ConLenLs

OIniioduciion
ONaiuie of Excieioiy pioducis
OHuman Excieioiy Sysiem
OHisiology of Kidney
OSiiuciuie of Neplion
OMeclanism of Uiine Foimaiion
OOsmoiegulaiion in Kidney
ORole of Slin in Excieiion
ORole of Lungs in Excieiion
-fLure of LxcreLory producLs
Niiiogenous wasie pioducis aie
i) Ammonia
:) Uiea
) Uiic acid
) Guanine
Ammonia
High!y
toxic
Ammonot
c!ism
Ammono
tc!ic
anima!s
Aquatic
anima!s
(Fish)
Uiea
Toxic Uieoielism Uieoielic
animals
Mammals,
amplibia
ns, slail
and bony
fisles
Uiic acid
Less
ioxic
Uiicoielis
m
Uiicoielic
animal
Biids,
iepiiles,
insecis,
land
snails
Guanine
Less
ioxic
Guanoielis
m
Gaunoieli
c animal
Scoipion
and
spidei
umfn LxcreLory sysLem
t consists oI
I) Paiv oI Kidncy
Mesodeimal, locaied in
iloiacic caviiy
#) Paiv oI uvctcv
) Uvinavy b!addcv
) Uvcthva
ef umfn kldney
nLernf SLrucLure of kldney
enf pyrfmld
IerLlcf sLrucLure of kldney
SLrucLure of nephron
Ii consisis of
i) Malpiglian Body
i) Bowman's capsule
ii) Glomeiulus
:) Renal Tubule
i) Pioximal C.T.
:) Loop of Henle
) Disial C.T.
) Colleciing duci
SLrucLure of -ephron
t Consists oI
i) Malpiglian Body
a) Bowman's capsule
b) Glomeiulus
:) Renal Tubule
a) PCT
b) Loop of Henle
c) DCT
) Colleciing Tubule
Ii is ile siiuciuial
and funciional
unii of Kidney
9hysloogy of urlne formfLlon
Ii includes iliee sieps
i) Uliiafiliiaiion
:) Seleciive ieabsoipiion
) Tubulai secieiion