A8ACUS MEMTAL

APITMETIC
Z
nd
Doy
3
rd
Doy
I
sf
Doy
I
sf
DAY
Subfrocfion Addifion Infroducfion
8ASIC IMOWLED0E
OF AMA ( I HOUP)
Preporofion
Siffing posfure
PIocing obocus
HoIding of obocus
HoIding of pen/penciI
FormuIo
+/- b
+/- I0
The movemenf of Fingers
Thumb
Fore finger
MiddIe finger
ExompIe
Vorious porfs of obocus
Frome
8eom
Pod
Upper beod
Lower beod
CIeoring device ( if fhere
is o buffon)
PARTS OF THE ABACUS
Frame
Beam
Rod
Lower Beads
Upper Beads
Clearing Device Dot = Unit Place
5
1
move up 1, move down 1
1) Thumb :
move up 1
2) Forefinger :
move down 1
move up 2, move down 2
1) Thumb :
move up 2
2) Forefinger :
move down 2
move up 3, move down 3
1) Thumb :
move up 3
2) Forefinger :
move down 3
move up 5, move down 5
1) MiddIe finger : 2) MiddIe finger:
move up 5 move down 5
2) MiddIe finger and
forefinger :
move down 6 at the
same time.
move up 6, move down 6
1) Thumb and
middIe finger:
move up 6 at the
same time.
2) MiddIe finger
and forefinger :
move down 7 at the
same time.
move up 7, move down 7
1) Thumb and
middIe finger :
move up 7 at the
same time.
2) MiddIe finger and
forefinger :
move down 8 at the
same time.
move up 8, move down 8
1) Thumb and
middIe finger :
move up 8 at the
same time.
3Z
Z0
30
(+)
+I~+b-4
+Z~+b-3
+3~+b-Z
+4~+b-I

1=5+4
=5+3
3=5+
4=5+1
0roup of I fo 4
(+/- b)
+I~-+I0
+Z~-+I0
+3~-7+I0
+4~-o+I0
+b~-b+I0
+o~-4+I0/+I-b+I0
+7~-3+I0/+Z-b+I0
+~-Z+I0/+3-b+I0
+~-I+I0/+4-b+I0
(+)
-I~+-I0
-Z~+-I0
-3~+7-I0
-4~+o-I0
-b~+b-I0
-o~+4-I0/-I+b-I0
-7~+3-I0/-Z+b-I0
-~+Z-I0/-3+b-I0
-~+I-I0/-4+b-I0
(-)
0roup of I fo
(+/- I0)
ADDITIOM
Procfice
ExompIe I : Move up I, move up Z.
I. "Move up I, move up Z, how fo move7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Move up I"
IV. "Move up Z"
V. "Whof is fhe voIue on fhe obocus now7"
ExompIe Z: Move up 3, move up b.
I. "Move up 3, move up b, how fo
move7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Move up 3"
IV. "Move up b"
V. "Whof is fhe voIue on fhe
obocus now7"
ExompIe Z: Move up 3, move up b.
I. "Move up 3, move up b, how fo move7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Move up 3"
IV. "Move up b"
V. "Whof is fhe voIue on fhe obocus now7"
ExompIe 3: IIIusfrofe Z+b~7
I. "Z+b, how fo do if7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Firsf, Z up Z"
IV. "PIus b, up b."
V. "EquoIs 7."
ExompIe 4: IIIusfrofe o+Z~
I. "o+Z, how fo do if7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Firsf, o up o"
IV. "PIus Z, up Z."
V. "EquoIs ."
ExompIe b: IIIusfrofe Z3 + I3 ~
I. Z3 + I3. How do we coIcuIofe if7
II. Peody,
III. Firsf, move up Z3.
IV. PIus I3, move up I of Tens
ond move up 3 of Ones.
V. EquoIs fo 3o.
ExompIe o: IIIusfrofe I4 + Z7 ~
(I) I4 + Z7. How do we coIcuIofe if 7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up I4.
(4) PIus Z7, up Z of Tens ond up 7 of Ones,
buf fhere ore nof enough beods of Ones,
so down 3 ond corry I.
(b) EquoIs fo 4I.
(I) I7 + Ib + I. How do we coIcuIofe if 7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up I7.
(4) PIus Ib, up I of Tens ond up b of Ones, buf
fhere ore nof enough beods of Ones,
so down b ond corry I.
(b) PIus I, up I of Tens ond up of Ones, buf
fhere ore nof enough beods of Ones,
so down Z ond corry I.
(o) EquoIs fo b0.
28
12 5 11

