 4x + y = x 2 + x y = 3
c
4x + y = 3
2
x + x y = 3
d

y
=1
2
3xy 7 y = 2

3 x+

From c: y = 3 4x e

From c:
2x + y = 2
y = 2 2x e

Substitute e into d:
x 2 + x (3 4x) = 3
x 2 + x + 3 + 4x + 3 = 0
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
( x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x = 2 or 3

Substituting e into d:
3x(2 2x) 7(2 2x) 2 = 0
6x 6x 2 14 + 14x 2 = 0
6x 2 + 20x 16 = 0
3x 2 10x + 8 = 0
(3x 4)( x 2) = 0
4
x = or 2
3

From e:
When x = 2, y = 3 4(2) = 5
When x = 3, y = 3 4(3) = 9
Hence, the solutions are x = 2, y = 5
or x = 3, y = 9 .
2 x y =1
x 2 + 3y = 6

From e:

c
d

4
4
2
, y = 2 2 =
3
3
3
When x = 2 , y = 2 2(2) = 2

When x =

From c: x = 1+ y e
Substituting e into d, we have:

1
2
Hence, the solutions are x = 1 , y = or
3
3
x = 2, y = 2 .

(1+ y)2 + 3y = 6
1+ 2 y + y 2 + 3y 6 = 0
y 2 + 5y 5 = 0

b b2 4ac
2a
5 52 4(1)(5)
y=
2(1)
y=

5 45
2(1)
y = 0.854 or 5.854
y=

From e:
When y = 0.854, x = 1+ 0.854 = 1.854
When y = 5.854, x = 1+ (5.854) = 4.854
Hence, the solutions are x = 1.854 , y = 0.854
or x = 4.854, y = 5.854 (correct to
3 decimal places).

10

4 3x + y = 2
x 2 + 2 y 2 + xy = 4

c
d

From c: y = 2 3x e
Substituting e into d:
x 2 + 2(2 3x)2 + x(2 3x) =
x 2 + 2(4 12x + 9x 2 ) + 2x 3x 2 4 =
x 2 + 8 24x + 18x 2 + 2x 3x 2 4 =
16x 2 22x + 4 =
8x 2 11x + 2 =
(11) (11)2 4(8)(2)
x=
2(8)

4
0
0
0
0

11 57
16
x = 1.159 or 0.216
x=

From e:
When x = 1.159, y = 2 3(1.159) = 1.477
When x = 0.216, y = 2 3(0.216) = 1.352
Hence, the solutions are x = 1.159,
y = 1.477 or x = 0.216, y = 1.352 (correct
to 3 decimal places).

11

Form 4: Chapter 5 (Indices and Logarithms)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

log 2 R log 4 Q = 2
log 2 Q
=2
log 2 R
log 2 4

log 2 R

4 log 5 2.7
7
10
27
= log 5
10
33
= log 5

2 5
= log 5 2

log 2 Q
=2
log 2 2 2

log 2 Q
=2
2
2log 2 R log 2 Q = 4
log 2 R

= log 5 33 (log 5 2 + log 5 5)

= 3log 5 3 log 5 2 log 5 5

log 2 R 2 log 2 Q = 4
log 2

R2

= 3p m 1

=4

Q
R2
= 24
Q

3s (32 ) 3s (31)

R2 = 2 4 Q
R = 24 Q

9(3s ) 3(3s )

R = 22 Q
R=4 Q

(9 3)(3s )

4 2x 3 = 5x
log 4 2x 3 = log 5x

6(3s )

(2x 3) log 4 = x log 5

2x log 4 3log 4 = x log 5
2x log 4 x log 5 = 3log 4

3s
3s

x(2log 4 log 5) = 3log 4

3log 4
x=
2log 4 log 5
x = 3.576

2
3
2
=
3
2
=
3
2
=
3
2
=
3
2 1
=
3 6
1
=
9
= 32

3s + 2 3s + 1 =

3s

s = 2

log 5 (2 y 1) = 1 + log 5 ( y 8)
log 5 (2 y 1) log 5 ( y 8) = 1
2y 1
log 5
=1
y8

3 2434 x = 98 x +6
(35 )4 x = (32 )8 x+6
320 x = 32(8 x+6)

2y 1
= 51
y8

Equating the powers, we have:

20x = 2(8x + 6)
20x = 16x + 12
4x = 12
x=3

2 y 1 = 5( y 8)
2 y 1 = 5y 40
3y = 39
y = 13

12

2 = ms
log m 2 = s

x4
9 log 3 = 2 + 2 log 3 x + log 3 y
y
x4
log 3 2 log 3 x log 3 y = 2
y
x4
log 3 log 3 x 2 log 3 y = 2
y
x4

y
log 3 2 = 2
x y

x 4 1
log 3 2 = 2
y x y
x2
log 3 2 = 2
y

3 = mt
log m 3 = t

log m m
6
1
m2
= log m
2 3

= log m m 2 log m 2 log m 3

=

1
st
2

8 272 x 5 =
33(2 x5) =
33(2 x5) =

1
9 x +1
1

x2
= 32
y2

32( x+1)
1

x 2
= 32
y

1
[32( x+1) ] 2

1
3( x+1)
33(2 x5) = 3( x +1)
Equating the powers,
3(2x 5) = (x + 1)
6x 15 = x 1

x
=3
y
x
y=
3

33(2 x5) =

10

7x = 14
x=2

2 + 2 log 4 ( p 6) = log 2 p
2log 4 ( p 6) log 2 p = 2
log 2 ( p 6)
2
log 2 p = 2
log 2 4
log ( p 6)
2 2
log 2 p = 2
2

log 2 4 = log 2 2 2 = 2 log 2 2 = 2(1) = 2

log 2 ( p 6) log 2 p = 2
p6
log 2
= 2
p
p6
= 22
p
p6 1
=
p
4
4p 24 = p
3p = 24
p=8

13

Form 4: Chapter 6 (Coordinate Geometry)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

y x
+ =1
k 3
3y + kx
=1
3k
3y + kx = 3k

3y = kx + 3k
y=
m1 =

k
3

5y = 3x + 25

B = (b, c)
4(2a) + 3(2b) 4a + 3(3c)
,
= (b, c)

3+ 4
3+ 4

8a + 6b 4a + 9c
,
= (b, c)

7
7

3
x+5
5
3
m2 =
5
y=

m1m2 = 1
k 3
= 1
3 5

Equating the x-coordinates:

8a + 6b
=b
7
8a + 6b = 7b
8a = b
b
a=
8

k
= 1
5
k =5

Equating the y-coordinates:

4a + 9c
=c
7
4a + 9c = 7c
4a + 2c = 0
2a + c = 0
into
Substitute
b
2 + c = 0
8

k
x+k
3

b
+c=0
4
b + 4c = 0
b = 4c

14

x y
+ = 1 is an equation in the intercept form
3 4
where the x-intercept is 3 and the y-intercept is
4.
Q = (0, 4)

k
h
x+
2
2
k +1
h
PQ : y =
x+
3
3
h
m AB =
2
k +1
mPQ =
3

5 AB : y =

P = (3, 0)
4 0
4
=
03
3
Gradient of the perpendicular line
3
1
=
=
4 4

3
mQP =

Since the straight lines AB and PQ are

perpendicular to each other,
(m AB ) (mPQ ) = 1
h k + 1

= 1
2 3

Hence, the equation of the straight line that is

perpendicular to PQ and passes through the
point Q(0, 4) is
y y1 = m(x x1 )

h=

6 The equation of PQ is
2y = x + 4
1
y= x+2
2
1
mPQ =
2
1
mQR =
=2
mPQ

3
( x 0)
4
4( y 4) = 3x
y4=

4y 16 = 3x

4y = 3 x + 16

4 A = (2, 2), B = (3, 5)

Let P = (x, y)

Hence, the equation of QR is y = 2x 3.

PA : PB = 2 : 3
PA
2
=
PB
3
3PA = 2PB

Equation of PQ: 2y = x + 4
Equation of QR: y = 2x 3

3 [x (2)]2 + [ y (2)]2 = 2 (x 3) 2 + ( y 5) 2

Squaring both sides, we have:

32 [(x + 2)2 + ( y + 2)2 ] =
9( x 2 + 4x + 4 + y 2 + 4y + 4) =
4(x 2 6x + 9 + y 2 10y + 25)
+ 36x + 36 +

9y 2

4x 2

2+

From

22 [(x 3)2 + ( y 5)2 ]

9x 2

6
k+1

: 5y = 5
y =1
: 2(1) = x + 4
x=2

Hence, the coordinates of point Q are (2, 1) .

+ 36y + 36 =

24x + 36 + 4y 2 40y + 100

5x 2 + 5y 2 + 60x + 76y 64 = 0

Hence, the equation of the locus of P is

5x 2 + 5y 2 + 60x + 76y 64 = 0 .

15

Paper 2
(b) mMA =

m AC

03
3
=
3 1 4
1
1
4
=
= =
mMA
3
3
4

Equation of the straight line AC is

4
y 0 = [x (3)]
3
3y = 4(x + 3)
3y = 4x 12

(a) (i) Radius of the circle

= MA
= (3 1)2 + (0 3)2

At point C (y-axis), x = 0 .
3y = 4(0) 12 y = 4

= 16 + 9

C = (0, 4)

= 25

Area of OAC
1 0 3 0
=
2 0 0 4
1
= 12
2
= 6 units 2

=5

MR = MA
(x 1)2 + ( y 3)2 = 5
(x 1)2 + ( y 3)2 = 52
x 2 2x + 1 + y 2 6y + 9 = 25
x 2 2x + y 2 6y 15 = 0

Hence, the equation of the locus of the

point R(x, y) is
x 2 2 x + y 2 6y 15 = 0 .
(ii) Point B(4, k) lies on the circumference
of the circle.
42 2(4) + k 2 6k 15 = 0
k 2 6k 7 = 0
(k 7)(k + 1) = 0
k = 7 or 1

16

0
0

2 (a)

0 (3) 1
=
60
2
1
1
=
=
= 2
1
m AB

2

(c) m AB =
mCD

Hence, the equation of CD is

y y1 = m(x x1 )
y (2) = 2(x 2)
y + 2 = 2x + 4

The equation of AB in the intercept form is

x
y
+
= 1.
6 (3)

y = 2x + 2
y-intercept = 2

(b) 2 AD = DB
AD 1
=
DB 2

2(0) + 1(6) 2(3) + 1(0)

,
D=
= (2, 2)
1+ 2
1+ 2

17

3 (a) (i) The gradient of the straight line

2x y 5 = 0 y = 2x 5 is 2.
mBC = 2
m AB =

(b)

1
1
=
mBC
2

Hence, the equation of the straight line

AB is:
y y1 = m(x x1 )
y (3) =

1
[x (9)]
2

B = (1, 7)
3(9) + 2h 3(3) + 2k
,
= (1, 7)

2+3
2+3
27 + 2h 9 + 2k
,
= (1, 7)

5
5

At the point A(9, 3),

x1 = 9, y1 = 3 .
2( y + 3) = (x + 9)
2y + 6 = x 9

x + 2 y + 15 = 0 (general form)

Equating the x-coordinates:

27 + 2h
= 1
5
2h = 22
h = 11

(ii) Equation of BC: 2x y 5 = 0

Equation of AB: x + 2 y + 15 = 0
4x 2y 10 = 0 K
+ x + 2y + 15 = 0 K
5x + 5 = 0
x = 1

Equating the y-coordinates:

9 + 2k
= 7
5
2k = 26
k = 13

From :
2(1) y 5 = 0
y = 7

D is point (11, 13) .

B is point (1, 7) .

Area of ADO
1 9 11 0
2 3 13 0
1
= 117 (33)
2
1
= 150
2
= 75 units 2
=

(c) Let P be point (x, y).

[x

(9)]2

9
3

PA = 2

+ [ y (3)]2 = 2

( x + 9)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 22
x2

+ 18 x + 81+ y 2 + 6 y + 9 = 4
x 2 + 18x + y 2 + 6y + 86 = 0

18

4 (a) (i) Area of OAB

1 0 3 6
=
2 0 5 1
1
= 3 (30)
2
1
= 27
2
= 13.5 units 2

(b) (i) Let P = (x, y)

PA = 2PB
(PA)2 = (2PB)2

0
0

PA2 = 4PB 2
[x

(3)]2

+ [ y (5)]2 =
4[(x 6)2 + ( y 1)2 ]

(x + 3)2 + ( y + 5)2 =
4[(x 6)2 + ( y 1)2 ]
x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 + 10y + 25 =

(ii) AB = [6 (3)]2 + [1 (5)]2

4(x 2 12x + 36 + y 2 2y + 1)

= 92 + 62

x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 + 10y + 25 =

= 117
= 10.82 units

4x 2 48x + 144 + 4y 2 8y + 4
0 = 3x 2 54x + 3y 2 18y + 114
x 2 + y 2 18 x 6y + 38 = 0

(ii) At the y-axis, x = 0 .

0 2 18(0) + y 2 6y + 38 = 0
y 2 6y + 38 = 0
b 2 4ac
= (6) 2 4(1)(38)
= 36 152
= 116
Since b 2 4ac < 0 , there are no real
roots and hence, the locus will not cut
the y-axis.

Area of OAB = 13.5

1
AB h = 13.5
2
1
10.82 h = 13.5
2
h = 2.50
Hence, the perpendicular distance
from O to AB is 2.50 units.

19

Form 4: Chapter 7 (Statistics)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

=k

x
n

=k
n

2
17 + k 2 5 + k

= 14
3
3

x
m

= k2
5 5

17 + k 2 (5 + k ) 2

= 14
3
9
3 (17 + k 2 ) (5 + k ) 2 = 126

( x)

( )
x =
2

2
12 + 42 + k 2 1 + 4 + k

= 14
3
3

x
m

=k
5 5

m
k2 =
5

Variance = 14
2
x
x2

= 14
n
n

25

51 + 3k 2 (25 + 10k + k 2 ) = 126

51 + 3k 2 25 10k k 2 126 = 0

= 5m 25k 2

2k 2 10k 100 = 0

5m 25k 2

k 2 5k 50 = 0
(k + 5)(k 10) = 0
k = 5 or 10
k = 5 is not accepted.
k = 10

20

Paper 2
1 (a) (i) Given that x = 10 ,

2 (a) Mean, x =

x = 10
6

x = 200 = 20
n

Variance, 2 =

x = 60
2 =9
2

10 2 = 9
2

(b) Assume that a number k is added to the

first set of data.

( x) 2 = 9

(x)2
n
4400
=
202
10
= 40

(ii) Given that = 3 ,

10

(i)

New mean = 20 + 2

x + k = 22

= 654

11
200 + k
= 22
11
k = 42

(b) If each mark is multiplied by 4 and then 5

is added to it:
(i) New mean
= (4 original mean) + 5

(ii) New standard deviation

= (4 10) + 5
= 45

+ 422

222
11
4400 + 422
=
222
11
= 8.739

(ii) New standard deviation

= (4 original standard deviation)
= 43
= 12

Hence, the new variance

= 122
= 144

21

3 (a) The frequency table which represents the

given histogram is as follows.
Marks

Frequency

10 24
25 39
40 54
55 69
70 84
85 99

2
6
8
13
5
2

Cumulative
frequency
2
8
16
29
34
36

(b)
Marks

Midpoint
(x)

fx

fx2

10 24
25 39
40 54
55 69
70 84
85 99

2
6
8
13
5
2

17
32
47
62
77
92

34
192
376
806
385
184

578
6144
17 672
49 972
29 645
16 928

f
= 36

Standard deviation,

Median class

fx
f

Thus, the median class is 55 69.

2
120 939 1977

36
36

Median
n

F
= L+ 2
c
fm

36
16

= 54.5 + 2
(15)
13

= 18.54

The median class is given by

T n = T 36 = T18 .
2

= 56.81

22

fx
f

fx

fx

= 1977

= 120 939

(b)

4 (a)
Marks

Frequency

20 29
30 39
40 49
50 59
60 69
70 79

2
4
6
(12)
k
2

f = 26 + k

Cumulative
frequency
2
6
(12)
24
24 + k
26 + k

Median class
If the median is 52, then the median class
is 50 59.
Median = 52
n

F
L+ 2
c = 52
fm

26 + k

12

49.5 + 2
(10) = 52
12

26 + k 24

(10) = 52 49.5
12

2+ k

2 (10) = 2.5
12

Modal mark = 53.75

(c) New mode = Original mode 3
= 53.75 3
= 50.75

2+k
(10) = 2.5
24
2+ k = 6
k =4

23

Form 4: Chapter 8 (Circular Measures)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
3 (a) Area of sector = 20 cm2
1 2
r (0.4) = 20
2
r 2 = 100
r = 10

1 Let OR = r cm
Perimeter of the sector ROS = 40 cm
r + r + 8 = 40
2r = 32
r = 16

Length of the arc AB

= 10 0.4
= 4 cm

s
8
=
= 0.5 rad.
r 16

2
(b) Reflex angle AOB
= 2 0.4
= (2 3.142) 0.4
= 5.884 rad.
180
= 5.884
3.142
= 337 5
2
8
=
rad.
12 3
Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OAB Area of sector AMN
2 1
1
= (12)2 (6)2 (0.7)
2
3 2

4 AOB =
Length of the major arc AB = 46.64 cm
r(2 0.454) = 46.64
r[(2 3.142) 0.454] = 46.64

= 48 12.6

r(5.83) = 46.64

= 35.4 cm 2

r=8
Radius = 8 cm

24

Paper 2
(b) Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OAB Area of OPB
1
1
= (15)2 (0.9273) 9 12
2
2
= 104.32125 54
= 50.32 cm 2

1
3
15
5
= 9 cm

OP =

(a) From OPB,

9
3
=
cos =
15 5
= 0.9273 rad.
Make sure that
your calculator is
in the radian
mode.

25

(b) Based on JOQ ,

OQ
cos JOQ =
OJ
8
cos 60 =
OJ
8
OJ =
cos 60
OJ = 16 cm

2 (a)

Length of the arc JLK

= OJ JOK
2
= 16
3
= 33.51 cm

Insert a line OQ in the diagram.

Since OPQR is a rhombus,
OP = PQ = QR = RO .
Since the radius of a circle is a constant,
OP = OQ = OR.

(c) Area of the shaded segment

1
= r 2 ( sin )
2

2
1
= (16)2 sin 120
2

It can now be concluded that OPQ is

an equilateral triangle because
OP = PQ = OQ .
It can also be concluded that ORQ is
an equilateral triangle because
OR = RQ = OQ .

= 157.23 cm 2

Therefore, POQ = ROQ = 60.