21 16 12
8
15 12 21
3
21 16 2
8
25 12 11
I+I~Z
I +~
Z+Z~4
Z+b~7
3+o~
b+I0~Ib
3+Ib~I
Z+Io~I
II+3~I4
I+3~4
I0+3~I3
II+7~I
Ib+Z~I7
Io+Z~I
IZ+b~I7
Z7+IZ~3
Z3+bI~74
3I+bo~7
3b+oZ~7
3o+bI~7
DO THE CALCULATIOM USIM0 A8ACUS
SU8STPACTIOM
Procfice.
ExompIe I: Move up II,move down o
I. "Move up II, move down o, how fo do if7"
II. "Firsf, move up II."
III. "Move down o, nof enough beods. How fo do if7
IV. "Think, who is fhe big friend of o7 If's 4."
ExompIe Z: Move up 3, move up b.
I. "Move up 3, move up b, how fo
move7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Move up 3"
IV. "Move up b"
V. "Whof is fhe voIue on fhe
obocus now7"
ExompIe Z: 37 - Zb~
(I) 37 - Zb. How do we coIcuIofe if7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up 37.
(4) Minus Zb, move down Z of Tens
ond move down b of Ones.
(b) EquoIs fo IZ.
ExompIe 3: IIIusfrofe Ib - ~ o
I. "Ib - , how fo do if7"
II. "Peody7"
III. "Firsf, Ib up Ib"
IV. "Minus , move down I0
ond move up I of Ones."
V. "EquoIs o."
ExompIe 4: IIIusfrofe 3Z - I7 ~ Ib
(I)3Z - I7. How do we coIcuIofe if7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up 3Z.
(4) Minus I7, down I of Tens ond down 7 of Ones,
buf fhere ore nof enough beods of Ones,
so remove I ond up 3.
(b) EquoIs fo Ib.
ExompIe b: IIIusfrofe b0 - I ~ 4
(I) Move up b0, move down I. How do we move if7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up b0.
(4) Then move down I, buf fhere ore nof enough beods of Ones,
whof do we do 7
so remove I ond up .
If is b of Tens, whof do we do7
Up 4 ond down b.
ExompIe o: IIIusfrofe b0 - 3 - I ~
(I) - ZI - I4. How do we coIcuIofe if7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up .
(4) Minus ZI, down Z of Tens ond
down I of Ones.
(b) Minus I4, down I of Tens ond
down 4 of Ones.
(o) EquoIs fo o3.
ExompIe 7: IIIusfrofe 3o-I~3b
(I) 3o-I~___. How do we coIcuIofe if 7
(Z) Peody,
(3) Firsf, move up 3o.
(4) Minus I, down I,
(b) EquoIs fo 3b.
How obouf fhis coIcuIofion7
b - 3 ~ Z b - Z ~ 3
o - I ~ 4 7 - 4 ~ 3
- 4 ~ 4 Ib- 3 ~ IZ
Io - 3 ~ I3 Ib - Z ~ I3
I - 4 ~ I4 Ib - I ~ I4
Lxercise
1 5 3 =
=
3 18 4 =
4 1 3 =
5 14 =
18 4 =
8 14 10 =
8 3 13 3 =
9 5 3 =
10 1 11 3 =
1 15 3 11 =
5 14 10 =
3 4 13 1 =
4 38 4 14 =
5 1 11 =
48 34 4 =
5 1 1 =
8 9 14 13 =
9 3 15 =
10 55 =
SUB1RAC1ION
1 10 4 =
1 5 =
3 18 9 =
4 14 5 =
5 0 =
1 8 =
9 =
8 1 8 =
9 8 19 =
10 30 5 =
1 34 5 =
1 8 =
3 5 =
4 31 18 =
5 18 =
45 19 1 =
4 15 3 =
8 18 =
9 41 9 =
10 3 19 9 =
IRLC1 AI1ION AN SUB1RAC1ION
1 + + 5 =
3 + 5 + 1 =
3 11 + + 1 + 5 =
4 1 + 1 + 5 =
5 + 1 + 1 =
31 + 11 + =
1 + 11 + 10 =
8 1 + 0 + 11 =
9 10 + 31 + 3 =
10 13 + 11 + 0 =
1 9 3 1 5 =
8 1 =
3 18 1 5 =
4 38 1 5 =
5 15 10 =
48 1 1 5 =
1 10 1 5 =
8 9 15 + 10 1 =
9 4 1 + 3 + 11 =
10 1 + 5 11 15 =
Lxercise 1
1) 11 2 13
2) 13 22 2
3) 2 12 13
) 32 3 12
5) 3 2 23
22
11
23
63