Hence, POR =
= 120
= 120
=

180

2
rad.
3

26

3 (a) In OQR ,

(b) Area of OQR

1
= 7 12.1244
2
= 42.4354 cm 2

7
cos =
OR
3
r

7
OR
7
OR =
cos 60

cos 60 =

Area of the sector ORS

3.142
1
= 142
3
2
= 102.6387 cm 2

OR = 14 cm

In OQR ,

Hence, the area of the shaded region B

= Area of sector ORS Area of OQR
= 102.6387 42.4354
= 60.20 cm2

QR
7
QR = 7 tan 60

tan 60 =

QR = 12.1244 cm

PR = OR OP
= 14 7
= 7 cm

Length of arc PQ
= 7

3
3.142
= 7
3
= 7.3313 cm

Hence, the perimeter of the shaded region

A
= PR + QR + Length of arc PQ
= 7 + 12.1244 + 7.3313
= 26.46 cm

27

(c) MC = CO 2 MO 2

4 (a)

= 102 42
= 84 cm

Area of shaded region

= Area of sector ARQ Area of ACO
Area of sector COQ
1
1
1
(18)2 (1.16) 8 84 (10)2 (1.982)
2
2
2
= 52.16 cm 2
=

CAO is an isosceles triangle.

CAO = COA
= 1.982
= 3.142 1.982
= 1.16 rad.

(b)

Perimeter of the shaded region

= CR + Length of arc CQ + Length of
arc RQ
= 8 + (10 1.982) + (18 1.16)
= 48.7 cm

28

Form 4: Chapter 9 (Differentiation)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1 (a) y = 15x(3 x) = 45x 15x 2
dy
= 45 30x
dx

4
= 4x + 4x 1
x
4
dy
= 4 4x 2 = 4 2
x
dx
dx
1
1

=
=

dy
dy
4
4 2
dx
x

4 y = 4x +

dy
= 0,
dx
45 30x = 0,
x = 1.5

When

Rate of change of x:
dx dx dy
=

dy dt
dt
1
=
2

4
4 2
x

(b) When x = 1.5, y = 15(1.5)(3 1.5) = 33.75

d2 y
= 30 (negative)
dx 2
Therefore, y is a maximum.
2

y dy

x dx
dy
x
dx
= (2x + 3) (2.01 2)

1
2

4
4

32

9
units s1
16

= (2 2 + 3) 0.01
= 0.07

3 y=

3x 3 (2x

Let u = 3x 3
du
= 9x 2
dx

5 g(x) =

1)3
and

1
6(3x 4) 2

1
(3x 4)2
6
2
(3x 4)3 (3)
g (x) =
6
= (3x 4)3
=

v = (2x 1)3
dv
= 3(2x 1)2 (2)
dx
= 6(2x 1)2

g (x) = 3(3x 4)4 (3)

dy
dv
du
=u
+v
dx
dx
dx
3
= 3x [6(2x 1)2 ] + (2x 1)3 (9x 2 )
= 18x 3 (2x 1)2 + 9x 2 (2x 1)3
= 9x 2 (2x 1)2 [2x + (2x 1)]
= 9x 2 (2 x 1) 2 (4 x 1)

= 9(3x 4)4
9
=
(3x 4)4
1
1
9
g =
=
4
9
3

1
3 4
3

29

Rate of
change of
y = 2 units

1 2
h (21 h)
3
1
V = 7 h 2 h 3
3
dV
= 14 h h2
dh
dh
1
=
dV 14 h h2
V =

1 6
u
3
1
y = (3x 6)6
3
dy 6
= (3x 6)5 (3)
dx 3
= 6(3x 6)5
y=

9 (a) y = 3 + 14x 2x 3
dy
= 14 6x 2
dx
dy
When x = 2,
= 14 6(2)2 = 10
dx

Rate of change of depth of water

dh
=
dt
dh dV
=

dV
dt
1
=
9
14 h h2
1
=
9
14 (3) (3)2
3
=
cm s 1
11

dy
x
dx
= (10) [(2 + k ) 2]

(b) y

= 10k

7 y = (x + 3)2 = x 2 + 6x + 9
dy
= 2x + 6
dx
1
If the gradient of the normal is , then the
6
gradient of the tangent is 6.

dy
=6
dx
2x + 6 = 6
x=0

When x = 0, y = (0 + 3)2 = 9
Hence, the coordinates of point Q are (0, 9) .

30

Paper 2
2 y = 2x 3 3x 2 12x + 11
dy
= 6x 2 6x 12
dx
d2 y
= 12x 6
dx 2

(a) At turning point,

dy
=0
dx
6x 2 6x 12 = 0
x2 x 2 = 0
(x + 1)(x 2) = 0
x = 1 or 2

Using the concept of similar triangles,

h
r
=
0.5 0.7
h
r=
0.5
0.7
5
r= h
7

When x = 1 ,
y = 2(1)3 3(1)2 12(1) + 11 = 18
(1, 18) is a turning point.

1 2
r h
3
2
1 5
V = h h
3 7

When x = 1 ,
d2 y
= 12(1) 6 = 18 (negative)
dx 2
(1, 18) is a maximum point.

25
h3
147

When x = 2 ,
y = 2(2)3 3(2)2 12(2) + 11 = 9
(2, 9) is a turning point.

V =

V =

dV
25
=
(3h2 )
dh 147
25
dV
=
h2
49
dh
49
dh
=
25 h2
dV

When x = 2 ,
d2 y
= 12(2) 6 = 18 (positive)
dx 2
(2, 9) is a minimum point.
(b) At point (3, 2),
dy
= 6(3)2 6(3) 12 = 24
dx
mgradient = 24

Rate of change of the height of the water level:

dh dV
dh
Rate of increase of
=

dV
dt
dt
the volume of water:
dh
49
dV
=
0.1
= 0.1 m 3 s 1
dt
25 h2
dh

mnormal =

1
24

The equation of normal is

1
( x 3)
y2=
24
24( y 2) = ( x 3)

49
dh
=
0.1
25 (0.3)2
dt

24 y 48 = x + 3
24 y = x + 51

49
dh
=
0.1
25(3.142)(0.3)2
dt

At the x-axis, y = 0 .
24(0) = x + 51
x = 51
P is point (51, 0).

= 0.6931 m s 1

31

Form 4: Chapter 10 (Solution of Triangles)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2
1 (a)

The angle between the inclined plane VQR

and the base PQR is 55 . Therefore,
VMP = 55 .
Step 3 (Find VM)
From VRM , using the Pythagoras'
Theorem, VM = 22 1.56152
= 1.2497 m

Area of PRQ = 4 m 2
1
(3)(3)sin RPQ = 4
2
8
sin RPQ =
9
RPQ = 62.73

Step 4 (Calculate PV)

Using the cosine rule,

RQ 2 = 32 + 32 2(3)(3) cos 62.73
Using the cosine rule,
VP2 = 2.56162 + 1.24972
2(2.5616)(1.2497) cos 55
VP = 2.110 m (correct to 4
significant figures)

RQ 2 = 9.75268
RQ = 3.123 m (correct to 4
significant figures)

(b) Step 1 (Find PM where M is the midpoint

of QR)

(c) Step 1 (Find VQP )

Area of PRQ = 4 m 2
1
RQ PM = 4
2

22 + 32 2.1102
2(2)(3)
cos VQP = 0.712325

cos VQP =

1
3.123 PM = 4
2
PM = 2.5616 m

cos VQP = 44.58

Step 2 (Determine VMP )

Step 2 (Find the area of VPQ )

Area of VPQ
1
= 2 3 sin 44.58
2
= 2.106 m 2

32

(b) (i) Based on ABC , since the length of

BC is shorter than the length of AC
and BAC is an acute non-included
angle, the ambiguous case will occur.

2 (a)

Another triangle (ABC) that can be

drawn is as shown below.

(i) Based on ABC , using the sine rule,

sin ABC sin 30
=
9
15
sin 30
sin ABC =
15
9
sin ABC = 0.83333
ABC = 56.44

(ii) ABC = 180 56.44

= 123.56

(ii) Based on ADC , using the cosine

rule,
152 = 102 + 82 2(10)(8)
cos ADC
102 + 82 152
cos ADC =
2(10)(8)
cos ADC = 0.38125
ADC = 112.41

3 (a) In PQR , using the cosine rule,

PR2 = 102 + 72 2(10)(7) cos 75
= 112.76533
PR = 10.62 cm
(b)

(iii) Based on ABC ,

ACB = 180 30 56.44
= 93.56

In PSR , using the sine rule,

sin PSR sin 40
=
8
10.62
sin PSR = 0.85330
PSR = 58.57 or 121.43

Area of the quadrilateral ABCD

= Area of ADC + Area of ABC
1
= (10)(8) sin 112.41 +
2
1
(15)(9) sin 93.56
2
= 36.9792 + 67.3697
= 104.35 cm 2

PS2 R

33

PS1 R

4 (a) Area of DBC = 29 cm2

1
6 10 sin DCB = 29
2
sin DCB = 0.96667
Basic = 75.16
DCB = 180 75.16
DCB = 104.84 (obtuse)

(b) BD 2 = 62 + 102 2(6)(10) cos 104.84

BD 2 = 166.73448
BD = 12.91 cm
(c)

(c) (i) The obtuse PSR is represented by

PS1 R .
In PS1 R ,
PRS1 = 180 40 121.43
= 18.57

In PS1 R , using the sine rule,

10.62
PS1
=
sin 18.57 sin 121.43
10.62
PS1 =
sin 18.57
sin 121.43
PS1 = 3.964 cm

In ABD,
sin A sin 45
=
12.91
9.5
sin 45
sin A =
12.91
9.5
sin A = 0.96092
A = 73.93
DAB = 73.93
and DAB = 180 73.93

(ii) Area of quadrilateral PQRS

= Area of PQR + Area of PS1 R
1
10 7 sin 75 +
2
1
3.964 10.62 sin 40
2
= 47.34 cm 2
=

= 106.07

First
quadrant

Second
quadrant

Thus, ABD = 180 45 DAB

= 180 45 73.93
= 61.07

Thus, ABD = 180 45 DAB

= 180 45 106.07
= 28.93

34

Form 4: Chapter 11 (Index Numbers)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2
(b) I =

Iw = 12 150 = 121.5
w 100

(c)

I=

1
Item

P
Q
R
S
T

Price
Price
in 2000 in 2002

RMp
RM2.00
RM4.00
RM6.00
RM2.50

RM1.75
RM2.30
RM4.80
RM7.50
RMr

Price
Weekly
index
expenses
for
(weigh2002
tage, w)
based on
2000 (I)
140
12
115
28
20
q = 120
125
30
110
10

Iw

1680
3220
2400
3750
1100

P2002

12 150

Hence, the corresponding total monthly

expenses in the year 2002 was RM607.50.

(a) (i) For item P,

P
I2002 = 2002 100
P2000
140 =

P2002
100
RM500
= RM607.50

121.5 =

w = Iw =
100

P2002
100
P2000

(d)

+ 21.5%
Year 2000

1.75
100
p

+ 20%
Year 2002

Year 2004

Hence, I 2004 (based on the year 2000)

100 + 20
=
I 2002
100
120
=
121.5
100
= 145.8

p = 1.25

(ii) For item R,

P
I2002 = 2002 100
P2000
4.80
100
4.00
q = 120
q=

(iii) For item T,

P
I2002 = 2002 100
P2000
r
100
2.50
r = 2.75

110 =

35

2 (a) (i) For item S,

P
I2004 = 2004 100
P2002
1.50
100
110 =
P2002
1.50
100
P2002 =
110
P2002 = RM1.36

I = 110
Iw
= 110
w

(b) (i)

(115 20) + (10x) + (105 40) + (110 30)

20 + 10 + 40 + 30

9800 + 10x
= 110
100
9800 + 10x = 11 000
10x = 1200

Hence, the price of item S in the

year 2002 was RM1.30.

x = 120

(ii) For item P,

It is given that:
I2002 (based on 2000) = 105

P2004
100
P2002
22
100
110 =
P2002

(ii) I 2004 =

P2002
100 = 105
P2000
P2000 =

P2002 100
c
105

P2002

Hence, the price of a box of icecream

in the year 2002 was RM20.00.

P2004
100 = 115
P2002
115 P2002
d
100

I2004 (based on 2000)

=

P2004
100
P2000

115 P2002
100
=
100
P2002 100
105

22
100
110
= 20.00

P2002 =

From the table, we can see that:

I2004 (based on 2002) = 115

P2004 =

= 110

From d

From c

115 105

100
100 100
= 120.75

Hence, the price index of item P for

the year 2004 based on the year 2000
is 120.75.

36

(ii) I 2004 (based on 2002) = 122.99

P2004
100 = 122.99
P2002
RM9
100 = 122.99
P2002
RM9 100
P2002 =
122.99
= RM7.32

3 (a) I2004 (based on 2002)

P
= 2004 100
P2002

For material K,
1.75
p=
100 = 125
1.40
For material M,
q
100 = 140
2
140 2
q=
100
q = 2.80

+ 22.99%
+ 20%
(c) I 2002 I 2004 I 2006
(100)
(122.99)
(?)

I 2006 (based on 2002)

100 + 20
122.99
=
100
= 147.59

For material N,
2.40
100 = 80
r
2.40 100
r=
80
r = 3.00
(b) (i)
Material

K
L
M
N

I 2004 Angle of
(based pie chart
on the (degrees)
year
2002)
125
75
150
40
140
155
80
90

15
8
31
18

I 2004 (based on 2002)

=
=

Iw
w

(125 15) + (150 8) + (140 31) + (80 18)

15 + 8 + 31 + 18

8855
=
72
= 122.99

37

4 (a) For component U,

I2006 = 120

(c) (i)

P2006
100 = 120
P2004

I = 132
P2006
100 = 132
P2004

1716
100 = 132
P2004

h
100 = 120
50
h = 60

P2004 = RM1300

(ii)
(b) For component S,
I2006 = 125

Component
U

P2006
100 = 125
P2004

44
100 = 110
40

w
1

3
4
p

I = 132

P2006 = 20 + P2004

m = 20 + k

40
100 = 160
25
125

m
100 = 125
k
100m = 125k
4m = 5k c

I 2006
120

(120 1) + (160 3) + (125 4) + 110 p

1+ 3 + 4 + p

= 132

1100 + 110 p
= 132
8+ p

Substituting d into c:
4(20 + k ) = 5k
80 + 4k = 5k
k = 80

1100 + 110 p = 1056 + 132 p

44 = 22 p

p=2

From d:
m = 20 + 80 = 100

38

Form 5: Chapter 12 (Progressions)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
4 The arithmetic progression 5, 9, 13, has a
common difference of 4.

1 (a) k + 1, k + 5, 2k + 6 , arithmetic progression

d = T2 T1 = k + 5 (k + 1) = 4
d = T3 T2 = 2k + 6 (k + 5) = k + 1

S 3 = 57
3
[2a + (3 1)(4)] = 57
2

Since common difference is always the

same, k + 1 = 4 k = 3
(b) When k = 3, we have 4, 8, 12,
8
S8 = [2(4) + 7(4)] = 144
2
2 (a)

3
(2a + 8) = 57
2
3a + 12 = 57

T4 = 24

a = 15

ar 3 = 24

Hence, the three consecutive terms which sum

up to 57 are 15, 19 and 23.

81r 3 = 24
24
8
=
r3 =
81 27
2
r=
3

(b) S =

a
=
1 r

+4

+4

5 Volumes of water in litres:

410, 425, 440,

81
= 243
2
1
3

Volume of water at the end of the 8th day

= T8
= a + 7d
= 410 + 7(15)
= 515 litres

9
, m are four consecutive terms
k
of a geometric progression,
3 m
=
9
k
k
3 mk
=
9
k
mk 2 = 27

3 Since k, 3,

m=

These three terms

are not the first
three terms but
any three
consecutive terms
with a common
difference of 4.
Therefore, a new
value of a (first
term) has to be
determined.

6 0.848484K
= 0.84 + 0.0084 + 0.000084 + K
0.84
=
a
1 0.01
S =
1

r
0.84
=
0.99
84
=
99
28
=
33

27
k2

39

7 (a) If 3, k, 48 are in an arithmetic progression,

then
k 3 = 48 k
2 k = 51
k = 25.5

a + 7d = 3k + 1
a + 7(4) = 3k + 1

S 8 = 13k + 6
8
(2a + 7d ) = 13k + 6
2
8a + 28d = 13k + 6
8a + 28(4) = 13k + 6
8a = 13k 106

8 (a) The common difference of the arithmetic

progression 2, 5, 8, is 5 2 = 3 .

into ,
Substituting
8(3k 27) = 13k 106
24k 216 = 13k 106
11k = 110
k = 10

(b) The sum of all the terms from the 4th term
to the 23rd term
= S23 S 3
23
3
=
[2(2) + (23 1)(3)] [2(2) + (3 1)(3)]
2
2
= 805 15
= 790

11 (a)

T3 + T4 = 15
10 + T4 = 15
T4 = 5
ar 3 = 5

S n = 6560
a( r n 1)
= 6560
r 1
2(3n 1)
= 6560
31
3n 1 = 6560

3n = 6561

T3 = 10
ar 2 = 10

9 (a) The common ratio of the geometric

6
progression 2, 6, 18, K is = 3 .
2

3n

a = 3k 27

(b) If 3, k, 48 are in a geometric progression,

then
k 48
=
3
k
k 2 = 144
k = 12

(b)

T8 = 3k + 1

10

ar 3
5
=
ar 2
10
1
r=
2

From

1
a = 10
2
1
a = 10
4
2

38

n = 8

a = 40

(b) S =

40

40
= 80
1
1
2

Paper 2
1 (a)

(b) (i)

1
(160)(80) = 6400
2
1
T2 = (160)(80) = 1600
8
1
T3 =
(160)(80) = 400
32
T1 =

Tn = 25

T1 = Area of the first triangle

ar n1 = 25
1 n1
6400 = 25
4

1
bh
2
T2 = Area of the second triangle
1 b h 1
= = bh
2 2 2 8
=

1 n1
1
=
256
4
1 n1 1 4
=
4
4

T3 = Area of the third triangle

1 b h 1
bh
= =
2 4 4 32

n 1= 4
n=5

1
bh
1
T2
= 8
=
T1
1
4
bh
2
1
bh
1
T3
32
=
=
T2
1
4
bh
8

Hence, the 5th triangle has an area of

25 cm2.
(ii) Sum to infinity,
a
S =
1 r
6400
=
1
1
4
1
= 8533 cm2
3

T2 T3 1
=
= (a constant), the
T1 T2 4
areas of the triangles form a geometric
1
progression with a common ratio of .
4
Since

41

2 (a) The number of cubes in each storey forms

a geometric progression 1, 4, 16, 64, ,
where a = 1 and r = 4 .

3 (a)

Tn = 4096
= 4096
1(4) n1 = 4096
4 n1 = 46
n 1= 6
n=7

S8 = 2440

ar n1

8
(2a + 7d ) = 2440
2
4(2h + 7k) = 2440

2h + 7k = 610
2

Hence, the height of the model is

7 4 = 28 cm .

From

1)
41
= 5461

(b) S7 =

T5 = 320
a + 4d = 320
h + 4k = 320

1(47

(b)

k = 30

: h + 4(30) = 320
h = 200

Tn (of Epsilon) = Tn (of Sigma)

200 + (n 1)(30) = 160 + (n 1)(35)
200 + 30n 30 = 160 + 35n 35

Hence, the total price of cubes used

= 5461 80
= 436 880 sen
= RM4368.80

45 = 5n
n=9

42

Form 5: Chapter 13 (Linear Law)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

y = px 2 + qx

3 (a)

log10 y = log10 mx 2
log10 y = log10 m + log10 x 2

y
= px + q
x

For the point (2, 6), x = 2 and

6 = p(2) + q c

log10 y = log10 m + 2 log10 x

y
= 6.
x

log 10 y = 2 log 10 x + log 10 m

Gradient

For the point (10, 2), x = 10 and

2 = p(10) + q d

y = mx 2

y
= 2.
x

(b) (i) Y-intercept = 1

log10 m = 1
m = 101
1
m=
10

1
2

d c:

4 = 8 p p =

From c:

1
6 = (2) + q q = 7
2

Y-intercept

(ii) Gradient = 2
k (1)
=2
2 0
k +1 = 4
k=3

y = 7x 2 x 3
y
= 7 x
x2

The straight line passes through the

y
point (2, h). Thus, x = 2 and 2 = h .
x
y
= 7 x
x2
h = 7 2
h=5

y = 3x 3 + 4
4
y
= 3 + 3
x
x3
1
y
= 4 3 3
3
x
x

Divide throughout by x3.

Rearrange

(Y = 4 X + c)

By comparison, Y =

The straight line passes through the

y
point (k, 3). Thus, x = k and 2 = 3 .
x
y
= 7 x
x2
3= 7 k
k=4

43

y
1
and X = 3 .
3
x
x

Paper 2
1 (a)

(b)

1
2
3
4
5
x
1.32 1.76 2.83 5.51 13.00
y

1
4
9
16
25
x2
0.121
0.246
0.452
0.741
1.114
log
y
10

log10

Non-linear
y = ab x2
y = log10 a + x 2 log10 b

(i) Y-intercept = 0.08

log10 a = 0.08
a = antilog 0.08
a = 1.2

The graph of log10 y against x2 is as shown

below.

0.74 0.12
16 1
0.62
log10 b =
= 0.04133
15
b = antilog 0.04133

(ii) Gradient =

b = 1.1

44

Linear

2 (a)
2
4
6
8
10
12
x
5.18 11.64 26.20 58.95 132.63 298.42
y
2.47
log10 y 0.71 1.07 1.42 1.77 2.12

(b) (i) log10 p = Y-intercept

log10 p = 0.36
p = 2.29

(ii) log10 k = gradient

2.12 1.42
log10 k =
10 6
0.7
log10 k =
4
log10 k = 0.175
k = 1.5

y = pk x
log10 y = log10 p + x log10 k

The graph of log10 y against x is a straightline graph, as shown below:

45

(b) (i) From the graph, the value of y which

is incorrectly recorded is 9.9.

3 (a)
x
y
xy
2
x

2.5
7.0
17.5
6.3

3.0
7.7
23.1
9.0

3.5
8.4
29.4
12.3

4.0
9.9
39.6
16.0

4.5
10.1
45.5
20.3

5.0
11.0
55.0
25.0

The actual value of y is given by:

xyactual = 37
4( yactual) = 37

The graph of xy against x2 is as shown

below.

yactual = 9.25

(ii)

p
qx
p
xy = qx 2 +
q
y = qx +

q = Gradient
55 5
q=
25 0
q=2
p
= Y-intercept
q
p
=5
q
p
=5
2
p = 10

46

4 (a)

(b)

1
3
5
7
9
11
x
5
20
80 318 1270 5050
y
x+1
2
4
6
8
10
12
log10 y 0.70 1.30 1.90 2.50 3.10 3.70

y = hq x + 1
log10 y = log10 h + (x + 1) log10 q
log10 y = (x + 1) log10 q + log10 h

Gradient Y-intercept

The graph of log10 y against (x + 1) is as

shown below.

Y-intercept = 0.1
log10 h = 0.1
h = 1.26
3.7 0.7
12 2
log10 q = 0.3

Gradient =

q=2

47

Form 5: Chapter 14 (Integration)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

(1+ 32x) dx
= 3(1 + 2x) dx

(1 + 2x)3
= 3
+ c
3(2)

k
=3
[2x 2 x]1

2k 2 k [2(1)2 (1)] = 3

1
= (1 + 2x)3 + c
2

2k 2 k 3 = 3
2k 2 k 6 = 0
(2k + 3)(k 2) = 0
3
k = or 2
2
3
k = is not accepted
2
k = 2

But it is given that

3
dx = k(1+ 2x) n + c , thus by
(1+ 2x)4
1
comparison, k = and n = 3.
2

2 Area of the shaded region = 54 units2

k
0

(4x 1) dx = 3

4x 2
k
x = 3

2
1

k
1

y dx = 54

6x 2 dx = 54

x 3
6 = 54
3 0

f (x) dx +

f (x) dx +

= 54

k3

= 27

3
2

[ f ( x) + cx] dx = 30

f (x) dx +

= 54

[2x 3 ]0k
2(k 3 03 )

3
2

cx dx = 30

x 2 3
f (x) dx + c = 30
2 2
2
3 22
5 + c
= 30
2
5
c = 25
2
c = 10

k=3

b
a

1
1
f (x) dx =
2
2

b
a

f (x) dx =

1
(6) = 3
2

The area of the region

below the x-axis has a
negative sign.

48

[nx g(x)] dx = 9

nx dx

x 2 4
n +
2 1

g(x) dx = 9
g(x) dx = 9

b
a

g(x) dx =

a
b

g(x) dx

42 12
n 6 = 9
2
2
15
n6 = 9
2
15
n = 15
2
n=2

49

Paper 2
1 (a)

dy
= 2x + 4
dx

y=

(2x + 4) dx

2x 2
+ 4x + c
2
y = x 2 + 4x + c
y=

y = 7 when x = 1 :

Volume of the solid generated when the

shaded region is revolved through 360 about
the y-axis
= Volume of the cone generated by the line
segment OA Volume of the solid
generated by the curve x = y2 1 from y = 1
to y = 3
3
1
= r 2 h x 2 dy
1
3
3
1
= (8)2 (3) ( y 2 1)2 dy
1
3

7 = 12 + 4(1) + c
c=2
y = x2 + 4x + 2

(b)

d2 y
dy
+ (x 1)
+ y+3= 0
dx 2
dx
x 2 (2) + ( x 1)(2x + 4) + (x 2 + 4x + 2) + 3 = 0
2x 2 + 2x 2 + 2x 4 + x 2 + 4x + 2 + 3 = 0
5x 2 + 6x + 1 = 0
x2

= 64

(5x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
1
x = or 1
5

( y 4 2 y 2 + 1) dy

y5 2 y3
3
= 64

+ y
3
5
1
1 2
35 2(3)3
= 64
+ 3 + 1
3
5
5 3
243
1 2
= 64
18 + 3 + 1
5
5 3

2 8 y = 3x
8
x= y c
3
x = y2 1 d

= 64

Substitute c into d:
8
y = y2 1
3
8 y = 3y 2 3

= 30

3y 2 8 y 3 = 0
(3y + 1)( y 3) = 0
y=

1
or 3
3

It is obvious that for point A, y = 3.

From c, when y = 3,
8
8
x = y = (3) = 8
3
3
A = (8, 3)

50

496

15

14
units 3
15

3 (a)

dy
= 3x 2 4x
dx

y=

(3x

(b) At turning points,

dy
= 0.
dx

dy
=0
dx
3x 2 4x = 0

4x) dx

3x 3 4x 2

+c
3
2
y = x 3 2x 2 + c

y=

x(3x 4) = 0
x = 0 or 1

The curve passes through the

point A(1, 9).
9 = 13 2(1)2 + c
c = 8

1
3

d2 y
= 6x 4
dx 2

When x = 0,
y = (0)3 2(0)2 8 = 8
(0, 8) is a turning point.
d2 y
= 6(0) 4 = 4 (negative)
dx 2

Hence, the equation of the curve is

y = x3 2x2 8.

Hence, (0, 8) is a maximum point.

1
When x = 1 ,
3
4 3
4 2
5
y = 2 8 = 9
27
3
3
1
5
1 , 9 is a turning point.
27
3
4
d2 y
= 6 4 = 4 (positive)
dx 2
3

1
5
Hence, 1 , 9 is a minimum point.
27
3

51

4 (a) y =

(ii) Volume generated, Vx

4
= 4(2x 1)2
(2x 1)2

dy
= 8(2x 1)3 (2)
dx
16
=
(2x 1)3

At the point A(1, 4),

dy
16
m=
=
= 16
dx
[2(1) 1]3

(b)

(i) Area of the shaded region

2
3
2

y dx
4
dx
(2x 1)2
4(2x 1)2 dx

4(2x 1)1 3
=

1(2) 2
3

2
=

2x 12

2
2

2(3) 1 2(2) 1
2 2
=
5 3
=

3
2
3

16
dx
(2x 1)4
16(2x 1)4 dx

y = 16x + 20

2
4

dx
(2x 1)2

3
8
1

3 (2x 1)3 2

8
1
1
=

3
3
3 [2(3) 1]
[2(2) 1]
1
8 1

3 125 27

y 4 = 16x + 16

y 2 dx

3
8
=

3(2x 1)3 2

y 4 = 16(x 1)

16(2x 1)3 3
=

3(2) 2

Hence, the equation of the tangent at the

point A(1, 4) is
y y1 = m( x x1 )

4
units 2
15

52

784
units 3
10125

6 (a) Equation of RAQ: 2y = x + 10

At point Q (on the x-axis), y = 0.
2(0) = x + 10
x = 10
Q = (10, 0)

5 (a) The gradient of the straight line

x + y 8 = 0 y = x + 8 is 1.

The gradient function is

dy
= px 3 + x 2 .
dx

At the point (1, 0), x = 1.

dy
= 1
dx
px 3 + x 2 = 1
p(1)3 + (1)2 = 1
p + 1 = 1
p=2

(b)

dy
= px 3 + x 2 = 2x 3 + x 2
dx
y=

(2x

Area of the shaded region

= Area under the curve from x = 0 to
x = 2 + Area under the straight line AQ
2 x2

+ 2 dx + 8 4
=

0 2

+ x 2 ) dx

2x 4 x 3
+
+c
4
3
x4 x3
y=
+
+c
2
3

y=

x3
2
= + 2x + 16
6
0
23
+ 2(2) 0 + 16
6
1
= 21 units 2
3

At the point (1, 0),

x = 1, y = 0
(1)4 (1)3
+
+c
0 =
2
3
1 1
0 = +c
2 3
1
c =
6

(b)
x2
= y2
2
x2 = 2 y 4

Hence, the equation of the curve is

x4 x 3 1
+

y=
6
2
3

Volume generated
= Volume generated by the curve from
y = 2 to y = 4
=

(2 y 4) dy

= [ y 2 4 y]42

= [42 4(4) (22 4(2))]

= 4 units 3

53

7 (a) y = x 4 c
x = ( y 2)2 d

(c) V y =

Substituting d into c:
y = y 2 4y + 4 4
y = y 2 4y
0 = y 2 5y
0 = y( y 5)
y = 0 or 5

=6

From d:
When y = 0,
x = (0 2)2 = 4
B = (4, 0)
When y = 5,
x = (5 2)2 = 9
A = (9, 5)
(b)

Area of the shaded region P

= Area of trapezium Area under the
curve
5
1
= (4 + 9)(5)
x dy
0
2

5
0

( y 2)2 dx

( y 2)3 5
= 32.5

3(1) 0
(5 2)3 (0 2)3
= 32.5

3
3
= 20

0
2

x 2 dy
( y 2)4 dy

( y 2)5 2
=

5(1) 0
(2 2)5 (0 2)5
=

5
5
32
= 0
5

y = ( y 2)2 4

= 32.5

5
units 2
6

54

2
units 3
5

Form 5: Chapter 15 (Vectors)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
4
1 (a) Since P = (4, 2), OP = .
2

4 (a) AB = OB OA
= 3i + 17 j (2i + 5 j )
= 5i + 12 j

(b) Since Q = (6, 3), OQ = 6i + 3 j .

Hence, QO = OQ = 6i 3 j .

(b) AB = 52 + 122 = 169 = 13

2 r = 2 p 3q
Unit vector in the direction of AB
1
=
( AB)
AB

r = 2(3a + 2b) 3(3a b)

r = 6a + 4b 9a + 3b
r = 3a + 7b

1
(5i + 12 j)
13
12
5
i+
j
=
13
13
=

But it is given that r = ha + (h + k )b .

By comparison,
h = 3 and
h+ k = 7
3 + k = 7
k = 10

AB + 2BC = 11i 13 j

(OB OA) + 2(OC OB) = 11i 13 j

5 1 m 5 11
+ 2 =

3 7 p 3 13
6 m 5 11
+ 2

=
4 p 3 13
6 + 2m 10 11

=
4 + 2 p 6 13
2m 4 11

=
2 p 10 13

(a) BD = BA + AD
= 12 p + 6q

Equating the x-components:

2m 4 = 11
1
m= 7
2

(b) EC = EB + BC
1
= DB + BC
3
1
= (BD ) + BC
3
1
= (12 p 6q ) + 6q
3
= 4 p 2q + 6q

Equating the y-components:

2 p 10 = 13
p = 1

= 4 p + 4q

55

1
2

 9
6 (a) OQ =

12

9 (a) Since the point X, Y and Z are collinear,

XY = kYZ
2a + 4b = k(3a + mb)
2a + 4b = 3ka + kmb

(b) OQ = 92 + (12)2 = 15
Hence, the unit vector in the direction of
3
1 9 5
.
OQ =

=
15 12 4
5

Equating the coefficients of a ,

3k = 2
2
k=
3
Equating the coefficients of b ,
km = 4
2
m=4
3
m=6

7 BM = BA + AM
1
= CO + AO
2
1
= (4i 2 j) + (2i 6 j)
2
= 4i 2 j i 3 j

k=

= 3i 5 j
6
8 (a) A(6, 3) OA =
3
0
B(0, 5) OB =
5

(b)

AB = OB OA
0 6
=
5 3
6
=
8

2
YZ
3
2
XY = YZ
3
XY =

XY
YZ

2
3

XY : YZ = 2 : 3

(b) AB = (6)2 + (8)2 = 100 = 10

Unit vector in the direction of AB
1
( AB)
=
AB
1 6

10 8
3

= 5
4
5
=

56

2
3

Paper 2
(c) Since CD is parallel to AB, CD = k AB
(k is a constant).
m
10
= k
7
14
m 10k

=
7 14k

1 (a) Using the concept of position vectors:

10
AB =
14
10
OB OA =
14
4
10
OA =
6
14
4 10
OA =
6 14
6
OA =
8

Equating the x-components:

m = 10k
Equating the y-components:
7 = 14k
1
k=
2

A = (6, 8)

(b) OA = (6)2 + (8)2 = 100 = 10

From
Unit vector in the direction of OA
1
=
(OA)
OA

, when k =

1
m = 10 = 5
2

1 6

10 8
3
= 54
5

57

1
,
2

(c) AQ = AR + RQ
a + 3p = 4ha + 4hp + 3ka + 3k p
a + 3p = (4h + 3k )a + (4h + 3k )p

From (a) (ii),

AQ = a + 3p

(a) (i)

Equating the coefficients of a and of b

respectively, we have:

AP = AO + OP
AP = 4a + 4 p

(ii) OQ = OA + AQ
1
OQ = OA + AB
4

Given AQ =

1
AB
4

From

1
( AO + OB)
4
1
OQ = OA + ( AO + 3OP)
4

OQ = OA +

Given that
1
OP = OB ,
3
OB = 3OP .
OQ = 4a +

1
[4a + 3(4 p)]
4

OQ = 4a a + 3p
OQ = 3a + 3 p

(b) (i)

4h + 3k = 1 K
4h + 3k = 3 K
6k = 2
1
k=
3

AR = h AP = h(4a + 4 p)
AR = 4ha + 4h p

(ii) RQ = kOQ = k(3a + 3p)

RQ = 3ka + 3k p

58

1
: 4h + 3 = 1
3
4h = 2
1
h=
2

(b) If the points A, E and C are collinear, then

3 (a)
3
8
Given that OB = OC , thus OC = OB .
8
3
8
8
Therefore, OC = OB = (3b) = 8b .
3
3
This gives BC = 8b 3b = 5b .

AC = k AE
6a + 8b = k( AO + OB + BE)
6a + 8b = k(6a + 3b + hBD)
6a + 8b = k[6a + 3b + h(8a)]
6a + 8b = 6ka + 3kb + 8hka
6a + 8b = (6k + 8hk )a + 3kb

Equating the coefficients of b :

3k = 8
8
k=
3
Equating the coefficients of a :
6 = 6k + 8hk
8
8
6 = 6 + 8h
3
3
(i)

18 = 48 + 64h

AC = AO + OC
= 6a + 8b

30 = 64h
h=

(ii) BD = BC + CD
= 5b + (8a 5b)
= 8a

15
32

(c) OC = 8b = 8 b = 8(2) = 16
OA = 6a = 6 a = 6(2) = 12
AC =

OC + OA

= 162 + 122
= 20

59

(b) (i) TX = mPQ

= m(4u)
= 4mu
(ii) P, X and R are collinear.
PX = k PR
PT + TX = k(4u + 18v)
3
PS + 4mu = 4ku + 18k v
4

Given
(a) PR = PQ + QR
3
= 4u + PS
2
3
= 4u + (12v)
2
= 4u + 18v

From (b) (i)

3
(12v) + 4mu = 4ku + 18k v
4
9v + 4mu = 4ku + 18k v

Given that
2
PS = QR ,
3
thus
3
QR = PS .
2

Equating the coefficients of v ,

9 = 18k
1
k=
2
Equating the coefficients of u ,
4m = 4k
1
4m = 4
2
m=

60

1
2

Form 5: Chapter 16 (Trigonometric Functions)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1

3
tan = t

(a) cot ( )
1
=
tan ( )
1
=
tan
1
=
t

1
,
2
x = 120, 240

When cos x =

When cos x = 1,

(b) cos (90 )

= sin
t
=
1+ t2
2

x = 0, 360
x = 0, 120, 240, 360

6 sec2 20 tan = 0
tan 2

2 sin 2 3 sin 1 = 0

tan 2

tan =

cos 2 3 sin = 2

1 2 sin 2 3 sin 2 = 0

) 20 tan = 0
6+ 6
20 tan = 0
6 tan 2 20 tan + 6 = 0
3 tan 2 10 tan + 3 = 0
(3 tan 1)(tan 3) = 0

6(1 +

2 sin 2 x + cos x = 1
2(1 cos 2 x) + cos x 1 = 0
2 2 cos 2 x + cos x 1 = 0
2 cos 2 x + cos x + 1 = 0
2 cos 2 x cos x 1 = 0
(2 cos x + 1)(cos x 1) = 0
1
cos x = or cos x = 1
2

2 sin 2 + 3 sin + 1 = 0
(2 sin + 1)(sin + 1) = 0
1
sin = or sin = 1
2

1
or 3
3

1
,
2
Basic = 30
= 210, 330

When sin =

1
,
3
= 18.43, 198.43

When tan =

When sin = 1,

When tan = 3,

= 270

= 71.57, 251.57

= 210, 270, 330

= 18.43, 71.57, 198.43, 251.57

61

15 cos2 x 7 cos x = 4 cos 60

15 cos 2 x 7 cos x = 4(0.5)
15 cos 2 x 7 cos x = 2
15 cos 2 x 7 cos x 2 = 0
(3 cos x 2)(5 cos x + 1) = 0
2
1
cos x = or cos x =
3
5
2
3
Basic = 48.19
x = 48.19, 311.81

When cos x =

1
5
Basic = 78.46
x = 101.54, 258.46

When cos x =

x = 48.19, 101.54, 258.46, 311.81

62

Paper 2

(b) (i)

1 (a) LHS
=

x
x
tan + cot
2
2
x
x
sin
cos
2 +
2
x
x
cos
sin
2
2
x
x
sin 2 + cos2
2
2
x
x
sin cos
2
2
1
x
x
sin cos
2
2
2
x
x
2 sin cos
2
2
2
sin x

(ii)

= 2 cosec x
= RHS

This is a y = sin graph

1
with 1 cycles
2
1
because = 1 x.
2

3
x=
2
3
2 sin x =
2
sin

3
x 1
4
3
x2
2

The solutions to the equation

3
3
2 sin x =
x 2 are given by the
2
2
x-coordinates of the intersection
3
points of the graphs of y = 2 sin x
2
3
and y =
x 2.
2
Hence, the equation of the straight line
for solving the equation
3
3
3
sin x =
x 1 is y =
x 2.
2
4
2

x
y

0
2

Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
=3

63

2
1

2 (a) The sketch of the graph of y = cos 2x for

0 x is as shown below:

3 (a) LHS = 2 cos 2 x + cosec 2 x cot 2 x

= 2 cos 2 x + 1

If cot 2 x + 1 = cosec2 x ,
then cosec2 x cot 2 x = 1.
= (2 cos 2 x 1)
= cos 2x
= RHS

(b)

2 sin 2 x = 2

(b) (i) The sketch of the graph of

y = cos 2x is as shown below.

cos 2x = 1 2 sin 2 x
2 sin 2 x = 1 cos 2x
x

1 cos 2x = 2
cos 2x = 1
cos 2x =

(ii) 2(2 cos 2 x + cosec 2 x cot 2 x) =

The straight line that has to be drawn is

x
y = 1.

2(cos 2x) =

x
y

0
1

cos 2x =

The straight line that has to be

1
x
sketched is y =
.
2 2
x
y

0
1

2
1
2

Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
=4

Hence, the number of solutions to the

x
equation 2 sin 2 x = 2
for 0 x

= Number of intersection points

=2

64

1
x

2 2

4 (a), (b)

sin 2x + 2 cos x = 0
sin 2x = 2 cos x

Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
=2

65

Form 5: Chapter 17 (Permutations and Combinations)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
1 Number of codes that can be formed
= 6P3 4P2 = 120 12 = 1440.

Step 3
Hence, using the rs multiplication
principle, the number of arrangements of
all the letters of the word 'POWER ' in
which the letters O and E have to be side
by side
= 4! 2! = 24 2 = 48

2 (a) Number of teams that can be formed if

each team consists of 3 boys (and 5 girls)
= 7C3 6C5
= 35 6
= 210

4 (a) If there is no restriction, the number of

ways the dancing groups can be formed

(b) Available: 7 boys and 6 girls

Needed: 7 boys and 1 girl or
8 boys and 0 girls

7C
7

6C1

7 Form Four +
5 Form Five +
4 Form Six students

= 16C6
= 8008

Impossible

(b) If the group of dancers must consist of 1

Form Five student and exactly 2 Form Six
students, the number of Form Four
students required is 3.
Hence, the number of ways the dancing
groups can be formed
= 7C3 5C1 4C2
= 1050

Hence, the number of teams that can be

formed if each team consists of not more
than 1 girl
= 7C7 6C1 = 6
3 (a) Number of arrangements = 5! = 120
(b) Step 1
If the letter 'O ' and 'E ' have to be side by
side, they will be counted as 1 item.
Together with the letters 'P ', 'W ' and 'R ',
there are altogether 4 items, as illustrated
below:

Number of arrangements = 4!
Step 2
But the letters 'O ' and 'E ' can also be
arranged among themselves in their group.

Number of arrangements
N

7P
3

7P
3

7P
3

7P
3

7P
3

Hence, the total number of arrangements

= 7P3 5 = 1050

Number of arrangements = 2!

66

Form 5: Chapter 18 (Probability)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
3 Let A Azean
D Dalilah
N Nurur

2
5
2
k
=
6+ k 5
5k = 12 + 2k

1 P(Blue) =

P(only one of them will qualify)

= P( A D N ) + P( A D N ) + P( A D N )
1 2 4 2 3 4 2 2 3
= + +
3 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 7

3k = 12
k=4

8
8
4
+
+
105 35 35
44
=
105

2 P(both students participate in the same game)

= P(TT or BB or HH )
= P(TT ) + P(BB) + P( HH )
Initially, there are 5
students playing
table tennis out of
14 students.

After 1 student is
chosen, it is left with 4
students playing table
tennis out of 13 students.

5
4 6
5 3
2
= + +
14 13 14 13 14 13
=

4
13

67

Form 5: Chapter 19 (Probability Distributions)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1
4 X Volume, in ml
X ~ N(650, 252)

(a)

P(Z > k ) = 0.5 0.2580 = 0.2420

2 X Number of students who passed

X ~ B(7, 0.6)
P( X = 5)
= 7C5 (0.6)5 (0.4)2

2
5
X 650 2
=
25
5
X 650 = 10
X = 660
Hence, the volume which is equivalent to
2
is 660 ml .
the standard score of
5
Z=

(b) P( X > 620)

620 650
= P Z >

25

= 0.2613

3 (a) X ~ N (4.8, 1.22 )

X
Z=

= P(Z > 1.2)

= 1 0.1151

4.2 4.8
Z=
1.2
Z = 0.5

= 0.8849

(b) P(4.8 < X < 5.2)

4.8 4.8
5.2 4.8
<Z<
= P

1.2
1.2

Hence, the percentage of bottles of soy

sauce that have volumes of more than
620 ml
= (0.8849 100)%
= 88.49%

= P(0 < Z < 0.333)

= 0.5 0.3696
= 0.1304

5 P( Z > m) = 0.5 0.1985

P( Z > m) = 0.3015

m = 0.52

68

Paper 2
2 (a) X Number of goals
X B(8, p)

1 (a) X Number of children

X ~ B(8, 0.4)
(i)

P( X 2)
= 1 P( X = 0) P( X = 1)
= 1 8C0 (0.4)0 (0.6)8 8C1 (0.4)1 (0.6)7

(i) Mean = 6.4

np = 6.4
8p = 6.4
p = 0.8

= 1 0.01680 0.08958
= 0.8936

(ii)

(ii) P( X 3)
= 1 P( X = 0) P( X = 1) P( X = 2)
= 1 8C0 (0.8)0 (0.2)8 8C1 (0.8)1 (0.2)7

Variance = 192
npq = 192
n(0.4)(0.6) = 192
n = 800

8C 2 (0.8)2 (0.2)6
= 0.9988

Hence, the population of the housing

estate is 800.

(b) X Body-mass of a student

X ~ N(52, 122)

(b) X Mass of a worker

X ~ N(65, 62)

(i)

P(58 < X < 70)

58 65
70 65
<Z<
= P

6
6

P( X < 40)

40 52
= P Z <

12

= P(Z < 1)
= 0.1587

= P(1.167 < Z < 0.833)

(ii)
= 1 Q(1.167) Q(0.833)

P( X > m) = 8%

m 52
P Z >
= 0.08
12

= 1 0.1216 0.2025
= 0.6759
Number of workers whose masses are
between 58 kg and 70 kg = 142
P(1.167 < Z < 0.833) N = 142
0.6759 N = 142
142
N=
0.6759
N = 210

m 52
= 1.406
12
m = 68.872

Hence, the total number of workers = 210.

69

4 X Mass of a pineapple, in kg
X ~ N(1.3, 0.22)

3 (a) X Number of students who scored a

distinction in Mathematics
X ~ B(n, p)
X ~ B(8, 0.7)
(i)

(a) P(grade A)
= P( X > 1.4)

1.4 1.3
= P Z >

0.2

P( X = 3) = 8C3 (0.7)3 (0.3)5

= 0.04668

= P(Z > 0.5)

(ii) P( X < 3)
= P( X = 0) + P( X = 1) + P( X = 2)
= 8C0 (0.7)0 (0.3)8 + 8C1 (0.7)1 (0.3)7
+ 8C2 (0.7)2 (0.3)6
= 0.0113

= 0.3085

(b) X Volume of milk, in ml

X ~ N(, 2)
X ~ N(1000, 202)
(i)

(b) P(grade B)
= P(1.2 < x < 1.4)
1.2 1.3
1.4 1.3
= P
<Z<

0.2
0.2

P( X < 1050)

1050 1000
= P Z <

20

= P(0.5 < Z < 0.5)

= 1 0.3085 0.3085

= P(Z < 2.5)

= 1 0.00621
= 0.9938

(ii)

= 0.383

Hence, the number of grade B pineapples

= 0.383 1000
= 383

P( X > v) = 0.7

v 1000
P Z >
= 0.7
20

(c)

v 1000
= 0.524
20
v = 989.52 ml

P( X > m) = 93.32%

m 1.3
P Z >
= 0.9332
0.2

m 1.3
= 1.5
0.2
m = 1.0

v = 0.9895 l

70

Form 5: Chapter 20 (Motion Along a Straight Line)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2

a dt
v = (8 2t) dt

1 (a) (i) v =

(b)

2t 2
+c
2
v = 8t t 2 + c

v = 8t

When t = 0, v = 20 m s1. Thus, c = 20.

v = 8t t 2 + 20
At the maximum velocity,
dv
=0
dt
8 2t = 0
t=4
d 2v
= 2 (negative)
dt 2

Total distance travelled during the period

of 0 t 10
= Area below the v t graph

v dt
0
10
0

(8t t 2 + 20) dt

8t 2 t 3
10
=
+ 20t
3
2
0

Therefore, v is a maximum.

10
t3
= 4t 2
+ 20t
3

When t = 4,
v(max.) = 8(4) 42 + 20
= 36 m s1
(ii) When v = 0,
8t t 2 + 20
t 2 8t 20
(t + 2)(t 10)
t
t

10

= 4(10)2
= 266

= 0,
=0
=0
= 2 or 10
= 2 is not accepted

t = 10
n = 10

71

103
+ 20(10) 0
3

2
m
3

2 (a) v = 3t(4 t ) = 12t 3t 2

dv
= 12 6t
dt

(c) When the particle passes through point O

again, s = 0.
When s
6t 2 t 3
t 2 (6 t)
t
t

At maximum velocity,
dv
=0
dt
12 6t = 0
t=2
2
d v
= 6 (negative)
dt 2

t = 6

(d) When a particle reverses its direction, it is

at instantaneous rest, i.e. v = 0.

Hence, v is a maximum.
v max = 12(2) 3(2)2 = 12 m s 1

v dt
s = (12t 3t

When v
3t(4 t )
t
t

(b) s =

2)

= 0,
=0
=0
= 0 or 6
= 0 is not accepted

dt

=
=
=
=

0,
0
0 or 4
0 is not accepted

t = 4

12t 2 3t 3

+c
2
3
s = 6t 2 t 3 + c
s=

When t = 0, s = 0. Thus, c = 0.
s = 6t 2 t 3
Distance travelled during the 3rd second
= s3 s2
= [6(3)2 33 ] [6(2)2 23 ]
= 27 16
= 11
= 11 m

72

3 (a) v P = 4 + 2t 2t 2
When object P travels at a maximum
dv P
= 0.
velocity,
dt
When

d 2v

For object Q,
sQ = (v Q t) + 24
Displacement = Uniform velocity
Time

dv P
= 0,
dt
2 4t = 0
1
t=
2

dt 2

sQ = 7t + 24
When t = 2,

sQ = 7(2) + 24
= 10 m

= 4 (negative)

Hence, the velocity of object P is a

maximum.
1 1 2
v P (max) = 4 + 2 2
2 2
=4

Hence, the distance between object P and

2
1
object Q is 10 6 = 3 m
3
3

1
m s 1
2

(c) When object P and object Q meet,

s P = sQ

(b) At point C, vP = 0.
4 + 2t 2t 2 = 0
2 + t t2 = 0
t2 t 2 = 0
(t 2)(t + 1) = 0

2t 3
= 7t + 24
3
12t + 3t 2 2t 3 = 21t + 72
4t + t 2

2t 3 3t 2 33t + 72 = 0 (shown)

t = 2 or 1
t = 1 is not accepted.
t = 2
For object P,

v dt
= (4 + 2t 2t

sP =
sP

s P = 4t + t 2

2)

dt

2t 3
+c
3

When t = 0, sP = 0. Thus, c = 0.
2t 3
s P = 4t + t 2
3
When t = 2,
s P = 4(2) + 22
sP = 6

We have to
"plus 24" here
because at the
beginning of the
motion, object
Q is at 24 m to
the right of
point A.

2(2)3
3

2
m
3

This displacement is measured

from point A.

73

4 (a) (i) v = t 2 6t + k
When t = 0, v = 8

(b) (i)
t (s)
v (m s1)

8 = 02 6(0) + k

0
8

1
3

2
0

3
1

4
0

k=8

(ii) When v < 0,

t 2 6t + 8 < 0
(t 2)(t 4) < 0

Hence, the range of values of t when

the particle moves to the left is
2 < t < 4.

(ii) Total distance travelled in the first 4 s

= Area under the v t graph
=

dv
= 2t 6
(iii) a =
dt

When a < 0,

v dt +

0
2
0

v dt
2

(t 2 6t + 8) dt +

4
2

(t 2 6t + 8) dt

t3
2 t 3
4
= 3t 2 + 8t + 3t 2 + 8t
3
0 3
2

2t 6 < 0
2t < 6
t <3

23
3(2) 2 + 8(2) 0 +
3

23
43
3(4) 2 + 8(4) 3(2) 2 + 8(2)
3

20 16 20
+

3
3
3

20
4
+
3
3

Hence, the range of values of t when

the particle decelerates is 0 t < 3 .

20 4
+
3
3
=8m
=

74

Form 5: Chapter 21 (Linear Programming)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2
(b)

1 (a) The total mass of seafood is not less than

20 kg.
The inequality is x + y 20 .
x
y

0
20

20
0

The mass of prawns is at most three times

that of squids.
The inequality is x 3 y .
x
y

0
0

30
10

The allocation is RM250.

The inequality is 10x + 5 y 250
2 x + y 50
x
y

0
50

25
0

(c) If the restaurant buys 15 kg of squids,

y = 15 .
From the graph, when y = 15 , the
minimum value of x = 5 .
Therefore, if the restaurant buys 15 kg of
squids, the minimum mass of prawns it
can buy is 5 kg.
Total expenditure = 10x + 5y
When x = 5 and y = 15 , the total
expenditure = 10(5) + 5(15)
= RM125
Hence, the maximum amount of money
that could remain from its allocation is
RM250 RM125 = RM125.

75

(c) (i) When y = 12 , from the graph,

x min = 18 and x max = 36 .

2 (a) The total number of participants is at least

30.
The inequality is x + y 30 .
x
y

0
30

Hence, when the number of

Mathematics participants is 12, the
minimum and maximum number of
Science participants are 18 and 36
respectively.

30
0

The number of Mathematics participants is

at most twice that of Science.
The inequality is y 2 x .
x
y

0
0

(ii) Cost = 80x + 60y

30
60

Draw the straight line 80x + 60 y = 480

x
y

The expenditure for a Science participant

and a Mathematics participant are RM80
and RM60 respectively. The maximum
allocation is RM3600.
The inequality is 80x + 60 y 3600
4 x + 3 y 180 .
x
y

0
60

0
8

6
0

For minimum cost, from the graph,

x min = 10 and y min = 20 .
Hence, the minimum cost
= 80x + 60y

45
0

= 80(10) + 60(20)
= RM2000

(b)

76

3 (a) For the constraint "the total number of

balls bought should not be more than 80",
the inequality is x + y 80 .
x
y

0
80

(c) (i) From the graph, if the number of

volleyballs bought is 25 (x = 25), the
range of the number of footballs
bought is 40 y 55 .

80
0

(ii) Cost = 60x + 80y

For the constraint "the number of footballs

bought should not be more than 4 times
the number of volleyballs bought", the
inequality is y 4 x .
x
y

0
0

Draw the straight line 60x + 80 y = 4800 .

x
y

20
80

0
15

80
0

From the graph, the optimal point is

(16, 64).

For the constraint "the number of footballs

bought should exceed the number of
volleyballs bought by at least 15", the
inequality is y x 15 .
x
y

0
60

Hence the maximum cost

= 60(16) + 80(64) = RM6080.

40
55

(b)

77

4 (a) The maximum time for the use of machine

P is 12 hours:
60x + 20y 12 60

(b)

3x + y 36

0
36

x
y

12
0

6
18

(0, 36) is out of the graph

paper. So, another point
(6, 18) has to be determined.
The use of machine Q is at least 8 hours:
30x + 40 y 8 60
3x + 4 y 48

x
y

0
12

16
0

(c) (i) From the graph, if y = 12, x max = 8

The ratio of the number of 'Premier'

pewter plates produced to the number of
'Royal' pewter plates produced is at least
1 : 3:
x
1

y
3

(ii) Profits = 100x + 140y

Draw the straight line 100x + 140y = 1400
x
y

3x y
y 3x

0
10

14
0

From the graph, the optimal

point = (6, 18)
x
y

0
0

6
18

Hence, the maximum profit

= 100(6) + 140(18) = RM3120

78